Spinal ColumnSpinal Column

Myotomes/DermatomesMyotomes/Dermatomes

Myotomes- movementMyotomes- movement

Dermatomes- sensoryDermatomes- sensory

MyotomesMyotomes

C3,4,5C3,4,5 Shoulder Elevation Shoulder Elevation

C5C5 Shoulder Abduction Shoulder Abduction

C6C6 Elbow FlexionElbow Flexion

C7C7 Elbow ExtensionElbow Extension

C8C8 Finger FlexionFinger Flexion

T1T1 Finger AbductionFinger Abduction

MyotomesMyotomes

L1,2,3L1,2,3 Hip Flexion Hip Flexion

S1S1 Hip ExtensionHip ExtensionEversion Eversion

S1,2S1,2 Plantar flexion Plantar flexion L2,3,4L2,3,4 Hip Adductors Hip Adductors L4L4 Dorsiflexion/inversion Dorsiflexion/inversion L5L5 Hip Abductors Hip Abductors

Great toe dorsiflexionGreat toe dorsiflexion

Injuries/ConditionsInjuries/Conditions

ScoliosisScoliosisSpondylolysisSpondylolysisSpondylolysthesisSpondylolysthesisPinched nervePinched nerveStingerStingerSciaticaSciaticaBulging discBulging discParaplegiaParaplegiaQuadraplegiaQuadraplegia

ScoliosisScoliosis

Curvature of the spineCurvature of the spine

Spondylolysis Spondylolysis

Stress Fracture of Stress Fracture of vertebrae.vertebrae.

Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis

Fracture that also has Fracture that also has some slippage of the some slippage of the vertebrae.vertebrae.

CausesCauses

Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are most common in football linemen and are most common in football linemen and gymnasts. These two sports involve gymnasts. These two sports involve weight-loading, rotation, and weight-loading, rotation, and hyperextension (back-arching). hyperextension (back-arching).

SymptomsSymptoms

Generally, the athlete will have pain Generally, the athlete will have pain across the low back that may radiate down across the low back that may radiate down to the buttocks. The muscles of the low to the buttocks. The muscles of the low back will be in spasm, giving a flat back will be in spasm, giving a flat appearance to the normally curved lower appearance to the normally curved lower back. back.

Cervical Spine injury causesCervical Spine injury causes

Falls or collisionsFalls or collisions

Sudden twisting of the neckSudden twisting of the neck

C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury

C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury

Symptoms of C-spine injurySymptoms of C-spine injury

Pain, usually a pinpoint spot.Pain, usually a pinpoint spot.

Tingling in both arms and/or legs.Tingling in both arms and/or legs.

Decreased feeling in arms and/or legs.Decreased feeling in arms and/or legs.

Muscle weakness in arms and/or legs.Muscle weakness in arms and/or legs.

Pinched NervePinched Nerve

Occurs by pressure being put on a nerve.Occurs by pressure being put on a nerve.

Either by a bone, disc, or swelling.Either by a bone, disc, or swelling.

Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms

Muscle weaknessMuscle weakness

Tingling or numbnessTingling or numbness

PainPain

SciaticaSciatica

A protruding disk in your lower spinal A protruding disk in your lower spinal column pressing on the roots to your column pressing on the roots to your sciatic nerve.sciatic nerve.

Pain in your lower back or hip that Pain in your lower back or hip that radiates down from your buttock to the radiates down from your buttock to the back of one thigh and into your leg.back of one thigh and into your leg.

SciaticaSciatica

You may also feel weakness, "pins and You may also feel weakness, "pins and needles" numbness, or a burning or needles" numbness, or a burning or tingling sensation down your leg. tingling sensation down your leg.

You're most likely to get sciatica when You're most likely to get sciatica when you're 30-50 years old. you're 30-50 years old.

StingersStingers

The The brachial plexusbrachial plexus is an arrangement of is an arrangement of nerve fibers running from the spine (C5-nerve fibers running from the spine (C5-T1), through the neck, the armpit region, T1), through the neck, the armpit region, and into the arm. and into the arm.

The nerves in the neck and shoulder are The nerves in the neck and shoulder are over-stretched as the head is forced over-stretched as the head is forced sideways away from the shoulder. sideways away from the shoulder.

Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms

The athlete will experience sudden and severe The athlete will experience sudden and severe painful, stinging sensations in 1 of his arms painful, stinging sensations in 1 of his arms frequently lasting from seconds to minutes, frequently lasting from seconds to minutes, occasionally hours and less frequently days or occasionally hours and less frequently days or longer.longer.

There is often associated weakness of the There is often associated weakness of the muscles in the shoulder and arm that are muscles in the shoulder and arm that are supplied by the injured nerve. The arm supplied by the injured nerve. The arm symptoms are usually more severe than neck symptoms are usually more severe than neck pain. pain.

Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms

First time stingers will usually recover First time stingers will usually recover quickly even without treatment, but there is quickly even without treatment, but there is a greater risk of recurrent injury if left a greater risk of recurrent injury if left untreated. Each additional stinger will untreated. Each additional stinger will likely result in continued neurologic likely result in continued neurologic impairment including muscle weakness. impairment including muscle weakness.

Herniated discHerniated disc

Approximately 90% of disc herniations will Approximately 90% of disc herniations will occur at L4- L5 or L5- S1.occur at L4- L5 or L5- S1.

Due to overuse, a disc may weaken and Due to overuse, a disc may weaken and the gel substance puts pressure on the the gel substance puts pressure on the nerve.nerve.

ParapalegicParapalegic

ParaplegiaParaplegia is a condition in which the is a condition in which the lower part of a person's body is paralyzed lower part of a person's body is paralyzed and cannot function. and cannot function.

It is usually the result of spinal cord injury. It is usually the result of spinal cord injury.

QuadraplegicQuadraplegic

QuadriplegiaQuadriplegia is a symptom in which a is a symptom in which a human experiences paralysis of all four human experiences paralysis of all four limbs, although not necessarily total limbs, although not necessarily total paralysis.paralysis.

EvaluationEvaluation

HistoryHistory

ObservationObservation

PalpationPalpation

Stress TestsStress Tests

HistoryHistory

Athlete could walk into Training Room. Athlete could walk into Training Room. Athlete could be down on the field/court!Athlete could be down on the field/court!

HistoryHistory

Athlete walks into Training Room.Athlete walks into Training Room.

HistoryHistory

Athlete down on fieldAthlete down on field

Do not move this athlete until you Do not move this athlete until you determine it is safe to do so.determine it is safe to do so.

Do not take off any equipment until you Do not take off any equipment until you determine it is safe to do so.determine it is safe to do so.

If you suspect a cervical spine injury, If you suspect a cervical spine injury, make sure head is stabilized at all times!make sure head is stabilized at all times!

C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury

ObservationObservation

DeformityDeformity

AlignmentAlignment

Posture/positionsPosture/positions

Signs of traumaSigns of trauma

MotionlessnessMotionlessness

PalpationPalpation

Very carefullyVery carefully

Palpate for pain over vertebrae.Palpate for pain over vertebrae.

Check for sensationCheck for sensation

Check for movementCheck for movement

Stress TestsStress Tests

Active Range of MotionActive Range of Motion

Resistive motionsResistive motions

Spine board videoSpine board video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhQDm60_Pxcv=QhQDm60_Pxc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bi__RFpypE&feature=relatedv=6bi__RFpypE&feature=related