Spin physics at the SMC Spin Muon Collaboration A. Magnon (CEA-Saclay/IRFU & COMPASS)
Spin Physics at
description
Transcript of Spin Physics at
Spin Physics atSpin Physics at
Delia Hasch
(for the HERMES collaboration)
1717th th international spin physics symposiuminternational spin physics symposiumOctober 02-07, 2006; Kyoto (Japan)October 02-07, 2006; Kyoto (Japan)
talks by M.Diefenthaler, M.Contalbrigo• news on transversity & friends
gz
qzsvv
Nz ΔLΔLΔG)ΔqΔdu(
2
1
2
1S
the spin of the nucleonthe spin of the nucleon
outline:outline:• prerequisites
• final results on g1 for the proton and deuteron• flavour decomposition of q
• new result on G
• hunting L: DVCS, excl. 0
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
• new results on polarisation (not covered) talk by K.Rith
talks by L.DeNardo, H.Jackson
talk by P. Liebing
talks by W.D.Nowak, H.Guler, E. Kinney
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
Hermes @ DESYHermes @ DESY
self-polarised electrons: e
<Pb>~ 53±2.5 %
27.5 GeV (e/e)
<Pb>~ 53±2.5 %
1H→ <|Pt|> ~ 85 ±3.8 %
2H→ <|Pt|> ~ 84 ±3.5 %
1H <|Pt|> ~ 74 ±4.2 %
pure nuclear-polarised atomic gas, flipped at 90s time intervals
Stern-Gerlach separation
• resolution: p/p~2%, <1 mrad
• particle ID: lepton ID with ~98%, hadron contamination <1%
RICH: , K, p ID within 2<Eh<15 GeV
kinematic range = 7 GeV:
0.2 < Q2 < 20 GeV2
0.004 < x < 0.9 for Q2 > 1 GeV2 : x > 0.02
s
polarised structure function gpolarised structure function g11
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
polarised structure function gpolarised structure function g11
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
x
[Q2>1 GeV2 data only]
assume saturation of 1d :
a0= (theory) (exp) (evol)
= 0.330 ± 0.011 ± 0.025 ± 0.028
MS
see talk by L. DeNardo
q and q and G from inclusive dataG from inclusive data])Q,(g)Qq(x,[e
2
1)Qx,( g
2qq
22q
2LO1
2NLO1 CxCegg
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
• uv and dv (quite) well determined: uv >0, dv <0
• q and G weakly constraint by data
how to further proceed ?how to further proceed ?• q and q and G from inclusive G from inclusive
DIS data viaDIS data via evolution evolution
equations :equations : requires wide kinematic range in Q2 and x
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
unpolarised DIS
only fixed target spin experiments so far …
need polarised collider
to
extend kinematic
coverage
need polarised collider
to
extend kinematic
coverage need more direct probes
OR:
polarised semi-inclusive DISpolarised semi-inclusive DIS
f
fff zDdxqz )()()(d hqh , z=Eh/
probability that struck quark
of flavour f fragments into
hadron of type h with energy fraction z
distributionfunction
fragmentationfunction
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
)Xe'pe( h
polarised semi-inclusive DISpolarised semi-inclusive DIS
- udK- us
flavour tagging
+ ud
f
fff zDdxqz )()()(d hqh , z=Eh/
probability that struck quark
of flavour f fragments into
hadron of type h with energy fraction z
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
QPA
0
s
s,
s
s,
d
d,
u
u,
d
d,
u
uQ
)Xe'pe( h
‘purities’(based on MC tuned to HERMES multiplicities)
quark/anti-quark helicity quark/anti-quark helicity distributionsdistributions
u quarks large positive polarisation
d quarks negative polarisation
[HERMES, PRL92(2004), PRD71(2005)]
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
0.0430.002 u -
0.0350.054 d -
0.0340.028 s
sea quarks (u, d, s ,s) compatible with 0 :in measured x-range: (0.02-0.6):
- - -
x
[HERMES, PRL92(2004), PRD71(2005)]
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
‘‘isoscalar’ extraction isoscalar’ extraction SS
• strange quarks carry no isospin (same in p, n)
• deuterium is isoscalar target fragmentation simplifies
all needed information extracted from HERMES data alone:
• A1d(x,Q2) , A1
K(x,Q2)
• kaon multiplicities
assumptions: isospin symmetry charge conjugation
[HERMES, PRL92(2004), PRD71(2005)]
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
‘‘isoscalar’ extraction isoscalar’ extraction SS
007.0029.0006.0
)ss)(S(1
02.0
xdx
xx
• strange quarks carry no isospin (same in p, n)
• deuterium is isoscalar target fragmentation simplifies
all needed information extracted from HERMES data alone:
• A1d(x,Q2) , A1
K(x,Q2)
• kaon multiplicities
assumptions: isospin symmetry charge conjugation
[HERMES, PRL92(2004), PRD71(2005)]
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
‘‘isoscalar’ extraction isoscalar’ extraction SS
007.0029.0006.0
)ss)(S(1
02.0
xdx
earlier s result confirmed with factor 2 smaller errors:
x
xS(x)/2
see talk by H. Jackson
0.0350.054 d -
0.0340.028 s
direct measurement of direct measurement of GG
hard scale is PT
• golden channel: charm productiongolden channel: charm production
• @HERMES: hadron production at high PT
(fac.)
TMCBgT|| g
Δg;)p(A)p(A
)(g
Δg;)AA(A MC
sigMCBg|| x
method I:
method II:
MC: PYTHIA6.2Bg-processes: DIS, QCDC, direct+resolved
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
0.0350.054 d -
0.0340.028 s
hard scale is PT
• golden channel: charm production
• @HERMES: hadron production at high PT :
)p(A)p(A TMCBgT||
)AA(A MCsig
MCBg||
method I:
method II:
MC: PYTHIA6.2Bg-processes: DIS, QCDC, direct+resolved
x
g/g
direct measurement of direct measurement of GG
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
see talk by P. Liebing
<2>=1.35 GeV2
exp)()(2 010.0034.0071.0),(g
Δg sysstatx +0.127-0.105 (sys-model)
quark structure of the quark structure of the nucleonnucleon
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
nxhxgxfx T1
5151L1Tw2Corr Sγγ)(γ)(S)(
2
1)(
q1h q
1f
quark structure of the quark structure of the nucleonnucleon
transversely polarisedquarks and nucleons
h1(x): helicity flip
chiral-odd needs a chiral odd partner:
SIDIS: COLLINS-FF azimuthal asymmetry AUT
q1g
nxhxgxfx T1
5151L1Tw2Corr Sγγ)(γ)(S)(
2
1)(
unpolarised quarksand nucleons
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
longitudinally polarised quarks and nucleons
HERMES transverse runningHERMES transverse running2002-05 transversally polarised p (Pt = 0.78±0.04)
0.3T transverse holding field
2002: first results [PRL94(2005)]
preliminary data 2002-2004 [hep-ex/0507013]
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
asymmetries and momentsasymmetries and moments
),(N),(N
),(N),(N
||
1),(A
ShSh
ShSh
TS
hUT
S
)sin()sin(2)sin()sin(2 S
h
UTSS
h
UTS
[angle and moments definitions according to Trento conventions]
Collins moment)()( 11 zHxh q )()( 11 zDxf qq
T
Sivers moment
Collins and Sivers moments extracted by fitting the asymmetry with: )5(2sin)4(sin)3(sin)2(sin)1(, PPPPPA SSSSS
FitUT
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
Collins Collins asymmetries asymmetries
• significantly positive and
negative asymmetries
• unexpected large role of unfavoured fragmentation function?
)(1 zH )(1 zH
.1.1 )()( favunfav zHzH .1.1 )()( favunfav zHzH
)()()( 11coll zHxhA qqS
)()()( 11coll zHxhA qqS
measurement of from
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
see talk by M. Diefenthaler
KK
what can we learn from what can we learn from Collins Collins AAUTUT? ?
[Efremov et al. hep-ph/0603054] h1 from QSM
Collins FF:
x-dependence: Hermes data fitted to obtain parameters for ansatz for CollinsFF
z-dependence: BELLE data fitted and asymmetry for Hermes calculated
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
HERMES+BELLE
data in agreement
• significantly positive asymmetry
requires non-zero orbital angular momentum
first hint of naïve T-odd DFfrom DIS
DYT1DIST1 )()( xfxf DYT1DIST1 )()( xfxf
• D1 known Sivers DFcan be extracted fromHERMES data !
SiversSivers asymmetries asymmetries
test of universality:
)()()( 1T1siv zDxfA S )()()( 1T1siv zDxfA S
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
see talk by M. DiefenthalerKK
needs new unknown 2hadron fragmentation function
interference arises from different partial waves of system
!collinear factorisation! relativ. momentum: R=(PP)/2
can have transv. component even when integrating over PT of the pair
)()(A 11)sinθsin(
UTSR zHxh )()(A 11)sinθsin(
UTSR zHxh
two-hadron asymmetrytwo-hadron asymmetry
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
M
[Jaffe etal,PRL80,1998] [Radici etal,PRD65,2002]
M
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
two-hadron asymmetrytwo-hadron asymmetry)()(sin)sin(AA 11S
sin)sin(UTUT zHxhR
SR
0.040±0.009 (stat) ±0.003 (sys)
positive moments for all invariant mass bins
sin)sin(UTA SR see talk by M. Contalbrigo
hunting for Lhunting for Lqq
10-30%(DIS)10-30%(DIS)
( H + E) x dx = JJqq
= = 1/2 1/2 LLzz
Q2
t
Generalised Parton Distributions
Quantum number of final state selects different GPDs:Vector mesons ( H EH E
Pseudoscalar mesons (: H E H E
DVCS () depends on H, E, H, EH, E, H, E~~ ~~
~~ ~~
hard exclusive processes:
Q2>>, t<<
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
missing mass (energy)techniquebackground estimated by MC
e+/e-
27.5 GeV
Pb=55%
exclusivity @HERMESexclusivity @HERMES
(detected)
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
MC
associated BHBethe-Heitler
+ data
no recoil detection
Deeply Virtual Compton Deeply Virtual Compton ScatteringScattering
Bethe-Heitler
DVCS-BH interference leads to non-zero azimuthal asymmetry
γpepe ''
)τττ(τ |τ||τ|dσ BH*DVCSDVCS
*BH
2DVCS
2BH
DVCS
Bethe-Heitler
BH
II
d
dd
)(d)(d
)(d)(d)(A
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
UT ~ sin∙Im{k(H - E) + … }
C ~ cos∙Re{ H + H +… }~
LU ~ sin∙Im{H + H + kE}~
DVCS asymmetries DVCS asymmetries )τττ(τ |τ||τ|dσ BH
*DVCSDVCS
*BH
2DVCS
2BH
UL ~ sin∙Im{H + H + …}~
polarisation observables:
UT
beam target
= xB/(2-xB ),k = t/4M2 kinematically suppressed
H
H
H, E
~
different charges: e e (only @HERA!):
H
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
see talk by H. Guler
DVCS: beam charge DVCS: beam charge asymmetryasymmetry
- VanderhaeghenVanderhaeghen (1999/02)(1999/02) ––
HERA: 2005/06 e beam (10x)
e+/- p → e+/- p X<1.7 GeVin HERMES acceptance
Regge, D-term
Regge, no D-term
fac., D-termfac., no D-term
γpepe ''/-
AC sensitive to GPD-models
[hep-ex/0605108, subm.to PRL]
GPD calculations:
different parametrisations for H
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
tiny e-p sample (L=10pb-1)
DVCS: longitudinal target-spin DVCS: longitudinal target-spin asymmetryasymmetry
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
sin in agreement with GPD models
unexpected large sin2 (twist-3)
DVCS: transverse target-spin DVCS: transverse target-spin asymmetryasymmetry
]Im[F 12 EFΗ
]~
F~
Im[F 12 EΗ
γpe pe ''
first model dependent constrain on Ju+Jd
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
[2002-2004 data]
GPD model by: [Goeke et al. (2001)] [Ellinghaus et al. (2005)]
see talk by W.D. Nowak
00 transverse target-spin transverse target-spin asymmetryasymmetry
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
interference of H and E:
S ~ STsin S E∙H
GPD model calculations: quark+gluon
GPDs EE related to JJqq TSA sensitive to J Jqq
[curves: Vinnikov et al. (2005)]
add 2005 data: L/T separation
(meson production: factorisation for longitudinal photons
only)
see talk by E. Kinney
summary: HERMES view at the summary: HERMES view at the nucleon nucleon structurestructurefrom unpolarised
DISfirst glimpse
directflavourdecomp.
new constrain on s
transversity isnon-zero!first T-odd DF inDIS
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
polarised DIS + HERMES:
signals of GPDs Ju+Jd
a0
=0.330±0.025(exp)
Backup slidesBackup slides
Delia Hasch spin Physics at Hermes Kyoto (Japan), 02-10-2006
e+/e-
27.5 GeV
add 2005: p data
transversity+friends exclusive AUT (DVCS, )
2006-07:
dedicated measurements of hard exclusive processes with recoil
HERMES futureHERMES future June June 20072007
contribution from exclusive VM contribution from exclusive VM in sidis samplein sidis sample
basically no VM contribution for kaons
polarised gluon polarised gluon distributiondistribution
3 data samples: • ‘anti-tagged’ : e+ not in acceptance pT measured w.r.t. beamline • ‘tagged’ : e+ identified• hadron pairs
different bg contributions, different systematics
g/g
DVCS: TTSADVCS: TTSAconstrain on Jconstrain on Juu+J+Jdd