Spider Mites on Red Raspberry - Revisiting Miticides and BiocontrolBeverly Gerdeman and G. H. Spitler WSU NWREC
Mount Vernon, WA 98221
Spider mites Investing PNW Red Raspberry • Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae - primary spider mite • Yellow spider mite, YSM, Eotetranychus carpini - primary spider mite • McDaniel spider mite, MSM, Tetranychus mcdanieli • European red mite, ERM, Panonychus ulmi
YSM move to upper trellis - April
TSSM first move to mid-canopy Will move upward if leaf quality is good Produce webbing and leaves will scorch, drop
Little webbing, can cause bronzing
Damaged leaves can appear scorched and drop
Upper Canopy Damage Can Resemble Phytophthora Damage
Both mites can infest fields at the same time
Look for spider mites on the underside of leaves. Often along the midvein.
YSM move to upper trellis - April Little webbing, can cause bronzing. TSSM, YSM, MSM – leave overwintering
soil/litter sites migrate to foliage late March - April
TSSM
YSM
ERM
TSSM, MSM YSM
TSSM first move to mid-canopy Will move upward if leaf quality is good Produce webbing and leaves will scorch, drop
Spider Mite Life Cycle
Spider mite and predatory mite - annual late season trends – Pre SWD
Predatory mite immature crossing TSSM webbing
• Spider mite populations – usually peak following harvest • Prior to SWD - predatory mites would control populations • Repetitive use of chemicals can cause resistance • Resistance would likely shift peak into harvest period • Residues would repel predators
Red Raspberry Registered Miticides
Sheet1
Miticides
IRAC
PHI
REI
US
Canada
EU
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Japan default 0.01ppm
EU default 0.01ppm
Canada default 0.1ppm
Miticides
IRAC
PHI
REI
US
Canada
EU
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Bifenazate Products Registered in Red Raspberry
Same Active Ingredient Two formulations – SC, WDG/WS
Two Concentrations – 43.2% and 50% 43.2% SC (12 – 16 fl oz/acre, 2 applications/acre) (0.375 – 0.5 lbs ai/acre)
50% WD or WDG (.75 – 1.0 lb/acre, 2 applications) (0.375 – 0.5 lbs ai/acre) Can be effected by high pH and high temperatures
Bifenazate 4SC – 43.2% (Tacoma Ag) soluble concentrate Bifenazate 50WDG – 50% (Tacoma Ag) water dispersible granule
Acramite 50WS - 50% (MacDermid Ag Solutions) water dispersible granule Vigilant 4SC - 43.2% (Arysta)
(alternate brand name EPA request for Acramite 4SC, 2010) Banter SC - 43.2% (UPI)
Banter WDG – 50% (UPI)
Twospotted spider mite female
• Yellow mites - higher numbers and increasing compared with twospotted spider mites.
• Both miticides stabilized spider mite populations
• Two Acramite rates - no significant difference
Sheet1
3.9a
1.7a
3.1a
5.3a
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Yellow Spider Mite
33.3ab
27.4a
30.7a
55.7a
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Sheet1
3.9a
1.7a
3.1a
5.3a
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Yellow Spider Mite
33.3ab
27.4a
30.7a
55.7a
Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P,0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS
Twospotted Spider Mite Residual Activity
Three formulations – dry flowable and wettable powder, soluble concentrate
Miticides reduce populations below UTC between 1 – 2+ weeks
Beneficial Arthropods in Raspberry
Ladybird beetles Pyrethroids + OP’s = highly toxic
Fungicides = slightly more toxic than acaricides Acaricides = least toxic
Predatory Mites Pyrethroids + OP’s = highly toxic
Fungicides vary Acaricides = Abamectin highly toxic
Hexythiazox , Acramite and Vendex = not toxic Spinosad = highly toxic to some predatory mites (A. cucumeris)
Kanemite = nontoxic to P. persimilis
Spiders Pyrethroids + OP’s = highly toxic
Fungicides = less toxic Acaricides = unknown
Twospotted Spider Mite Resistance Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database
• short life cycle • abundant progeny • arrhenotokous reproduction (parthenogenesis)
Twospotted Spider Mites – 501 cases of resistance reported including: Agri-Mek (abamectin) - 46 Acramite (bifenazate) - 14 Savey (hexythiazox) – 11
Vendex (fenbutatin-oxide) and Malathion - 7 Brigade (bifenthrin) - 5
Kanemite (acequinocyl) - 4 Zeal (etoxazole) and Danitol (fenpropathrin) - 3
Twospotted spider mite possible tolerance to bifenthrin – Whatcom County 2017
0
20
40
60
80
100
Brigade 1/2 rate
Brigade 1/4 rate
• Efficacy varies between sites • Mites were controlled with Acramite (bifenazate) Banter not tested • Efficacy of bifenthrin - no different than the control
Is bifenthrin a mediocre miticide or is tolerance developing?
Factors Leading to Spider Mite Outbreaks
• SWD weekly spray program • Reducing beneficials • Promotes resistance/tolerance
• YSM damage – promotes TSSM damage • Hot, dry weather • Dust
Predatory mite
Mid-August - spider mites were reported infesting blueberry
Twospotted spider mites primarily confined to new shoots
2017 Beneficial Arthropods Appeared following harvest
Neoseiulus fallacis
Phytoseiulus persimilis
Thank You
This work is/was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Project WNP00543
Stethorus larva feeding on a twospotted spider mite.
Spider Mites on Red Raspberry Revisiting Miticides and Biocontrol
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