Speech

Listening Effectively

Listening vs. Hearing

Listening Getting meaning from sounds that are heard Most listen with 25-40 percent efficiency

Hearing Being able to detect sounds

Why listen?

Practice etiquette Part of good manners If you care about someone, you listen

Increase enjoyment Helps to enjoy the moment Increases involvement

Comprehend and evaluate ideas and info. Helps us learn to make decisions Helps to understand

Why listen? Cont.

Become a better student Good listeners=better students Helps complete homework

Ability to Listen

Lack of rest If you lack sleep it becomes harder to listen

Poor Nutrition Activity and nutrition help us listen

Lack of Interest Hard to listen if you don’t care Try to assume the speaker has something

interesting to say

Ability to Listen

Personality of Speaker Speaker’s mannerisms are bothersome Don’t like the speaker

Environment Negative features can inhibit listening

Critical Listening

A listener who analyzes and tests the speaker’s ideas.

Listen Critically

Understanding what is being said and testing the strength of what is being said.

Identify the speaker’s goal Identify main ideas Identify supporting details Use context clues Take advantage of nonverbal clues

Reasoning

Faulty reasoning A mistake in the reasoning process.

Generalizations General conclusions or opinions drawn from

particular observations Example: Fishing is good at Spiritwood Lake

Reasoning cont.

Hasty Generalizations General conclusions or opinions that are

drawn from very few – 1 to 2 – observations Example: Student turns one paper in late,

then all papers will be late. Begging the Questions

Assuming the truth of a statement before it is proven

Reasoning cont.

Irrelevant evidence Information that has nothing to do with the

argument being made It may sound impressive, but unless it is

related to the point at hand it shouldn’t be used.

False Premises Premise - a stated or implied starting point for

an argument - is assumed to be true.

Reasoning Cont.

False Premise A premise that is untrue or distorted. Example: We have a good starting line-up on

the BBB team, so we will win. False Analogy

Draws invalid conclusion from weak or often farfetched comparisons.

Example: Jim can play the guitar so well he should be able to play the flute.

Propaganda

Persuasion Convincing others to do something or believe

something. Propaganda

A form of persuasion that tries to convince people to accept an idea or belief without thinking for themselves.

Speakers try propaganda

Propaganda Transfer

Building a connection between things that are not connected

Bandwagon Encouraging people to act because everyone else is.

Name-calling Labeling to arouse powerful negative feelings.

Card-Stacking Presenting partial information to leave in inaccurate

impression.

Propaganda

Stereotypes A biased belief or attitude about a group of

people. Emotional Appeals

Statements used arouse emotional reactions Loaded Words

Words that evoke positive or negative feelings.

Being an Effective Listener

Get ready physically to listen Pay attention to the speaker Practice listening critically Identify faulty reasoning and propaganda

techniques. Do not jump to conclusions Listen actively

Association Tying a behavior to an image

Mnemonic devices Rhymes, acronyms, and other verbal forms to

help remember information.