Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf ·...
Transcript of Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf ·...
![Page 1: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spectrum Scarcity and Free Space Op1cal Communica1ons
Mohamed-‐Slim Alouini KAUST
January 2014
![Page 2: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda • Spectrum Scarcity
– RF spectrum – Mobile traffic growth and spectrum scarcity
• Cogni1ve Radio Networks (CRNs) – Categories of CRNs – Capacity results
• Free Space Op1cal (FSO) Communica1ons – Impact of scin1lla1ons and poin1ng errors – RF/FSO cascade systems
• Concluding Remarks
![Page 3: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Challenges and Solu.ons Spectrum Scarcity
![Page 4: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Radio Spectrum • RF spectrum typically refers to the full frequency range from 3 KHz to 300 GHz.
• RF spectrum is a na1onal resource that is typically considered as an exclusive property of the state.
• RF spectrum usage is regulated and op1mized • RF spectrum is allocated into different bands and is typically used for – Radio and TV broadcas1ng – Government (defense and public safety) and industry – Commercial services to the public (voice and data)
![Page 5: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
US Frequency Alloca1on Chart
![Page 6: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Growth of Mobile Phone Subscribers
Mobile internet traffic is pushing the capacity limits of wireless networks !
![Page 7: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RF Spectrum “Crunch”
• Smartphone usage tripled in 2011. • Between 2011 and 2016, global wireless data traffic is expected to increase 18 1mes more.
• Rapid increase in the use of wireless services has lead the problem of spectrum exhaus'on.
• FCC predicts that the US is going to start experiencing a spectrum deficit for wireless communica1ons in 2013.
![Page 8: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Poten1al Solu1ons • More efficient usage of the available spectrum:
– Mul1ple antenna systems – Adap1ve modula1on and coding systems
• More aggressive temporal and spa1al reuse of the available spectrum: – Cogni1ve radio systems – Femto cells & Offloading solu1ons
• Use of unregulated bandwidth in the upper por1on of the spectrum: – Microwave and millimeter-‐wave such as 60 GHz & 90 GHz – THz carriers – Op1cal spectrum
![Page 9: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Towards the Speeds of Wireline Networks
Free Space Op1cal (FSO) Communica1ons
![Page 10: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FSO Basic Principle
10
§ Connects using narrow beams two op1cal wireless transceivers in line-‐of-‐sight
§ Light is transmieed from an op1cal source (laser or LED) trough the atmosphere and received by a lens
§ Provides full-‐duplex (bi-‐direc1onal) capability § 3 “op1cal windows”: 850 nm, 1300 nm, & 1550 nm. § WDM can be used => 10 Gb/s (4x2.5 Gb/s) over 1 Km & 1.28 Tb/s (32x40 Gb/s) over 210 m
![Page 11: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why FSO ?
– License-‐free
– Cost-‐effec1ve
– Behind windows
– Fast turn-‐around 1me
– Suitable for brown-‐field
– Very high bandwidth (similar to fiber)
– Narrow beam-‐widths (point-‐to-‐point)
• Energy efficient
• Immune to interference
• High level of security
11
fastlinks-‐wireless.com
![Page 12: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FSO Applica1ons
12
§ Ini1ally used for secure military as well as space applica1ons
§ Commercial use: Last mile solu1on, op1cal fiber back-‐up, high data rate temporary links, cellular
communica1on backhaul, etc …
![Page 13: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FSO Challenges & Solu1ons
13
§ Addi1ve noise (photo-‐detector) and background radia1on (direct, scaeered, and reflected sun light) => sensi1ve detectors + filters + heterodyne detec1on
§ Free space path loss => limited range § Atmospheric losses (rain, snow, fog, aerosol gases, smoke, low cloud, sand
storms, etc …) => power control + mesh architecture + hybrid RF/FSO § Atmospheric turbulences => space diversity § Buildings swaying, mo1on, and vibra1ons => tracking systems
![Page 14: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Vendor Wavelength Data Rate Range (@ 10 dB/km)
MIMO Hybrid RF/FSO
Price Range (USD)
fSONA (Canada)
1550nm Full Duplex with 2.5 Gbps
1 km No Yes RF: 150 Mbps (60–70 GHz)
8-‐12K
LightPointe (USA)
850nm 1550nm
Full Duplex with 1.25 Gbps
1.6 kms Yes (2 X 2) (4 X 4)
Yes RF: 250 Mbps (5.4–5.8 GHz)
11-‐19K
RedLine (South-‐Africa)
850nm Full Duplex with 1.25 Gbps
0.9 kms Yes (4 X 4)
Yes RF: 250 Mbps (4.9–5.8 GHz)
15-‐24K
Commercial Deployment
![Page 15: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Detec1on Techniques
• Intensity Modula/on/Direct Detec/on (IM/DD): IM/DD is the main
mode of detec1on in FSO systems but coherent communica1ons
have also been proposed as an alterna1ve detec1on mode.
• Coherent Modula/on/Heterodyne Detec/on (CM/HD): Among
coherent communica1ons, heterodyne detec1on is a more
complicated detec1on method but has the ability to beeer
overcome the thermal noise effects.
15
![Page 16: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Characteriza1on of the Scin1lla1ons
• Frequency flat fading channel • Channel coherence 1me: 10 μs and 100 ms • Turbulence strength depends on Rytov variance/number (i.e.
distance and index of refrac1on structure) • Turbulence regimes:
– Rytov number << 1 => Weak turbulence regime – Rytov number >> 1 => Strong turbulence regime
• Sta1s1cal models: – Weak turbulence: Lognormal or Gamma-‐Gamma (Generalized K) – Strong turbulence: Exponen1al or Gamma-‐Gamma (Generalized K)
17
![Page 18: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Unified PDF
18
Reference: I. Ansari, F. Yilmaz, and M. -‐S. Alouini, “On the performance of mixed RF/FSO variable gain dual-‐hop transmission systems with poin1ng errors ”, (VTC Fall'2013), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, September 2013.
![Page 19: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
![Page 24: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
![Page 25: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
![Page 26: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
![Page 27: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Wojnar Condi1onal BER for Binary Modula1ons
27
![Page 28: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
![Page 30: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RF/FSO Model
32
Reference: I. Ansari, F. Yilmaz, and M. -‐S. Alouini, “On the performance of mixed RF/FSO dual-‐hop transmission systems”, (VTC Spring'2013), Dresden, Germany, June 2013.
![Page 33: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Relaying and Channel Models
33
![Page 34: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CDF of RF/FSO
34
![Page 35: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
![Page 36: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
![Page 37: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hybrid RF & RF/FSO Systems
37
Reference: I. Ansari, F. Yilmaz, and M. -‐S. Alouini, “On the performance of hybrid RF and RF/FSO dual-‐hop transmission systems ”, (IWOW’2013), Newcastle, UK, October 2013.
![Page 38: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Diversity Model
38
![Page 39: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
BER for SC
39
![Page 40: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
BER for MRC
40
![Page 41: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Numerical Result
41
![Page 42: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
![Page 43: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
![Page 44: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
![Page 45: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Summary and Next Steps ? Concluding Remarks
![Page 46: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Conclusion and Current Work
• Spectrum scarcity is becoming a reality • This scarcity can be relieved through: – Cogni1ve radio networks – Extreme bandwidth communica1on systems
• Analy1cal results can be used to perform ini1al system level trade-‐offs
• On-‐going deployment and tes1ng the capabili1es of FSO systems in hot & humid desert climate condi1ons.
![Page 47: Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ... workshop/7.GW_Alouini.pdf · Spectrum)Scarcity)and)Free)Space)Op1cal) Communicaons ) Mohamed8Slim)Alouini) KAUST) January)2014)](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042018/5e760582aa3b41330254b6a3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thank You Ques.ons?