SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES compressed …

SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

By Francois Rancy, Director, Radiocommunicatio Bureau, ITUAnd Grace Petrin, ITU-R Communication Officer

(BR/IAP/OPS)

SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES• History of CCIR and the ITU-R Sector • Spectrum for Emerging Technologies Enabled by ITU-R Studies and WRC decisions• The ITU Regulatory Framework for GEO and NON-GEO SAT Communication Systems• New satellites services enabled by ITU-R Study Groups and WRC decisions• ITU-R Study Groups and WRC decisions enable global navigation and Earth monitoring• ITU achievements for Broadcasting• Spectrum Management activities within ITU-R

History of CCIR and ITU-R Sector

90 years of global collaboration among ITU membership

The Radiotelegraph Conference (Washington, 1927)created the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR)

1927 – CREATION OF CCIR

In 1947, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) became a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).

ITU was composed of the General Secretariat, theInternational Frequency Registration Board (IFRB),the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT), and the International Radiocommunication Consultative Committee (CCIR) for radio.

ITU JOINS THE UN FAMILY

In 1992, the ITU was streamlined into three Sectors:

• Radiocommunication (ITU‐R)

• Telecommunication Standardization (ITU‐T)

• Telecommunication Development (ITU‐D)

1992 ‐ NewITU Structure

EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ITU RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES

SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

•Principles and techniques

•Spectrum sharing

•Spectrum monitoring

•Spectrum utilization strategies

•Economic approaches

ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 1

• Propagation in ionized and non‐ionized media

• Point‐to‐point and Earth‐space propagation

• Prediction methods

• Radio noise


RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION

•Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization

•Early warning and relief operations

•Equipment and performance standards for:

‐ fixed‐satellite services (FSS)

‐ broadcasting‐satellite services (BSS)

‐ mobile‐satellite services (MSS)

‐ radio‐determination‐satellite services (RDSS)

SATELLITE SERVICES


Non‐Geostationary satellite constellations

•Fixed

•Land mobile (3G, 4G, 5G)

•Maritime mobile

•Aeronautical mobile

•Radiodetermination

•Amateur

TERRESTRIAL SERVICES


IMT-2020: 5G USAGE SCENARIOS

BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY VIA HAPS

GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESSAND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS)

•Programme production

•Programme assembly

•Terrestrial broadcasting delivery

•Reception quality


BROADCASTING SERVICE

•Space operation

•Space research

•Earth exploration

•Radio astronomy

•Standard frequency and time signals

SCIENCE SERVICES


• Preparedness

• Disaster prediction

• Detection

• Early warning/Alerting

• Relief

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

ITU‐R STUDY GROUPS 5 & 7

•ITU‐R Recommendations

•ITU‐R Reports and Handbooks

•Technical bases for radio conferences

•Service publications

ITU-R PRODUCTS - PUBLICATIONS

•Master International Frequency Register (MIFR)

• Space and Terrestrial Frequency Plans

• Notice processing and calculation software

• Emergency Database

•Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System (MARS)

• Global Administration Data System (GLAD)

ITU-R PRODUCTSSOFTWARE and DATABASES

G L A D

TheINTERNATIONAL

TREATYfor all

radiocommunications

ITU RADIO REGULATIONS

ITU enabling the Wireless Ecosystem

HIGH‐LEVEL SESSIONITU ENABLING THEWIRELESS ECOSYSTEM

ITU Interregional Workshop on WRC-19 Preparation (Geneva, 21-22 November 2017)

Spectrum for Emerging TechnologiesEnabled by ITU-R Studies

and WRC decisions

Broadband connectivity via High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS)

Fixed and mobile broadband,Extension of cellular networks,

Backhauling for Mobile Broadbandto underserved communities

WRC‐97600 MHz of spectrum in the 47/48 GHz band (fixed

users)

WRC‐2000600 MHz in 27/31 GHz (fixed) and 170 MHz in 2GHz (mobile

users)

WRC‐12160 MHz in the 6 GHz band in

five countries (gateways)

WRC‐19 will consider the needs in high

capacity bands for HAPS evolution, with candidates at 21 GHz,

26 GHz and 38 GHz

Frequencies identified in the Radio Regulations for use by HAPS:

20 – 50 km altitude, large service area

Source: www.thalesgroup.comSource: Airbus DS

Frequencies for wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC)

Wiring nowA380: wire count 100 000; length 470 km; weight 5 700 kg

WAIC will make new generation of aircraft more reliable, light, less fuel consuming and environmentally friendly

Wireless sensors in futureConnection of sensors (doors,

gears, engine…)

WRC‐15allocated 200 MHz (4 200 – 4 400 MHz) for WAIC allowing replacement of cables in future

aircraft

Command and control links for unmanned aircraft system (UAS)

WRC‐15 decisions, pave the way for commercial utilization of UAS after 2023

WRC‐12Allocation of spectrum in the 5 GHz band for terrestrial

component of UAS

WRC‐15Designation of 8 Ku/Ka

bands for space component of UAS after 2023

WRC‐23To establish regulations for FSS utilization for UAS

Future integration of UAS into civil air spaceReliable radiolinks are critical for UAS command and control

Source: http://www.sittard‐creatif.nl Source: REYNALDO RAMON Wikimedia commons

Broadband connectivity via Earth Stations in Motion (ESIM)

WRC‐15 decisions, supported by ITU‐R Study Groups, facilitate the increased use and further development of ESIM, paving the way for satellite systems to provide global broadband connectivity on mobile platforms such as ships, aircraft, and land vehicles

WRC‐15Set conditions for ESIM operation using the

bands 19.7‐20.2 GHz and 29.5‐30.0 GHz

in all Regions

WRC‐19Address the use of the bands

17.7‐19.7 GHz and 27.5‐29.5 GHz

for ESIM operation

High growing demand for broadband satellitecommunications to mobile platforms

Frequencies around 20/30 GHz have been identified as a primary focus for new systems

ITU maintains 7x24 on‐line worldwide database of ships and coast stations

We issue the following publications for GMDSS:

ITU provides frequencies and proceduresto enable distress and safety at sea

769 000 ships 2 200 coast stations

WRC‐19 will consider GMDSS modernization

User‐friendly manual for mariners

Safety of life at the sea - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)

The ITU Regulatory Framework for Geostationary SatelliteCommunication Systems

Source: SRS Database of Aug 2017

COORDINATION2112 Satellite Networks57 Administrations

RECORDED in MIFR1130 Satellite Networks

45 Administrations342 unique orbital positions

Geostationary Satellite Networks

113EPALAPA‐B2PALAPA‐C1PALAPA‐C1‐KINFOSAT‐BKOREASAT‐113EKOREASAT‐113XKOREASAT‐2

113EAMS‐C8‐113EAMS‐C8‐113E_1CHINASAT‐E‐113ECHINASAT‐E‐113E_1HANSAT‐113EKOREASAT‐113KKTSAT‐113EPALAPA‐C1‐B

GSO Satellites

Terrestrial

Transmitting Earth Station

Receiving Earth Station

Interference

Sharing situation for GSO

Power-flux density limits (PFD)

Articles 21, 22 of Radio Regulations

EIRP, Power limits & minimum elevation

Articles 21 of Radio Regulations

Power-flux density limits aimed to protect all different applications in terrestrial services

Terrestrial

Off-axis EIRP

Downlink PFD

CCoordination

NNotification

7/8 years

Multi Stage Procedures

Plan(FSS & BSS)

No Modification

The ITU Regulatory Framework for Geostationary Satellite Communication Systems

The ITU Regulatory Framework for Non-Geostationary Satellite

Communication Systems

In March 2017, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau initiated the compliance check with respect to EPFD limits of all proposed non-GSO FSS Systems to ensure protection of GSO and to guarantee

development of new applications in satellite communications

Non-Geostationary Satellite Networks

500 to 40 000 km satellite orbit altitude From 1 satellite to Mega constellations

of up‐to 4000 satellites

More than 40 projects of non‐GSO systems in the Fixed‐satellite service(non GSO FSS) submitted to the ITU since 2014

In March 2017, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau initiated the compliance checkwith respect to EPFD limits of all proposed non‐GSO FSS Systems to ensure protection of GSO

and to guarantee development of new applications in satellite communications

Protection of Geostationary Satellite NetworksAll non‐GSO FSS projects use the same

frequency bands as GSO FSSThe question is ‘How to protect GSO’?

WRC‐2000 establishedEquivalent Power Flux Density (EPFD) Limits in the Radio Regulations from non‐GSO FSS

to protect GSO networks

EPFD verification requires calculation of interference from all interference sources originating in the non‐GSO system into any

possible GSO system at any point of the EarthAggregate Effect – the Radio Regulations also specify aggregate EPFD Limits to be met by all

non‐GSO FSS systems in order toprotect GSO FSS systems

New satellites services enabled by ITU-R Study Groups

and WRC decisions

Satellite systems for Global Flight Tracking (GFT)

Satellite tracking

complements terrestrial tracking e.g. radars, HF communications

Use of satellite systems to provide GFT improves aircraft tracking and is especially important for polar,

oceanic and remote areas

WRC‐15 allocated the band1087.7–1092.3 MHz for satellite reception of tracking signals

compliant with ICAO standards

Need for continuousaircraft surveillance

Became an international priority following disappearance of MH370

Broadband connectivity via High Throughput Satellites (HTS)

Increasing demand for:‐ 4G / 5G backhaul

‐ HD / UHDTV (4K, 8K)‐ Interactive TV

‐ high‐speed Internet accessto individual homes / offices‐ enterprise networking

Demand for capacity will grow by 27% in the next 10 years*

HTS capacity 100‐300 Gbits/s increasingto more than 1 Tbit/s by 2020*

* According to NSR (Northern Sky Research)

HTS carry antennas that generate a large number of very narrow steerable beams which carry high‐powered signals

Broadband connectivity via HTSis particularly useful for the

provision of broadband servicesin rural or remote areas

and is therefore an essential elementin connecting the unconnectedand bridging the digital divide

ITU-R Study Groupsand WRC decisions

enable global navigationand Earth monitoring

Global Radionavigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

11% a yearWorld economy growth relying

on GNSS

244 billion Euro by 2020 (ESA)

GNSS global revenue (SIA)GNSS

IntelligentTransportSystems

Search andRescue

(Cospas‐Sarsat)

Aeronauticalnavigation,

rescue & safetyAgriculture Science

Earth Observation and Meteorological Satellites

4.9 billion Euro/yearbenefit of

weather forecast (EU)

Cost of aNatural Disastercan be up to

235 billion USD

1 Euro to preparednessgives 4‐7 Eurosavings during

recovery operations

ITU‐R Study Groups and WRCs develop the technical and regulatory frameworks forthe sustainable development and protection of GNSS, EESS and Space Science services

and applications.

These frameworks enable efficient sharing of spectrum with otherradiocommunication services, within and interference‐free environment.

Environmental data

‐ Atmospheric chemistry (atmospheric pollution levels)

‐ Water temperature/salinity

‐ Coastal erosion ‐ Forest site and

biomass evolution‐ Soil moisture‐ Polar ice extension

and depth‐ Land usage‐ Security‐ Mining investigation

Disaster management

‐ Coastal hazards/tsunamis

‐ Drought‐ Earthquakes‐ Extreme

weather/tornados‐ Flooding‐ Landslides‐ Pollution

(e.g. oil spills)‐ Sea and lake ice‐ Volcanoes eruptions‐ Wild land fires

Economy development

‐ Urban planning support‐ High resolution

mapping‐ Fishing stocks

localization‐ Agricultural productivity‐ Water preserving

ITU achievements for Broadcasting

ITU produces global technical standards from program production to signal transmission

ITU hamonises global use of frequency bands

To enable ubiquitous and affordable Radio and

Television

Inform, Educate and Entertain – Broadcasting Service

Use 20 timesless spectrum

Interactiveand accessibility

service

Portableand mobile reception

Better picture and

sound quality

First in ITU history, huge spectrum dividends

“Golden” 700‐800 MHz bands for IMT mobile service (WRC‐12/15)

ITU‐R adopted more than 100 Recommendations laying the path for transition from analogue to digital TV

ITU is also helping in organizing spectrum for this transition (e.g. GE06‐Agreement) between European, African, Arab and Central Asian Countries

Digital Television (DTV) Revolution

One 16x9 aspect ratioOne compression technique H.264One 1920x1080 pixel configuration

Same bandwidth as analogue systems

In 1990, ITU approved Recommendation ITU‐R BT.709 for a single HDTV program standard

High Definition Television (HDTV)

High Dynamic Range

Immersive Advanced Sounds

Higher contrast, vivid colors and brighter images

Wide Color Gamut

In 2012, ITU approved Recommendation ITU‐R BT.2020 for a single global UHDTV program standard

Global Advanced Standards for Television

Spectrum Management activities within ITU-RITU-R develops standards and best practices on spectrum management,

for use by national authorities to plan, coordinate, regulate, authorize andmonitor the use of spectrum resources and prevent harmful interference

National Regulations on Spectrum

ITU Radio Regulations and Regional Agreements form the basis of the international regulationsto be observed by National Authorities in the use of spectrum and orbit resources.

National Authorities convert these mandatory instruments into national laws and regulationsto ensure the rational, efficient and effective use of spectrum, free of interference.

‐National Table of Frequency Allocations ‐National Rules and procedures to access spectrum, clarifying the rights and obligations

Licensing

National Authorities authorize the use of the frequency spectrum through:

‐ a license authorizing an operator to use a specific part of the spectrum resourcewith rights and obligations (e.g. coverage, quality of service)

‐ a general authorization for the shared use of some frequency bands between many users(e.g. ISM bands) under stringent conditions of use (e.g. non‐interference/non‐protection basis, equipment certification, power limitations)

New licensing approaches to increase reuse of spectrum, including dynamically, and associated challenges are being developed and studied in ITU‐R, relying on new regulatory and technical

solutions, including License‐Shared Access, spectrum use database, cognitive radio systems (CRS).

Economic Aspects

ITU‐R Recommendations, Reports and Handbooks provide principles, guidelines andbest practices on the economic aspects of spectrum management, covering in particular,

authorization, spectrum pricing, re‐farming and monitoring processes.

Automation of Spectrum Management Activities

ITU‐R studies are continuing on a further automation of the spectrum management monitoring activities towards a more efficient use of spectrum

ITU-R and the path to 5GFor over 30 years, ITU has been developing the standards and spectrum arrangements to support International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)

1G analogue systems provided two key improvements over the first radiotelephone services: ‐ the invention of the microprocessor; and‐ digitization of the control link between the mobile phone and the cell site.

1970s

Frequencies for mobile services allocatedin the Radio Regulations

First Generation (1G)

2G systems digitized not only the control linkbut also the voice signal ‐ better quality andhigher capacity at lower cost.

Regional/global operation was hampered by:‐ multiple incompatible standards; ‐ different frequency bands and channelsin different parts of the world.

1980s‐1990s

ITU‐R develops the international mobile telecommunication system (IMT) to address these issues – first global IMT frequencies identified at WRC‐92

Second Generation (2G)

ITU’s IMT‐2000 global standard for 3G unanimously approved at the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly 2000 – digital voice and data.

Global standard and harmonized frequencies:‐ global roaming;‐ massive economies of scale;‐ innovative applications and services.

2000s

WRC‐2000 and WRC‐07 identify additional frequencybands for IMT in the Radio Regulations

IMT‐2000 – Third Generation (3G)

IMT‐Advanced specifications approved at the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly 2012 ‐packet‐based, multi‐media, high data rates.

Mobile broadband becomes the main method of accessing the Internet

2010s

WRC‐15 harmonizes and identifies additional frequencybands for IMT in the Radio Regulations

IMT‐Advanced – Fourth Generation (4G)

IMT‐2020 specifications scheduled for completion in 2020:

‐ Gigabit data rates and enhanced performance for mobile broadband

‐ Support for billions of smart devices

‐ Responsive and ultra‐reliable communications for mission critical applications

2020s

WRC‐19 will consider which frequencies above 24 GHzcould be identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations

IMT‐2020 – Fifth Generation (5G)

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