Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Doped Glasses....

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Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Doped Glasses

Anderson S. L. [email protected]

Department of PhysicsUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco

Recife, PE, Brazil

Lecture II

Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Doped Glasses

Lessons Plan

Part II – Upconversion spectroscopyand Applications of REDG

II.1 Up-conversion Spectroscopy II.2 REDG Ceramics

Applications of REDGII.3 REDG for LasersII.4 REDG for Fiber Lasers and AmplifiersII.5 REDG Planar and Channel WaveguidesII.6 REDG Microbarcodes

Literature

Upconversion spectroscopy

II.1 UpconversionSpectroscopy


Energy Transfer

R-2 dependence allows long range energy diffusion photon trapping effects

Photon trapping increases apparent experimental lifetime!


Let us take as example case 1(b)

For dipole-dipole interaction, the transfer probability can be written as (Förster, 1948) :

(Dexter, 1953)


Mechanisms for upconversion

Single ion resonant processes

(a) Sequential TPA (Two photon absorption) (or more!)(b) SHG (second harmonic generation)

(c) TPAII.1 UpconversionSpectroscopy

Two ions resonant processes



Two photon upconversion processes efficiencies

IR pumped upconversion in thulium doped fiber


Cross relaxation


• Leads to FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING

•Strong dependence on ions concentration

R. Balda, Fernándeza, I. Saéz de Ocáriza, J. L. Adam, A. Mendioroz and E. MontoyaOpt. Mat. 13, 159-165 (1999)


Cooperative absorption


See more in Auzel’s review article

Photon avalanche


Case, W. E.; Koch, M. E.; Kueny, A. W. J. Lumin. 1990, 45, 351.


REDG CeramicsSeveral products:

Cook-top panelsdinnerwareelectronicsmedicinedentistry

•Tough materials•Zero ou negative thermal

expansion•Can be madeTRANSPARENT!

http://www.ch.seikei.ac.jp/kojima/Environmental/index%201.htm

REDG Ceramics

II.2 REDG Ceramics

Rare Earth doped transparent glass-ceramicsM. Mortier, M. Génotelle, G. Patriarche

http://www.solgel.com/articles/Dec00/glass/envitromm.html


REDG Ceramics

•Crystal sizes well below incident light wavelength present negligible attenuation due to scattering!(Rayleigh-Gans theory).

•Requires a refractive index difference <0.1between amorphous and crystalline phases.

Driving applications:

large telescope mirror blanksliquid crystal displayssolar cellsphotonic devices (lasers, amplifiers,

upconverters, etc)

II.2 REDG Ceramics


Germanate oxyfluorides glass of the family :(50GeO250-yPbOyPbF2+xErF3)

y, y=[10,20] x=[0,4]


II.2 REDG Ceramics

Other glass ceramics:

Silicate oxyfluorideTellurite oxyhallidesand more (see M C G review).

II.2 REDG Ceramics

Applications of REDG

II.3 REDG for LasersII.4 REDG for Fiber Lasers and

AmplifiersII.5 REDG Planar and Channel

WaveguidesII.6 REDG Microbarcodes

REDG for LasersNd:YAG (crystal), Nd:Glass

II.3 REDG forLASERS

Typical pump geometries

II.3 REDG forLASERS

Niche application

II.3 REDG forLASERS

REDG for Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers

II.3 REDG forFiber Lasersand amplifiers

Thulium doped upconversion fiber laser


Fiber Amplifiers


Optical Amplifiers Diversity

REDFA, such as:

4I11/2

4I13/2

4I15/2

EDFA

3F2&3

3H4

3F43H5

3H6

TDFA

1G4

3F4

3H5

3H4

PDFAII.3 REDG forFiber Lasersand amplifiers

parallel

MU

X MU

Xparallel

MU

X MU

Xseriesseries

HYBRIDS

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0 Tm3+ (f12)3H4 -> 3F4

0.1% Tm2O

3 in Germanate-Glass

0.2% Tm3+ in ZBLAN 810 nm Laser Line

(2nd Harmonic)

Em

issi

on In

tens

ity [a

.u.]

Wavelength [nm]


Importance of the host glass

+ S-band emission: 3H4 → 3F4

+ Conversion efficiency+ Low loss in non-operation+ Diode pump sources

– Multi-phonon relaxation– Material reliability– Lifetime bottleneck– Complex pump schemes

Importance of understanding REES-band (1450nm-1510nm) TDFA

3F2&3

3H4

3H5

3F4

3H6

1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

Inte

nsity

(a. u

.)

Wavelength (nm)


TDFA TDFA –– Pumping SchemesPumping SchemesSingle wavelength pumpSingle wavelength pump

3F2

3H4

3H5

3F4

3H6

0,48µm

2,3µm

3F3

1G4

1,05µm 1,9µm 0,8µm

1,05µm

1,05µm

1,47µm 4

8

12

16

20

1,41µm

1,41µm

1,47µm

1,41µm

2,3µm

1,9µm 0,8µm

•Komukai and co-workers, IEEE J.Quant. Electr. 31, 1880 (1995).

•Aozasa and co-workers, Elect. Lett. 37, 1157 (2001).

1455 1460 1465 1470 1475 1480 1485 14900

2

4

6

NF

[dB]

Wavelength [nm]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Gai

n [d

B]

Gain and NF as function of the signal wavelength. The pump powers are:

400mW, 300mW and 150mW.


1410nm1240nmRef. [1]

10501410[2]

10601560[3]

14101560[4]

1410800[5]

1050800[6]

1400690[7]

1050690[7]

3 F 23 F 33 F 4

3 H53 H4

3 H6

3 F 23 F 33 F 4

3 H53 H4

3 H6

Dual-wavelength pump schemes (preferred, more efficient)

References[1] F. Roy, Electron. Lett. 37, 2001, 943[2] B. Cole, Proc. OFC 2001, paper TuQ3[3] T. Kasamatsu, Opt. Lett. 24, 1999, 1684[4] T. Kasamatsu, Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 2001, 433[5] F. Roy, OSA TOP, 60, 2001, 24[6] A.S.L. Gomes, Opt. Lett. 28, 2003, 334[7] S.S-H. Yam, Proc. OFC 2005, paper OWF4

. ,


800nm 1050nm

1470nm

3F23F3

3H4

3H5

3H6

3F4

FB2 9:15am POST-DEADLINE OFC 2002

Novel dual wavelength (1050 nm + 800 nm)pumping scheme for thulium doped fiber amplifiersA.S.L.Gomes, M.L. Sundheimer, M.T.Carvalho, J.F. Martins-Filho, C.J.A.Bastos-Filho, Univ. Federal de Pernambuco,Brazil; W. Margulis, ACREO, Sweden.Contact e-mail: [email protected]

800nmGSA – Populates directly the higher amplifying level

1050nmESA - Depopulates the lower level + populate the higher level

800nm+1050nm Pump Scheme for TDFA800nm+1050nm Pump Scheme for TDFA


Single pumped:1050nm (80mW)

Dual pumped:1050nm (80mW)+800nm (73mW)

Dual pumpedNoise figure

Results for the 800+1050nm pumping schemeResults for the 800+1050nm pumping scheme

L = 18m, 2000ppm ZBLAN, Ps= L = 18m, 2000ppm ZBLAN, Ps= --27dBm27dBm

1460 1470 1480 1490 15000

5

10

15

20

25

Fibe

r Gai

n an

d NF

[dB]

Signal wavelength [nm]

TuneableS-bandLaser

Yb-fiber Laser1050nm or

1410nm Raman Laser Ti:S Laser

~800nm

WDMTDF

Isolator

OSA

TuneableS-bandLaser

Yb-fiber Laser1050nm or

1410nm Raman Laser Ti:S Laser

~800nm

WDMTDF

Isolator

OSA



Fiber Amplifiers

REDG Planar and Channel Waveguides

II.4 REDG planar andchannelwaveguides

Ion exchange, 8mm long, 2-10µm width, ∆n = 8.7x10-3

Silicate glass, 16%Na2O, 2%Nd2O3, K+ ↔ Na+


• Employs µm size glass barcodes• UV excited fluorescences• APPLICATION: Bioessays

Advantages of REDG

- High quantum efficiencies- Noninterference with common

fluorescence labels- Inertness to most organics and

aqueous solvents

> 106 distinguishable possibilities

II.5 REDG microbarcodes

II.5 REDG microbarcodes

Break time!!!!!!

Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Doped Glasses....

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