Specific Pediatric Conditions

SOURCE:

StudyGuideZone.com

Wilm’s tumor: kidney tumor found in children. Cause: unknown/possible genetic link. Tumor will spread to other regions. Sometimes children will be born with aniridia. Do not exert pressure over the abdomen.

Symptoms: Fever Vomiting Fatigue Irregular urine coloration Abdominal pain Constipation Abdominal mass Increased BP

Tests: BUN Creatinine Analysis of the urine X-ray CT Scan Family history of cancer CBC

Treatment: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation

Neuroblastoma: tumor in children that starts from nervous tissue. Capable of spreading rapidly. Cause

unknown. Symptoms: Abdominal

mass Skin color

changes Fatigue Tachycardia Motor paralysis Anxiety Diarrhea Random eye

movements Bone and joint

pain Labored

breathing

Tests: Bone scan CBC MIBG scan Catecholamines tests X-ray CT scan MRI

Treatment: Radiation Chemotherapy Surgery Monitor the patient for: Kidney failure Metastasis Various Organ system failures Liver failure

Cerebral palsy: Cerebrum injury causing multiple

nerve function deficits. Types: Spastic CP 50% Ataxic CP Dyskinetic CP 20%

Mixed CP Symptoms: Poor respiration status Mental retardation Spasticity Speech and language deficits Delayed motor and sensory development Seizures Joint contractions

Tests: Sensory and Motor Skill testing Check for spasticity CT scan/MRI EEGTreatment: PT/OT/ST Surgery Seizure medications Spasticity reducing medication

Croup: trouble breathing in infants and children that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies or foreign objects. Primarily, caused by viruses.

Symptoms: Labored breathing Symptoms increased at

night. Noisy cough Stridor

Tests: X-rays Monitor the patient for: Respiratory arrest Atelectasis

Treatment: Acetaminophen Steroid medications Intubation Nebulizers Dehydration Epiglottitis

Kawasaki disease: a disease that affects young children primarily. Unknown origin probable autoimmune disease. Attacks the heart, blood vessels, and lymph nodes.

Symptoms: Fever Joint pain Swollen lymph nodes Peripheral edema Rashes Papillae on the tongue Chapped/Red lips Tests: CBC Presence of pyuria Chest X-ray ECGH ESR Urine Analysis

Treatment: Gamma globulin Salicylate treatment

Monitor the patient for: Coronary aneurysm MI Vasculitis

Pyloric stenosis: a narrowing of the opening between the intestine and stomach. Most

common in infants. May have genetic factors Symptoms: Diarrhea Abdominal pain Belching Vomiting Weight loss Tests: Abdomen distended Barium X-ray US Electrolyte imbalance

Vaccinations Attenuated – Varicella, MMR Inactivated – Influenza Toxoid – Tetanus/Diptheria Biosynthetic – Hib conjugate vaccine

Treatment: Surgery IV fluids

Tetralogy of Fallot- 4 heart defects that are congenital. Poorly oxygenated blood is

pumped to the body’s tissues. 4 factors: Right ventricular

hypertrophy Ventricular septal

defect Aorta from both

ventricles Stenosis of the

pulmonic outflow tract

Symptoms: Poor weight gain Cyanosis Death Limited infant feeding Clubbing SOB

Tests: Chest X-ray EKG Echocardiogram Heart Catheterization CBC Heart Murmur

Treatment: Surgery Small meals Limit child’s anxiety

Monitor the patient for: Seizures Poor overall development Cyanois

Atrial septal defect- congenital opening between the atria. Symptoms: Dyspnea Reoccurring infections

(respiratory) SOB Palpitations Irregular heart

rhythm/sounds

Tests: Catheterization Echocardiography ECG MRI

Treatment: Surgery Antibiotics

Monitor the patient for: Heart failure A fib. Pulmonary Htn. Endocarditis

Ventricular septal defect- opening between the ventricles of the heart.

Symptoms: Poor weight gain Labored

breathing Profuse

sweating SOB Poor color Irregular heart

beat Respiratory

infections reoccurring

Tests: Ausculatation Echocardiogram ECG Chest X-ray Treatment: Digoxin Surgery Digitalis

Monitor the patient for: Endocarditis Pulmonary Htn. Aortic insufficiency Limited growth and development Arrhythmias CHF

Patent ductus arteriosus: open blood vessel (ductus ateriosus) that does not close after

birth. Symptoms: SOB Limited feeding

Tests: ECG Echocardiogram Heart murmur

Chest X-ray

Treatment: Surgery Indomethacin Decrease fluid volumes

Monitor the patient for: Surgical complications Endocarditis Heart failure

Aortic coarctation: aorta becomes narrow at

some point due to a birth defect Symptoms: Headache Hypertension with activity Nose bleeding Fainting SOB

Tests: Check BP Doppler US Chest CT MRI Cardiac catheterization

Treatment: Surgery

Monitor the patient for: Stroke Heart failure Aortic aneurysm Htn CAD Endocarditis Aortic dissection