Specific aspects of radiographic inspection performed on fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles
1
41277 Polansky, D.; Criscuolo, E.; Berger, H.; Jones, T.S. Development of graded reference radiographs for aluminum welds. Phase 1 Industrial Quality Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland (United States) AD-A195 594/7/GAR, 33 pp. (Mar. 1988) The purpose of this project was to develop a data bank for graded sets of reference radiographs of aluminum welds. These arc extremely valuable for procurements related to ships, aircraft, other vehicles, construction and similar projects that include aluminum welds, and serve as a recognized way of acceptance or rejection of welds. A present set of reference radiographs are used for steel welds. During this project, a data bank of production radiographs of aluminum welds was collected. Several thousand radiographs are presently in the data bank. From this data bank, a set of proposed reference radiographs has been assembled. These include five grades of reference radiographs for three types of porosity, fine scattered porosity, coarse scattered porosity and linear porosity. The suggested reference radiograph document also includes three grades of clustered porosity, two illustrations of inadequate penetration, two illustrations of tungsten inclusions, and examples of longitudinal and transverse cracks, lack of fusion and undercut. 41171 Halmshaw, R. Introduction to the non-destructive testing of welded joints The Welding Institute, UK, 103 pp. (1988) ISBN 0 85300189 8 The whole spectrum of NDT methods is covered by the book: visual inspection, penetrant methods: magnetic methods: radiography: ultrasonics: and new developments. The style of the book makes it suitable for a wide readership. It provides: an introduction and helpmate for NDT operators, a textbook for students of welding technology, a source of reference for QA personnel, information for engineers and managers concerned with manufac- turing by welding. 41063 Spremo, N.; Begovic, B.; Doko, A. Specific aspects of radiographic inspection performed on fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1143-1148. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. High operating parameter vessels, equipped with small diameter,pipe nozzles connected to the vessel shell by means of welding procedure are used in thermal power, petrochemical, nuclear and other vital plants, it is necessary to make a 100% range radiographic inspection of such, usually fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles. The paper presents experience gained in the selection of radiographic inspection method on fillet welds of pipe nozzles with a 100 mm internal diameter and 25 mm wall thickness on vital vessel for nuclear power plant. 41011 Ushiyama,A.; Nishifuji, K.; Hisakawa, H. The enchancement of signal to noise ratio in an ultrasonic inspection of UOE anstenitic clad pipe welds Proceedings of-the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 980-982. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The longitudinal welds of austenitic UOE clad pipes are now inspected by the X-ray radiographic method because of the low signal-to-noise ratio in ultrasonic testing which is usual for UOE pipes of carbon steels. To establish a guarantee of its quality ultrasonically, optimization of a longitudinal wave technique was carried out based on frequency domain analysis. As the results for the NI0 notch of given sample clad pipes, good signal to noise ratio is successfully obtained by using an adequate band pass filter, and it is shown that the main troublesome spurious echo is caused by the transverse mode- conversion at the austcnitic interface of welds. 40942 Skordev, A.; Tosheva, V.; Georgiev, S. Computer-aided process planning for non-destructive testing Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 264-266. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. This paper considers the possibility of using personal computers for nondestructive testing (NDT) process planning and evaluates the level of the developed algorithm-based typified NDT processes. The software package developed covers the inspection of butt welds, sheets and tubes using a variety of techniques including ultrasonic, magnetic and radiographic methods. 40847 Berger, H.; Polansky, D.; Criscuolo, E.L. A data bank for graded reference radiographs of aluminum welds Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 86-89. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989 A set of graded reference radiographs of aluminum welds has been assembled. The set covers the thickness range from 9.5 to 19mm for aluminum in the 5000 and 6000 series alloys. The set includes five grades for three types of porosity, fine scattered, coarse scattered and linear; three grades of clustered porosity; two illustrations of inadequate penetration and tungsten inclusions and examples of longitudinal and transverse cracks, lack of fusion and undercut. This will serve as an interim set until a more formal graded reference radiograph document becomes available. 40760 Troitskii, V.A.; Borovikov, A.S.; Rad'ko, V.P.; Baldakov, V.F.; Posypaiko, Yu.N.; Demidko, V.G.; Shindin, N.L Handbook for equipment for non-destructive testing of welded joints (In Russian) 252601 Kiev 1 (USSR), 126 pp., Teknika (1987) A review is given of the characteristics of basic types of instrumentation and auxiliary techniques for radiation, ultrasonic, magnetic, eddy-current and dye-penetrant non-destructive testing. Summaries of 'GOST' Soviet State Standards and instrumental data relating to welded joint testing are included. 40329 Daum, W.; Heidt, H.; Rose, P.; Builtjes, J.H. Real time evaluation of weld radiographs by digital image processing Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom) 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 3, pp. 1568-1574. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988). In this article some basic aspects of the hardware and software adaption for real time image analysis of weld radiographs are discussed and an optimized image analysis strategy is presented. 40325 Liu Yongquan. X-ray radiographic inspection of rotary workpiece by continuous exposure method Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Vancouver (Canada), Apr. 1987, pp. 554-566. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL-9394 (Mar. 1987) The theory of radiographic inspection of rotary workpieces by the continuous exposure method, its characteristic parameters and the choice of technological conditions, are discussed. This technique is used to penetrate the workpiece continuously with a beam of x-rays along the entire circumference. The method can be used for testing some kinds of welded seams such as circumference welds circle fillet welds, unregulated circumference and other weld being in the shape of circles. 40322 Xiutang, He; Shaopeng. Lu. X-ray transmission of defect information and interpretation Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Vancouver (Canada), Apr. 1987, pp. 530-541. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL-9394 (Mar. 1987) This paper briefly investigates the nature of image forming mechanism of macroscopic seam defects on a film under radiographic test of a welded component. The modulation, and distortion of the information of welding defects is briefly discussed. 40133 Rokhlin, S.I.; Guu, A.C.; Applegate, D.E. In-process radiography of arc weld Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7B, pp. 1581-1588. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. This paper summarizes some results for in-process evaluation of weld penetration for submerged arc welding. Submerged arc welding is distinguished from other welding techniques in that the welding pool is covered by a thick layer of special powder which is called 'welding flux'. During welding this flux melts and shields the arc while the molten metals pool preventing metal oxidation. Duc to this situation, it is impossible to observe the pool by optical means. ~-ray penetrating radiation can be effectively used for pool observation, weld path tracking, and observation of volume defects. 40126 Russell, S.F. Digital image acquisition for x-ray image processing Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 713-722. Edited by D.D. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. Digital image analysis applied to the x-ray inspection of wcldments and castings is becoming a practical and reasonable-cost technology. The image analysis research being conducted by the Center for NDE at Iowa State University is focussed on developing image processing algorithms that will improve the visual quality of x-ray images. The subsequent noise reduction and contrast enhancement make the images easier to analyze and help reduce operator fatigue. Although real-time x-ray image acquisition and analysis is the ultimate goal of much of the industry, the need still exists for digital analysis of radiographs. Because of this, the Center has decided to begin its effort using radiographs. In this paper the technical issues involved in obtaining the best possible digital images from radiographs are discussed. The goal of this paper will be to describe the process of digital image acquisition and discuss techniques that minimize these undesirable characteristics. 39912 Efanov, V.P.; Semenov, A. Yu. X-ray residual-stress determination on large specimens and structures Industrial Laboratory, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 168-170 (Aug. 1988) A portable goniometer has been developed which offers increased accuracy and reduced recording time. This specialized diffractometer produces rapid residual-stress analyses on large specimens or natural objects, specifically steel from a large welded structure, which included manual and automatic welds. Substantial differences were observed in stress distributions in the manual and automatic welded zones. N DT& E International August 1991 217
Transcript of Specific aspects of radiographic inspection performed on fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles
41277 Polansky, D.; Criscuolo, E.; Berger, H.; Jones, T.S. Development of graded reference radiographs for aluminum welds. Phase 1 Industrial Quality Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland (United States) AD-A195 594/7/GAR, 33 pp. (Mar. 1988)
The purpose of this project was to develop a data bank for graded sets of reference radiographs of aluminum welds. These arc extremely valuable for procurements related to ships, aircraft, other vehicles, construction and similar projects that include aluminum welds, and serve as a recognized way of acceptance or rejection of welds. A present set of reference radiographs are used for steel welds. During this project, a data bank of production radiographs of aluminum welds was collected. Several thousand radiographs are presently in the data bank. From this data bank, a set of proposed reference radiographs has been assembled. These include five grades of reference radiographs for three types of porosity, fine scattered porosity, coarse scattered porosity and linear porosity. The suggested reference radiograph document also includes three grades of clustered porosity, two illustrations of inadequate penetration, two illustrations of tungsten inclusions, and examples of longitudinal and transverse cracks, lack of fusion and undercut.
41171 Halmshaw, R. Introduction to the non-destructive testing of welded joints The Welding Institute, UK, 103 pp. (1988) ISBN 0 85300189 8
The whole spectrum of NDT methods is covered by the book: visual inspection, penetrant methods: magnetic methods: radiography: ultrasonics: and new developments. The style of the book makes it suitable for a wide readership. It provides: an introduction and helpmate for NDT operators, a textbook for students of welding technology, a source of reference for QA personnel, information for engineers and managers concerned with manufac- turing by welding.
41063 Spremo, N.; Begovic, B.; Doko, A. Specific aspects of radiographic inspection performed on fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1143-1148. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989.
High operating parameter vessels, equipped with small diameter,pipe nozzles connected to the vessel shell by means of welding procedure are used in thermal power, petrochemical, nuclear and other vital plants, it is necessary to make a 100% range radiographic inspection of such, usually fillet welds of small diameter pipe nozzles. The paper presents experience gained in the selection of radiographic inspection method on fillet welds of pipe nozzles with a 100 mm internal diameter and 25 mm wall thickness on vital vessel for nuclear power plant.
41011 Ushiyama, A.; Nishifuji, K.; Hisakawa, H. The enchancement of signal to noise ratio in an ultrasonic inspection of UOE anstenitic clad pipe welds Proceedings o f - t he 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 980-982. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989.
The longitudinal welds of austenitic UOE clad pipes are now inspected by the X-ray radiographic method because of the low signal-to-noise ratio in ultrasonic testing which is usual for UOE pipes of carbon steels. To establish a guarantee of its quality ultrasonically, optimization of a longitudinal wave technique was carried out based on frequency domain analysis. As the results for the NI0 notch of given sample clad pipes, good signal to noise ratio is successfully obtained by using an adequate band pass filter, and it is shown that the main troublesome spurious echo is caused by the transverse mode- conversion at the austcnitic interface of welds.
40942 Skordev, A.; Tosheva, V.; Georgiev, S. Computer-aided process planning for non-destructive testing Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 264-266. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989.
This paper considers the possibility of using personal computers for nondestructive testing (NDT) process planning and evaluates the level of the developed algorithm-based typified NDT processes. The software package developed covers the inspection of butt welds, sheets and tubes using a variety of techniques including ultrasonic, magnetic and radiographic methods.
40847 Berger, H.; Polansky, D.; Criscuolo, E.L. A data bank for graded reference radiographs of aluminum welds Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 86-89. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989
A set of graded reference radiographs of aluminum welds has been assembled. The set covers the thickness range from 9.5 to 19mm for aluminum in the 5000 and 6000 series alloys. The set includes five grades for three types of porosity, fine scattered, coarse scattered and linear; three grades of clustered porosity; two illustrations of inadequate penetration and tungsten inclusions and examples of longitudinal and transverse cracks, lack of fusion and undercut. This will serve as an interim set until a more formal graded reference radiograph document becomes available.
40760 Troitskii, V.A.; Borovikov, A.S.; Rad'ko, V.P.; Baldakov, V.F.; Posypaiko, Yu.N.; Demidko, V.G.; Shindin, N.L Handbook for equipment for non-destructive testing of welded joints (In Russian) 252601 Kiev 1 (USSR), 126 pp., Teknika (1987)
A review is given of the characteristics of basic types of instrumentation and auxiliary techniques for radiation, ultrasonic, magnetic, eddy-current and dye-penetrant non-destructive testing. Summaries of 'GOST' Soviet State Standards and instrumental data relating to welded joint testing are included.
40329 Daum, W.; Heidt, H.; Rose, P.; Builtjes, J.H. Real time evaluation of weld radiographs by digital image processing Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom) 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 3, pp. 1568-1574. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988).
In this article some basic aspects of the hardware and software adaption for real time image analysis of weld radiographs are discussed and an optimized image analysis strategy is presented.
40325 Liu Yongquan. X-ray radiographic inspection of rotary workpiece by continuous exposure method Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Vancouver (Canada), Apr. 1987, pp. 554-566. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL-9394 (Mar. 1987)
The theory of radiographic inspection of rotary workpieces by the continuous exposure method, its characteristic parameters and the choice of technological conditions, are discussed. This technique is used to penetrate the workpiece continuously with a beam of x-rays along the entire circumference. The method can be used for testing some kinds of welded seams such as circumference welds circle fillet welds, unregulated circumference and other weld being in the shape of circles.
40322 Xiutang, He; Shaopeng. Lu. X-ray transmission of defect information and interpretation Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Vancouver (Canada), Apr. 1987, pp. 530-541. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL-9394 (Mar. 1987)
This paper briefly investigates the nature of image forming mechanism of macroscopic seam defects on a film under radiographic test of a welded component. The modulation, and distortion of the information of welding defects is briefly discussed.
40133 Rokhlin, S.I.; Guu, A.C.; Applegate, D.E. In-process radiography of arc weld Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7B, pp. 1581-1588. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988.
This paper summarizes some results for in-process evaluation of weld penetration for submerged arc welding. Submerged arc welding is distinguished from other welding techniques in that the welding pool is covered by a thick layer of special powder which is called 'welding flux'. During welding this flux melts and shields the arc while the molten metals pool preventing metal oxidation. Duc to this situation, it is impossible to observe the pool by optical means. ~-ray penetrating radiation can be effectively used for pool observation, weld path tracking, and observation of volume defects.
40126 Russell, S.F. Digital image acquisition for x-ray image processing Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 713-722. Edited by D.D. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988.
Digital image analysis applied to the x-ray inspection of wcldments and castings is becoming a practical and reasonable-cost technology. The image analysis research being conducted by the Center for NDE at Iowa State University is focussed on developing image processing algorithms that will improve the visual quality of x-ray images. The subsequent noise reduction and contrast enhancement make the images easier to analyze and help reduce operator fatigue. Although real-time x-ray image acquisition and analysis is the ultimate goal of much of the industry, the need still exists for digital analysis of radiographs. Because of this, the Center has decided to begin its effort using radiographs. In this paper the technical issues involved in obtaining the best possible digital images from radiographs are discussed. The goal of this paper will be to describe the process of digital image acquisition and discuss techniques that minimize these undesirable characteristics.
39912 Efanov, V.P.; Semenov, A. Yu. X-ray residual-stress determination on large specimens and structures Industrial Laboratory, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 168-170 (Aug. 1988)
A portable goniometer has been developed which offers increased accuracy and reduced recording time. This specialized diffractometer produces rapid residual-stress analyses on large specimens or natural objects, specifically steel from a large welded structure, which included manual and automatic welds. Substantial differences were observed in stress distributions in the manual and automatic welded zones.
N DT& E International August 1991 217
