Amrita Bains & Lauren Metropulos Dietetic Interns Viterbo Univerisity.
Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation MUSC Dietetic Interns 2011.
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Transcript of Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation MUSC Dietetic Interns 2011.
Specialized DietsIn-Service Presentation
MUSC Dietetic Interns 2011
Renal Diet
At MUSC a renal diet is ordered for patients with kidney failure.
The kidneys play an important role in body function:– Filtering the blood– Removing waste products– Balancing electrolytes - Sodium and Potassium– Fluid balance
Renal Diet
At MUSC renal diet patients are limited to:– 2000mg Sodium– 2000mg Potassium – 1200mg Phosphorus– Protein intake is monitored and/or restricted on an
individual basis.
High Potassium Foods to Avoid
Fruits:
Vegetables:
Foods to Limit
Milk:
Dairy:
Protein:
Foods to Enjoy
Low Protein:
Low Sodium:
Low Potassium:
Low Phosphorus:
Soaking Potatoes
A special process called “leaching” or soaking helps remove the potassium from potatoes. This can be done at MUSC giving
renal patients more food choices.
Renal Sample Diet
• Dinner2oz grilled pork chop
½ cup rice
½ cup green beans with onion and basil
½ cup applesauce
Dinner Roll
1 cup water with lemon
Low Sodium Diet
At MUSC low sodium diets are given to those who have hypertension (high blood pressure), cardiac, liver or renal disease. o Sodium raises blood pressure.
Low Sodium Diet = 2 grams sodium/day.o Each meal can exceed the sodium
limit by 100 mg.
Why Low Sodium?
Sodium raises blood pressure.
If untreated, high blood pressure will eventually damage the heart, causing:
o Strokeo Heart attacko Heart failure
Foods to Limit
• Sodium is typically higher in processed and convenience foods, such as:o Ham, bacon, sausage, and other deli-style meatso Canned vegetables
• At MUSC low sodium diets do not allow:• Ham, Bacon, or Sausage• Soups (except reduced sodium chicken noodle)• Stir-Fry
Foods to Limit Continued…
Low sodium diets do not allow salt packets to be added to a meal.
If patients complain about their “food with no flavor,” suggest spicing it up with:– Mrs. Dash– Pepper– Lettuce– Tomatoes– Mustard– Green Peppers– Onions
Low Sodium Diet Example
Breakfast:– Veggie Omelet– Wheat Toast– Fruit– Juice– Coffee with Sugar
and Creamer
Carbohydrate Counting
Type 1 Diabetes
What is it?– Insulin not produced in
pancreas– Must supplement with insulin
Who is at risk?– Only 5% of the population– Mostly children and young
adults– Genetics and environment
Type 2 Diabetes
What is it? Increased at risk cultures:
African Americans, Native Americans, Latino
Can have insulin resistance OR insulin shortage
Insulin helps to absorb glucose, so lack of it can lead to diabetic complications.
Carbohydrate Counting Diet
Carbs in food raise blood sugar levels.
Level I, II, III Limits fat, cholesterol, and
salt intake Consuming a consistent
level of carbohydrates avoids spikes in blood sugar!
Foods to Monitor
Breads
Fruits/Starchy Vegetables
Dairy
Sweets
Foods to Enjoy
Non-Starchy Vegetables
Low Fat Cheeses
Eggs/Lean Meats
Dairy with No Added Sugar
Sample Meal – Level II
Lunch – 75 grams of carbohydrates– 1 cup vegetable soup with 4-6
crackers– 1 turkey sandwich (2 slices
whole wheat bread, 1 oz turkey, 1 oz low fat cheese, 1 tsp mayo)
– 1 small apple
Gluten-Free Diet
What is Gluten?
Gluten is protein found in:
– Wheat– Rye– Barley– Oats
Gluten can severely damage the intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients in those with gluten sensitivity.
Foods to Avoid
Wheat Products (Flour)– Breads, Wraps, Pancakes, Waffles,
Cookies, Cereals, etc.
Oatmeal Processed Meats
– Sausage, Deli Meats
Breaded meats– Oven Fried Chicken, Meatloaf
Pasta French Fries Soy Sauce
Foods to Enjoy
Corn Baked Potatoes Soaked Potatoes Rice Meat
– Marinated Chicken Breast, BBQ Chicken, Baked Fish, BBQ Pork, Hamburger Patty
Fruit Vegetables Milk and Milk Products
Gluten-Free Sample Meals
Breakfast:– Rice Krispies with skim milk, fresh
fruit cup, eggs, yogurt
Lunch– Hamburger patty with ketchup,
tossed salad with oil and vinegar, baked potato with margarine and sour cream, sherbet
Dinner– Baked fish with green beans, corn,
tossed salad with oil & vinegar dressing, pudding
Cross-Contamination
Store gluten-free foods separately from foods that contain gluten.
Separate cooking equipment– Pans, pots, plates, etc.
Personal containers for condiments– Peanut butter, mayonnaise, mustard, etc.
Prepare gluten-free foods in a separate area from foods that contain gluten.
– OR sanitize kitchen areas
Toddler Diet – For Ages 12 months to 3 years
Balanced Meals for Healthy Children
Fruits and Vegetables
Small Portions and Finger
Foods
Toddler Diet - Reasoning
Little mouths need little bites – prevent choking.
Children may not be able to use utensils.
Foods to Avoid
Food that has not been cut up
Hot Dogs Grapes Big Sandwiches
Skim MilkSaladTater TotsJunk Food or
Sugary Foods
Diet Jeopardy
MUSC Diet JeopardyRenal Low
SodiumCarbohydrate Gluten Free Toddler
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$100 $100$100 $100
$200 $200 $200 $200
$300 $300 $300 $300
$400 $400 $400 $400
$500 $500 $500 $500
Final Jeopardy
Thank You!