Special EducationHistory and LawsMiles Roberge Grand Canyon University SPE-529NApril 8, 2013

Outline:

• Civil Rights Movement• Important Cases in Special Education• Dianna vs. California

Board of Education• PARC vs.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

• Mills vs. The Board of Education District of Columbia

• Important Legislation• FERPA (1974)• IDEA (1975)• ADA (1990)• NCLB (2002)

Civil Rights Movement

• Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education 1954

• The civil rights movement was the start of equality special education.

• Paved the way for parents and activists to have a group to support the rights of students with disabilities.

Instrumental Cases

• Dianna vs. California Board of Education

• PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

• Mills vs. The Board of Education District of Columbia

Dianna vs. California Board of Education • 1970- One of the first and most important cases in Special

Education. This case fought for the right to assess students in their native language. (Epler, P. 2013)

PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania• 1971- Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens.

This case was thought to be one of the most instrumental cases in the equality and rights of students with disabilities. (Epler, P. 2013)

PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania • The outcome of the case brought on 5 new mandates. 1.Admit all children with intellectual disability into public

school. 2.Place students with intellectual disability into regular

classroom when possible. 3.Make all school records accessible to parents. 4.Provide preschool programs for children with intellectual

disability when such programs were available to nondisabled children.

5.Precede all placement decisions with a hearing to allow parental participation and consent.

(Epler, P. 2013)

Mills vs. Board of Education District of Columbia• 1972- A case that found the exclusion of students from

schools based on disability was unconstitutional. (Epler, P. 2013)

Important Legislation

• FERPA (1974)

• IDEA (1975)

• ADA (1990)

• NCLB (2002)

FERPA

Family Educational Right and Privacy Act 1974

Important Impacts on Special Education•Allows parents access to all school records containing personal information. •Parents can request changes to records they believe are untrue. •Written permission must be obtained from parents to release information on students.

(Epler, P. 2013)

Guidelines (Handout)

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

•Originally known as Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) 1975

Major Impacts on Special Education•FAPE•LRE•IEP

Guidelines (handout)

FAPE

Free and Appropriate Public Education

•This part of the IDEA is essential to the current special education law. This is the requirement to accept all students with disabilities in public schools. It also requires the school to use and find appropriate resources. (Epler, P. 2013)

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment

•The least restrictive environment refers to allowing students with disabilities to participate in regular education classmates with their peers. To allow all students the same opportunities for an equal education. (Epler, P. 2013)

IEP

Individualized Education Plan

•IDEA originally EHA brought the importance of an IEP to special education law. The formation of the IEP team and also the goals are part of this guide for education for students with disabilities. (Epler, P. 2013)

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act 1990

•All individuals with disabilities are covered under this act. •Requirement that all individuals with disabilities be allowed access to public buildings and services.

(Epler, P. 2013)

NCLB No Child Left behind 2002

•Was originally Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) 1965•Legislation that required all schools to have proficiency from all students including special education students by 2014. •Districts, Schools, Administration, Teachers, and Students are all responsible for scores on standardized testing. (Epler, P. 2013)

Guidelines (handout)

Questions?

References

Epler, P. (2013). Special Education Foundations and Framework. (online lecture notes). Retrieved from https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=9c9745a5-0cd3-4e84-9d85-dff2d3a9999f&contentId=4cdcf142-29bd-40e4-a517-cc18fd6ce551&

References

Epler, P. (2013). Special Education Foundations and Framework. (online lecture notes). Retrieved from https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&currentTopicname=IDEA%20and%20NCLB&topicMaterialId=c27f2a7b-781a-46b1-b63b-162c938e0277&contentId=59e45387-83f5-46a9-8cac-8c792e308cac&