Speaker Biography - cdn.ymaws.com · Speaker Biography: Ted Johnson is the Chief Hydrogeologist at...
52
Speaker Biography: Ted Johnson is the Chief Hydrogeologist at the Water Replenishment District of Southern California. He manages projects related to groundwater recharge, water quality, and seawater intrusion for the Central Basin and West Coast Basin in southern Los Angeles County. Lately he has been investigating potential impacts to groundwater quality from petroleum practices and hydraulic fracturing in the WRD service area since the LA Basin has a long history of both hydrocarbon and groundwater production. Ted has over 26 years of experience in hydrogeology and has a B.S. in Geology and a M.S. in Enviroinmental Studies from the California State University at Fullerton. He is a licensed Professional Geologist and Certified Hydrogeologist and is the Vice President of the Groundwater Resources Association of California.
Transcript of Speaker Biography - cdn.ymaws.com · Speaker Biography: Ted Johnson is the Chief Hydrogeologist at...
Speaker Biography Ted Johnson is the Chief Hydrogeologist at the Water Replenishment District of Southern California He manages projects related to groundwater recharge water quality and seawater intrusion for the Central Basin and West Coast Basin in southern Los Angeles County Lately he has been investigating potential impacts to groundwater quality from petroleum practices and hydraulic fracturing in the WRD service area since the LA Basin has a long history of both hydrocarbon and groundwater production Ted has over 26 years of experience in hydrogeology and has a BS in Geology and a MS in Enviroinmental Studies from the California State University at Fullerton He is a licensed Professional Geologist and Certified Hydrogeologist and is the Vice President of the Groundwater Resources Association of California
Hydraulic Fracturing and Groundwater A Los Angeles Water Districtrsquos Perspective
By Ted Johnson Chief Hydrogeologist Water Replenishment District of Southern California West Coast Landmenrsquos Institute ndash September 5 2013
Hydraulic Fracturing (ldquoFrackingrdquo or ldquoFracingrdquo)
Has helped expand oil and natural gas production in the US to highest levels in decades and could supply the country for gt 100 years
Has unlocked large supplies of hydrocarbons in shale and other unconventional formations in many States providing energy jobs and revenue
But as fracking grew so did world-wide concerns about possible environmental impacts
2
So Whatrsquos All The Concern Over Fracking
3
International Issue
4
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing and Groundwater A Los Angeles Water Districtrsquos Perspective
By Ted Johnson Chief Hydrogeologist Water Replenishment District of Southern California West Coast Landmenrsquos Institute ndash September 5 2013
Hydraulic Fracturing (ldquoFrackingrdquo or ldquoFracingrdquo)
Has helped expand oil and natural gas production in the US to highest levels in decades and could supply the country for gt 100 years
Has unlocked large supplies of hydrocarbons in shale and other unconventional formations in many States providing energy jobs and revenue
But as fracking grew so did world-wide concerns about possible environmental impacts
2
So Whatrsquos All The Concern Over Fracking
3
International Issue
4
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing (ldquoFrackingrdquo or ldquoFracingrdquo)
Has helped expand oil and natural gas production in the US to highest levels in decades and could supply the country for gt 100 years
Has unlocked large supplies of hydrocarbons in shale and other unconventional formations in many States providing energy jobs and revenue
But as fracking grew so did world-wide concerns about possible environmental impacts
2
So Whatrsquos All The Concern Over Fracking
3
International Issue
4
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
So Whatrsquos All The Concern Over Fracking
3
International Issue
4
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
International Issue
4
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
National Issue
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
California Issue
6
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Local Issue LA Basin Concern over Fracking
LA Times
Inglewood Oil Field - LAWeeklycom
Press Telegram
7
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Germany Beer Issuehellip
8
US News amp World Report
German Beer Purity Law of 1516
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
What is Hydraulic Fracturing
Method to enhance oil or natural gas production Has been done at smaller scales for decades
Inject fluids (water sand chemicals) under very high pressure to break and keep open rock to make oil and gas flow
Improvements in horizontal drilling technologies have led to significant increase in fracking for oil and gas in the United States
Vertical and Horizontal wells and Fracking
9
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Conventional vs Unconventional Conventional Fracking in permeable reservoirs like sandstone and limestone to improve flow to wells Has been for gt 50 years Vertical or slant wells Lower pressure and water Common in CA and elsewhere
httpwwwgeomorecomshale-gas-and-fracking
High-Rate Gravel Packing Small scale fracking near the well bore to install gravel pack to improve flows at the oilgas well andor to prevent formation sand entry (like a gravel pack in a water well)
Unconventional Newer drillingfracking in hard tight source rock that is porous but not permeable (ie shale) ldquoHigh Volume Frackingrdquo TX PA ND WY MO CO OH Extensive in CA too
10
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Injection Fluids for Fracking Water Average 5 million gallons per job for high volume unconventional lt 300000 for conventional lt 100000 gravel pack Propane and butane being explored to replace water in water-short areas ldquoDry Frackingrdquo
SandSilica (proppant) keeps fractures open otherwise would close
Assorted chemical additives are site specific Many purposes inhibit corrosion remove drilling mud prevent scaling reduce viscosity etc
httpfracfocusorgwater-protectiondrilling-usage 11
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Acidizing Matrix Acid Jobs and Fracture Acidizing
Another method to open up tight or clogged formations and improve hydrocarbon flow to wells
Matrix acidizing at relatively low pressures to dissolve sediments mud and carbonates near the well
Fracture acidizing at higher pressures to break open rock and create new fractures and dissolve minerals to improve permeability
Use of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) common
Modified from Dallas Society of Petroleum Engineers dallasspeypcompresentationsAcidizingPresentationppt
Geologic Formation
WaterMud
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Why Frack Create a new energy resource Unconventional drilling and fracking now accounts for more than half the natural gas production in the US Estimated over 100 year supply
Allows extended production in older oil and gas fields
Allows recovery of petroleum from tight formations previously thought unproductive
Reduced price of natural gas
Creates jobs in energy industry
httpenergytomorroworgblognatural-gas-the-70-percenttypeall
13
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
14
Job Boom in Hydraulic Fracturing
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
httpwwweiagovoil_gasrpdshale_gaspdf 15
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
The Monterey Shale amp Fracking Californiarsquos Next Mother Load
Potential Target for Unconventional Oil Production
Estimated at gt15 billion barrels of Oil Largest of its type in the Country
USC Report (March 2013) estimates 28 million jobs and $25 billion in tax revenue by 2020
Unproven to date Complex geology Deep and difficulty to tap Much of the oil may have leaked out to upper formations
16
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
17
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
18
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
19
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Potential Risk to Groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas Target Zone
20
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Potential Risks to Groundwater
2012 YouTube Video of Fluid Discharge to an Unlined Pit ndash Kern County CA Central Valley RWQB is Investigating httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=mxb671gbmkY
21
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Old GasOil Well ndash Not Abandoned Properly
Casing or Cement Failure
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
22
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Oil Gas Wells Can Leak and be Conduits Cement and Casing can deteriorate over time creating
pathways for gasfluids to migrate
Re-abandonments often necessary
Documented LA Basin environmental hazards from leaking wells1 ― 1985 Ross Department Store Explosion ― Montebello leaks - homes abandoned
― Santa Fe Spring Oilfield Investigation ndash 75 of 50 wells investigated were leaking
1 Chilingar and Endres 2005 Environmental hazards posed by the Los Angeles Basin urban oilfields an historical perspective of lessons learned Environmental Geology DOI 101007s00254-004-1159-0 Vol 47 pages 302-317 23
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Potential Risks to Groundwater
Faults may act as a conduit
Fracking to near fresh groundwater
Groundwater
Shale OilGas
24
httpwwwepagovhfstudyhfwatercyclehtml
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Potential Risks to Groundwater
25
Threats Chemicals Metals Saline Water Natural Gas
ldquoFrack Hitsrdquo
Groundwater
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Are There Risks to Groundwater
ldquoThere have been over a million wells hydraulically fractured in the history of the industry and there is not one not one reported case of a freshwater aquifer having ever been contaminated from hydraulic fracturing Not onerdquo Rex W Tillerson the chief executive of ExxonMobil - Congressional hearing on drilling (NYTimes 832011)
INDUSTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL NRDC May 2012 12-05A gt 30 potential groundwater contamination cases from
hydraulic fracturing
SCIENCE ldquoThe effects of unconventional oil and gas developmenthellipon regional water quality have not been previously described despite the fact that oil and gas development in the United States began nearly 150 years agordquo USGS April 2012 Fact Sheet 2012-3049
26
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Other Environmental Concerns
Nuisance (noise traffic odors) Surface Water Contamination Soil Contamination Wastewater Disposal Air Pollution Water Supply Natural Habitat Earthquakes
This talkrsquos focus is on Groundwater
South Coast Air Quality Mgt Dist
httpwwwgaslandthemoviecomwhats-fracking 27
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
FracFocusorg ndash Tracks Fracking amp Chemicals
Over 50000 Frack Jobs reported nationwide (as of 82013)
28
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
1017 listed in California (as of 82013) 19 near the WRD service area httpwwwhydraulicfracturingdisclosureorgfracfocusfindMapaspx
Listed California Fracking Locations
29
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
FracFocusorg Chemical Listing
30
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
National Research on Fracking
0
USGS Groundwater Study
31
httpwww2epagovsitesproductionfilesdocumentshf-report20121214pdf
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Ways to Minimize Risk Baseline Monitoring
Proper well design to prevent leaks Monitor while fracking
Identify all natural amp artificial pathways and seal off or avoid
Proper waste collection storage and disposal
Monitor injection pressures intervening ldquodead zonerdquo flowback ponds deep and shallow groundwater seismic monitoring
Vapor probes for soil gas monitoring at surface
Fracking Injection
Well
Deep Monitoring
Wells Water Supply Wells Vapor Probes
Fracking Target Formation
Fresh
Groundwater
Shale Gas Oil Rock
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
Seismic Monitoring
32
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
DOGGR Regulates CA Oil Gas Geothermal Permitting agency for oil and gas wells in the State Oversees all oil gas geothermal well constructions abandonments and injections in CA
Class II Injection Well Program to regulate injecting fluids for oil or gas operations including fracking acidizing
No specific regulations (yet) for hydraulic fracturing but in progress (wwwconservationcagovdogPagesindexaspx)
33
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Recent CA Legislation on Fracking
2012 SB 1054 (Pavley) AB591 (Wieckowski) AB 972 (Butler) Both failed 2013 10 Bills Introduced AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 288 (Levine) AB 649 (Nazarian) AB 669 (Stone) AB 982 (Williams) AB 1301 (Bloom) AB 1323 (Mitchell) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk) ALL HAVE BEEN DROPPED EXCEPT SB4 and SB665 (which have been amended to lessen requirements)
New bills deal with fracking definitions and notifications
oversight by DOGGR and RWQCB groundwater monitoring banning until process is reviewed by State
chemical disclosure hazardous waste classification and disposal
bond increases for oil and gas wells
34
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
San Gabriel Valley
Coyote Hills
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
Merced Hills
Santa Monica Mtns
Long Beach
San Gabriel River Los Angeles River
Los Angeles
San Gabriel Mtns
Pacific Ocean
Area = 420 mi2 43 Cities 4 Million People
gt 400 Water Wells Pumping 240000 acre feetyr
(78 billion gallonsyr)
Focus on 2 LA Groundwater Basins Central Basin and West Coast Basin (CBWCB)
35
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Over 450 Groundwater Production Wells
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
36
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Groundwater Wells Tapping Coastal Aquifers
Quaternary amp Late Pliocene Coastal Aquifers Sand amp Gravel Folded amp Faulted
Mid Pliocene ldquoBedrockrdquo Repetto amp Lower Fernando Fms
New
port
-Ingl
ewoo
d Fa
ult Z
one
37
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
But Therersquos Oil amp Gas in the Basins too Signal Hill
38
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Over 30 Mapped Oil Fields and 9700 OilGas Wells in WRD Service Area
Central Basin
West Coast Basin
39
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Modified from Davis ndash Namson 1998 Southern California Cross Section Study
Cross-Section through LA showing Petroleum Target Zones
South North
Recent Pleistocene and late Pliocene General area of Fresh Groundwater
Mid Pliocene to Mid Miocene General Targets for Petroleum Recovery
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 Mesozoic Schist Granite Slate Metasediments Bedrock ndash No Petroleum
Miles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
40
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Oil Wells amp Water Wells in LA Over 100 Years of Co-Existing
41
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Inglewood Oil Field Fracking Controversy
42
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
WRD Monitoring Wells amp Oil Fields
300 Monitoring Wells at 50 Locations Minimum Depth 60 ft
Maximum Depth 2000 ft 43
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
WRD Nested Monitoring Wells
Injection Well
Water Supply Wells
Oil Gas Fracking Target Zone
Nested Monitoring
Wells
Fresh
Groundwater
Oil Gas Reservoirs
No
Activity
ldquoDeadrdquo Zone
44
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
WRD Field Crewhellip
45
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Groundwater Level Hydrograph Deeper Zones Anomalously Low
46
Expected Water Levels
Unexplained Deep Water Levels (200 ft lower than expected)
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
GROUNDWATER QUALITY TESTING
Over 100 chemicals tested in each well twice per year or over 50000 results on water
quality annually
Have not yet sampled specifically for fracking chemicals
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Water Quality Results near Oil Fields Generally Good Water Quality
A few wells in Oil Field areas have elevated concentrations at depth
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
TBA
TDSChloride
ColorOdor
Sources have not been identified Either naturally occurring or from surface releases oil field operations or other Difficult to determine
Additional testing fingerprinting may help determine sources
48
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing is used for Water Wells Too
httpwwwnhcontractorsnet201201hydrofracking-nh
49
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Hydraulic Fracturing has been done for over 50 years New ldquoHigh Volume Unconventionalrdquo methods are proving very fruitful but controversial worldwide
Summary
Fresh groundwater oil and natural gas have been successfully produced in the CBWCB for over 100 years
The two reservoirs are separated by thick layers of low permeability strata so that with appropriate precaution construction regulation and monitoring the activities in one should not affect the other
WRD continues working with regulatory agencies on appropriate fracking rules We donrsquot want to hamper the energy industry we just want to ensure protection of the groundwater resource Both can be done successfully
50
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
Contact Ted Johnson - tjohnsonwrdorg 51
- Speaker Biography
-
