Spatial Reasoning for “Terra Incognita” Challenges and Progress of Coastal/Marine GIS Dawn...
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Transcript of Spatial Reasoning for “Terra Incognita” Challenges and Progress of Coastal/Marine GIS Dawn...
Spatial Reasoning for “Terra Incognita” Challenges and Progress of Coastal/Marine GIS
Dawn WrightDepartment of GeosciencesOregon State University
Explornography (n.)
“The vicarious thrill of exploring when there is nothing left to explore”
(John Tierney, New York Times, July 26, 1998)
Images courtesy of the National Air and Space Museum
Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps
Single Beam Multibeam
1-2 K soundingsper survey
500 - 750 K soundingsper survey
400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundingsper survey
Graphics courtesy of NOAA & UNH
Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey MethodLeadline
courtesy of the NOAA PMEL Vents Group (NEMO project) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Exploration of Seafloor Spreading Centers
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Fine Scale Mapping
• on the order of tens of meters to meters
• features the size of a beer can!
GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the Whole
Homes
School Districts
Streets
Zip Codes
Cities
Counties
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Substrate
Bathymetry
Water Column Data
Time and Depth Measurements
Coastal and Boundary Lines
Marine Points
Basemap
Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI
Ocean Thematic Layers
GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the Whole
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Spatial Reasoning
PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanning
AnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzing
ThinkingThinkingThinkingThinking
MeasuringMeasuringMeasuringMeasuring DecidingDecidingDecidingDeciding
ScienceGraphics courtesy of ESRI
GIS: A Spatial ContextSeeing the Whole to Manage Places
Seeing the WholeSeeing the Whole Managing PlacesManaging Places
• Estuaries
• Fisheries
• Marine Protected Areas
• Coastal Communities
• Patterns
• Linkages
• Trends
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Coastal/Marine GIS Challenges
• Lack of data
Dan Fornari, WHOI
Coastal/Marine GIS Challenges
• Scale, accuracy, generalization, time, etc.
• No fixed features in the marine environment– No rigid reference frame– Eulerian vs. Lagrangian (object-centered)– “Mobile computing”
Figure courtesy of Anne Lucas, U. of Bergen, NorwayFigure courtesy of Anne Lucas, U. of Bergen, Norway
Marine Boundaries
Shaded relief image © Ray Sterner, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
• 2 horizontal dimensions equivalent?– “How long is a shoreline?” – Shoreline according to
whom?
Where is the shoreline?
Different interpretations of the shoreline
Shoreline Depiction Problems
One Grand Challenge …
To find ways of summarizing, modeling, and visualizing the differences between a digital representation and real phenomena
• Uncertainty– no representation can be complete– what the data indicate about the world– what the user believes the data indicate about the world
• Scientific Measurement– the database as one sample from an error distribution
• The GIS Data Model– conceptual description of how our “sampling of the world”
is organized for use by the GIS – objects with rules and behaviors
ArcGIS Marine Data Modeldusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis
• Relationships with rules, behaviors used in geoprocessing and analysis
• Basic template for implementing GIS projects– input, formatting, geoprocessing, creating maps,
performing analyses
• Control of required data fields, relationships from collection through analysis phases
• Basic framework for writing program code
A Marine Data Model
Implications for Data Collection
Implications for Data Sharing, Networking
Remainder of Symposium
• Biogeographic Assessments– Monaco/Caldow, NOAA
• Benthic Habitat Mapping– Greene et al., Moss Landing Marine Labs
• O.C.E.A.N. Model, Marine Ecology/Economy– Scholz - Ecotrust
• Fisheries Landing Statistics– Watson et al. - University of British Columbia
• Science and Policy of MPAs– Airame - Channel Islands Nat. Marine Sanctuary
• Sustainable Coastal Communities– Wedell & Revell - Oregon State Univ., Surfrider