Spatial Information Retrieval

Spatial Data Mining + Knowledge Discovery

• Used for mining data in spatial databases with huge amounts of data

• Spatial data is defined as location-related data in an object  

• A spatial database stores spatial objects and spatial relationships between these objects

• Important application - GIS

What is GIS

• Geographic Information System• A computer-based system for storing, analyzing, and reporting map and spatial database, providing environmental, social economic and geographic information.

• A computer-assisted information system to collect, store, manipulate and display spatial within the context of an organization, with the purpose of functioning as a decision support system

What is GIS

Layers or Themes:

•Objects that contain spatial information are represented as several different layers where each layer holds data about a particular kind of feature.

•Each feature is linked to a position on the graphical image on a map and a record in an attribute table.

GIS Components

• Hardware (computer system)• Software• Data (spatial database)• Developers and users• Analysis and modeling

Spatial Databases in GIS

• Data capture • Data storage/retrieval • Data display

Data Storage

WELL_NAME

CONT__STAT LATITUDE

LONGITUDE TD__M_ OPERATOR

COMPLETED BASIN

08 1 dry -4.797222 12.478333 409.00 Gulf Oil Corp 19680100 Lower Congo Basin

100 1 dry -5.580444 12.341944 1048.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19671203 Lower Congo Basin

101 1 dry -5.580278 12.486944 844.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19690324 Lower Congo Basin

109 1 dry -5.618333 12.162500 1370.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680204 Lower Congo Basin

109 2 dry -5.616667 12.163333 1369.77 Gulf Oil Corp 19680204 Lower Congo Basin

109 3 dry -5.624722 12.156944 3539.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680301 Lower Congo Basin

110 1 dry -5.590278 12.178611 1067.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680211 Lower Congo Basin

111 1 dry -5.653306 12.267528 1197.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680120 Lower Congo Basin

111 2 dry -5.660417 12.260000 2750.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19711001 Lower Congo Basin

112 1 dry -5.645556 12.355000 1064.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680108 Lower Congo Basin

113 1 dry -5.620000 12.453611 915.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19671211 Lower Congo Basin

113 2 dry -5.631417 12.435972 1214.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19671220 Lower Congo Basin

122 2 dry -5.675000 12.241667 1372.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680127 Lower Congo Basin

122 3 dry -5.732222 12.175278 4304.00 Gulf Oil Corp 19680919 Lower Congo Basin

123 2 dry -5.668333 12.256667 1370.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680114 Lower Congo Basin

123 3 dry -5.726111 12.266667 1840.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680219 Lower Congo Basin

123 4 dry -5.684444 12.286389 3601.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680514 Lower Congo Basin

123 5 gas -5.706667 12.270556 2644.00 Gulf Oil Corporation 19680000 Lower Congo Basin

Data Display

A Example of Information analysis in GIS

• Stating the problem • Breaking down the problem into a series of objectives

• Assigning value of suitability to the objectives

• Finding suitable areas

Web GIS

• Web-GIS Web GIS is a geographic information system that GIS data and functionality are made available over the Internet.

• How it works: On the server side: GIS database and applications

On the client side: a user interface within a web browser.

Web GIS

• Web GIS Advantages Unlimited access Low cost Easily to use

• Web GIS Disadvantages Download time Affected by network traffic Limited functions

Web GIS

• Web GIS Examples: National Geographic MapMachine Natural Resources Information