Spatial Disorientation Review.ppt

8/9/2019 Spatial Disorientation Review.ppt

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Risk Assessment: LowRisk Assessment: Low

Safety Considerations: NoneSafety Considerations: None

Environmental Considerations: NoneEnvironmental Considerations: None

Evaluation : You will evaluated on this block of

instruction during the 40 question AeromedicalReview Exam


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Terminal Learning Obje tive

ACT!ON: "anage t#e effe ts of S$atial %isorientation

CON%!T!ON: ile serving as an air rew member

STAN%AR%: !n a ordan e wit# T#e 'undamentals of Aeros$a e "edi ine and '" ()*+,(*-


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .-

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e me #anisms of

e/uilibrium

CON%!T!ON: 0iven a list



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"e #anisms of E/uilibrium

1isual

1estibular

2ro$rio e$tive


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .3

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e role of vision in orientation




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Role of 1isionRole of 1ision

1ision is t#e most reliable sense used1ision is t#e most reliable sense usedduring flig#tduring flig#t 4*5 of orientation w#ile flying is4*5 of orientation w#ile flying is

de$endent on t#e visual sensede$endent on t#e visual sense

1isual1estibular 2ro$rio e$tive0!

"#!

#!


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T#e visual system is one of t#ree me #anismst#at integrate to form a om$lete mental $i tureof one6s orientation 7$er e$tion8 re ognition8identifi ation9

T#e system onsists of two modes

1isual System

'o al 7Central9 vision (* degrees

Ambient 72eri$#eral9 vision -;< degrees


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'o al 1ision

Also alled Central 1ision%one ons iously2resents us wit# lear view

Allows us to view olors%etermines distan e and de$t#

$er e$tion


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Ambient 1ision

Also alled 2eri$#eral 1ision%one sub ons iously%ete ts motion and attitude ues=el$s to $rovide balan e

2oor a uity $ro$erties


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .(

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e visual illusions




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1isual !llusions

'alse #ori>ons

'as ination?fi@ation'li ker vertigoConfusion wit#

ground lig#tsRelative motionAltered $lanes of

referen e

Stru tural

=eig#t?de$t# $er e$tionCrater illusionSi>e distan e

AutokinesisReverse $ers$e tive


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'alse 1erti al?=ori>ontal Cues7'alse =ori>on9

O urs w#en t#e $ilot sub ons iously #oosest#e wrong referen e $oint for orientation


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'as ination?'i@ation

TAR0ET = 2NOS!S

TASB SAT RAT!ON


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Target =y$nosis


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'li ker 1ertigo

Caused by sunlig#t fli kering t#roug# rotor blades

Rotating bea ons refle ting against an over ast

sk or a ainst t#e winds reen


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Confusion wit# 0round Lig#ts

Along seas#ores or rural areas 0round lig#ts may be $er eived as elestial lig#ts

Celestial lig#ts may be $er eived as ground lig#ts


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'alsely $er eived self)motion in relation tot#e real motion of anot#er obje t

Relative "otion


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Altered 2lanes of Referen e

!na urate sense of altitude8 attitude8or flig#t $at#

"ountains ? 1alleys


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Stru tural !llusion

T#e$#enomenonin w#i #obje tsbe omedistorted w#envisualobs urants

are $resentsu # as rain8snow8 sleet8 ort#e urvatureof a winds reen


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%ue to a la k of visual ues8 t#e $ilots

or rew members may $er eive t#att#ey are #ig#er t#an t#ey a tually are


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$rater %llusion

An illusion t#at t#e air raft is landing into a #ole? rater oron a u$ward slo$e8 reated w#en t#e sear # lig#t is

$ositioned too far under t#e nose of t#e air raft

Crater !llusion

Si> ) %i !ll i


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Si>e) %istan e !llusionLarge &ide Runway

Narrow Runway

Am ! too Low D

Am ! too=ig# D

3+

3+


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Autokineti !llusion

O urs w#en a stati lig#t a$$ears to move

w#en it is stared at for several se onds


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At nig#t8 an air raft may a$$ear to be goingAt nig#t8 an air raft may a$$ear to be going

away w#en it is a tually a$$roa #ingaway w#en it is a tually a$$roa #ing

Reversable 2ers$e tive


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .+

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e fun tion of t#e vestibular system




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Com$onents of T#e 1estibularSystem

Lo ated wit#in t#e middle ear

Semi ir ular Canals Otolit# Organs


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'un tions of T#e 1estibularSystem

1isual tra king

Refle@ information

Orientation wit#out vision


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1isual Tra king

"aintains fo us of t#e retinal image

R fl @


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Refle@!nformation


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Orientation &it#out 1ision


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'un tions Of T#e Semi ir ularCanals

Res$onsive to angular a eleration andde eleration

C#ange in bot# s$eed and dire tion %ete ts yaw8 $it #8

and roll


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Semi ir ular Canals

Rig#t angles to ea # ot#er Contains endolym$# fluid


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'un tion Of T#e Otolit#

Organs

T#e Otolit# organs are stimulated bygravity and linear a elerations

C#ange in s$eed wit#out a #ange indire tion

Sensitive to linear a eleration andde eleration 7forward8 aft8 u$8 and down9


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'un tion of T#e Otolit# Organs

'OR&AR% ACCELERAT!ON 'OR&AR% %ECELERAT!ON

&A'(E (E)(A*%+) +& ,A$-.AR/

2R!0=T T!LT 'OR&AR% T!LT ACB&AR%*R E (E)(A*%+) *R E (E)(A*%+) *R E (E)(A*%+)


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'un tion of T#e Otolit# Organs


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .edTy$e !!

2ilot consciously perceives a$roblem8 but may not know it isdue to s$atial disorientation

2ilot an orre t t#e situation


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2ilot enters a turn stimulating onesemi ir ular anal

2ilot makes a #ead movement in adifferent geometri $lane

An additional semi ir ular anal isstimulated

Results in overw#elming sensation of aw8 2it #8 and Roll simultaneously

Coriolis


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!n a$a itatingTy$e !!!

2ilot e@$erien es overw#elming sensations Confli t of sensory in$uts nable to $ro$erly orient t#emselves by use of

instruments or visual ues


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NystagmusA ra$id fli kering motion of bot# eyes ba k andfort#8 seriously degrading vision to 3*?3** for afew se onds


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .;

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e dynami s of S$atial disorientation



f $


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%ynami s Of S$atial%isorientation

1isual dominan e

1estibular su$$ression 1estibular o$$ortunism

l


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1isual %ominan e

A learned $#enomenon w#ere one in or$oratesvisual orientation information w#ile e@ ludingot#er sensory ues 7a very t#oroug# ross)#e k9

E@am$le: Leans


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1estibular Su$$ression

An a tive $ro ess of visually overriding

undesirable vestibular sensations

!n flig#t8 $ilot develo$s su$$ression viare$eated e@$osure to linear or angulara eleration

$$


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1estibular O$$ortunism

T#e $ro$ensity of t#e vestibularsystem to fill any orientation

void swiftly


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .4

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e measures to$revent s$atial disorientation




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S% 2revention

!nstruments)trust your instruments Edu ation and training !nstrument $rofi ien y =ealt# Air raft design Co k$it Organi>ation

S% 2 i


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S% 2revention

Never fly wit#out visualreferen e $oints

Never stare at lig#ts %ark ada$tation Avoid self )im$osed stresses

7%EAT=9


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Enabling Learning Obje tive .H

ACT!ON: !dentify t#e a tions to treats$atial disorientation



T t t


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Treatment

Refer to instruments8 ensure t#ey readrig#t

%evelo$ and maintain ross) #e ks %elay intuitive rea tions Transfer ontrols

Never fly bot# 1"C and !"C at t#e sametime


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Ensure t#e !nstruments

Read Rig#t


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"e #anisms of e/uilibrium Role of vision 1isual illusions

'un tion of 1estibular system 'un tion of $ro$rio e$tive system Ty$es of disorientation %ynami s of disorientation 2revention Treatment

C l i


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Con lusion

Spatial Disorientation Review.ppt

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