S p a r t a vs AT HENS

By: J osé María Espinosa de los Mont erosAndrés Dorado Esc obar .

Xiang Tébar Garc ía.

Ín d ic e:1. T HE GREEK POLIS:● Urban structure

(Acropolis/Agora)

2 . SPART A:● Where is it located?● What was the form of

government?● Educat ion in Sparta.● Spartan society.

3 . AT HENS:● Where is it located?● What was the form of

government?● Athenian society.

4 . GREEKS AT W AR:● The Greco-persian wars.● The Peloponnesian war: the

confrontat ion with Sparta.

THE GREEK POLIS:

Ur ban st r uc tur e (Ac r opolis/ Agor a)

The Gr eek polis:Ur ban s t r uc t ur e (Ac r opolis / Agor a)

SPARTA:1. Where is it located?

2. What was the form of government?3. Education in Sparta.

4. Spartan society.

W H ERE I S L OCATED?

Is situated in the southern part of the

Peloponnese.

What was the form of government?

Sparta was an oligarchy, which means “governmentby the few”. The aristoi , composed of landownersand the warrior elite, governed the city. The aristoiformed the Council, a body that made politicaldecisions, imparted justice and controlled the army.

Educat ion in Spar t a.The primary goal of Spartan education was to produce good soldiers.

Training for the military began at age 7. Historical accounts tell of Spartan boys as being allowed no shoes, very few clothes, and being taught to

take pride in enduring pain and hardship.At the age of 18, Spartan boys had to go out into the world and steal their food. The concept was that a soldier must learn stealth and

cunning.At age 20, Spartan men had to pass a series of demanding tests of

physical prowess and leadership abilities. At age 30, they became full citizens of Sparta.They were required to continue service until age 60.

Spartan societ y:At the top of the social pyramid were the Spartiates

who had a Spartan mother and father. They possessed political rights and controlled the land. The Periokoi, were the farmers who cultivated the land, artisans or merchants. They had to pay the

taxes.The last position of the pyramid are the Helots,

which were the slaves.

ATHENS:Where is located?

What was the form of government?

Athenian society.

Wher e is l oc at ed?

Athens is located in the

southeastern corner of Greece,

in Attica.

W hat was the form of government?

Athens was a democracy, which means“government of the people”. Its citizens gathered atan assembly, where they elected their leaders andvoted for laws.

A t h en s soc iet y .The social class system

of Ancient Athens wasvery similar to structuresin other cultures. Therewas a well-defined upper,middle, and lower class aswell as a separate slaveclass.

ACHILLES:The Achilles heel.

Achilles was invulnerable in all his body except in his heel, the legend tells that he died in a battle

when being reached by a poisoned arrow in the

heel.

GREEKS AT WAR:

The Greco-persian wars.The Peloponnesian war: the confrontation with Sparta.

Gr e c o - p e r s ia n w a r s

The Greco-Persian Wars took place in te 5th century BC when the Persians tried to conquer Athens. The Athenians fought back and defeated Persia in the battles of Marathon and Salamis. After the victory, Athens became the most powerful Greek city and exercised its hegemony over many others cities.

The Peloponnesian war: the confrontation with Sparta.

Sparta opposed Athenian hegemony and led a coalition of cities to confront Athens (Peloponnesian League). This started the

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), which ended with the defeat of Athens and its allies. The war left Greece in a state of poverty and unrest. Many cities, such as Athens, fell into the hands off tyrants. The war ended the Golden Age of the Greek poleis.

THE ENDVS