SPARTA ATHENS - School District of Haverford Township · very loyal to the state of Sparta. ATHENS:...
Transcript of SPARTA ATHENS - School District of Haverford Township · very loyal to the state of Sparta. ATHENS:...
SPARTA VS. ATHENSWhere would YOU rather be living?
“Greeks don’t fight like heroes-- heroes fight like
Greeks.”
-Winston Churchill
THINK ABOUT...
Why do we know more about Athens than we do about Sparta?
SPARTA: No����������� ������������������ works����������� ������������������ of����������� ������������������ art����������� ������������������ or����������� ������������������ architecture����������� ������������������ came����������� ������������������ out����������� ������������������ of����������� ������������������ Sparta.����������� ������������������ :/����������� ������������������ -����������� ������������������ anything����������� ������������������ that’s����������� ������������������ been����������� ������������������ found����������� ������������������ was����������� ������������������ made����������� ������������������ by����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ PERIOECI
ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE
ATHENS: -Athens����������� ������������������ was����������� ������������������ expanding����������� ������������������ with����������� ������������������ new����������� ������������������ buildings����������� ������������������ (such����������� ������������������ as����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ Parthenon)����������� ������������������
-����������� ������������������ Philosophers����������� ������������������ (such����������� ������������������ as����������� ������������������ Socrates,����������� ������������������ Plato,����������� ������������������ &����������� ������������������ Aristotle),����������� ������������������ kindled����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ growth����������� ������������������ of����������� ������������������ learning
-Athenians����������� ������������������ invented����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ theater����������� ������������������ through����������� ������������������ playwrights����������� ������������������ like����������� ������������������ Aristophanes,����������� ������������������ who����������� ������������������ made����������� ������������������ fun����������� ������������������ of����������� ������������������ politicians����������� ������������������
GOAL OF EDUCATION:
SPARTA : PRODUCE a well-drilled, well-disciplined marching army. Spartans believed in a life of discipline, self-denial, and simplicity. They were very loyal to the state of Sparta.
ATHENS: produce citizens trained
in the arts, to prepare citizens for both peace and war.
GOAL OF EDUCATION
ATHENS - Produce citizens trained in the arts - prepare citizens for both peace and war
SPARTA - Produce SOLDIERS!
SPARTA=MILITARY STATE
Created by Lycurgus (Lycos Urgos = “he who keeps the wolves away”) in the 700sBC after helot rebellion
EARLY LIFE:
When babies were born in ancient Sparta, Spartan elders would check the baby
If the baby did not appear healthy and strong, the infant was taken away, and left to die on a hillside, or taken away to be trained as a slave (a helot).
BUT if the baby passed this examination - they were assigned membership in a brotherhood or sisterhood (usually the same one to which their father or mother belonged)
SPARTA
ATHENS
Until age 6, boys were taught at home by their mother or by a male slave (pedagogue)
(pedagogy - noun - the method and practice of teaching)
Horrible Histories - Ready for School?
THE SCHOOL YEARS:
SPARTA Spartan boys were sent to military school at age 7. They lived, trained and slept in the barracks of their brotherhood.
Started at age 7, stayed until 20
Not well fed - encouraged to steal
No shoes
One outfit per year/one cloak
Slept on hard beds or floor (sometimes outside)
Harsh physical punishments - took pride in how much pain they could endure
THE SPARTAN AGOGE
THE SPARTAN AGOGE May����������� ������������������ or����������� ������������������ may����������� ������������������ not����������� ������������������ have����������� ������������������ been����������� ������������������ able����������� ������������������ to����������� ������������������ read
Reading,����������� ������������������ writing,����������� ������������������ literature,����������� ������������������ and����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ arts����������� ������������������ were����������� ������������������ considered����������� ������������������ unsuitable����������� ������������������ for����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ soldier-citizen����������� ������������������ -����������� ������������������ not����������� ������������������ part����������� ������������������ of����������� ������������������ his����������� ������������������ education
Taught����������� ������������������ survival����������� ������������������ skills����������� ������������������ (how����������� ������������������ to����������� ������������������ steal����������� ������������������ for����������� ������������������ food,����������� ������������������ survive����������� ������������������ in����������� ������������������ the����������� ������������������ wild)
Drilled����������� ������������������ in����������� ������������������ military����������� ������������������ and����������� ������������������ warfare����������� ������������������ tactics����������� ������������������ &����������� ������������������ strategies����������� ������������������ -����������� ������������������ encouraged����������� ������������������ to����������� ������������������ fight����������� ������������������ each����������� ������������������ other
Legend says ... A young Sparta boy once stole a live fox, planning to kill it and eat it. He noticed some Spartan soldiers approaching. In ancient Sparta, students were encouraged to steal, but the trick was that you could not get caught stealing. If you were caught, you were severely beaten.
As the soldiers approached, the boy hid the fox beneath his shirt.
While the soldiers quizzed him on why he was not in school, the boy let the fox chew into his stomach rather than confess he had stolen it. He did not allow his face or body to express his pain.
That was the Spartan way. Lie, cheat, steal, and get away with it, or else (you would be in big trouble!)
Horrible Histories - Spartan High School Musical
A SPARTAN LEGEND
Every Spartan, male or female, was required to have a
perfect body.
SPARTA CONT.
Horrible Histories - Spartan Head Teacher
Horrible Histories - Spartan Teacher Conference
ATHENS Boys went to private school at age 6, accompanied by a slave called a pedagogue
Studied: literature (Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey), mathematics, musical instruments (the lyre), reading, writing, physical (running, jumping, boxing, wrestling, discus, javelin throwing)
THE REST OF THEIR LIVES:
At 20, they joined the army in which they served until they were 60 years old. They ate, slept, and continued to train in their brotherhood barracks. Even if they were married, they did not live with their wives and families. They lived in the barracks until they were 30.
At age 60, a Spartan soldier could retire and live in their home with their family.
SPARTA
✴AGES 6 to 14, boys went to a neighborhood primary school or to a private school
✴AGE 14 - formal education of the poorer boys probably ended and was followed by an apprenticeship at a trade✴Wealthier boys continued their education
✴As adults, men usually worked it the morning and then attended meetings in the ASSEMBLY in the afternoon
✴ In the evenings, upper-class men enjoyed all male gatherings where they drank, dined, and discussed politics and philosophy (the women were at home, of course)
ATHENS
NOW THE LADIES:
-Girls also went to school at age 6 or 7. They lived at home and sometimes slept and trained in their sisterhood's barracks
-Taught wrestling, gymnastics and combat skills
The Spartans believed that strong young women would produce strong babies to become strong soldiers
SPARTA
❖AT AGE 18 - if a Spartan girl passed her skills and fitness test, she would be assigned a husband and allowed to return home
(BUT if she failed, she would lose her rights as a citizen, and became a perioeci - just
like the men - this was humiliating for Spartans)
❖In most of the other Greek city-states, women were required to stay inside their homes most of their lives
❖In Sparta, women had much more freedom because the men were not around
❖They were encouraged to have more than one husband (because their husbands might die in battle)
❖Shaved their heads when they got married and kept their hair short from then on
SPARTA
Horrible Histories - Don’t Tell the Spartan Bride
Athenian women were only a small step above slaves.
For Athenian women, life revolved around the home and family.
Upper class women supervised the household servants and worked wool into cloth.
Women rarely went out, except to funerals or religious festivals.
Even then, they could leave the house only if a male relative went with them.
Athenian women did not attend school, but many learned to read and play music at home.
Women had no political rights and could not own property.
ATHENS
WHAT ARE WE GOOD FOR...MARRIAGE!
Athenian girls married when they were about 13-15 years old
When the marriage was to take place the girl gave away all of her toys to the temple of Artemis, and her hair was cut.
Marriages were arranged by the father
to a man in his thirties
WEDDING CEREMONY
Priests did not direct weddings in ancient Greece. Instead, a set of rituals was followed, after which the couple would live together. The rituals started with baths. The groom then would go to the bride’s house in a chariot or a cart. A feast may be held at the bride’s father’s house, after which the groom would take his bride back to his parents’ house. They were greeted at the door by the groom’s parents and led to the hearth. There they were showered with nuts and fruit. The couple then retired to their bedroom. For the wife to be fully accepted
into the groom’s family, a child had to be conceived from their union.
Divorces were easily arranged. The man would have to pay back, in cash, the remaining dowry money to his wife’s
parents. Divorces were granted on many grounds; for example, if the wife could
not bear children.
Horrible Histories - Athens/Sparta Wife Swap
A DAY IN THE LIFE...
POLL TIME!
WHERE WOULD YOU RATHER LIVE?
Vote as if you were going to be transported back in time at this age and as your own gender