Sparta and Athens

CH 5 Section 3

Chapter review

• Who were the earliest known Greeks?

• What is an acropolis?

• What book tells the story of the Trojan war?

• Someone who took power but had the peoples support?

• The Olympic games were held every 4 years in honor of who?

Sparta the Military Ideal• A group of people moved into the area of

Peloponnesus and conquered the people there• {Helots The conquered people of Peloponnesus

forced to work for the new invaders}• The invaders conquered Sparta and made it

their capital • Sparta was located in a valley as opposed to a

hill like other Greek city-states• They did not surround the city with walls for

defense• This might explain why the Spartans developed

very differently becoming highly militarized

Spartan Society• The Society had three social groups• The Equals- descendants of the invaders they

controlled the city-state and divided the land equally among themselves

• Half citizens- were free but had no political power, they paid taxes and served in the army

• Some Half citizens farmed, others lived in town and some even became rich

• Helots- were the slaves; Spartans decided how they worked and lived they outnumbered the Spartans and hated them

Spartan Govt.• They had two kings• One led the army the other was head of the

Govt.• Council of elders- made up of 28 male citizens

over the age of 60• The Council proposed laws and acted as a

criminal court• The assembly was made of all male citizens

over 30 yrs old• They voted on the laws proposed by the council

and they elected {ephors who made sure the king stayed within the laws}

Govt. Continued• There were five ephors who served one year

terms• Ephors also had control of the education of all

young Spartans

Spartan Military Society

Military

• The idea was to make every adult male citizen part of the Spartan Military machine

• When born if there are any birth defects you are left to die in the wilderness

• Babies were bathed in wine to toughen their skin and were taught not to be afraid of the dark

• They were also taught not to be picky about the food they ate

Life of Spartan Male• At 7 you left home and lived in a military

barracks where you learned to read and write• From 18 to 20 you were trained for war• At 20 you began your military service and could

marry• You could not live in your own home till 30• You could not engage in trade or business

because love of money interfered with discipline• You remained eligible for military service until

the age of 60• Older men were to work for the public good not

focus on their private lives

Spartan Women• {As future mothers Girls were also

brought up strong and healthy}

• Genetics, {They received strict physical training} and were taught to be loyal to the city-state

• Boys and girls studied music to learn coordination and discipline

• The Spartan society created little in the way of art, literature, philosophy and science.

Athens: The Birth of Democracy

Athens

• Located on one of the least fertile parts of Greece, Athenians turned to the sea to trade goods

• They built their city inland in order to protect it from pirates and invaders

• Athens was a typical polis built around the rocky hill of the Acropolis

• In times of war the people took refuge inside the walls of the city

The Walls of Athens

Society• Citizens were top in society, they might be

aristocrats or poor farmers, only men had political rights

• Females could not vote or hold political office• {Metics Free non citizens born outside of

Athens• They worked as merchants or artisans they were

free and paid taxes like the citizens}• They could not take part in government or own

land• As always slaves were at the bottom these were

people captured in war

Draco

Early Government• After Athens Monarchy ended the city-state had

an aristocratic government • Only citizens who owned land held office• All adult male citizens, however, met at

assembly• They elected generals in times of war• They also elected nine {Archons a ruler elected

to rule for one year}• {Draco is a Archon believed to have written

Athens first law code}• The law code was considered very harsh

Solon • Was a Archon in Athens in 594 BC

• He noticed more poor selling them selves into slavery over debt

• He erased the debt of the poor and outlawed slavery in payment of debt

• He also divided the citizens into 4 groups

• The two richest could hold public office

• All citizens could sit in assembly and the assembly elected those officials

Solon

Democracy

• {Cleisthenes seized power in Athens and created a direct democracy all citizens participated directly in making decisions}

• He divided the Athens citizens into 10 tribes

• Each tribe chose 50 men to form the council of 500

• Members served one year and could not be chosen twice

Continued

• The council proposed laws to the assembly• Athens courts also became more democratic• Each man could plea his own case • Jurors voted on a secret ballot • {Juries were chosen by lot not Nobles}• This was a direct democracy • Present day democracies like the U.S. use

representative democracy in which we elect representatives to govern for us

Section Review

• Who were The conquered people of Peloponnesus forced to work for the new invaders?

• Who made sure the king stayed within the law?

• What city state made sure their women had physical training?

• Who wrote the first Athenian law code?

The End?

Section 4

Daily life of Athens