Spanish 3 grammar book! good

27
Raúl Gudger

Transcript of Spanish 3 grammar book! good

Page 1: Spanish 3 grammar book! good

Raúl Gudger

Page 2: Spanish 3 grammar book! good

Presente

Stem Changers

Verbos Irregulares

Saber v.s. Conocer

Reflexivos

Se impersonal

-uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir

Hacer Expressions

Ser v.s. estar

Imperfect: irregulars & trigger words

Preterite Tense: irregulars, car/gar/zar, Spock, Cucaracha, Snake/Snakey, and Trigger words

Comparatives/Superlatives

Future: Irregulars & Trigger Words

Pret/Imperfect

Future/Conditional

Por

Para

Por vs. Para

Commands

Pres. Perfect

Double Object Pronouns

Pronouns

Adverbs

Subjunctive

Se impersonal

Progressive with ir, andar, seguir

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Presente- ar, er, ir -er conjugation

-ar conjugation Como Comemos

Comes Comèis

Come Comen

Hablo Hablamos

Hablas Habláis

Habla Hablan -ir conjugation

Describo Describimos

Descirbes Describis

Describe Describen

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*no stem change in nosotros or vosotros

e__ie perder__perdes

e__i pedir__pidis

o__ue dormir__duermo

u__ue jugar__juegan

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„go‟ verbs~ tengo, caer(se), -ir, poner, traer, venir

„zco‟ verbs~ conozco (-cer/-cir) conocer, producir, conducir

y los demás~ ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar

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Saber Conocer

People Facts

Carlos el numero.Albert Pujols

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Me, te, se, nos, os, se

Reflexivos can hook onto an infinitive:

El tiene que bañarse.

Nos, os, se can be used as each other

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Se is impersonal: Se halla ingles

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-uir

In present tense, they have a y…except for

nosotros and vosotros. Ex: Destruyo

-ger/-gir

g-j in the yo form. EX: Encojo

-cer

C-z in the yo form. Ex: Venzo

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hace + time expression + que + preterite

hace calor: to be warm

hace mucho tiempo: long time ago

hace buen tiempo: to be good weather

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Permanent situation Variable situation

Yo-soy él yo-estoy we-estamos

Tú-eres ella es tú-estás yall-estaís

usted 3rd-está 3rd-estan

-from -currently are

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IRREGULARS:

Ser Ver Ir

era eramos veia veiamos iba ibamos

eras erais veias veiais ibas ibais

era eran veia veian iba iban

Ar: aba

Er/Ir: ia

Trigger words: siempre, todos los dias, cada dia, etc.

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A perfected action

“snap-shot” of time

A beginning and/or ending

A past tense

ar er/ir

É amos í imos

aste asteis iste isteis

ó aron ió ieron

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Car/gar/zar

Verbs ending in –car turn to –que

Verbs ending in –gar turn to –gue

Verbs ending in –zar turn to –ce

Spock

Hacer: hice hiciste hizo

hicimos hicieron

Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue

fuemos fueieron

Dar:di diste dio dimos dieron

Var: vi viste vio vimos vieron

Ir ser

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CucarachaAndar:anduv-

Estar:estuv-

Poder:pud-

Poner:pus-

Querer:quis-

Saber:sup-

Tener:tuv-

Vener:vin-

Decir

Traer

Conducir ends in –j -ieron

Producir

Traducir

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Snake&Snakey

Snake

Dormi Dormimos

Dormiste

Dormió Dormieron

Usted y ustedes change

Snakey

Leí leimos

Leíste

Leyo leyeron

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Mas, menos, tan---como Formula:

*tan-so tanto-so much El/la/las/los+

tantas-so many noun+

Formula: mas/menos+

mas/menos+adj/adv/noun+que Adj.+

Numeros: de

Verb+mas/menos+[de]que

tan+adj/adv+como

Tanto/a(s)+noun+como

Verb+tanto+como

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é

ás

infinitive+ á

emos

án

Irregulars

decir: dir-

Haber: habr-

Hacer: har-

Poder: podr-

Poner: pondr-

Querer: querr-

Saber: sabr-

Salir: saldr-

Tener: tendr-

Valer: valdr-

Venir: vendr-

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Expresses ExampleCause or Reason Soy el numero uno porque soy inteligente.

Length of time Estudie por uno hora.

Movement through Corre por el ciudad.

a place

Agent El libre fue escrito por Raul

Substitution Trabaje por ella.

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Expresses ExampleDeadline El libre de gramatica es debido para miercoles.

Movement Voy para Walmart.

towards a place

Change of Los zapatos es para Raul.

Possesion

Comparision Ella esta rapido para una chica.

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Affirmative Affirmative

Tú- Put in tú & Ud/Uds- put in yo form

just drop the „s‟. & change to the opposite

Irregulars: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten, ven vowel.

Irregulars: TVDISHES

Tú- Put in yo form & Ud/Uds- same as above

change to the opposite

vowels, add an „s‟.

Irregulars: TVDISHES Irregulars: TVDISHES

TVDISHES:

Tenga Venga Dé/Diga Ir=Vaya

Sea Haya/Haga Esté Sepa

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The Present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary

verb has or have with the past participle.

haber -Past participle is for recent events.

he -Drop the infinitive ending and add

has either –ando(-ar)/-indo(-er/-ir)

ha haber

hemos había

han habías

había

habíamos

habían

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DOP: The object that directly recieves the

verb.

Tengo un idea.

When it is affirmative, the dop comes before

the verb: La como.

When it is negative just put no in front: No la

como.

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Add –mente to end

-mente = -ly

O A

If there are any accent marks than they stay.

Irregulars

Bestante-quite

Demasiado-too

Mal-badly

Mucho-a lot

Muy-very

Nunca-never

Peor-worse

Poco-little

Siempre-always

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The following fall under the category of Subjunctive: attitudes, uncertainties, and hypothetical

While in present subjunctive: conjugate and put in yoform with the opposite vowel.

Irregulars: conducir-condusca, decir-diga, oir-oiga.

Wish/want

Emotion

Doubt

Denial

Impersonal expression

Negatation

God

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The impersonal "se" is used with a third

person singular verb to express the

impersonal English subjects, one, you,

people, or they.

Ex: Se corre pausadamente en la noche.

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Ir + present part= is slowly but surely ___ing

Andar + present part= is going around ___ing

Seguir + present part= is still ____ing

Past Progressive= action in progress at a

specific time in past.