SPANISH 2 MIDTERM KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS:

Lección Preliminar

Definite and Indefinite Articles

Subject pronouns & ser

Adjective / Noun Agreement

The Verb Gustar

1.2 Direct Object Pronouns

*Direct object pronouns are words that replace direct object nouns. They receive the action of the verb in the sentence. I have the passport. I have it. Tengo el pasaporte. Lo tengo.

*Direct object pronouns can ALWAYS be placed BEFORE the conjugated verb. They may also be attached to the end of the infinitive. I see Sra. DeMaio. I see her. (Veo Sra. DeMaio. La veo.) I am going to pack the suitcase today. I am going to pack it. (Voy a hacer la maleta hoy. Voy a hacerla hoy. / La voy a hacer hoy.)

*Direct object pronouns can ALWAYS be placed BEFORE the conjugated verb. They may also be attached to the end of the infinitive. I see Sra. DeMaio. I see her. (Veo Sra. DeMaio. La veo.) I am going to pack the suitcase today. I am going to pack it. (Voy a hacer la maleta hoy. Voy a hacerla hoy. / La voy a hacer hoy.)

• modelo: En el verano vamos a Costa Rica. Mis abuelos _nos_ invitan.

• 1. Hablo en español con mis abuelos. Ellos _____ entienden muy bien.

• 2. Mis papás no compran los boletos. Mis abuelos _____ compran.

• 3. Hacemos cuatro maletas para la familia. Elena y yo _____ hacemos.

• 4. Elena tiene el traje de baño en su mochila. No _____ pone en la maleta.

• 5. El agente de viajes va a preparar nuestro itinerario. El agente _____ llama por teléfono porque tiene unas

preguntas.

• 6. Yo no puedo encontrar mi pasaporte. Busco por todo mi cuarto y _____ encuentro debajo de la cama.

• 7. Tomamos un taxi al aeropuerto. Mi madre _____ llama un día antes.

• 8. Tengo tu dirección electrónica. _____ mando un correo electrónico.

1.2 Indirect Object Pronouns

*Indirect object pronouns are words that replace indirect object nouns. They answer the questions to whom? or for whom? about the verb. They will usually have an “a phrase”. Rosa gives her a ticket. Rosa le da un boleto.

• Do you remember using gustar with indirect object pronouns? Who does the liking? (To whom does it please?)

• Me gustan las galletas. I like cookies. (The cookies are pleasing to me.) • The indirect object pronouns me, te, nos, and os are the same as the direct object pronouns. Only

the usted/él/ella and ustedes/ellos/ellas forms are different.

• In Spanish, you must use the indirect object pronoun to accompany the noun it modifies or to replace the noun. The pronoun appears before conjugated verbs.

• When an infinitive follows the conjugated verb, the indirect object pronoun can be placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive

Completa las oraciones cambiando el objeto indirecto a me, te, le, nos o les. (Complete the sentences with the correct indirect object pronouns.)

• modelo: el agente / vender / los boletos de ida y vuelta / a nosotros El agente nos vende los boletos de ida y vuelta.

• 1. el agente / dar / el itinerario / a mis padres • El agente les da el itinerario a mis padres.

• 2. mi padre / pagar / cuatrocientos dólares / a la agente de viajes • Mi padre le paga cuatrocientos dólares a la agente de viajes.

• 3. mis abuelos / dar / equipaje nuevo / a mí y a mi hermano • Mis abuelos nos dan equipaje nuevo a mí y a mi hermano

• 4. mi madre / regalar / un nuevo traje de baño / a mí / para el viaje • Mi madre me regala un nuevo traje de baño para el viaje.

• 5. yo / dar / mi perro / a ti / cuando voy de vacaciones • Yo te doy mi perro cuando voy de vacaciones.

• 6. nosotros / dar / el equipaje / al auxiliar de vuelo • Nosotros le damos el equipaje al auxiliar de vuelo.

1.2 Personal a

1.2 Interrogatives

Unlike English, whenever a specific person or group of people is the direct object of a verb in Spanish, the personal “a” must be used.

It is used before the person that is the direct object. That’s why it’s called the personal “a.“ In other words, if a person is being verbed (invited, looked at, known, etc), you must add an “a”

before the person. The personal “a” is generally NOT used after TENER. Example: Tengo muchos tíos. Sometimes we need to say the word “the” after the personal “a”. Example: I see the woman = Yo veo a la mujer. I want to visit my bothers = Yo quiero visitor a mis hermanos There are 4 ways to do this - use:

a la – if the person is feminine singular. al – if the person is masculine singular (we cannot use a el) a las – if the person is feminine plural. a los – if the person is masculine plural.

Include the personal “a” if necessary. 1. Veo ____ la televisión.

2. Busco ___ mis hermanos.

3. ¿Tienes ____ muchos primos?

4. Ella invita ____ mí a la fiesta.

Questions in Spanish often begin with one of the following interrogative words: adónde to where cuántos(as) how many cómo how dónde where cuál(es) which (ones) por qué why cuándo when qué what cuánto(a) how much quién(es) who

Notice that each interrogative word has a written accent and some have masculine, feminine, and plural forms. Qué can be followed directly by a noun but cuál cannot.

¿Qué hotel es el mejor? ¿Cuál de las llaves necesito? What hotel is the best? Which key do I need?

Translate the following: 1. Why does he study?

2. Where do we go?

3. When does she rest?

4. Why do I listen?

5. How is your class?

6. Who is your friend?

1.2 Preterite –ar verbs

The nosotros ending in the preterite tense is the same as in the present tense. Look for clues in the sentence

to help you determine whether the verb is in the present or past tense.

Acampamos anoche en el parque.

We camped last night in the park.

The word anoche tells you that the verb acampamos is in the preterite tense, not the present.

Example: Durante las vacaciones, yo monté a caballo, mi mamá visitó un museo y mis hermanos nadaron.

During vacation, I went horseback riding, my mom visited a museum, and my brothers went swimming.

1. yo / montar a caballo ___________________________________________________________

2. nosotros / viajar a la playa ___________________________________________________________

3. ellos / acampar ___________________________________________________________

4. Gaby / tomar fotos ___________________________________________________________

5. tú / mandar tarjetas postales ___________________________________________________________

6. Gaby y Alejandro / hablar ___________________________________________________________

7. nosotras / escuchar música ___________________________________________________________

8. Mamá / comprar recuerdos ___________________________________________________________

9. Mi amiga y yo / regatear ___________________________________________________________

10. tú / visitar el mercado ___________________________________________________________

1.2 Irregular preterites

Ir & Ser

The preterite forms of ir and ser are exactly the same.

You must use clues in the sentence to determine whether ir or ser is used in the preterite.

Fuimos al parque de diversiones. ¡Fue un día muy divertido!

We went to the amusement park. It was a very fun day!

Hacer

Hacer has its own preterite-tense forms. In the usted/él/ella

form, the c of the stem becomes a z before o.

¿Qué hizo usted ayer? Hice la tarea.

What did you do yesterday? I did homework.

Ver & Dar

The verbs ver and dar take regular -er/-ir past tense endings in the

preterite but have no written accent marks.

Vimos mucho arte interesante en el museo. We saw a lot of

interesting art at the museum.

Mi amigo me dio un regalo. My friend gave me a gift.

Di lo que estas personas hicieron o no hicieron la semana pasada.

modelo: Elena / ir a la biblioteca / viernes Elena (no) fue a la biblioteca el viernes.

1. yo / ver a mis amigos / domingo ___________________________________________________

2. nosotros / ir al centro comercial / jueves ____________________________________________

3. Papá / hacer una excursión / martes ________________________________________________

4. tú / dar una caminata / sábado ___________________________________________________

5. mi amigo y yo / hacer la tarea / lunes _______________________________________________

6. Alejandro y Natalia / ver las atracciones / viernes _____________________________________

7. yo / darle un regalo a mi madre / miércoles __________________________________________

8. ustedes / ir de compras / domingo _________________________________________________

2.1 Preterite –er / -ir

Regular –er and –ir verbs have different endings from –ar verbs.

Regular –er and –ir verbs have the SAME endings in the preterite tense.

Note that the NOSOTROS forms of –ir verb have the same endings and the present tense verbs. So you

will have to look for context clues to determine if the verb is present or preterite.

o Recibimos el premio ayer. We received the prize (award) yesterday.

Demonstrative Adjectives

In English, the demonstratives this, these, that,

and those are used to point out specific things or

people.

A demonstrative can be an adjective or a

pronoun, and it agrees with the noun it

describes or replaces.

o Those rings are expensive. Esos

anillos son caros

Demonstratives indicate where something

is.

In Spanish, they show if something is close to, not as close to, or far away from the speaker.

Demonstrative adjectives appear before the noun.

They agree in gender and number with the noun

they describe.

¿Cuánto cuesta este anillo?

How much does this ring cost?

Ese anillo cuesta diez dólares.

That ring costs ten dollars.

Aquel anillo es más barato.

That ring (over there) is cheaper.

Demonstrative pronouns take the place of nouns.

They agree in gender and number with the noun

they replace.

¿Cuánto cuesta éste?

How much does this one cost?

Ése cuesta diez dólares.

That one costs ten dollars

Aquél es más barato.

That one (over there) is cheaper.

2.2 Pensar + infinitive, Reflexive Verbs, & Present Progressive

SEE CURRENT 2.2 Packet for Practice & Review