SPAIN

GENERAL

Area .. ....... 505,207 sq. km.Population . 21,338,38i (i92o).

Per sq. km. . . 42Length of land frontiers: with Portugal 987 km.

with France . . . . 677 )

Total ....... 1,664 km.Length of coastline ............ 3,44Length of railways: 15,222 km. (in 1921).

I.

Army.

A. SUPREME MILITARY AUTHORITY AND ITSORGANS

The King is Supreme Head of the Land and Sea Forces

i. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENCE 1

The Council of National Defence determines the main lines of militarypolicy, army organisation, etc.

It is composed as follows:President: H.M. the King.Members: The Prime Minister;

All former Prime Ministers;The Minister for War;The Minister of Marine;

By Decree dated March 27th, i924, this Council was abolished pending the organi-sation of the Defence Committee.

SPAIN 911

The Chief of the Military General Staff;The Chief of the Naval War Staff;The Marshals;The Admirals.

Secretary: The Chief of the Military General Staff.

2. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION.

The Central Administration of the Army consists of the followingbodies :

Ministry of War;General Staff;Supreme Naval and Military Board;Headquarters of the Royal Guard;Headquarters of the Carabineers ;Headquarters of the Civil Guard;Headquarters of the Veterans' Corps and Hospital;Headquarters of the Army Chaplains Department.

(a) Ministry ol War.

The Ministry consists of:Under-Secretary's Office;Infantry Department;Cavalry Department;Ordnance Department;Engineers' Department;Medical Department;Department of Judge Advocate-General and other Affairs;Department of Training and Recruiting;Quartermaster-General's Department (Intendance);Administrative Services Department (Finance);Remounts Department;Department and Headquarters of Military Air Force.

The Under-Secretary's Office is under a divisional general andeach department is under a brigadier-general.

War Archives.

The War Archives consist of the following departments:Annual Army List,Geographical Section.Department of the Artificers and Topographical Detachment

of the General Staff,Library, Archives,Printing Branch.

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(b) General Staff.

The General Staff is responsible for the organisation and trainingof the army and preparation for war.

Composition:Chief of the General Staff and Inspector-General : a captain-general or

lieutenant-general;Assistant Chief of General Staff: a divisional general on the active list;Permanent Secretariat office and three groups:

Field Service Group.

Ist Section. Operations; Manoeuvres; Staff College.2nd Section. Organisation and mobilisation; recruiting; territorial

organisation; reserve cadre.

3rd Section. Mobilisation equipment ; munitions; fortresses;industrial, agricultural, etc., mobilisation; field medical corps; statistics.

Permanent Group.

4th Section. Intelligence ; historical work; publications; reviewWar and preparation for War.

5th Section. The territory and means of communication; the studyof home defence ; transport schemes.

6th Section. Military science; normal and advanced military trainingof officers ; training programmes in the military academies and schools;manoeuvres.

Railway Group.

This group consists of four commissions, three at Madrid and oneat Barcelona.

(c) Supreme Military and Naval Board.

The Supreme Military and Naval Board consists of a president,military advisers who are generals or admirals, legal advisers from theJudge Advocate-General's departments in the army and navy; onemilitary prosecutor ; one judicial prosecutor (from the Judge Advocate-General's departments in the army or navy) ; and one military secretary.

The Board has a secretariat, a military prosecutor's office and ajudicial. prosecutor's office. The Board exercises supreme jurisdictionover the army and navy. It fixes the pay of officers on the retired listand the pensions of deceased officers' families. It has advisory powerson certain questions.

SPAIN 913

(d) Central Board (Junta) for the mobilisation of Civil Industries.

This Board consists of representatives of the chemical, metallurgicaland mining industries. The Assistant Chief of the Army General Staff,the Assistant Chief of the Naval War Staff and the Chief of theSection for the mobilisation of civil industries, established by the RoyalDecree of June 21, I920, consisting of officers of the different arms andpresided over by a General of Brigade, are also members of the Board.The Board is presided over by a Lieutenant-Colonel assisted by a Majorof Infantry and a Major of Artillery.

B. CONSTITUTION OF THE ARMY

The Spanish Army is normally divided into three main organi-sations :

The Regular Army, with the auxiliary services of the central anddistrict administrations.

The Reserve, with the necessary mobilisation services. It is organisedon the same plan as the Regular Army, in such a way as to ensureprompt, efficient and smooth co-operation as regards the commandof units drawn from both categories.

The Territorial Army, with the cadres of the units' of which it iscomposed.

The Regular Army on a peace footing may be said to be a permanentschool in military leadership and training and the preparation for war;it consists of the following:

The Army of the Peninsula, composed of the forces intended bothfor national defence and for all the military operations required in theinterest of the country;

The garrisons of the Balearic and Canary Islands, organised on adefensive basis with the material found in each island;

The African Colonial Army, whose, strength is proportionate tothe task entrusted to Spain in the protected zone, and which is composedof troops from the Peninsula and native troops recruited, as far aspossible, by voluntary enlistment.

C. MILITARY AREAS

THE PENINSULA, ADJACENT ISLANDS AND NORTH AFRICAN POSSESSIONS.

The units of territorial division are the province and the district.The territory of the Peninsula is divided into eight military areas.The Balearic Isles and the Canary Islands constitute two military

areas, each under the command of a lieutenant-general. The fort-resses of Ceuta and Tetuan, Larache, Alcazar and Arcila, with their

58

914 SPAIN

outer camp, together with the fortresses of Melilla and outer camp,of Alhucemas, the Pefion and the Chafarine Isles inclusive constitutetwo commands, each with a divisional general as commandant'.

Each area is under a lieutenant-general with the title of captain-general, who commands all the regular and reserve troops and all mili-tary organisations in the area. The Commandants of Ceuta and Melillahave the same powers over the troops and military institutions in theirrespective areas.

The military zone of Gibraltar Camp is commanded by a divisionalgeneral who is subordinate to the captain-general of the second area.

The fortress of Ferrol is under the command of a Military Governorwith the rank of brigadier-general; the military governors of Cadizand Carthagena rank as divisional generals

The territory allotted to the various districts, captain-generals'commands and North African commands is shown in the table:

Each captain-general's headquarters consists of:

Headquarters staff;Artillery headquarters;Engineer headquarters;District Board for the mobilisation of civilian industries;" Auditoria de Guerra ";Judge-Advocate's Department (Fiscalia Juridico Militar);Quartermaster's Department (Intendance);District Paymaster;Military Finance Department;Medical Inspector's Department;Chaplain (Lieutenant);Chief Veterinarv Officer's Department.

1 The High Commissioner is at present Commander-in-Chief of these two commands.

SPAIN 915

MILITARY AREAS.

<3 C §d Headquarters. Provinces Areas, Captain-Generals' Provinces, islandsincluded. and other commands. Headquarters. or fortresses included

Madrid ValladolidToledo Salamanca

Io Madrid Ciudad Real Vlldlid ZamoraBadajoz vaaolid AvilaCuenca SegoviaJacn C/ceres

Seville CorunnaCadiz Lugo

Sevilla Cordoba Orense20Huelva 70 CorufSaHuelva 7Coua PontevedraGranada OviedoMalaga { Le6n

Valence Islands ofMurcia Majorca

V0 Valence Alicante 80 Balearic Mjorca30 VAlbaceante 80 lan . Palma de Minorca

Almeria Command Mallorca IbizaFormenteraBarcelona Cabrera

40 'Barcelona GeronaGeronda Islands ofL-"rida TeneriffeTarragona Canary Santa Cruz TGoeraSaragosse CoIslands de Palma, HierroHuesca Command Teneriffe Grand CanaryTeruel Fuerteventura

50 Saragosse SoriaGuadalajara Spanish The whole Spa-Castell6n de Army in Tetuan nish protected

la Plana Africa. zone in Africa.Burgosvrgos \ Ceuta and Me-Navarra lilla CommandsSantander

60 Burgos AlavaVizcayaGuipAzcoaLogrofioPalencia

A captain-general's area corresponds to a district, which is a purely territorial division.

SPAIN

TERRITORIAL MILITARY AREAS.

.oR~A GOLFE De 6ASCO61Y.tRgion.

/ F RANCE

_ ~' ^ VALLAOO.D , - -. -.. / v-

4 >. . oreRg.on

2- ,A VL ... A —

.... Area boundaries.I -Area headquarters..I//^S LVLL I'F \ ^ >

- —. - Area boundaries.

I Area headquarters.

SPAIN :9r7

D. HIGHER UNITS

I. THE PENINSULA

First Territorial Area.Ist and 2nd Divisions. Each Division includes:

2 Infantry Brigades of two regiments each;r Artillery Brigade consisting of:

I Regiment of Field Artillery;i Regiment of Heavy Artillery;i Light Cavalry Regiment;i Divisional Artillery Park; Engineer, Intendance and

Medical Units.i Light Mountain Brigade, consisting of:

2 half-Brigades of 3 mountain battalions each;2 Cavalry Brigades of two regiments each.

The other units attached to the First Territorial Area are as follows :i Infantry Training Battalion;i Regiment of light cavalry;i Group of training squadrons;i Artillery training group;i Horse Artillery Regiment;2 Field Artillery Regiments of which one belongs to the Tenth

Division (5th Area), and the other to the Twelfth Division(6th Area);

i Regiment of Field Engineers;2 Railway regiments;i Telegraph Regiment;i Wireless Telegraphy Battalion;i Intendance Regiment;i Regiment of Medical troops.

Second Territorial Area.3rd and 4th Divisions. The composition of these divisions is the

same as that of the ist and 2nd: in addition, the Fourth Division includes:i Cavalry Brigade of two Regiments.

The other units attached to the Second Territorial Area are as follows :i Regiment of Infantry;i Light Mountain Battalion belonging to the Light Mountain

Brigade of the First Area;I Regiment of Position Artillery;i Regiment of Field Engineers;i Intendance Regiment.;I Regiment of Medical troops;i Regiment of Coast Artillery;

918 SPAIN

Third Territorial Area.5th and 6th Divisions, the composition of which is the same as that

of the Ist and 2nd Divisions, except that the Heavy Artillery Regimentof the Artillery Brigade of the 5th Division has not yet been organised,and that the 6th Division possesses no Divisional Park and no Engineer.Intendance or Medical units;

The other units attached to this Area are as follows i Regiment of Infantry;i Regiment of Coast Artillery;i Regiment of Field Engineers;i Intendance Regiment, andi Regiment of Medical troops.

Fourth Territorial Area.7th and 8th Divisions, the composition of which is the same as that

of the ist and 2nd Divisions, except that the 8th Division includes oneadditional Infantry Brigade of two Regiments and that the Heavy Artil-lery Regiment of this Division has not yet been organised.

i Light Mountain B.igade, consisting of:2 Half-Brigades of 3 Mountain Battalions each;i Cavalry Brigade of 2 Regiments.

The following units are also attached to the Fourth Area:i Regiment of Mountain Artillery;i Regiment of Position Artillery;i Regiment of Field Engineers;i Intendance Regiment;x Regiment of Medical troops.

Fifth Territorial Area.9th and ioth Divisions. The composition of the 9th Division is

the same as that of the Ist Division, except that the Heavy ArtilleryRegiment of the Artillery Brigade has not yet been organised. Theioth Division only includes i Infantry Brigade, the other being attachedto the Fourth Infantry Area. The Artillery Brigade of the ioth Divisionconsists of:

i Regiment of Field Artillery;i )), Heavy Artillery;I )) ), Light Cavalryi )) )) Bridge train;i >) )~ Field balloonists;i Intendance Regiment;i Regiment of Medical troops;i Battalion of scouts;Divisional Artillery Park;Engineer, Intendance and Medical units.

SPAIN 919

Sixth Territorial Area.iith, I2th and I3th Divisions. The composition of the IIth and I2th

Divisions is normally the same as that of the Ist and 2nd Divisions,except that the Regiment of Heavy Artillery of the Artillery Brigadeof the IIth Division has not yet been organised.

The 13th Division includes in addition a cavalry brigade of 2 regi-ments. The artillery brigade of this division does not possess a Regimentof Heavy Artillery - the latter not having yet been organised - nora divisional artillery park, engineer, intendance or medical units.

The other units attached to this area are the following:i Regiment of Field Artillery;2 Regiments of Position Artillery;I Regiment of Field Engineers;i Intendance Regiment;i Regiment of Medical troops.

Seventh Territorial Area.I4th Division, the composition of which is the same as that of the

first. The other units attached to this area are:i Regiment of Field Artillery, belonging to i6th Division of

the 8th area;i Regiment of Position Artillery;i Intendance Regiment;i Group of Medical troops.

Eighth Territorial Area.I5th and I6th Divisions, the composition of which is the same as

that of the Ist Division.The other units attached to this area are

i regiment of Infantry;i ,, ) Light Cavalry (belonging to the I5th division).i )), ) Mountain Artillery;i )) ) Coast Artillery;I , )) Engineers;i Intendance Regiment;I regiment of Medical troops.

2. THE ISLANDS.

Captain-General's Headquarters, Balearic Islands.The Military Forces of the Balearic Islands include a Headquarters

Staff, an Infantry Brigade of two regiments, and garrison troops con-sisting of:

i Regiment of Infantry;i Section of Light Cavalry;i Regiment of Mixed Artillery;i Group of Engineers;4 Sections of Intendance troops.

920 SPAIN

Captain-General's Headquarters, Canary Islands.The military forces of the Canary Islands include a Headquarters

Staff, a Brigade of Infantry of two regiments and garrison troops con-sisting of:

i Regiment of Artillery;i Group of Engineers;I Section of Intendance troops; andi Section of Medical troops.

E. ARMS AND SERVICES

1. ARMS.

The regular army in the Peninsula and adjacent islands is dividedinto the following units:

(i) Royal Guard of Halberdiers.

({2) Infantry:(a) In the Peninsula: 64 infantry regiments; 3 regiments of marines;(b) In the Balearics: 3 infantry regiments;(c) In the Canaries: 2 infantry regiments;Composition of regiments : variable. The number of combatant

battalions depends on the resources of the annual budget.There are at present:

12 Infantry Regiments of 3 combatant battalions each;26 Infantry Regiments of 2 combatant battalions each and

i Reserve Battalion;32 Infantry Regiments of i combatant battalion each and

2 Reserve battalions;2 Infantry Regiments of 2 combatant battalions each;

12 Light Mountain Battalions;i Training Battalion;i Tank Battalion;

(3) Cavalry:

The Royal Escort:27 Cavalry regiments (the regiments stationed in Spain consist

of 6 squadrons (3 combatant, I mixed, i reserve and i dep6t) ;4 Horse breeding and training depots;8 Studs of stallions;2 squadron groups in the Balearic and Canary Islands;I training squadron group;i district remount depot;

SPAIN 921

(4) Artillery:i6 regiments of field artillery;9 regiments of heavy artillery;i regiment of horse artillery;3 regiments of mountain artillery;i artillery training group;5 Fortress and Position artillery regiments;3 regiments of coast artillery;

i6 divisional parks.

(5) Engineers:6 regiments of field engineers;2 regiments of railway troops;i telegraph regiment;i regiment of bridge train;i field wireless telegraphy battalion;i battalion of balloonists;Air Force troops;Garrison units;Electro-technical detachment, consisting of one regular wireless

telegraphy unit and several mixed units of motor-cars,cyclists and motor cyclists;

i topographical detachlment;I search light company;3 companies of fortress engineers for naval bases;i company of artificers;The engineer detachments in Majorca, Minorca, Teneriffe and

Grand Canary.

(b) Air Force ·(a) Flying Branch.

The Flying Branch consists of:Headquarters;3 Regiments;Inspector of Material (laboratories, arsenals, ordnance);Inspector of Training;2 pilot schools of which one is Civil (Albacet6, Burgos);i school for observers (Cuatro Vientos);I Training school (Alcala) ;i examination school (Cuatro Vientos);I school of aerial gunnery and bombing (Los Alcazares);i school of mechanics and artificers (Cuatro Vientos).

Madrid Air Station:2 groups of flights,Aerodrome of Cuatro Vientos;Aerodrome of Getafe.

922 SPAIN

Seville Air Station:i group of flights,Aerodrome of Armilla (Granada).Leon Air Station:i group of flights.

(b) Ballooning Branch.Headquarters,I regiment,I balloon battalion (already mentioned under Engineers);Central establishment (laboratories, workshops, parks and expe-

riments).

II. SERVICES.(i) Artillery.

8 artillery headquarters corresponding to the 8 areas;i artillery headquarters in the Balearics;i > , )) )) Canaries;i ) workshop, laboratory and electro-technical department.This establishment is intended to standardise manufacturing pro-

cesses, chemical analyses of raw materials and of substances employedin the manufacture of war material, more particularly explosives, etc.

i6 divisional artillery parks;Siege artillery parks;Depots.

Factories National Factory, Toledo.Manufactures Mauser cartridges, bayonets for Mauser rifles, and

surgical instruments and appliances.Seville Arsenal.Manufactures harness, pack-saddles and accoutrements employed

by the siege, field or mountain artillery and machine-gun corps ; varioustypes of tractors for light and heavy artillery and various kinds ofarms and accessories used by artillery.

Artillery Factory, Seville.Manufactures cannon and projectiles of different classes and calibres.Military Pyrotechnic Factory, Seville.Manufactures service cartridges for small arms and pyrotechnical

appliances used by artillery.Gunpowder Factory, Murcia.This factory covers I3.72 hectares, of which 24,000 sq. metres are

occupied by buildings.The Murcia Saltpetre Works form an annex to the factory.

SPAIN 923

Gunpowder and Explosives Factory, Granada.The daily output of the ;actory is I,ooo kg. of gunpowder and Ioo kg.

of explosives.Small Arms Factory, Oviedo.Manufactures Mauser rifles. In 1922, a new workshop was opened

for the large-scale manufacture of Hotchkiss machine-guns.

Trubia Factory.Manufactures projectiles of all calibres.The factory possesses hydraulic steam and electric power appliances,

providing more than 3,500 h. p.

Chemicals Factory (Gozquez).

(2) Engineers.

8 engineer 'headquarters (i per area);i headquarters in the Balearics;i headquarters in the Canaries;The Electro-Technical and Communications Department consists of

the permanent and semi-permanent military wireless telegraphy corps- laboratory and school - motor transport and motor-cycle corps.

The workshops, fortress parks and reserve parks manufacture allmaterial used by the engineer battalions and iron and steel materialused by infantry. The fortress parks and reserve parks of the engineersare attached to the workshops.

The engineer supplies laboratory is attached to the Electro-Tech-nical and Communications Department, under the terms of the Lawof June 1918. It is divided into the following four sections:

(i) Electrical and photometrical experiments;(2) Experiments in physics;(3) Microscopic and mechanical experiments;(4) Chemical experiments.

(3) Medical Service.

It includes:8 army medical regiments;2 Medical Corps headquarters in the Balearics;2 , ) ) ) Canaries;Military hospitals in the different areas;Medical services attached to the divisions.Army Medical Supply Depot prepares supplies required by the

army medical units, field ambulances and military hospitals.Institute of Military Hygiene (Madrid).This institute contains various sections and laboratories, e.g., the

analytical laboratory; bacteriology; sera, etc.

924 SPAIN

The Central Pharmaceutical Laboratory.Buys raw material and prepares chemical and medical products.

(4) Intendance Service.8 Intendance (Regiments) areas headquarters (i per area).4 Intendance Sections area in the Balearic Islands.I Intendance Section area in the Canary Islands.

Central Intendance Establishment.Provides service stores and equipment.

(5) Horse-Breeding, Training and Remounts Service.8 inspectors of horse-breeding zones.i Central Purchasing Board.I Central Artillery Remounts Board.

Service of horse-breeding and horse and mule census. 1

8 area boards (i per area).

(6) Chaplains.Under the Army Chaplains Department.

(7) Judge Advocate-General's Department.Each area or command has an "Auditoria ", a military pro-

secutor's office and a variable number of examining Judges.

(8) Veterinary Corps.i Chief Veterinary Officer attached to each District or each Com-

mandant's staff in Africa.

F. AUXILIARY FORCES

(CIVIL GUARD, CARABINIERS, "SOMATENES ".)

The auxiliary forces are composed, first, of troops which serve on apermanent engagement, and, secondly, of troops called up on certainoccasions for service in specified zones. The Civil Guard belongs to thefirst group and its duty in time of peace is to keep public order, providefor the security of the roads and countryside, and see to the observanceof by-laws, search for criminals, and provide assistance to anyone inneed of it. It is organised under the Ministry of War and carries out itsduties under the orders of the Ministry of the Interior. The Civil Guardis distributed throughout the Peninsula, the Balearic and Canary Islandsand Africa. It is divided into 3,I34 stations grouped in 548 " lines "

1 These organisations, which are neither civil nor military in character, are intendedto encourage the development of horse-breeding and are formed under the orders of theMinistry in the eight Inspectors' areas.

SPAIN 925

(lineas), forming 174 companies, 39 mounted squadrons and 5 mountedsections, compcsing 63 Headquarters, 60 of which provide 26 foot regi-ments (tercios), 3 independent groups, and i mounted regiment (tercio)making a grand total of 2I,027 foot and 5,233 mounted guards, with4,912 horses.

Similar duties to that of the Civil Guard are performed in theirrespective provinces by the mozos of the Barcelona squadrons,by the minones of Biscay and Alaba and by the miqueletesof Guipuzcoa. The Barcelona squadrons and the migones andmiqueletes are organised on a military footing; in matters of organi-sation and discipline they are under the Ministry of War, while they per-form their duties under ,the orders of the Provincial Assemblies,and are paid by them; they are commanded by seconded or retiredarmy officers.

The principal duty in peace-time of the Royal Carabinier Corps,which also belongs to the first group of auxiliary forces, is to preventand suppress smuggling on the coast and frontiers. It is divided into15 deputy inspectors' districts; the latter are divided into 32 groups,which are subdivided into Io07 companies of foot, 6 squadrons of horse,and 4 supernumerary mounted sections. The total strength is 15,027foot, 497 marine and 450 mounted carabineers, with an equal numberof horses. The corps is distributed among 1,749 stations in the Peninsulaand the Balearics, more particularly in the frontier zone and on thesea-coast.

The second group of auxiliary forces consists of the Somatenes,which aie being organised in all the Spanish provinces and in the townsof the Morocco Protectorate.

This civilian organisation is responsible for keeping the peace, forseeing that the laws are observed and the legally constituted authoritiesrespected, for dealing with bandits and persons disturbing the peacein the interior of the country, and tor apprehending persons wantedby the police.

The Somatenes are organised by districts. The Captain-Generalof each district is ex officio commander in chief ; he has under his ordersa commandant, who ranks as an infantry brigadier-general at thedistrict headquarters. The chiefs and officers of the auxiliary forceswill be chosen by the Captain-Generals among the officers detailedfor the reserve areas and recruiting offices.

The Somatenes may be recruited from men over 23 years ofage, of good moral character and exercising a profession or holdingan appointment in the places where they reside. They will be armedwith their own rifles; corporals, lance-corporals, etc., will be armedwith revolvers, subject to authorisation, by the competent militaryauthorities.

926 SPAIN

SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS.

Brigades. Regiments. Battalions . Squadrons.

.S; __ __ —__

1 ! ..o 6 1623 a4 I 4

10f16 33 5 I6 721! 272!33 4 Io 4 124 90 13f 581 27 27 27

Including 3 in the Balearics, i each at the naval bases of Cadiz, Cartagena and Ferrol, and a in the Canaries.Including i6 field artillery, 9 heavy, i horse, 4 mountain and 3 mixed.8 Including 6 of field engineers, 2 of railway troops, i military telegraph, i bridge train, exclusiveofunitsin Africa.'12 Light Mountain battalions and i Instructional.s The number of combatant and reserve battalions varies according to the budget.

G. MATERIAL IN SERVICE IN THE UNITS '

Rifles and carbines ............... 324,000Pistols and revolvers .1............ . I 2,000Light machine-guns ............... 400Machine-guns ... .......... 850Guns and howitzers of calibre less than 120 mm. . 1,500Guns, howitzers and mortars of calibre exceeding

120 mm . ................ Q 327Tanks ......... 25

AIR FORCE (INCLUDING COLONIES).

Heavier-than-air.Complete aeroplanes:

Bombing . . . . . Total number, including reserve aero-Fighting . . . . . 51 planes in the units, but excludingReconnaissance . . 344 training machines.Spare engines in the units (total) ........... 383

Lighter-than-air.Dirigibles (number and total volume) ..........Captive balloons (complete) .. ........ . 5Captive balloons (in reserve units) .8........ 8

1 As on January Ist, I923.

H. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVESI924-1925

GENERAL TABLE, SHOWING CENTRAL AND DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

AND ARMS AND SERVICES.

GENERALS UNIT COMMANDERS, OFFICERS, etc.

ARMS AND SERVICES , j U

,.:w 5 ' '~ o 0 '" a -< k

General Staff ....... . 11531 95 142 - - -— - - — — .- 9- -~

Staffs ............- 21 71106 60 258

Royal Guards (Halberdiers). .- - 1 1 3 3 4 3 8 16 1 38 -

Veterans' Corps and Hospital....-. . - 51 36 23 70 304 12 496 - 18GInfantrya.-.. . . . -- - - - 113 249 432 1n,366 1,339 241 86 3,826 — Cavalry ................ -- - 53 64 148 334 423 - - 1,022 -- —

Artillery .. 67 122 281 676 584 130 1 1,861 8Engineers. ............... .. 34 81 119 251 238 83 1 807 -

Intendance.-.............. — - 3 6 9 23 81 102 218 187 22 1 634

Judge Advocate-General's Department. . - 4 5 9 14 20 20 34 11 - 99 -

Financial .Department .-........ - i 1 3 4 12 40 71 48 11 - - 182 (Medil Service Medical.-...... — 3 6 9 24 81 173 310 69 14 671 -

I Dispensing .-...-.-. 1 1 4 15 28 52 42 - 141 — -

Chaplains. .............. ---- 1 10 15 112 110 - 248 - -

Veterinary Corps .. 3 9 23 87H103 225

Train.............- - 5 I _- - --· -- 5Miscellaneous arms and corps....... —- — — — 4 126 53 1074 1522 - 442Artificers and topographical detachment . -- - 2 10 13 4 29 - -

Auxiliary corps for military offices. . . . -. - . 4 7 29 93 108 104 345Horses of aides-de-camp, minister and details

TOTAL .... .1 15 42 117 175 431 1,0201,629 3,831 3,702 626 90 11,329 8 18 !

I Captains of squadrons, pilots and observers. - Air-men.

BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES (continued)I924-I925

GENERAL TABLE, SHOWING CENTRAL AND DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION 00AND ARMS AND SERVICES.

_Staff _________ _ _______A N IM A L SSecretaries

ARMS AND SERVICES HORSES MULES4.J 'C 0 Q;2 1 C

.,.__ _- ,. & oI

General Staff ........... ...- - 143 - - 143Staffs . . .............. . 6 - 246 62 - 2 - - - 310Royal Guards (Halberdiers) ........ 260 Veterans' Corps and Hospital ... .... - - -444 _ Infantry ....... .........- . 341 60,383 684 62 1,995 613 3,354 Cavalry.- ................ —1— 75 15,604 1,399 9,297 584 1,262 1,360 - 4 13,906Artillery ................. 6 --Artillery . . . . . . . ........ .- . 584 23,866 1,355 3,577 7 5,459 200 1,232 157 11,987Engineers ... . 83 10,848 312 484 44 642 - 432 528 2,442Intendance ............. . — I 68 4,231 140 188 - - - 248 1,062 1,638Judge Advocate-General's Department .... _ Financial Department .... . .- - __ _- -

Medical Service dical. . . 33 2,148 86 96 -- -- -- 268 245 695Medical ServiceMedical . ....... --Chaplains. .. . . - - -- ..... . -- Veterinary Corps .. . . ........ Train . ................ - _ I Miscellaneous arms and corps .. ..... 3,152 122 I Artificers and topographical detachment . — - 728 - _ -- - -Auxiliary corps for military offices . . .. 359 277 -

TOTAL ..... 359 277 1,191 121,664 4,487 13,766 635 7,365 1,560 4,175 2,609 34,597

SPAIN 929

I. RECRUITING SYSTEM

I. ORGANISATION OF RECRUITING AND RESERVE AREAS.

The territory of the Peninsula is divided, for the purposes of recruit-ing and the organisation of army drafts, into 113 districts, each ofwhich has a recruiting depot and a reserve centre.

The Balearic Islands are divided into three areas - Palma, Inca andIbiza; there is also a recruits' depot at Minorca.

The Canary Islands are divided into three areas - Teneriffe, GrandCanary and Las Palmas.

There is also a recruits' depot in the islands of Lanzarote, Fuerte-ventura and Gomera.

These districts are grouped in 76 reserve regiments for the purposesof the administration, organisation and internal services, of the unitsdrawn from them.

2. GENERAL ORGANISATION.

Military service is universal and must be performed in person;recruiting is on a national basis. The annual contingent is divided intotwo groups - those fit for general service and those fit for auxiliarybranches only, according to physical capacity.

The regular army is recruited from:(i) The young men of the annual contingent who are passed for

general service. These are divided into two categories: normalservice (two years) and reduced service (nine months only, onpayment of a sum varying according to the financial positionof the recruit).

(2) Men fit for general service and wishing to re-engage, providedthey are not over the age of 39, or, in the case of Morocco, 40.

(3) Volunteers between the ages of i8 and 21.

3. EXEMPTIONS AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS.

The law provides for total or partial exemption from military servicein the case of physical incapacity, and lays down that men may beemployed either in all branches of the service or only in one of theauxiliary services.

Service may be postponed on application:(i) for five years, in the case of persons who are the main support

of their families;(2) for educational reasons, until the education is finished;(3) owing to residence abroad (five years' postponement in the case

of residence in Europe or Africa and 14 years in the case ofresidence in North or South America).

Members of Class i (those with dependents) are exempted fromservice after the fifth postponement.

59

930 SPAIN

4. DURATION OF MILITARY OBLIGATIONS AND SERVICE.

Military service, reckoned from the date on which the young mencome under the jurisdiction of the military authorities and until dateon which they are finally incorporated, is for i8 years, as follows:

Recruits in training at the depot .......... (variable)First period of active service ..... 2 yearsSecond ) )) .... (unattached) 4 »ISt Reserve .. 6 2nd Reserve (until completion of 18 years' service).The normal period of service of recruits for the first period is two years,

but, when the initial period of training is completed, the Governmentmay grant several months' furlough or indefinite leave, provided alwaysthat each man serves for at least i8 months. The second active servicecategory includes:

i. Young men who have completed their service in the first activeservice category;

2. Men whose service has been postponed for family reasons, andyoung men temporarily exempted for reasons of health or physicalincapacity after two medical re-examinations which take place in thesecond and fourth year respectively after their enrolment in the recruit-ing lists.

The period of service with the colours may be reduced to ninemonths in all, in the case of men fit for general service, who have under-gone the theoretical and practical training for privates and corporals,if they undertake to equip, mount, and maintain themselves and topay a fee varying from i,ooo to 5,000 pesetas, according to their financialposition.

J. CADRES

x. N.C.O.s.

Promotion to the rank of corporal may take place after four months'service.

Promotion to the rank of sergeant may take place after six months'service as corporal.

In peace-time, sergeants are promoted to the rank of warrant-officer by seniority, without exception, in the order of the promotionlists, provided that they are recognised as fit for promotion and haveheld their rank for not less than six years continuously.

2. OFFICERS.

There are following training centres:Staff College,Central Musketry School,

SPAIN 931

Riding School,Army Medical Academy,Infantry School,Cavalry Academy,Artillery School,School of Engineers,School of Intendance,Central School of gymnastics, etc.

Vacancies in the six last-mentioned establishments are filled bycompetitive examination. The period of training is three years inthe Infantry, Cavalry and Intendance Schools, five years in the Artilleryand Engineer's Schools, and one year in the Medical Academy. TheMusketry and Riding Schools are advanced training centres for officers.

The object of the Staff College is to impart advanced instruction inmilitary subjects to army officers and to train officers for the GeneralStaff and the General Staff Reserve. The school takes only infantry,cavalry, artillery or engineer officers with two years' service, who havepassed an examination. The course lasts three years. After completinga theoretical course, the officers do two years' practical training. Theythen return to their units, but are entitled to a special badge, to a bonusof 20 per cent on captain's pay until their third promotion, and to acertain priority in promotion to the rank of gereral when they havereached the rank of full colonel. Those who are appointed to the GeneralStaff are given the rank of capitain, if ranking as lieutenants in theirunits.

In order to obtain speedier promotion to the rank of officer on theactive list, men and N.C.O.s with more than three years' continuousservice in the Army may enter under special conditions one of themilitary academies, after passing the regulation examinations andtests. The Government gives them specie I opportunities for preparationand makes grants while they are at the Academy.

3. RESERVE OF OFFICERS.

The Reserve of Officers is drawn from the following sources:(i) N.C.O.s who fulfil the conditions laid down for each arm and

corps;(2) Officers on the active list who retire during the i8 years' period

of military service;(3) Men who have paid the military fee to have their service reduced

to nine months, and who fulfil the necessary conditions of suitability.

4. SUPERNUMERARY OFFICERS AND N.C.O.s.The corps oi Supernumerary Officers and N.C.O. o. is lecruited from

persons belonging to the second group or to the reduced service group.If the training which they have undergone is held to be sufficient andif they are found to possess the necessary aptitude, they serve for three

932 SPAIN

months in the rank and file, thiee months as corporals and three monthsas sergeants. After these nine months they pass the examinationfor N.C.O.s and are sent on furlough.

Those who have obtained the rank of N.C.O. are called up the follow-ing year to act ?s N.C.O.s during the practical training courses; theyserve for two months at the end of which they pass the examinationfor officers and are promoted to that rank.

MOROCCO

A. AREA ADMINISTRATION

GENERAL STAFF.

The General Stallff consists of:The General Officers Commanding Ceuta and Melilla;The General Officer Commanding the district of Larache;The Second-in-Command Melilla;The Second-in-Command Ceuta;The General Officer Commanding Tetuan;The Chief of the General Staff of the High Commissioner,

Commanding in Chief the Army in Morocco.

The Stall Corps comprises:The General Staff of the High Commissioner, Commanding-

in-Chief;The staff of the General Officer Commanding Melilla;The staff of the General Officer Commanding Ceuta;The staff of the General Officer Commanding the Larache district;The staff of the General Officer Commanding the Tetuan district;The Frontier Commission;The Geographical Commission (Ceuta, Melilla and Larache).

The Area Administration further includes:

Paymaster's Department in each Command (Ceuta and Melilla) Examining judges in each Command;Judge-Advocate's Department in each Command;Officers Commanding Intendance;Financial Department;Officer Commanding Medical Corps; in each Command.Chaplains;Officer Commanding Veterinary Corps;Auxiliary services of the military administrative offices, etc.

SPAIN 933

TABLE SHOWING THE COMPOSITION OF THE SPANISH ARMYIN MOROCCO

CEUTA COMMAND.

Ceuta and Tetuan area.

INFANTRY.

2 infantry regiments of 2 battalions with 6 rifle companies.i machine-gun company and i mortar section.6 battalions of light infantry with 5 rifle companies.i machine-gun company, i mortar section, and i native section.2 H.Q. staffs of half-brigades of light infantry, with band.H.Q. of Foreign Legion and i regiment of 4 banderas with 3 rifle

companies, i machine-gun company, i mortar section and I depotbandera.

i garrison machine-gun company with 24 guns.i light tank section.i cyclist section.

CAVALRY.

i regiment with 6 squadrons of sabres and I machine-gun squadron.i remount depot with I artillery section.i squadron of lancers and i remount section on the establishment

of the Foreign Legion.ARTILLERY.

I mixed regiment with i light group of 2 7.5 cm. batteries, I moun-tain group with 3 IO.5 cm. howitzer batteries and i with 2 7 cm.batteries.

Artillery H.Q. with 2 coast groups of 4 batteries, I heavy group of3 batteries, I unit of 6 heavy tanks, I field park, i artillery park, andI I5.5 cm. howitzer battery.

i section attached to the Ceuta remount depot.

ENGINEERS.

Engineer H.Q. with I labour company.i Engineer battalion (Tetuan) with i group of 4 engineer field

companies, i communication group (one field telegraph company,one permanent system telegraph company, and i field wireless telegraphycompany), I electric lighting unit and I railway unit.

i mixed motor transport and permanent wireless telegraphy group(also for duty in the Larache area).

INTENDANCE.

H.Q. with I mixed garrison and field company attached to the Ceutapark, another attached to the Tetuan park; i mounted company,3 mountain companies and I motor transport company.

934 SPAIN

MEDICAL SERVICE.

H.Q. with i garrison company, i mountain company, i field company(i section of Lohner cars and i motor section).

I mobile hospital section (G6mez Ulla) with ioo beds, and i sani-tary and disinfection section.

AIR FORCE.

H.Q., workshops, and i reconnaissance squadron.

REGULAR NATIVE FORCES.

2 groups with 3 detachments (tabors) of infantry, each consistingof 3 rifle companies, i machine-gun company and i explosive section;i tabor of cavalry with 3 squadrons of sabres.

Larache area.

INFANTRY.

6 battalions of light infantry of 5 rifle companies.i machine-gun company, i mortar section and i native section.2 H.Q. staffs of half-brigades of light infantry, with band.i heavy machine-gun company with 24 guns.i light tank section.i cyclist section.

CAVALRY.

i regiment with 6 squadrons of sabres and i machine-gun squadron.i breeding establishment with stud of stallions at Smid-el-MA and

remount depot with i artillery section.

ARTILLERY.

i mixed regiment with i light group of 3 batteries.i mountain group with two Io.5 cm. howitzer batteries and I with

two 7 cm. batteries.Artillery H.Q. with i heavy group of 2 batteries, i field park, I artil-

lery park and one 15. 5 cm. howitzer battery.

ENGINEERS.

I engineer battalion (Larache) with i group of 4 engineer field com-panies, i communication group (with one field telegraph company,one telegraph company and one field wireless telegraph company),and i bridge train section.

INTENDANCE.'

H.Q. with i mixed garrison and field company, i mounted company,2 mountain companies and i motor transport company.

SPAIN 935

MEDICAL SERVICE.

H.Q. with i field company, i mixed field company (i mountain sec-tion, i Lohner car section and i motor section), i mobile hospital section(G6mez Ulla) with Ioo beds, and i sanitary and disinfection section.

AIR FORCE.

i reconnaissance squadron.

REGULAR NATIVE FORCES.

i group with 4 detachments (tabors) of infantry, each, consisting of3 rifle companies, i machine-gun company and i explosive section;i tabor of cavalry with 3 squadrons of sabres.

MELILLA COMMAND.

INFANTRY.

2 infantry regiments of 2 battalions, with 6 rifle companies, I ma-chine-gun company and i mortar section each.

6 battalions of light infantry with 5 rifle companies, i machine-gun company, i mortar section and I native section each.

2 H.Q. staffs of half-brigades of light infantry, with band.i battalion of the Foreign Legion consisting of 4 banderas with 3

rifle companies, i machine-gun company and i mortar section.i garrison machine-gun company with 24 guns.i light tank section.i cyclist section.

CAVALRY.

i regiment with 6 squadrons of sabres and i machine-gun squadron.I remount depot with i artillery section.

ARTILLERY.

i mixed regiment with I light group of 3 batteries and 2 mountaingroups (i group of 4 7 cm. gun batteries and i group of 4 Io cm. howitzerbatteries).

Artillery H.Q. with i heavy group of 4 batteries, i unit of 6 heavytanks, I field park, and i battery of I5.5 cm. howitzers.

ENGINEERS.

Engineer H.Q. with i labour company.i engineer battalion (Melilla), with i group of 4 engineer field compa-

nies, i communication group (i field telegraph company, i telegraphcompany and I field wireless telegraphy company) 'and 2 specialistcompanies (water-supply and railway).

i mixed motor transport and permanent wireless telegraphy group.

INTENDANCE.

H.Q. with I mixed garrison and field company, i mounted company,3 mountain companies and i motor transport company.

936 SPAIN

MEDICAL SERVICE.

H.Q. with i garrison company, I mountain company, a field company(i Lohner car section and i motor section), I mobile hospital section(G6mez Ulla) with Ioo beds, and I sanitary and disinfection section.

AIR FORCE.

H.Q., workshops, i reconnaissance squadron and i hydroplanesquadron.

REGULAR NATIVE FORCES.

2 groups with 3 detachments (tabors) of infantry, each consistingof 3 rifle companies, I machine-gun company and i explosives section;i tabor of cavalry with three squadrons of sabres.

SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS.

COMPANIES

I I I It$ . 1

Spanish Troops:Infantry 4. . 341 1622 353 - - -

Cavalry. .3 .. - 3*' 1 I95Artillery .. . ... - -

Mixed ...... 3Field.......-. . I 1 2 6Mountain..... - 13 ?

__Coast ....... __ 4Heavy ...... - -. 9Howitzer -..... - 3 -

Engineers ...... 3 - - 25 Intendance .....- i18 - -

Medical Service . . .Air Force ...... 49

Native Troops :Infantry ..... 48 16 ._..Cavalry ...... 9 q -

'8 rifle battalions, I2 battalions of light infantry and 8 legionary battalions (banderas).2 48 rifles, 90o light infantry and 24 legionary.a Including 3 heavy M.G. companies with 72 guns.4Squadrons.

5 Including i squadron of lancers.6 8 75 mm. and 4 70 mm.$9 howitzers of 105 cm and 4 of 70.

ra engineer companies, 9 signalling companies, 2 labour companies and 2 specialist companies.3 scouting flights and i flight of hydroplanes.

C. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVESI924-I925

GENERAL TABLE

938 SPAIN

i. GENERAL TABLE SHOWING THE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION

GENERALS UNIT COMMANDERS, OFFICERS, etc.

ARMS AND SERVICES c r. .

___ _______________________________________t o ______

General Staff, etc ........ 2 4 6 Staff Corps ........... 6 9 3 31Infantry .........- - I IO 33 62 327 829 II 1,272Cavalry ............ -3 4 5 39 7 I32Artillery .5 6 25 84 23I 351Engineers .... 2 4 12 51 09 - 178Military Legal Department . . 3 4 5 6 5 23Intendance (Administration, supply) 2 6 19 54 107 - i88Auditing Department, transport 2 4 8 I2 3- 29Medical Service Mdical 2 5 30 99 96 232

Dispensing . 4 7 i8 - 30Chaplains ............ 2 8 31 41Veterinary Surgeons ....... -. 2 24 54 _ 80Staff of arms and corps. . .. ii 6. - _ - -j 7Staff labour and topographical bri-

gade ... mltr . -1 -Auxiliary corps for military offices. —- Io -26- 38Native regular troops .. —- - - 5 30 I20 355 - 590Marine companies ..... . - _.. .- I IICamp horses and other regional

services .. ..... ..... . — -Equitation. 3 - - 3Disciplinary Company ..... I 3 - 4

TOTAL 2 4 6 32 89 231 858 1,949 ii 3,250

2. NATIVE TROOPS 1

Training Staff. Auxiliary Staff . . . . 324Lieutenant-Colonels . 6 Kaides .84Majors . ... .. 6 Natives . . . 7,590Captains ....... 36Lieutenants .. .84 Animals.. ..... 2,040Veterinary Officers . 6

Total .... 138

1 Under the administration of the Protectorate.

SPAIN -939

AND THE ARMS AND SERVICES ON A PERMANENT FOOTING.

STAFFANIMALS

, _ M _CLERKS

ld ,, ^ §HORSES MULEScn ¹_ _ _- •[_ TOTAL

t o

— 156 38,823 676 90 - 3,067 1,278 5,11112 3,I10 216 2,652 230 126 - - 3,224

2 195 11,675 238 798 - 535, 3,153 269 4,99323 7,729 II6 272 24 60 704 228 1,404

47 4,246 79 92 - - 1,732 400 2,303

i8 3,244 42 102 - - 720 227 1,091

- -4I 27- -70 14,405 595 2,425 355 60 1,295 - 4,730

488

-' - - -- --__1_ _ 1 __ __ 250--5 6- __- -— — -56

2 41 27 522 83,970 2,018 6,431 609 781 10,671 2,402 22,912

940 SPAIN

II.

Navy.

LIST OF UNITS(I925)

Battleships (

i. Alfonso Trece (1913) Normal displacement, 15,452 tons. Length,2. Jaime Primero (1914) 459 1/6 feet. Beam, 78 ¾ feet. Max.

draught, 25 feet. H.P. 15,500o= I9.5 kts.Guns: 8 12-inch; 20 4-inch; 4 3-pdr.

Cruisers :i. Carlos Quinto (1895) Normal displacement, 9,903 tons. Dimen-

sions : 404 % x 67 X 27 2/3 feet. H. PII5,000ooo==I9g kts. Guns: 2 ii-inch; 85.5-inch ; 4 4. -inch; 2 I2-pdr. ; 86-pdr. 2 torpedo-tubes (I4-inch).

2. Reina Regente (1906) Normal displacement, 5,778 tons. Dimen-sions : 337 X52 X 1I6 1/4 feet. H. P.II,ooo==gI9.5:kts. Guns : Io 5.9-inch;2 I2-pdr. ; 12 6-pdr.

3. Princesa de Asturias Normal displacement, 7,427 tons (P. deA.);(1896) 7,405 (C.). Length, 347 % feet. Beam,

4. Cataluiia (19oo) 60 3 feet. Max. draught, 23 1/3 to23 2/3 feet. H.P. Io,5oo00 18 kts. Guns:2 9-4 inch ; 8 5.5-inch ; 2 i2-pdr. ; 86-pdr.

5. Principe Alfonso (1925) Normal displacement, 7,850 tons. Length,6. Almirante Cervera 579 feet. Beam, 53 feet. Mean draught,

(I925) i6 1/2 feet. H.P. 80,000- 33 kts. Guns:8 6-inch ; 4 4-inch; 2 3-pdr. (A.A.).12 torpedo-tubes (21-inch).

7. Reina Victoria Eugenia Displacement, 5,550 tons. Length, 462 feet.(I920) Beam, 49 2/3 feet. Max. draught, i6 ¾

feet. H. P. 22,500-=25,5 kts. Guns:9 6-inch; 4 3-inch (A.A.). 4 torpedo-tubes (2I-inch).

8. Don Bias Lezo (1922) Normal displacement, 4,725 tons. Length,9. Mendes NuiGez (I923) 462 feet. Beam, 46 feet. Max.] draught,

IY5 feet. H.P. 30,000o 29 kts. Guns:6 6-inch; 4 3-inch (A.A.). 8 torpedo-tubes (21-inch).

io. Estremadura (1900oo) Normal displacement, 2,Ioo tons. Dimen-sions: 288 2/3 X 36 1/4 x 6 1/3. H.P.7,000 = I9 kts. Guns : 8 4-inch; 4 6-pdr.

SPAIN 941

ii. Rio de la Plata (1898) Displacement, 1,920 tons. Dimensions:250 1/3 X 35 1/3 X 15 ½. H. P. 7,000 -I9 kts. Guns: 2 5.5-inch; 2 4.1-inch; 46-pdr.

7 (+ 3 building) flotilla leaders and destroyers.

NO Type Date Displace- H T. Max.ment tubes draught

tons feet

3 Flotzlla Leaders. Bldg. 1,650 42,000 6 io 0

3 A ledo . .1920-I925 1,I45 33,000 4 IO 1/3

3 Bustamante . . 1912-1917 532 6,250 4 5 ¥2i Proserpina. . I897 465 7,200 2 9 3/

22 ist-class torpedo-boats : Normal displacement, 177 tons. Dimen-sions: 164 x 16 ½ x 4 5/6 feet. H.P. 3,750=: 26 kts.

12 (+ 4) submarines

Displace- H.P. T. Max.No Type Date Hment tubes draught

tons teet

6 C. -6..... 1I923-1926 915 61,290

556 1,4006 B. i-6 class. . . 1916-1925 '4°0 "II 144

836 850260 600

3 A. I- 3 class... 1915--I9T7 382 2 45

488 1,000i Perat ... 19.. 915-1916 75 04 4

75-- 480

Miscellaneous : 50 units (gunboats, transport, sloop, etc.).

III.

Budget Expenditure on National Defence.

A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE.

(i) Until 1924 the financial year covered the period from April Istto March 3Ist. In that year a three months' budget, amounting to

one-fourth of the foregoing budget, was intercalated, so that fromJuly I924 the financial year will cover the period from July ist toJune 30oth.

The budget for I924-25 came into force by reason of a Royal decreeof June 3oth, I924, and is to remain in force for I925-26.

942 SPAIN

The Ministry of Finance publishes regularly in the Gaceta de Madrida statement showing cash receipts and outgoings during each month.

(2) All expenditure is charged to one comprehensive budget. Undereach Ministry the expenditure is divided into permanent and tempo-rary or extraordinary. The defence expenditure is not only accountedfor in the budgets of the Ministries of War and of the Marine but alsoin the special section for " Activities in Morocco ".

(3) The Spanish budget is a gross budget and the receipts by theDefence Departments from sale of disused material, etc., are thusaccounted for on the revenue side of the budget.

B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE.

I. Summary of Defence Expenditure.

I922-1923 1923-1924 1924-19251

Closed ClosedAccounts Accounts Estimates

Defence expenditure: Pesetas (ooo's omitted).Ministry of War ..... 469,576 449,576 358,46Ministry of the Marine 179,805 164,750 i69,824Activities in Morocco .405,568 344,138 279,434

Total......... . . . I,054,949 958,464 807,719

0/0 0/ 0/0Defence expenditure index . . .. 100 77

Index number of wholesale prices:1913 - Ioo . .. ...... 174 174 188 2I922-23 == I .00....... I0 o Ioo 108

Defence expenditure reduced to pre- Pesetas (ooo's omitted).war price level .......

606,300 550,800 429,6o00

Index of defence expenditure reducedto pre-war price level ..... I Ioo 91 7

I VII. 1924 - 30. VI. 1925 2 Average, July 1924 to May 1925.

NOTES. - (i) The expenditure in the above table does not includeexpenditure for pensions except war pensions.

(2) Part of the expenditure shown under the section " Activities inMorocco " is for civil purposes.

SPAIN 943

II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure.

(i) Ministry of War.

1923-24 1924-25

Closed Accounts Estimates

Pesetas (ooo's omitted)

Permanent services ·Central and local administration, troops and

establishments ........ . .... 215,381 222,084War dep6ts .. ...... 426 848Artillery dep6ts ..... .. . . .. 6,537 8,054Engineering services . ..... .. 6,766 10,598Victualling and quarters .......Campaigning supplies ...........Transport services. ............ 62,731 63,593Hospital services .......State property service ........Military health services. ..... . ... . 2,094 2,621Remount services .............. 9,948 10,594Various and unforeseen expenditure ...... 851 607Obligations arising from the law regarding acci-

dents at work ....... . 122 iooSupernumerary Staff and Reserve Corps war pen-

sions .................. 29,266 9,100ooAir Force ... . . . . . . . . . .. 16,946 20,152

Total permanent services .... . .... 35,o68 358,351

Temporary services :Equipment of troops ........... 7,126 -Artillery material............. 28,179 Engineering works ............ 25,244Increase in livestock ......... . 6,770Supply of material ............ 115

Total temporary services . . . . . . 67,434

Expenditure on account of previous years ... . . 31,074 i1o

Grand total, Ministry of War ....... 449,576 358,461

944 SPAIN

1923-24 1I924-25(2) Ministry of the Marine.23-24 124-25

Closed Accounts Estimates

Pesetas (ooo's omitted)Permanent Services'

Central administration:Personnel ................ 3,096 1,468Material .............. 303 49,271

Departments, arsenals and naval commands :Personnel................ 14,338 9,590Material ............... 873 837

Services, commissions, officialson the Reserve, etc. 4,365 22,158Naval forces:

Personnel................ 22,769 I7,774Material .. ........... . I2,449 9,743

Marine Service:Personnel.. 2,647 2,823Material .. ....... 1,I45 609

Scientific and educational establishments :Personnel................ 3,182 3,284Material ................ 2,102 2,538

Various expenses ........... . 12,134 8,494

Total permanent services ......... 79,403 128,589

Temporary Services :Personnel .............. 479 638Material :

Construction of warships ..... 66,585 38,913Naval bases and other extensions ... 5 36913

Obligations arising from the law regardingaccidents at work ...... 7

Total temporary services .6........ 67, o7 39,551

Expenditure on account of previous years ..... 18,276 1,684

Grand total, Ministry of the Marine . . . . 164,750 69,824

.923-24 1924-25(3) Activities in Morocco. 932 . 4

Closed Accounts Estimates

Pesetas (ooo's omitted)Ministry of State .48,037 30,185

» , War ............ . 284,812 239,032a )) the Marine ............ 2,919 319, )> the Interior ........ 2,798 2,832s e Education and Art ....... 94» s Public Domain . . 5,453 4,266

s Labour, Commerce and Industry 25Total, Activities in Morocco. . ...... 344,138 279,434

SPAIN 95

(4) The Military and Naval Establishments

are accounted for in the budgets of the Ministry of War and theMinistry of the Marine, no special accounts for these establishmentsbeing given in the annual budgets.

(5) Air Force.

The budget for the Ministry of War contains appropriations for theAir Force amounting to 20.I million pesetas, and in the budget forActivities in Morocco the appropriations for the Air Force amount to4-5 million pesetas.

IIIl. Receipts in connection with Defence Expenditure.

In the budgets for 1922-23 and I923-24 receipts by the DefenceDepartments are, with a few exceptions, accounted for in an aggregatesum with those of civil Departments.

IV. Military and Naval Pensions,

with the exception of war pensions, are not charged to the budgetsof the Defence Departments but to a special section of the budgetcalled " Clases pasivas, " which also comprises the appropriations forpensions and assistance to civil officials. The appropriations for mili-tary and naval pensions and assistance are as follows.

I923-24 1924-25

Closed Accounts Estimates

Pesetas

Military relief funds ............. 28,281,I84 31,000,000Retired pay and pensions . 43,176,917 42,400,000

Total ......... . . . . . . . . 71,458,10I 73,400,000

In addition, there are some unspecified appropriations in favourof military, naval and civil personnel.

6o

946 SPAIN

IV.

Industries capable of being used for War Purposes.

The Law of June 29, I918, approving in outline the reorganisationof the army in the matter of industries, lays down that

(a) The object of military industries is :(i) to carry out the necessary research work with a view

to the adoption of new weapons and the improvement of theregulation equipment;

(2) to turn out standard-types so that the productions ofcivil and military industries may be interchangeable ;

(3) to manufacture such materials as are not produced orare insufficiently produced by civil industries, and all materialrecommended by the Government, as far as is financially pos-sible, with a view preventing private firms from chargingexcessive prices for army supplies;

(4) to ascertain the customary rates for contracts withprivate factories, and to test the quality of their goods ;

(5) to take steps to raise the potential wartime output to amaximum.

(b) With a view to the establishment of such military factoriesas may be considered necessary, the law provides as follows

(i) indispensable material (powder, rifles, bombs, etc.)must not be manufactured in one factory only, as irreparabledamage would be done by the destruction of that factory;

(2) factories must be situated at a reasonable distancefrom coasts and frontiers;

(3) a relation should be established between their potentialoutput and the total potential output of private factories,with a view to the maximum output's being obtained fromall the factories together.

(c) The development of the production of war material by civilindustries is subject to the following conditions :

(i) industries manufacturing or utilising motor-cars ofthe military type should be subsidised, to enable these carsto be requisitioned in sufficient numbers for the army;

(2) the establishment of new industries which may readilybe adapted to the manufacture of munitions should be encou-raged;

(3) orders for material should be distributed among theseindustries, and they should be given facilities for securingorders and for exporting their products.

(d) In time of war, private industry is bound to manufacture mili-tary material and equipment; factories and workshops which canbe used for the manufacture of war material may be requisitioned,

SPAIN 947

and, once classified, they must make preparations in peace-time(without, however, necessarily incurring additional expenditure) to securethe maximum output with the means at their command.

(e) With a view to the most rapid and effectual possible mobili-sation of everything available in civil industries, detailed statisticsshould be compiled of factories and workshops which could be utilisedin the event of war, and these should be classified according to the natureof their products and in order of importance.

(/) The Government may order partial or general industrial mo-bilisation when circumstances so require, whether the armed forceshave or have not been mobilised.

MOBILISATION OF LABOUR.

A census shall be taken of workmen in the army, including all menwhose employment fits them for the production of war material. Re-gistration shall take place at the end of the third year of service, andevery man shall be liable to serve as a military worker until he receiveshis final discharge.

These men may be called upon, when industrial mobilisation isordered, to serve in factories to be specified, in the manner and to theextent required by the Government.

RAW MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

(OUTPUT, IMPORTS, EXPORTS.)

I. FUEL

(Thousands of metric tons.)

A. Coal. B. Oil.Soft Bri- Fuel Motor Lubri-Coal Anthracite Lignite Coke quettes Oil Spirit cation

OUTPUT.

1920 4,929 492 553 281 7421921 4,719 293 409 446 733 -—1922 4,18O 256 330 383 676 - -1923 5,672 230 394 744 6641924 5,820 282 37I -. -

948 SPAIN

Soft Bri- Fuel Motor Luvri-Coal Anthracite Lignite Coke quettes Oil Spirit cation

IMPORTS.

1920 332* 372 26 30 24I92I 959* 922 2 50 15I922 688 38 782' 70 120 6 67 18I923 787 46 291' 50 73 4 o00 24

EXPORTS.

1920 152 0.09 0.04 o.I 3

I92I 97 0.04 0.21922 17 - 0.41923 22 15.7 I.I

II. ORES AND METALS

(Thousands of metric tons.)

A. Ores.Iron Copper Manganese Zinc Lead Sulphur

PyritesOUTPUT.

1920 4,768 862 21 94 i86 712192I 2,602 2,139 20 48 i68 6241922 2,772 2,055 25 72 i68 468I923 3,456 2,419 29 102 182 4891924 - -- 117 199

IMPORTS. $

192019211922 1.6 0.4 0.051923 0.3 o.ooI 2.2 5.1

EXPORTS.6 7

1920 4,631 283 47 60 18 1,331I921 1,825 266 32 28 5 1,I95I922 2,752 619 27 55 51 1,372I923 3,371 596 7 6i 12 ,I172

* All kinds of coal.1 And other mineral fuels, unspecified.2 Coke and briquettes.3 Petroleum, refined or rectified.4 Including copper pyrites.b Not shown separately prior to 1922." Blende, calamine, crude and calcined.? Including argentiferous.

SPAIN 949

B. Metals.Alumi- Pig Iron and Ferro-nium iron Nickel steel Copper Zinc Lead alloys

OUTPUT. 11920 251 251 21 10 1211921 364 306 35 7 1361922 210 314 26 6 1191923 536 45 II 1281924 - -3 142

IMPORTS.2 3 4 5 6 7

192o 0.08 I5 o.o6 1.3 0.3 0.41921 o.i 25 0.03 1-7 - 2.0 0.41922 0.2 15 0.I 10.3 1-5 0.9 0.2 2.21923 o.I 7 o0.08 157 o.6 0,4 0.2 5.6

EXPORTS.8 9 10 11

1920 14 9 1.6 1071921 0.002 14 o.I 1041922 6.5 i6 1.2 821923 3-9 26 2.9 85

III. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS(Metric tons.)

A. Raw Materials.Nitrate of Sodium Chloride of Sodium Sulphur

OUTPUT.1920 - 928,898 77039i921 475,143 85,6781922 566,480 72,8061923 617,207 17,7101924

1 Copper electrolytic, cascara and blister.2 Ingots and waste. Sheet, bars, tubes and wire were (ooo's M. T.) : .2 in 1920; 1.3 in

1921 ; 0.4 in 1922; 0.9 in 1923.' Crude.4 Crude. Bars, sheets, plates, pipes, columns, wheels, axles, wire, etc. were (ooo's M. T.):

129 in i920; i96 in 1921; 195 in I922 ; 175 in 1923.s Precipitate and matte. Copper, bronze and brass in ingots, bars, wire, plates and

tubes were (ooo's M. T.) : 8.2 in 1920; 8.3 in 1921 ; 7.7 in X922 ; 7.0 in 1923.6 Pig, etc. Sheets were (ooo's M. T.) : 0.2 in 1920o 0.3 in 1921 ; 0.3 in 1922 ; o.i in 1923.7 Pig, etc. Plates and tubes were (ooo's M. T.) : 0.02 in x92o0 0.2 in 1921 i 0.3 in 1922

0.09 in I923.8 Cast iron and raw steel. Bar and sheets were (ooo's M. T.) : 0.5 in 1920 0 o.2 in 1921 2

0.2 in 1922; 0.9 in 1923.9 Precipitate and matte. Bars, sheets and nails were (ooo's): 9.0 in 1920; 20.4 in

1921; 6.4 in 1922; 5.2 in 1923.10 Zinc in pig and sheets." Lead in pig, including argentiferous.

950 SPAIN

Nitrate of Sodium Chloride of Sodium Sulphur

IMPORTS.

1920 134,145 199 34,136I921 99,383 56 13,5291922 46,167 51 18,458I923 92,602 78I924

EXPORTS.

I920 - 379,690 1561921 369,872 291922 483,624 91I923 465,507 61924

B. Manufactures.

Sulphate of Sulphuric Nitric SpiritAmmonium Acid Acid Soda (thousands of litres)

OUTPUT.

1920 2,207 125,764 862 18,000ooo 1 56,7761921 23,956 210,274 8Io 25,387 54,2231922 3,562 177,230 342 33,844 53,9351923 5,607 222,014 575 33,175i924

IMPORTS.

1920 I5 9 7492I92I 39 I8 I49I922 77,213 55 199 8161923 84,828 78 i6 1,476

EXPORTS.

I920 - 5,68692 - 7,445

1922 30,885 7,104I923 - 6,915

Caustic soda.2 Caustic soda and caustic potash.

SPAIN 951

IV. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

(In thousands of metric tons.)

A. Cereals.

PRODUCTION.

Wheat Rye Barley Oats Maize Rice

I920 3,772.2 706.9 1,969.6 548.3 703.4 289.31921 3,950-4 714.2 1,944-7 517.0 632.4 261.61922 3,414-7 666.8 1,688.i 453-I 681.6 274.31923 4,275.9 713.2 2,433-5 586.9 607.7 242.61924 3,314-3 667.6 1.822.4 437.9 655.4 295.6

Wheat RyeWheat Flour Rye Flour Barley Oats Maize Rice

IMPORTS.

1920 490 I5 - - 0o.6 - I97 0.031921 466 g19 - - 461 303 o.oi1922 125 0.02 31 447 o.o061923 3 313 0.0081924 - - - - 3 - 302 o.008

EXPORTS.

i920 3 I2 o.o6 28 5 561921 4 Io o.o6 2 15 651922 0.02 4 0.03 - 0.03 26

I923 0.09 2 0.04 0.01 o0.o 641924 0o. 2 0.04 0.04 o.oI 78

B. Potatoes.

PRODUCTION. IMPORTS. EXPORTS.

1920 2,934.8 - 7I92I 2,782.1 - 241922 2,867.2 14 37I923 2,599.0 36 441924 2,429.5

1 Including rye and oats.

952 SPAIN

V. LIVE-STOCK

(Number.)

Cattle Sheep Pigs Horses Coats Mules1921 3,7I8,189 20,521,677 5,151,988 722,I83 4,298,056 1,294,9121922 3,296,573 I9,377,427 4,228,964 594,35I 3,970,656 1,069,4081923 3,435,127 I8,549,925 4,727,914 626,004 3,804,073 1,099,6041924 3,436,I29 I8,459,627 4,I59,863 634,452 3,803,763 I,109,604

Horses Mules Cattle Goats Pigs

IMPORTS.1920 6,199 7,981 2,887 9,636 1,4201921 1,643 5,966 2,853 4,361 951922 3,240 6,783 8,653 588 1591923 7,196 10,768 10,054 84 1,4551924

EXPORTS.1920 609 2,044 933 2,807 3,318192I 2,005 619 751 2,765 2,7531922 939 506 572 4,660 1,5321923 78 237 82 2,394 38I1924

VI. MEATS(In metric tons.)

Fresh, chilled Smoked, saltedand frozen. and dried 1

IMPORTS.

I920 I,069 1,878I92I 0. 9 ,6Io1922 I90 7041923 79 2,3511924

EXPORTS.

1920 254 3071921 173 4971922 79 6491923 116 391I924

1 Including some lard.

SPAIN 953

VII. VARIOUS PRODUCTS(Metric tons.)

Cotton Rubber

IMPORTS.

1920 81,234 4,174I92I 82,434 3,6141922 82,814 598I923 83,442 640

Sources.

Government communications of October 4th, I923, and March 23rd,I924.

Estadistica general del comercio exterior de Espafia; 1920, 1921, 1922.Anuario Militar de Espania I924.Anuario Estadistico de Espaia - Madrid I924.Bases para la reorganizaci6n del Eidrcito - Ley 29 Junio I918.Ley de Reclutamiento y reemplazo del ejercito conforme a la*de bases

de 29 de junio 1911 y Ley de 25 de diciembre de 1912 quelmodificalos apartados 20 et 40 de los articulos 84 y 86 de la propria Ley.

Presupuestos Generales del Estado para el afio econdmico de1922-23;I923-I924.

Gaceta de Madrid.Resumenes mensuales de la Estadistica del Comercio Exterior de Espana.International Year-book of Agricultural Statistics, Rome, I925.Boletin de Estadistica-Ministerio de Trabajo, Comercio e Industria.

Rubber and guttapercha.