SPACEMATE® Presentation | KTH 27 October 2011
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Transcript of SPACEMATE® Presentation | KTH 27 October 2011
![Page 1: SPACEMATE® Presentation | KTH 27 October 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042501/559613fa1a28abde518b46d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Space, Density and Urban Form
KTH, 27 October 2011
META BERGHAUSER PONT
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75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare
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40 dwellings per hectare
50 dwellings per hectare
60 dwellings per hectare
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Grachtengordel Jordaan
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Density of Amsterdam
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Amsterdam
1650
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Amsterdam
1880
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Amsterdam
1900
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Amsterdam
1939
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Amsterdam
1958
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
Amsterdam
1984
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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Amsterdam
2000
1400
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Densityinh/ha
Footprintm2/inh
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
(predominately) housing fabrics
parks
sports facilities
garden allotments
cemeteries
industrial and office areas
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1876: 30 m 1926: 50 m 1958: 80 m 1998: 120 m2 2 2 2
Average occupation rate (inhabitants per dwelling unit) (G.W.B.) Urban footprint (m2 of city space per inhabitant)
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Raymond Unwin (1909):
“Nothing gained by overcrowding!”
Unwin: < 12 dwellings per acre
Hoenig: spaciousness of at least 1
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Jane Jacobs (1961):
“American slums are not only an issue faced in the inner
cities, but also in the low-density, dull areas in the fringes”
Jacobs: > 100 dwellings per acre
coverage over 60%
Raymond Unwin (1909):
“Nothing gained by overcrowding!”
Unwin: < 12 dwellings per acre
Hoenig: spaciousness of at least 1
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Urban Density and Energy Consumption
Urban Density
inhabitants per hectare
Urban Footprint
m2 per inhabitant
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Measuring Density
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Density Measures Year Use Norm
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Density Measures Year Use Norm
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Density Measures Year Use Norm
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Density Measures Year Use Norm
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Density Measures Year Use Norm
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75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare 75 dwellings per hectare
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FSI = 1.90 FSI = 1.90 FSI = 1.90
40 200
N
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GSI = 0.25 GSI = 0.25 GSI = 0.25
40 200
N
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OSR= 1.00 OSR= 1.00 OSR= 1.00
40 200
N
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L = 3 L = 3 L = 3
40 200
N
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1FSI 1.00
GSI 1.00
L 1.00
OSR 0.00
FSI 1.00
GSI 1.00
L 1.00
OSR 0.00
2FSI 1.00
GSI 0.50
L 2.00
OSR 0.50
3FSI 1.00
GSI 0.33
L 3.00
OSR 0.67
4FSI 1.00
GSI 0.25
L 4.00
OSR 0.75
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known sought
FSI L=FSI/GSI
GSI OSR=(1-GSI)/FSI
FSI GSI=FSI/L
L OSR=1/FSI-1/L
FSI GSI=1-FSI*OSR
OSR L=1/(1/FSI-OSR)
GSI FSI=GSI*L
L OSR=(1/L)*(1/GSI-1)
GSI FSI=(1-GSI)/OSR
OSR L=(1/GSI-1)/OSR
L FSI=1/(OSR+1/L)
OSR GSI=1/(L*OSR+1)
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1FSI 1.00
GSI 1.00
L 1.00
OSR 0.00
2FSI 1.00
GSI 0.50
L 2.00
OSR 0.50
3FSI 1.00
GSI 0.33
L 3.00
OSR 0.67
4FSI 1.00
GSI 0.25
L 4.00
OSR 0.75
24 3 1
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2
1
3
40 200
N
1 2 3
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21 3
40 200
N
1 2 3
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2 13
40 200
N
1 2 3
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2 13
40 200
N
1 2 3
65
150
70
180
130
220
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40 200
N
1 2 3
Network density
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2
1
3
40 200
N
1N = 0.012
b = 32.1
T = 0.35
2N = 0.021
b = 14.4
T = 0.28
3N = 0.023
b = 18.0
T = 0.37
23
1
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Floor Space Index (FSI)FSIx=Fx/Ax where
Fx = gross floor area (m2)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)x = aggregation (lot (l), island (i), fabric (f), or district (d))
Ground Space Index (GSI)GSIx=Bx/Ax where
Bx = footprint of (m2)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)x = aggregation (lot (l), island (i), fabric (f), or district (d))
Network Density (N)Nx=(Σli+(Σle)/2)/Ax where
li = length of interior network (m)le = length of edge network (m)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)
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Floor Space Index (FSI)FSIx=Fx/Ax where
Fx = gross floor area (m2)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)x = aggregation (lot (l), island (i), fabric (f), or district (d))
Ground Space Index (GSI)GSIx=Bx/Ax where
Bx = footprint of (m2)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)x = aggregation (lot (l), island (i), fabric (f), or district (d))
Network Density (N)Nx=(Σli+(Σle)/2)/Ax where
li = length of interior network (m)le = length of edge network (m)Ax = area of aggregation x (m2)
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Open Space Ratio (OSR)
Building Height (L)
Tare (T)
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Urban types and Density
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Performance of Density
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Parking Performance
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Kowloon City (Hong Kong)
DPI 10%
DPI 25%
DPI 50%
DPI 100%
FSI
GSI
Ciutat Vella (Barcelona)
Siemenstadt (Berlin)
Jordaan (Amsterdam)
Daylight Performance
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B1B2B3
A1
A2
A3
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‘Urbanity’
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Representing Urban TypesCase Rotterdam
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FSI
GSI
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MXI
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Density
Integration
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Density
Integration
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Stadionpark
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Feijenoord
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Stadshavens
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Open Source DatabaseSpaceCalculator: http://www.permeta.nl/spacemate/index2.html
Amsterdam: http://www.gisdro.nl/FUNCTIEMIX/
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