Spaceflight Management in the NAS Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
description
Transcript of Spaceflight Management in the NAS Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Spaceflight Management in the NAS
Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
IMPROVING SPACE OPERATIONS WORKSHOPNOAA Satellite Operations FacilitySuitland, MD
Alan J. HayesFAA Spaceflight Management Program Manager
April 16, 2008
V. 4.1
Federal AviationAdministration
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 2
Overview
• Introduction to the FAA
• Background/Problem Statement
• Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy
• Space and Air Traffic Management System (SATMS) Concept
• Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool
• SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight Integration Tool
• Virtual Spaceflight Center KXAS
• Current & Future Spaceflight Management Architectures
• Conclusions
• Questions
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 3
Introduction to the FAAThe FAA is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the agency under the name Federal Aviation Agency. We adopted our present name in 1967 when we became a part of the Department of Transportation. Our major roles include:
• Regulating civil aviation to promote safety
• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology
• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft
• Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics
• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation
• Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 4
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 5
The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) was established in 1984 as the Office of Commercial Space Transportation (OCST) in the Office of the Secretary of Transportation within the Department of Transportation. AST was transferred to the FAA in November 1995. The Office of Commercial Space Transportation:
• Regulates the commercial space transportation industry, to ensure compliance with international obligations of the United States and to protect the public health and safety, safety of property, and national security and foreign policy interests of the United States;
• Encourages, facilitates, and promotes commercial space launches and reentries by the private sector;
• Recommends appropriate changes in Federal statutes, treaties, regulations, policies, plans, and procedures; and
• Facilitates the strengthening and expansion of the United States space transportation infrastructure.
AST issues FAA licenses for commercial launches of orbital rockets and suborbital rockets.
The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST)
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 6
The primary service of the Air Traffic Organization is to move air traffic safely and efficiently. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) System Operations Service Unit provides overall national guidance for air traffic procedures and airspace issues, traffic flow management for the National Airspace System (NAS), requirements for weather observation and reporting standards, and the focal point for interface with Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) regarding air transportation security issues.
Offices with Spaceflight responsibilities include:
• Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC)
• Airspace & Aeronautical Information Management (AAIM) • Spaceflight Management Program
• Safety
• Security
Air Traffic Organization (ATO) System Operations Services
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 7
Background
The FAA expects unprecedented demands on the National Airspace System and the nation’s Air Traffic Control system over the next 10 years:
• Doubling of air traffic operations
• Increase in space operations
• R & D: Blue Origin, Armadillo Aerospace
• Space Tourism: Virgin Galactic, Rocketplane, etc.
• Prizes: X Prize Cup, America’s Space Prize, NASA Centennial Challenges
• NASA: Space Shuttle, Orion
• NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services: SpaceX
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 8
Background
The NAS was not designed to handle high-speed spacecraft.
Different tools, processes, and procedures will be necessary to minimize the impact of space operations in the NAS.
FL4000
FL600
Class E Airspace
(continued)
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 9
Background – The Columbia Accident
Prior to the Columbia accident, FAA Air Traffic procedures for supporting Space Shuttle operations did not take into account the potential debris hazard to aircraft during a Shuttle reentry
Debris Footprint
DFWN
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 10
The FAA needs to safely accommodate spacecraft transitioning to and from space through the National Airspace System (NAS).
To accomplish this, space and air traffic operations will need to be seamlessly integrated under the current and future FAA Air Traffic infrastructure.
Problem Statement
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 11
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)–Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)
Special Use Airspace (SUA)–Restricted Areas–Warning Areas
Central Altitude Reservation Function (CARF)–Altitude Reservation (ALTRV)
Command Center Advisories (CCA)
Traffic Situation Display–Manual Entry of Lat/Long prior to and during
Shuttle Landing to create Flow Evaluation Areas (FEAs)
Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 12
Impacts
• Existing Special Use Airspace (SUA) is sized for the largest vehicles that may use them, with fixed boundaries
• Typically activated for extended periods of time
• Spaceflight Operations are handled as an exception to normal NAS operations (i.e. no Flight Plans, ATO flight tracking is handled manually, etc.)
• Require extensive advanced coordination with various Air Traffic entities
• Can be difficult to accommodate launch/landing delays and scrubs
Goals• Reduce the amount of airspace that is restricted for each launch/landing and the
amount of time that the restriction needs to be in effect
• Schedule the restriction so as to accommodate conventional air traffic while still achieving the safety and space mission objectives
• Accommodate launch/landing delays, scrubs, and incidents
(continued)
Current FAA Risk Mitigation Strategy
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 13
The SATMS Concept & Toolkit
The FAA has developed a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for a future Space and Air Traffic Management System (SATMS). This concept:
• Represents a framework for seamlessly integrating space vehicles on their way to and from space with more traditional air traffic operations
• Calls for assured separation between space and air traffic
• Will require new space and air traffic management tools and enhanced communications, navigation, and surveillance services
The SATMS Toolkit is currently under development by the FAA. It consists of:
• The legacy Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC)
• The SpaceTrax trajectory tool, and
• The Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT)
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 14
The Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) tool was developed by AST to identify hazard areas of potential debris produced by the Space Shuttle should a breakup occur during re-entry. Designed to reduce FAA dependence on NASA and increase FAA capabilities by replicating functionality of the existing NASA tool.
SHAAC CapabilitiesUtilizing complex algorithms and modeling techniques, SHAAC:
1. Utilizing trajectory data from NASA, to identify potentially affected airspace in advance of a Shuttle reentry to increase air traffic control situational awareness
2. In the event of an accident, determines the extent of the effected airspace
3. Serves as a Proof-of-Concept for SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT)
The SHAAC tool was first used at the Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) in FY08 to support Shuttle Flight STS-120.
Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 15
(continued)
Generates file of latitude/longitude coordinates of hazard area corners in same format as data previously provided by NASA.
• Graphical depictions of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries
• Latitude/longitude coordinates of hazard areas manually entered into the Traffic Situational Display
• PC-based (Thick Client) application
Output & Display Features
Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation (SHAAC) Tool
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 16
SpaceTrax and SWIFT Tools
SpaceTrax and SWIFT are being developed by the FAA (ATO-R) to assist air traffic controllers in managing airspace and the risk to aircraft from space operations, by providing improved situational awareness.
Capabilities of Both Tools:• Track spacecraft movement within the NAS
• Create and file ICAO Flight Plans for spaceflight operations
• Should an incident occur:• Identifies potentially affected airspace • Identifies affected airways, sectors, and airports.• Generate NOTAMs and Command Center Advisories
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 17
Utilizes Trajectory Files from NASA and Output Files from SHAAC/Others, SpaceTrax will:
• Display the planned trajectory (Launch/Landing) as received from NASA
• Identify Entry Points (Time, Altitude, and Velocity) into Controlled Airspace, ARTCC, and Political Boundaries for plan and actual data
• Display graphical depictions and reports of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries
• Provide a 2D and 3D display capability
• Generate Latitude/Longitude, Altitude, and Speed data for entry into an ICAO Flight Plan
• Automatically Generate Reports currently being prepared manually
• Process real-time data and provides Latitude/Longitude information every 30 seconds (adjustable) for manual entry into the TSD
• PC-based (Thick Client) Application
SpaceTrax
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 18
SpaceTrax Prototype
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 19
Planning Mode
• Identify the airspace restriction requirements, potential impacts to other NAS users, and options to mitigate those impacts
• Allow decision makers to make informed risk reduction decisions
SWIFT
• Graphical depictions of hazard areas plotted on maps with political and airspace boundaries.
• Generate Reports
• Web-Based (Thin Client) Application
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 20
• Input Real-Time Data from space carrier conducting spaceflight operations following an FAA-defined Interface Requirements Document (IRD)
• Compute rectangular hazard areas that bound the locations of potential debris and outputs their latitude/longitude coordinates and space vehicle real-time location directly to TFM-M for display on the Traffic Situational Display (TSD)
• File ICAO Flight Plans with HCS/ERAM/ETMS
• Generates TFR NOTAMs and Command Center Advisories
• Utilizes Web Services for Data Transfer
• SWIM and NextGen Compliant
Real-time Mode• Display the space vehicle’s trajectory and estimates of the potentially hazardous
airspace against current air traffic data
• In the event of an accident, provide information to Air Traffic Controllers identifying potential hazardous airspace due to falling debris
(continued)SWIFT
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 21
SATMS Toolkit Implementation
Space Shuttle Hazard Area Space Shuttle Hazard Area to Aircraft Computation to Aircraft Computation
(SHAAC) Tool (SHAAC) Tool
SpaceTrax Tool SpaceTrax Tool Versions 1.x – 2.xVersions 1.x – 2.x
Spaceflight-wide InteractiveSpaceflight-wide InteractiveFlight Tool (SWIFT) Versions 1.x – 4.xFlight Tool (SWIFT) Versions 1.x – 4.x
FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015+FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015+
O&M*
O&M
Decommissioned @ End of Shuttle
Program
Decommissioned @ End of Shuttle
Program
Decommissioned FY2012
Decommissioned FY2012
Initial Operating Capability (IOC)
FY2008
Initial Operating Capability (IOC)
FY2008
IOC FY2008IOC FY2008
IOC FY2009IOC FY2009
Phase 1(PC-
based)
Phase 1(PC-
based)
Phase 2(Server-based)
Phase 2(Server-based)
{{
{{* Period TBD
* Period TBD
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 22
To support SpaceTrax and the Spaceflight-wide Interactive Flight Tool (SWIFT), a virtual Spaceflight Center is being created that will:
• Issue all Spaceflight-related Flight Plans. All Spaceflight Operations will have a flight plan automatically created for them
• Issue Modifications to existing Spaceflight-related Flight Plans • Send Position Reports to ETMS/TFM-M• Issue Spaceflight-related NOTAM messages• Issue Command Center Advisories• Send and Receive Service B Messages• Provide Spaceflight-related information to FAA and Commercial
Users.
Virtual Spaceflight “Center” - KXAS
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 23
Current Spaceflight Management Architecture
DraftNOTAM
Messages
CARF
HCS/ERAM
NOTAMsFNS
ETMSTFM-M
TSD / WSDDisplay
Flight Plans &Aircraft Position
Reports
NOTAMEntry (NES)
Flight Plans
DraftNOTAM
Messages
AISR
PublishedNOTAM
Messages
NASA Web Site
AltitudeRequests
ATCSCCAdvisory
NASAReal-TimeTrajectory
Data
SHAAC
(Debris Field Reports & Files)
ATCSCC
ARTCCsLatitude,
Longitude, Altitude, &
Speed
Data for Draft
NOTAMMessages
For TSD Adaptations
DSR
Advisories
Key:
Manual
Automatic NASAPlanned
TrajectoryFiles
NASAPlanned
TrajectoryFiles
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 24
SATMS Phase 1 Architecture
SpaceTrax(at ATCSCC)
Virtual “Spaceflight” Center KXAS
NOTAM Report
(SpaceTrax)
Flight Plan Report
(SpaceTrax)
Spacecraft Location Report
(SpaceTrax)
NASAReal-TimeTrajectory
Data
AltitudeRequests
SHAAC
(Debris Field Reports & Files)
Flight Plan Messages
CARF
HCS/ERAM
NOTAMsFNS
ETMSTFM-M
TSD / WSDDisplay
Flight Plans &Aircraft Position
Reports
NOTAMEntry (NES)
Flight Plans
AISR
PublishedNOTAM
Messages
DraftNOTAM
Messages
Plan & Actual Flight Display(SpaceTrax)
AltitudeRequests
ATCSCCAdvisory
DebrisFields
NASAPlanned
TrajectoryFiles
For TSD Adaptations
NASAPlanned
TrajectoryFiles
DSR
Advisories
DraftNOTAM
Messages
ATCSCC
ARTCCs
Data for Draft
NOTAMMessages
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 25
CARF
HCS/ERAM
NOTAMsFNS
ETMSTFM-M
TSD / WSDDisplay
Flight Plans &Aircraft Position
Reports
NOTAMEntry (NES)
Flight Plans
DraftNOTAM
Messages
Flight Plan Messages(Phase 3)
Command Center Advisories (CCA), Flight Movement Messages, and
TSD Adaptations(Phase 3)
AISR
AltitudeRequests(Phase 3)
PublishedNOTAM
Messages
ATCSCCAdvisory
SpaceTrax& SWIFT (at ATCSCC)
Virtual “Spaceflight” Center KXAS
Plan & Actual Flight Display(SpaceTrax)
Real-TimeTrajectory
Data
DSR
ARTCCs
ATCSCC
DraftNOTAM
Messages
Planned Trajectory
Files
SATMS Phase 2/3 Architecture
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 26
SATMS Toolkit will be implemented over the next 3-5 years:• Year 1 (FY2008)
• SpaceTrax 1.0• SWIFT Proof-of-Concept
• Year 2 (FY2009)• SWIFT 1.0• SpaceTrax 2.0• Real-Time Data Interface 1.0• TFM-M Interface Prototype
• Year 3 (FY2010)• SWIFT 2.0• SpaceTrax 3.0• Real-Time Data Interface 2.0• TFM-M Interface 1.0
• Year 4+ (FY2011 and later)• Satellite Orbit/Re-entry Tracking• Continuing updates to the Toolkit
FY08 – FY12 Implementation
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 27
Conclusions
• Space operations will continue to increase, as will the challenges of accommodating operations safely in the NAS.
• Experience gained in support of Shuttle reentries has helped to identify and refine SpaceTrax and SWIFT requirements and implementation strategies.
• The toolset and associated Air Traffic procedures will enhance situational awareness for Controllers and help them identify airspace restrictions, while providing mitigation options for potential impacts.
Spaceflight Management in the NAS - Integrating Space Operations Into The National Airspace System
Federal AviationAdministration 28
For More Information Please Contact:
Alan Hayes, FAA Program Manager
Telephone: (202) 493-1406
Email: [email protected]
Thank You!