Spacecraft Structures
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Transcript of Spacecraft Structures
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Spacecraft Structures
Heather ReedMechanical Engineering Manager
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Structures
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What is a structure?
Why does a spacecraft need a structure?
PRIMARY or Secondary?
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3 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Lifecycle of a Structure
REQUIREMENTS(NEEDS)
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
BUILD
TEST
INTEGRATION
STUDENT NITRIC OXIDE EXPLORER (SNOE)
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4 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
REQUIREMENTS
• What does this spacecraft structure need to do?
• Accessibility• Lift points
– Vibe– Acoustic– Shock
» Thermal» Radiation
ROCKET LAUNCH
GROUNDTESTING
ON-ORBITCONDITIO
NS
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5 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
DESIGN – What shape will it be?
• SNOE was a “spinner”
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6 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
DESIGN – What will it be made out of?
• Materials selection– Stiffness vs. Strength
• Car suspension – STRONG CAR, weak connection to the road– WEIGHT CHEAPEST RIDE TO SPACE = $35,000 per lb– Cleanliness
• Specific plastics only• Materials that can be scrubbed
• Aluminum is a great material
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7 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
DESIGN – How will it be built?
• Manufacturability– Strongest structure is all one piece– How easy is it to assemble?
– Primary structure $$ < 1% of SNOE mission budget ($8M)
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8 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
SPACECRAFT
ROCKETNOSECONE
ROCKET SECONDARYSTAGE
DESIGN – Will it fit?
• Solid Modeling– Static or Dynamic
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9 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Solid Modeling - SolidWorks
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10 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
ANALYSIS - Modal Simulation Results
Mode 2 – 821 Hz – Mode shape plotRocking in the Y-direction
Mode 6 – 1270 Hz – Mode shape plotRocking in the X-direction
• 821 Hz: First predicted high mass participation mode.
• 741 Hz: Lowest frequency mode is a local connector bracket mode.
• Z-axis has very little mass participation below 2000 Hz.
• Two principal mode shapes shown below:
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11 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
BUILDING IT – Your best laid plans
• Fabrication – Do 2 planes meet perfectly?
• Assembly – How clean is clean?
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12 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Why TEST?
• Vibration Testing• Thermal Vacuum Testing• Acoustic Testing• Shock Testing• Strength Testing• Spin Balance• Mass properties
NASA Goddard Gold Rules: • TEST AS YOU FLY, FLY AS YOU TEST
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13 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
TESTING – Vibration Testing
• Mass model testing – Good practice• Test sensors - Accelerometers
LARGE SPEAKER “VIBE TABLE”
AT BALL AEROSPACE
SNOE SPACECRAFT
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14 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Vibration Test Specification
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15 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
TESTING – Thermal Vacuum
• Less cooling without air – Electronics• Thermal expansion – Causing binding• More friction without air – Moving parts• HOT/COLD Operational and Survival limits
SNOE SPACECRAFT
LARGE TANK “RAMBO” AT BALL
AEROSPACE
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16 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
INTEGRATION to the Pegasus
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17 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Secondary Structure – Solar Arrays
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18 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Heather Reed, CU Mechanical Eng 97’
• Work during Undergrad studies, BS ME in 1995– Space Grant College– NIST, NDE lab– CU football & basketball security– Hart Ranch snack shop
• Work during Grad studies on SNOE, MS ME in 1997– FEA, Solar panel substrate, Nutation damper, Torque rods,
Thermal blankets
• Employed at LASP after graduation• ME Manager in 2001, 8 ME’s then, 23 ME’s now• Current program is MAVEN, mission to MARS• Starting Program Management this week
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EUV on MAVEN going to Mars
Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW) – LASP / SSLLPW/Extreme Ultra-Violet (LPW-EUV) – LASP
LPW-EUV
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20 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Testing
• Engineering Unit testing – Mechanism Life Testing – Vibe, Life Test cycling– Luxel filter qualification – Vibe, thermal cycles– Light leak testing– Torque margins– Spring force – Magnetic field
• Flight Unit testing– Vibe test
• Random Vibe, response limit• Strength verification = ?
– Mechanism Run-in• Torque margins• Spring force
– Light leak testing
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21 Nov 8th, 2011 Spacecraft Structures Heather Reed, ME Manager
Aperture Mechanism Life Test Plan
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Tem
p (d
egC)
30V
22V30V36V
22V30V36V
22V30V36V
30V
200 Cycles
4280 Cycles
-5°C
-35°C
35°C
50°C