Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic...

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Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

Transcript of Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic...

Page 1: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

Page 2: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 2 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Technology in the Arctic • There is significant potential

– Resources – Tourism – … helped by receding ocean ice

• There are severe challenges – Weather – Ice – Poor naval maps – Remoteness of the region

– and

– … Space Weather…

Page 3: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 3 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Space Weather is Powered by the SUN

• The SUN emits electromagnetic radiation – The energetic radiation in the UV and X-ray bands varies in time – The radiation takes 8 min to reach Earth

• The SUN ejects matter – Electrons and protons that form the Solar Wind – Eruptions take ~30 min to a tens of hours to reach Earth

• Solar activity varies on timescales from minutes to many years

Page 4: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 4 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The SUN: X-ray activity 11-year cycle

The Yohkoh satellite

Page 5: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 5 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The SUN: Impulsive injection of particles

The Trace Satellite

Page 6: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 6 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The SUN from ESAs Soho satellite

Page 7: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 7 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Disturbances travel to Earth

Page 8: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 8 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The Solar wind Reaches Earth • The electromagnetic radiation is unaffected by the Earths magnetic field.

It affects primarily the lower latitude regions • The particles of the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere. The

effects are strong in the Arctic.

Page 9: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 9 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Effects in the Arctic – Ionosphere Density • Impulsive energetic particles are dumped into the upper atmosphere

creating enhanced ionisation and perturbations to the ionosphere – Disrupts HF communication – Affects GNSS accuracies

Page 10: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 10 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Effects in the Arctic – Electric Currents • Impulsive currents are induced in the lower ionosphere ( tens of kA)

– currents are induce in the Earth’s crust – .. and power grids – the magnetic field direction varies widely

-20 0 20

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

3012 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

north

-20 0 20

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

3012 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

12 MLT

61880

70

south

Page 11: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 11 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The Space Weather Concerns • The “normal” occurrence of Space Weather storms

– Some aspects can be mitigated by proper design of technological systems – Other aspects needs warning:

• Navigation • Communication

– The challenge is to give high quality information on Space Weather conditions

• The Super Storm (Carrington )

– August 28 to September 2, 1859 numerous sunspots and solar flares – September 1–2 the largest recorded geomagnetic storm with Aurorae

around the world, even the Caribbean – Telegraph systems all over Europe and North America failed – This magnitude expected every 500 years, with events one-fifth as large,

several times per century (1921 and 1960)

Page 12: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 12 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The Role of ESA for Arctic Space Weather • Space infrastructure should ideally support:

– Acquisition of data for development of needed models and predictive tools

– Monitoring of Space Weather relevant parameters

• The infrastructure could include – Observations (monitoring) of solar activity – Monitoring of the solar wind parameters (L1) – Low Earth Orbit satellites for monitoring of energetic particles and

magnetic fields (ionospheric currents)

Page 13: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 13 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

The Role of DTU Space • DTU Space activities are coordinated in our Space Weather Center

– We deploy and operate instruments in Denmark and Greenland – collect and calibrate measurements – develop models and data products – communicate with users, the research community, and the public

• The center builds on DTU Space expertise – Scientific

• Solar wind and its interactions with the Earth’s magnetic field • The interactions of the magnetosphere processes with the

ionosphere • The Earth’s geomagnetic field

– Instrumentation • Magnetic field sensors on ground and in space • GPS technology and its use for ionospheric monitoring

Page 14: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 14 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

High-precision magnetometry missions with DTU Space instruments

Ørsted 1999-

Satellites are in low Earth, polar orbit providing accurate measurements of Space Weather magnetic perturbations (electric currents)

SAC-C 2000-2004

CHAMP 2000-2010

SWARM 2012-

Page 15: Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic - ESA ARTES Apps · Space Weather Awareness in the Arctic Torsten Neubert Head of Section for Solar System Physics

17/04/2008 Presentation name 15 DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark

Ground observations

• GPS (ionosphere) • Magnetometers (magnetic

field fluctuations)