Space final

“There are some who question the relevance of space activitiesin developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose.We don’t have the fantasy of competing with the economicallyDeveloped nations in the exploration of moon or planets or manned flight.

But we are convinced that if we are able to play a meaningful role nationally & in the community of nationswe must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man & society.”

----- Dr Vikram A. Sarabhai, Father of India’s space program

The Rohini Sounding Rocket program to develop indigenously developed and fabricated sounding rockets launched the first single-stag e Rohini rocket in 1967, followed by a two-stage Rohini rocket (100 kg payload to over 320 Km altitude).

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM

ROHINI

In 1969 Sriharikota was chosen as Rocket Launch Station (SHAR RLS) for launching satellite launch vehicles and large rockets to leverage from earths rotational velocity from west to east. On 15 August 1969 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was created under Department of Atomic Agency ( DEA ) to conduct space research and application.


Sriharikota

The 1st Indian cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma the 138th man into space, spent eight days in space aboard Salyut 7. Launched aboard Soyuz T-11 on 02 April 1984. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi-spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas.


Cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma


In recent years, India has concentrated much of its space development work on complex applications satellites and more powerful rockets. The nation's two main interests are satellites for remote sensing and communications -- used For weather pictures, disaster warnings and feeds to 552television and 164 radio stations on the ground.

THE INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM


1. APPLE2.Aryabhata3.Rohini4.SROSS5.IRS6.INSAT7.GSAT


One of India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch VehicleWas launched on April 18, 2001 placed 1.5 ton experimentalSatellite GSAT-1 into geosynchronous orbit 22,300 milesAbove earth.

GSAT is a communication satellite with digitalAudio, data & video broadcasting using 2 S-band, one High power C-band & two indigenous C-band transponders.

Geo-synchronous satellites:


GSAT-2 is a 2000 kg class experimental communication satellite onboard, the second developmental test flight of India's, GSLV-D2. It carries 4 C-band transponders, two Ku - band transponders & a Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) payload operating in S-band and C-band for forward link and return link respectively. GSAT-2


India's Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) was launched on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C3) from Sriharikota on October 22, 2001.

( Technology Experiment Satellite )


The first experimental launch of a Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) rocket took place on August 10, 1979. Eleven months later, on July 18, 1980, India launched its first satellite, Rohini-1, to orbit on an SLV from the Sriharikota Island launch site. Since then, India has invested a great deal of development work in more powerful rockets.


The first developmental launch of a larger Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) rocket took place on March 24, 1987. Although an ASLV could lift a 300-lb. satellite to an orbit 250 miles above Earth, it was unsuccessful in its first try. The2ND ASLV in July 1988 also failed. But, the 3rd & 4th attempts were successful.


Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) debuted in September1993 failed to attain orbit. But its individual elements were successful. PSLV could lift a One - ton satellite to a Sun-synchronous polar orbit.

PSLV - C4(METSAT MISSION)


IRS-P6In

PSLV-C5 ENVELOPEPSLV - C5

(A flight profile)


With a lift of weight of 294 tone, the 44.4m tall PSLV is a four stage vehicle employing solid propellant stages in the first and third stages and liquid propellant stages in the second &4TH stages. It also employs 6 solid propellantstrap-on motors for the first stage.

PSLV-C2


A 3 stage vehicle; 1st stage is a 129 tonne solid propellant core motor with 4 liquid propellant strap-ons with 40 tonne propellant each, 2nd stage is a liquid propulsion system with 37.5 tonne propellant and a cryogenic upper stage with 12 tonne liquid oxygen & liquid Hydrogen. (GSLV-D2)


The first attempt to launch a larger GSLV rocket on March 28, 2001, failed on the pad when four strap-on boosters failed to reach the required thrust. Next GSLV was launched on April 18, 2001, from the Sriharikota Island launch site in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. It successfully placed a 1.5-ton experimental satellite called GSAT-1 into geosynchronous orbit 22,300 miles above Earth.

( GSLV-D1)


Remote Sensing Applcations in:-

• Integrated mission for sustainable development. (IMSD).• Natural Resources Information System ( NRIS).•Crop Acreage & Production Estimation (CAPE).• Rajib Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission.• Ago-climatic Planning & Information Bank (APIB).


Krishna delta’s features such as beach sands shoals , mudflats, water logged areas etc are clearly Seen inimage. The 3 tributaries of the Krishna River, the drainage pattern and river course changes could alsobe noted.

Krishna delta

Image shows part of Bhavnagar, large rectangular features are salt pans with inlet water (brine water) and salt encrustations. Towards the top right is theBhavnagar Creek which is the source of salt waterfrom the sea to the salt pans. The linear feature in the bottom right is the railway line and part of the built up areas of Bhavnagar city


Bhavnagar


DelhiJaipurSensor : IRS1D LISS III Sensor : IRS1C PAN


RRSSCs are actively involved in a number of remote sensing applications projects catering to National, Regional, State, District and Locale specific needs. With the kind of infrastructure available at the regional centers it is possible to cater to varieties of user requirements. Each centre is specialized & well tuned to provide solutions to region-specific problems using remote sensing techniques

Various works performed by RRSSCs are as follows:-


map production

Space final

Education

Transcript of Space final