S@P Enamel
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Transcript of S@P Enamel
PRESENTATION ON
Production Of Enamel & It’s function
ContentDefination History of enamel Raw materials Manufacturing process Function of enamel
EnamelDefination: A coloured glassy substance, translucent or opaque, fused to the surface of articles made of metal, glass, etc, for ornament or protection.
Examples for Enamel:The cups are in white porcelain with raised designs in gold and enamel.
Histroy of Enamel
• The word enamel comes the High German word “smelzan” later becoming “esmail” in Old French. Hence the current usage of “smalto” in Italian, “email” in French and German and “enamel” in English.• In history, enamels were initially
applied on firstly gold, then silver, copper, bronze and more latterly on iron and steel.• The earliest known pieces of
enamel can be found in the Nicosia museum in Cyprus and Mycenae.
Raw materials
silicaQuartz
Clay
Micas
Feldspar
The manufacture of enamel
The various stages in manufacturing enamel:
1.The fusion stage.2.Another stage(Alternative fusion process)
The fusion stage• The first step is to
check, weigh and mix the various constituents of enamel.• The “glass” to be
melted at a temperature of between 1100°C and 1300°C.• The most common
process involves using a tunnel furnace where the mixture is introduced at one end and comes out the other.• The mixture remains
in the furnace about an hour. • When it emerges it is
cooled rapidly through a water cooled rolling mill to form a glass sheet.
Another stage(Alternative fusion process)
• An alternative fusion process involves using a rotary furnace into which the constituents are poured, mixed and heated.• After cooling and crushing, enamel frit is obtained.• Enamel frit may be applied in liquid form or may also form of
powder.• In case of liquid form,the addition of certain ingredients
(suspension, refractory,colouring agents, electrolytes and opacifiers), the frit is ground and mixed with water to form a slurry.• When power form is used,the enamel powder obtained does
not require any additives or further treatment at the enameller and can be directly used in powder spray guns.
Function Of EnamelCONSTRUCTION
• Enamelded steel has been used to make mega structure or building construction.
Function Of EnamelIt also used for making cookware
Function Of EnamelEnamel is also used for ceramics
Function Of Enamel• Enamel is also used for jewellery
Function Of Enamel
• Other uses