sovremeni transportni tehnologii
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Transcript of sovremeni transportni tehnologii
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,, . “ -
-
- -
2007
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RO RO
LO LO
RO RO/LO LO
FO FO
HUCKEPACK
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. ,
, , .
, : 1) , 2) ,3) RO-RO , 4) LO-LO , 5) RO-LO , 6) FO-FO
LASH , 7) HUCKEPACK 8) .
1.
: 1) , 2) ,3) , 4)
.
1.1.
, , ( :
, , , , , ) , ,
.
, .
, .
.
, , , RO-R
Huckepack .
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.
:
-,
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,-
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- ,- ,
, ,-
.
1.2.
, , , .
, , : 1) , 2) , 3) 4)
. , : , , ...
, , 1200x1000 mm,
1000 .
, . .
, . , ,
.:
- 1000 mm× 800 mm- 1200 mm×800 mm- 1200 mm×1000 mm- 1600 mm×1200 mm- 1800 mm×1200 mm
( InternationalStardardization
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Organization – . ISO ) . , 1200
mm×800 mm, ( 80%), 1200 mm×1000 mm. 500 1000 ,
, . (UIC)
1200 mm×800 mm 1200 mm×1000 mm. ,
1200 mm×800 mm, , 1200 mm×1000
mm. ,, , ....
, , , , ,
. , . .
, , . ( )
. 1200
mm×800 mm 1200 mm×1000 mm. 800 1000 mm, 500 1000 ,
, . (ISO)
:- – , : M- – ,- – EUR –
, .,
.
,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
., :
. , :
.,
.
, .,
.
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IATA ( ) .
:
- 3180mm×2240mm - 3180mm×1530mm - 6060mm×2440mm
, , ,
, 2020 2030 mm. : B-747 (BOEING), A-300
(AIRBUS) L-1011 (LOCKHEED).,
, . , ,
, ,
.
1.3.
. , , , , ,
,, , .
, .,
, , ,,
, , , , ,
, , , ( )
. (hardver) ,
, ( ),....
1.4.
, , ,
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, .
, , , ,
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- , , .
75%, 25%.- ,
70%.
- , ,
, . ,
, 400%,
35% .- ,
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,, , ,
. .- ,
, , .
75%, 35%.
-.
40 60%, 100%
- . 50% ,
, .
, 30 ,
, .
.
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- . , ,
.- ,
, .- .
90% 75%
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, 20 80 %,
15 80%, 15 75%, .
, :, ,
, , .
, 15%.
1.
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2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
7. , ,
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8. –
9.
10. –
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11. – ( )
2.
2.1.
(ISO), 1975 ,
(TIR – ), . , ,
, – , , :
• , , .
• , .
•, .
• , -,
.• .• .• .
, ,,
. :
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- , , ,
( ).
– .
, , .
–
. ,, RO-RO, LO-LO, FO-FO, Huckepack
.
.
2.2. .
• , , , , , -
.• , .•
.• ,
.•
.
1997 1998 .
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( 000 TEU)
1998 - TEU 1997 - TEU1 Singapore 15.100 14.1352 Hong Kong 14.500 14.3863 Kaohsiung 6.770 5.6904 Rotterdam 6.032 5.4945 Busan 5.735 5.2346 Long Beach 4.098 3.5067 Hamburg 3.547 3.3378 Antwerpen 3.268 2.9699 Los Angeles 3.200 2.960
10 Shanghai 3.050 2.53065.300 60.241
, : 1999
6.000 5.000.000 TEU,
150.000.000 TEU 3.000.000.000.
, ,
.
( ) :
- , 1 3 3 3 . .
(UIC) :
- 1,0 1,2 3
– 1,2 2,0 3
– 2,0 3,0 3
. ,.
- , 3 10 3, 10 , 6 .
,, ,, (,,pa,, parteur anemag),
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, .
. , .
,, ,, , , , , , .
- , 10 3 ,
6 . .
ISO , 20,30 40 8 .
ISO , :
• , .
• .• .• ( )
.• .• .
* * *
, . 1965 ISO 10,20, 30 40 ( 1ft=30,48 cm.)
8 , .
40 9 9,6 , 9 %
40 8 . 40 45 9,6
(extendible containers), 12% 40 .
,,ft“= , , 40' = 12.192 , ,,ft“= foot – feet
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= stopa – , ,,ft“=304,8 . ,,TEU,, , TEU = twenty food equivalent unit = – 20 .
20, 30 40 , 20, 25 30 .
24.000.
(ISO) ,
45 53 , 2,6 ., 53
, .
:
•, .
•,
.• (open top )
, , , ,
.• , .• , , , ,
.• .• .• .
, :
1. .,
, , .
2. ,, ,, ..
3. (tank – )..
4. (bulk – )..
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5. ( flat – )., – .
6. ..
, ,
. (ISO) ,
.
:
:,
, , , ( ) (
).
, .
0123 (frigo)4
XX XXXXXX X
MK XX XX
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56 – 7 (tank ) 8
9
:
1. - .2. - (kg. Lbs.).3. - (kg.
Lbs.).4. - .
* * *
. IATA 1967 ,
1971 .
, , ,,igloo,, ,
.
IATA
-cm
LD – 3 156 153 163 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310LD-3, FRIGO 156 153 163 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310LD – 7 318 224 163 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310,
DC8FLD – 7,FRIGO
303 209 160 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310,DC8F
10' 318 224 244 B747M/F, 20' 606 244 244 B747M/F, Za eden konj 279 60 210 B747F, B747M/F, DC8F,
Za tri konja 318 244 235 B747M/F, Za tri konjaotvorenakonstrukcija
213 233 185 B737, B747, DC8F,
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2.3.
,
- .,
: , , .
,
, ISO .
:
- .
, , :
1. , 1968 , 700 TEU
18 20 (nm/h).
2. , 1970 , 1.500
TEU, 22(nm/h) .
3. , 1973 , 3.000
TEU, 30(nm/h) .
4. ( ECOM-SH) 1970 ,
. 4.000 TEU, 28 (nm/h) .
5. , 1985 . 4.500 TEU,
28 (nm/h) .
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6. , 1990 .
5.500 TEU, (nm/h).
. (Hong Kong, Singapore, Rotterdam, Kaohsiung, .).
14-.
, 6.500 TEU.,
, , , .
, ,
, . ,
, , ,
, .
,
, , , feeder – servis,
. 1.320 TEU,
42 (nm/h), – . ,, Concorde-mlaznici,,.
1.320 TEU, 130 150 $, 100 $.
1.
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2. , 6.058 . 2.438 . 2.591 .
RO – RO. Roll on – Roll off ( RO – RO ) ( ) – ( ),
, , : , ,
, , , , , . RO – RO .
. (
) , ( . Roll on – – ),
, , ,
. Roll off – – ). RO – RO ,, ,, , RO – RO
,
, .
( . LUF – Lift Unit Frame – ), ,
RO – RO 2.000 (nm).
LO – LO. Lift on – Lift off ( LO-LO) ,, – ,,
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(, )
. ( ).
LO – LO :
- (Full container ships)..
(cellular type) .
- (Particular container ships).
. ,
.- (Convertibile container ships).
, ,
.- SEA-TRAIN . ( ) –
. , ,
.- .
, , .
, (Full container ships) ,
.,
(Feeder ships). ,
, ( ,, ,,)
. Feeder 100 1.500 TEU, 18 ( vorovi).( 1 vor/h =1,852 km/h).
FO– FO . Float on – Float off FO – FO (
),
( ) ( ) LASH (LASH – ,,Lighter Aboard Ship,,
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). ,
( ) LASH . ,, ,, ,, ,,
. :
- LASH . 77 ( ), 375 , .
, .
1.500 TEU.- SEA-BEE ( ) .
. 38 850 1.800 TEU.
- BACAT (Barges Aboard Catamaran) – , . 10
140 3 LASH 375 .
, . ,
, ,
, .,
, , , – ,, , .
, , , , , – .
) .
:- , ,- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,
.-
.
20 50
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. , ,
60 , .
. ,
., . – ,
R. E, , .
,
( ) – , . ,
. ,
, , – .
, , UIC.
,
. .
, .
,
. ,
– 50 . Huckepack ,
– , 9 ,
, .),
. ,
,, , .
:- – ,- 20 ,
,
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- 30 , ,
- 40 , 20 ,
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..
( , ,),
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. () ,
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:- ,- ,,roller,, ,- .
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,
().
, :
- ,- .
, .
. ,
. . ,
5,5 .
, ( . ), :
- ,- ,- ,- .....- .
2.4.
, , ,
. .
,
USD. ,
, 80% .,
()
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,
( ) .
.
:- .
, .
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80%, , .
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20 ( ), 20 ,
4 6 –,
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-,
, .,
, ,
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. .
-,
.- -
, , , ,
, ,.
-,
.-
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, .
-,
.- ,
, EDIFACT .
.,
, .
,
, ,
.
, , , ,
.,
: , ,
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, , ,
, , ,
. .
, , :
, , .
25%. ,
.
3. RO – RO
:1) RO-RO , 2)
RO-RO , 3) RO-RO .
1: RO – RO .
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2: RO – RO ,
3.1. RO-RO
Roll on – Roll off ( RO-RO), ( ) – )
, : , ,, , ,
, RO-RO . .
, , (Roll on – , ),
, , ,
(Roll off – , ).
, – Roll on – Roll off ( RO-RO .
:
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3: RO – RO .
4: RO – RO .
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5: RO – RO
,,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, , LASH .
RO-RO
- ,,
, .
-, , ,
.-
RO-RO , .
- ,,
.
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- , , .
RO-RO 2.000 ,
, : , , ,, , , ,...
1.000 RO-RO , .
RO-RO , , ,
, RO-RO , .
, (
) (
), .
3.2. RO-RO
RO-RO , RO-RO .
,
. ,
( ), .
RO-RO :
- RO-RO ,- RO-RO ,- RO-RO ,- RO-RO ,- RO-RO / RO-RO ,- RO-RO . Sto-Ro ,
, . RO-RO ,
.
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RO-RO , RO-RO RO-RO .
La Manchea. RO-RO ,
RO-RO.
RO-RO RO-RO , ,
RO-RO RO-RO .
RO-RO :
- RO-RO , : 110 ,
16 , 5 , 3.800 DWT 200-300 TEU, 12 150 .
- RO-RO .
: 150 , 20 , 7 , 6.000 DWT 300-500 TEU, 19 ,
7 150 .- RO-RO
. : 190 , 27 , 8 ,
1.800 DWT 500 – 1.000 TEU, 30 , 15 200 .
- RO-RO .
: 228 , 35 , 9 , 18.000 DWT 1.300 – 3.600 TEU, 50
, 24 400 .
:
- RO-RO . , 6 ,
6 .- RO-RO .
, , RO-RO
:
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1. RO-RO , .
, 40%.2. CAPA – 12 ,
. SOLAS 1977
.3. CACA – ,
.4. CONV – RO-RO ,
, .
5. CONT – , RO-RO
.6. PACA – ,
. SOLAS 1977 ,
.7. HYBR – RO-RO ,
RO-RO , . , , ,
.
- RO-RO , :
1. ,,R,, – , (pure RO-RO vessels).
2. ,,C,, – (RO-RO ) (LO-LO)
(RO-RO – container vessels).3. ,,G,, –
, (RO-RO –general cargo vessels).
4. ,,H,, – RO-RO , (RO-RO – heavy lift vessels).
RO-RO ,
, , ,
( ).
RO-RO Sto-Ro ( Stowable RO-RO).
RO-RO , ,
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( , , , , , ). Sto– Ro
, .
20 .
, , RO-RO .
. 150 , 21,5 , 18 , 6,5 ,
20 , 7.000 DWT. 60 , 80 .
, , , 1.300 .
, .
90 . 100 , , ( )
. .
.
RO-RO , , 20 80 ,
, ( ). RO-RO ,
.
, ,
, LUF (LUF ,,Lift Unit Frame,,)
LUF :
- LUF ,LUF LUF .
- - 100 ,
.- LUF
, .
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- , ,
.
3.3. RO-RO
, RO-RO,
, LO – LO .
, :
- RO-RO , ,
.- RO-RO
,, ,,
.,
.- RO-RO ,
, : , , , , , ,
.- RO-RO .
RO-RO 400 600 ,
600 1.500 .,
75 , 180 ,
500 . , RO-RO
, .
- RO-RO (LASH ) . RO-RO
,
.
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, – ,
.- RO-RO
, .- RO-RO
24 .- RO-RO
.- RO-RO
.- RO-RO
:
1. RO-RO , ,, 2-3 ,
2-3 , .2. ,
, .
3. , , .
4. , .
RO-RO ,
. RO-RO 1/3 , :
-.
-, .
- , .
-. .
RO-RO , , ,
.
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RO-RO, :
RO-RO , .
. 15 %.
RO-RO .
6: –
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7: .
8: .
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9:
10. RO-RO .
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11: RO-RO .
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4. LO – LO
LO – LO , , : 1)
LO – LO , 2) LO – LO , 3)
LO – LO .
4.1. LO – LO
Lift on – Lift off ( LO – LO) ,, – ,,
, , , , .
, . LO – LO
, , RO –RO, FO – FO, .
,
( , .) . ,
, , ,
LO – LO .
, LO – LO
, . LO – LO
, ,
.
. LO – LO
, ,, .
, – , – ,.
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LO – LO
1., : ,
, – .2. , ,
, , .3. ,
, .
4. LO – LO
.
4.2. LO – LO
1: .
2: .
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3: .
LO – LO , , – – ,
( : LO –LO , LO – LO , LO – LO/RO – RO, LO – LO/FO – FO,LO – LO/Huckepack..), LO – LO
. LO – LO
, ,
. LO – LO
, LO – LO . , , ,
, .
, ,
,, – ,,. LO – LO
, :- , , , , ,
, ,
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- (), , SEA – TRAIN/ ,
RO/ , FEEDER/ ,LASH/ , bulk/ , break-bulk/ , .
- SEABEE BACAT .
- Bulk-carrier .
LO – LO , ,
, .
LO – LO . 15.000 LO
– LO ( ) , .
LO – LO , , .
, , ,
.
4.3. LO – LO
LO – LO,
,, – ,, . LO – LO ,
, , ,RO-RO, FO-FO, Huckepacke.
LO – LO , .
5. RO-RO/LO-LO
Roll on – Roll off /Lift on – Lift off ( RO – RO/LO – LO RO– LO )
, . ,
RO – RO LO – LO .
![Page 47: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
RO – LO , ,, –
,, ,, – ,, . ,
. , RO-RO LO–LO ,
. , RO-RO LO-LO ,
. RO – LO ,
, .
, RO – LO .
6. FO – FO
FO-FO LASH ,: 1) FO-FO LASH
, 2) FO-FO LASH , 3) FO-FO LASH .
6.1. FO-FO LASH
Float on – Float off ( FO-FO) ,, – ,,
– ( , ,) ,
LASH . LASH ( ,,Lighter Aboard Ship,, ,, ,, )
LASH .,
, ,
, ,
( )
, .
![Page 48: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
, ,
. ,,
. , ,
,
,
. ( , , . ,,
,,). ,
, , , .
( ), .FO-FO : ( ,
) , , ,
, , ( )
,,feeder – LASH,, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,,feeder –LASH,, ,
.
FO-FO LASH
FO-FO LASH :
1) . :
![Page 49: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
- LASH ). LASH , :
30.000 DWT, 73 375 1.500 TEU, 23 ,
500 ,
, 1.500 2.000. , .
, . ,
.- SEA-BEE ( ).
1972 . ,: 43.000 DWT,
38 850 , 1.784 U, 26 ,
( . ,,Syncrolift,,), 2.000
( ) .
, 13 .- BACAT (Barges Aboard Catamaran), . .
1976 , . BACAT
LASH , ,,mini –LASH,, . BACAT ,
– ( ).
, . BACAT ,
: 15.000 DWT, 10 140 , 20 ,
400 , ,
6 .
![Page 50: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
1. ( ) , LASH –
2. ,, ,, ,
![Page 51: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
2) ( , , ). :, ,
, . . .
, . , ,
, , .
, LASH , -: 18,75 , 9,5 , 3,66
, – 2,7 , 370 .SEABEE – , –
: 29,72 , 10,67 , 3,81 , 3,25 , 850 .
SEABEE – , - 38,25 , 11,40 , 3,90 , 3,3 , 1.070 .
BACAT , – : 16,83 , 4,65 , 3,28 , 2,45 , 140 .
FO – FO , ( feeder- ) RO – RO
( feeder/RO – RO ), feeder-LASH .
80 , 24 , 8 , 3,5 .
, feeder-LASH ,
(8 10 LASH- ).
, , ,
FO –FO ,
![Page 52: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
“Crowley”
FO-FO LASH
![Page 53: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
FO-FO LASH
FO-FO LASH , :
- FO-FO LASH, ,
- FO-FO LASH,
,, ,, ,
-.
- FO-FO LASH , ,
, . ,
,
.- FO-FO LASH
. 90%.
. : , 100 ,
![Page 54: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
, 350 . 600 ,
LASH 1.500 2.000 . FO-LASH ,
. 80:20.- LASH ,
, .
- LASH ,:
1. LASH , 5 6 ,
, .
2. ,
.3.
.4. ,
.5. ,
, .6. ,
,
( ).7. ,
, , , .
8.LASH ,
50% LASH .
FO-FO LASH ,, ,
, :
- LASH .
![Page 55: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
- FO-FO LASH , ,
. , ,
, .- FO-FO LASH ,
, ,, , .
- ( ) .
.-
, .
- , , .
- ( )
.
FO-FO LASH,
,
.
7. HUCKEPACK –
, ,,huckepack,,
: 1) ,,huckepack,, , 2) ,,huckepack,, 3)
,,huckepack,, .
,,Huckepack,,
Huckepack , : Huckepack tragen = ( ),
Piggy-back ( ), Kangourou ( ), Uprtni prijevoz (), Oprtni prevoz ( ),
, , Huckepack Huckepack .
(
![Page 56: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
), ,
. Huckepack- , Huckepack-
Huckepack- . Huckepack, ,
, , , , , , , , (...),
, , , , , , (...).
1: Huckepack : http://transport.asi.pwr.wroc.pl/0.1A/tournee.php?p=17660 (04.01.2007).
Huckepack-
, : Kombiverkehr A.G., S-Combi, Novatrans, Cemat, Combi-Dan,
Trailstor, T.R.W. (Trans Route Wagon), Hupac, Ökombi, Combiberia, Hungarokombi,
Adria Kombi, Polkombi (...). Huckepack , ,
, .
![Page 57: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
, : Huckepack ?
, , Huckepack
, , , ) ,
( ) ( )
. ,Huckepack
) ( ) ,.
Huckepack :
• ,
, ;
•;
•
;• ,
, ;
• Huckepack
(...).
,,Huckepack,, , :
1. Huckepack ( ,,Rolling highway,,).:
, ( ) .
.
. ( ) ,
, , , .
![Page 58: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Huckepack , . . Huckepack
, .
.
( ) . „ “,
, „ “
Huckepack .
Huckepack „ “ , :
•,
;•
;•
Huckepack „B“ „C“,
, , , Huckepack 1.250 (t) e ;
•
(...);• ( ) .
Huckepack ( . , )
, .
Huckepack „ “ :
• Huckepack ,;
• . 74:26.
( ) ( ) ,
![Page 59: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
;• ( ) ,
,
(...).
Huckepack „ “ („Ro-La“),
Huckepack , Huckepack :
• 1993 Huckepack ( ) ( ) ( ),
. Huckepack , , ;
• 1994 , (Sankt
Gotthard), – . ,
(28t , , ,
., ...)
„Ro-La“
3.800mm,
4.000mm. 36
700m. (Lötschbeg)
Huckepack 40t (...);
• Huckepack (La Manche) „Ro-La“ . 730m (...).
44t, 4.200mm, 2.600mm18.500mm. 2.762t.
![Page 60: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
,, ,, RO-La ( -Rollende Landstrasse),
, , 50- XX ,
60-.
1954.
. ,
.
. , , ,
.
- ”
Hupac, 1967 Chiasso,.
„Hans Bertschi” 60- XX Ludwigshafen ( ) .
,, „Hans Bertschi”
( . 2.1.). 118
cm . , 3 m.
1967 „Hans Bertschi” Hupac. 60-
, .
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1968. Basel-Melide, R –La ,
. 13,5 m, 45 cm. 360 mm. 1969.
Melide , Lugan . Basel–Lugano
.
- „ ”
, 1969. , ,
R -La Cologne – Ludwigsburg .
. 2.1. ( ) 1964. Basel -Lugano
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Kombiverkehr, ( huckepack ),
, Hupac.
1971 Ro-La , . Keln,
Verona ( ). Ro-La . , ,
.
Hupac , Tablot, 1980 ,
. , 17 t 19,09 m.
38 t, 40 t. R -La
, ,
. R -La 20 25 28 .
, R -La . ,
Ro-La ,
.
. 2.2.
![Page 63: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
R -La . 1994 Kombiverkehr
R -La .
- „ ” , , R -La
, .
Okombi Hucketrans. 1970 Hucketrans R -La Bludenz-Schoenwies Arlberg. ,
1972 .
R -La ,
.
1999 Tauer, .
. , R -La , Okombi
. Okombi R -La 200 Adtranz-Greenbrier.
, Worgl-Verona Maribor-Wels, 2001 .
- ,, ,, (1994-2005)
UIRR ( ,,huckepack,, ),
3.1.) „ ” , 1994 2005 . ,
huckepack UIRR, , „
” UIRR.
![Page 64: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
1994 Ro-La .
: -; - ; - ; - ;
- - .
„ ”. ,
3.1). ” 1994 2005 3.2.
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
A-CZ/SK A-D A-H A-I D-SLO/HRCH-D D-CZ/SK D-I H-SLO A-SLO
. 3.1. ,,RO-La,,
![Page 65: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
4.1.
)1994 252.5461995 312.3561996 343.7791997 345.7441998 381.7281999 406.2092000 460.4202001 465.5532002 464.4342003 459.6562004 382.1152005 315.680
1994 2001 „ ” huckepack ,
( 3.3). huckepack .
. 3.2. „ ” 1994 2005
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
![Page 66: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
huckepack , , 3.3.
- „ ”
„ ” .
, , .
” .
, ( ).
, .
, .
. 3.4 .
.. 3.3. „ ” huckepack
05
101520253035
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
huckepack [%] huckepack [%]
huckepack [%]
![Page 67: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
( 3.5). 2001 Vintimila Be 170 t.
. 3.6 2003
. 3.4. , , 25 .
. 3.5.
![Page 68: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
„ ”, Lötschberg Simplon ,
. 4 m ; 2,5 m
44 t ..
.
Gothard
, . -
60 km. , 4 , 16
.
, .
,
. 28 t 40 t 2005 . .
.
Francuska vajcarska Austrija
Pateneleznica
Vkupno
Pateneleznica
Vkupno
Pateneleznica
Vkupno
. 3.6. 1980 2003
![Page 69: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
2001 , .
, . 2004 65 %
, .
2004 10 % 2000 . . 2000
1,4 , 5319 , 2004 1. 255.000 .
2001 , “ ”
.
1,4 650.000 . 3.7 , 3.8
2001 .
2004
2000
. 3.7.
![Page 70: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
„ ” . .
: ,
. , . ,
, .
.
4%
34%
39%
23%
Ro-La
. 3.8 2001
![Page 71: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
, :
• Lötschberg Simplon • Gothard
Gothard, ,
3,8 m ( 3.11).
. 3.9
. 3.10 )
![Page 72: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
, 90 % 4 m ..
, ,,
AlpTransit, NEAT. Lötschberg (34,6 km),
2007 Gotthard (57 km ) 2015 ( 3.12).
. 3.11
. 3.12
![Page 73: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Gotthard Altdorf Biasca 40 km.
.
,,RO-La,,
„ ” ,
, .
„ ”
„ ” .
, .
. ,
.
, .
, ,
. .
. ,
. 4.1 R -La
.
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SGP „ ”
(360 mm) . : ,
( 100 km/h 2,5
) .
13 m, 15,4 32 .
„AR” , .
„ ”
. .
. ,, RO-La,,
. 4.2 ,,RO-La,,
![Page 75: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
.
„”, 2,5 m 4 m.
„Bombardier transportation” ,
( 4.4).
. 4.3 (Saadkms)
![Page 76: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
4 m, .
„ ” .
„Greenbrier Europe”
”. „ ” „Greenbrier Europe” : ( 4.5).
. 4.5 „Greenbrier Europe”
. 4.4 ,
![Page 77: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
4.6 Saadkms, „Siemens SGP verkehrstechnik GmbH”.
. , .
, H..
, . , KE-GP-A-(D)-bh8'',
. ,
.
. , ,.
.
,
.
.
- R -La
, ..
. 4.6 „Siemens SGP – GmbH,,.
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-
.
.
:
•;
•;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• .
-
:
•
;.
•;
• , .
• , ;
•;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• .
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. 4.7 ,
RO-La:
1. RO-La;
2. ( );
3. ;
4. , ;
. 4.8 ,,RO-La,,
![Page 80: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
5. , ,,RO-La,, ;
6. ;
7. ( .) ;
8.;
9. ;
10. ;
11. R -La .
- „ ”
huckepack.
-
,,R - La,, ,
.
-
, , – )
.
,
.
, , ,
, , , .
, 250 m, .
,
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, . (
4800 mm), ( 5800 mm). .
.
, .
, 4 m ,
,,huckepack,, ,, ,,.
huckepack
. 5.11 .
. 4.9
![Page 82: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
, . UIC
UIC , , ,
.
- ( )
-
. ,
, , .
, ,,
.
.
huckepack , .
huckepack , „ ”.
, . „ ”,
Ro-La .:
• ,
• ,
• .
,
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, .
-
P
C
K, R, T
B Sccns(s)
P – ,
:K – ,,Kombir il,,
R – ,,Road Railer,,
T – ,,Transtrailer,,
C – ,B – .
-
. ,
.
, ), .
, , 9 .
: (P, , R, , C,B) .
,
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.
2500 mm
2600 mm. ,
,
, .
. .
.
. .
. .
-
, , ,
.
huckepack , . ,:
• UIRR- ,
• , huckepack .
, .
GC ”.
4 0.65 . ,
, .
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UIC 506 , GB1 GB2. 10
2,6 .
UIC
.
![Page 86: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
. 4.10
![Page 87: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
. 4.11 ,,RO-La,,
![Page 88: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
5.”
- „ ”
, „ ”:
„ ”:
1) , ,
,
, . ,
.
,
.
2),
. , .
.
- „ ”
„” .
, .
huckepack.
. .
, , ,.
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- huckepack
, huckepack . , huckepack
. huckepack, , ,
, , .
. UIRR .
„ ”,
, .
.
. .
huckepack .
huckepack ,
.
, , ..
huckepack:
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ..
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6.
, . Huckepack
. . ,
, . , ,
.
.
.
, ,, , ,
. .
-
, ,
.
, , “ ”
, .
, 1999 .,
( , ). ,
, , :
•
•
•
• .
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2,9 . ,
“ ” :
1. , 3.5 , ,
.2. 15 ,
3,5 . 100 % .
3. , .
8 , , 12 , 4 12 .
4.5.
,
. . ,
, 38 . ,
, 39 ,
42 .6.7.
, , .
, , 70, .
8.
a) 3,5 t
15:00 24:00 00:00 22:00 .
65 km, .
b) 1. 31. , ,
7,5 t 08:00 15:00 .
![Page 92: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
.
c) 7,5 t
22:00 05:00.
.
9. 10. 1. 1997.
. .
11. 12. ,
.
,
.
-
, .
, 1. 2001. ,
. , 2,85
2010. .
Ro-La ,
, .
. ,
, .
:
1. „service-related” ;
![Page 93: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
2. (Saint-Gothard Lötschberg);
3. 20-25
;4. 22:00 05:00
;5. ,
.
Huckepack „ “ ( .,
) .,
. Huckepack „ – “.
Huckepack , .
1971 Huckepack „ – “ ( .
). ( .
). 10t. Huckepack
( . ) .
( , ).
.
.
:
• . ,
.
;•
. ,
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;• .
.
Huckepack , , :
, ( .) .
. ,.
Huckepack , , „ “, ,
, .
Huckepack :
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• ;•
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, .
, , Huckepack,
, . .
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9: Huckepack ( „ “)
10: Huckepack ( „ “– )
2. Huckepack . ,,Semi-trailer).: ( ) (
), ( ) . :
() ,
(...). . . ,
,. .
11: Huckepack ( „B“)
Huckepack „B“ . .
. Huckepack „A“, 60:40.
( , )
. ( )
, .
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: – ?
. :
• , ,
„ “;• .
, 16 ,
4 ;• Huckepack
( ) (Huckepack „C“)
, .
,
, :
• ( .
) Huckepack ;
•,
Huckepack Huckepack
.
Huckepack „B“ Huckepack „C“ Huckepack „ “ :
• Huckepack „B“ . ,
, ;
• (12m);
• (Huckepack
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„ “), „“.
3. Huckepack . ,,Swap-body,,).:
( ) . .
Huckepack.
( ) ( ., , ,...)
– . , .
Huckepack „C“ :
•;
•,
;•
;•
;•
Huckepack „C“, ;
•
( .,, , RO-RO, LO-LO, RO-LO, Huckepack
).
:
•;
• (...);
• , 10% (
10:90).
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7.2. ,,Huckepack,,
,,Huckepack,, :
1) , ,. ,,Huckepack,,
, , , , ( )
. –
, ,,Huckepack,, , ,
, .
( ), , ,
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, ,,Huckepack,, ,
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, .
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– . , : ,
3,8 , 3,6 , 4,6 4,57 .
. 3,5 4,3 ,
.
,,Huckepack,, ().
, ),
, ,,Huckepack,, A, B C.
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() , ,
, ,
.
, 335 350 , ,,Huckepack,,
.
. – ,, ,, ( RO-La).
, , ,,Huckepack,,
. ISO,
, ,, ,,
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. : , ,
: 7, 10, 12, . ,,Huckepack,,
, . , ,
,,Huckepack,, ,:
- ;- ;- ;- .
,,Huckepack,, ,, ,, ,
( ) .
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) . , ,
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,
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. ,
.
. .
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. .
, :
- 6,25 , 2,50 , 2,60 10 ,
- 7,15 , 2,50 , 2,60 15 ,
- 8,05 , 2,50 , 2,60 17 ,
- 12,20 , 2,50 27 ,
, :
- , 7,15 , 2,5 2,4,
- , 12,20 , 2,5 2,4,
, ,,Maxicadre,, ,
: 12,20 , 2,59 2,74 , 70 ,
5 . ,
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, ISO .
. . –
( ) . ,
,,Huckepack,, , . :
- , ,,,, ( ,,Rollende Landstrasse,, - ,,Niederfurwagen,,)
- – ,, ,, ,,Wippwagen,,).
( ), .
:
- – .,, ,,
- – . ,, ,,.
. ,
( ) ( . ,,sprederi,,) . ,, ,, ( ,,Europaische Einheitstaschenwagen).
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– – ,
).,
, ( ) .
,, ,,. ,,Huckepack,, ,
– , :
- ,,Saaks-Z 702,, ;- ,,Saaks-Z 703,, ,, ,, ( ,,Wippwagen,,).- ,,Saaks-Z 704,, ,,Saaks-Z 703,,- ,,Saaks-Z 706,, ;- ,,Saaks-Z 707,, . ,, ,,- ,,Lgis(s),, , .
, , ,,Huckepack,, , :
- – ,, ,, ,
,- ,, ,,- ,, ,,
, .
,,Huckepack,, , , –
:
- 10 6,25 , - 15 7,15 , - 17 8,05 , - 27, 30 48 12,2 .
,,HUCKEPACK,, . , , ,
, , ,, ,
,,HUCKEPACK,, , , ,
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, ( , )
( ),
,,Huckepack,, ,
,,HUCKEPACK,, ,,
,,Huckepack,, , : 1) ( 1,435
, 1,665 1,674 ,
1,524 , , , ,
,, Huckepack,, . 2) ,, 3)
, , 4) , 5)
, 6) , , 7)
,, Huckepack,, .
,,Huckepack,,
,,Huckepack,, ., : 1) (
, ), 2) ,3)
, 4) ,
, 5)
, ,, Huckepack,, .
Huckepack
Huckepack
. Huckepack ,,
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, „“.
Huckepack
, ,
.
, .
,
Huckepack .
Huckepack . Huckepack
:
• 500km, 200km.
, . ;
• Huckepack ,
;• Huckepack
. , , ;
• Huckepack , ;
• Huckepack ()
, (...);• Huckepack
,
, .
Huckepack ,
, , , .
Huckepack , 1969
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, .
1983 Huckepack , -
(München-Ljubljana-München), .
1985 Huckepack 5.000.000t , 60% ,
20% , 20% . 1990 10000000t.
Huckepack
300km, :•
Huckepack Huckepack, Huckepack, , ,
, .
, ;•
Huckepack . Huckepack .
Huckepack, , :
, , Huckepack , ) ( ).
Huckepack :
•:
, ;• ;•
;•
;•
, Hukepack ,
,
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;• ,
.
Huckepack „A“, „B“ „C“, :
1. Huckepack . ,
Huckepack , :
• , , ;
• ;• ,
.
Huckepack , , 30%
.
, (,...)
(Huckepack ), (Huckepack ).
Huckepack „ “. „ “),
Huckepack ( . ),
, .
Huckepack
, , .
Huckepack . , Huckepack
Huckepack .
( . ,)
(Huckepack „ “ „B“), , ,
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,
.
.,
, (Huckepack „ “), ,
. .
Huckepack „B“ „C“.
Huckepack
, :
(...). Huckepack :
• Huckepack
. , Huckepack
( ) , Huckepack
. Huckepack ,
;• Huckepack
( ) Huckepack ,
, (...).
2. Huckepack . , Huckepack
. Huckepack :
• , , ;
•.
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Huckepack , , Huckepack
. Huckepack, Huckepack
, (...).
Huckepack 300km
. .
Huckepack,
. -Huckepack
, . ,
Huckepack ,
.Huckepack
. Huckepack ,
, .
Huckepack . , ,
.
Huckepack , Huckepack , ,
. Huckepack , „B“
„C“, , Huckepack (...).
Huckepack .
, : ,, , , , ,
, , Huckepack
. ,
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,
, „“.
Huckepack ( ) ,
Huckepack .
Huckepack , .
, , , . , ,
Huckepack ,
Huckepack . ( ) Huckepack
, ,
Huckepack (...).
Huckepack. „ “, „B“
„C“ , ,
: Huckepack „C“ „ “ „B“, „B“
Huckepack „ “.
Huckepack, .
Huckepack „C“, „B“,
Huckepack „ “. Huckepack
(„ “, „ – “, „B“ „C“),
Huckepack ( . ,
) : 15%. , , : Huckepack „ “
Huckepack „ – “ 10%, Huckepack „B“ 15% Huckepack „C“ 20%. ,
( )
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Huckepack .
Huckepack ,
( . , , RO-RO , LO-LO , RO-LO , FO-FO
), -
, .
8.
, : 1)
, 2) , 3)
.
8.1.
, , Huckepack
, , ,
„ “,.
Road Railer.
. . (Robert S. Reebie) „Bi-Modal Corporation“.
, „Bi-Modal Corporation“ ,
, .
„Mark IV Road Railer“,
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„Mark V Road Railer“ .
„Mark V SST Road Railer“,,
„Road Railer“ , , ,
. „Mark Road Railer“
, .-
, .
1985 1990 , , ,
, : , , , , , , , (...),
, , .
, :
• , „MarkIV Road Railer“, „Mark V Road Railer“ „Mark V SST Road Railer“,
.
. ;
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. ,,Road Railer,,
• , „TigerRail-Trailer Train“, .
( . )
. .
: ,
( . , )
;
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.
•,
. ,
(...).
:
1. Mark V RoadRailer ( 12 1 7).
( . „bogie-pauk“ - . 1).
, ( . )
( . 2). ,
( . 3).
, , . 4).
( . 5). () ( . 6).
( . 7).
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12: (Mark V. Road Railer)
1 7, „ “
, , .
2. Tiger Rail Trailer Train ( 13 1 7).
1 2
3 4
5 6
7
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( . 1). ( . 2).
,
( . 3). ( )
( ) ( . 4).
( 2 3) ( . 5). ,
( . 6). ( 1-6)
( , , , .),
„ “ )
( . 7).,
, 1 7, “
, , , .
(München), 1991 – (München – Verona)
„Road Railer“, 40 .
(UIC) Kombirail. Talbot, Fruehauf Renafer.
, ( . )
.,
: ?,
. , , „ “
“ . „ “
( „ “)
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. , ( ) .
13: (Tiger Rail – Trailer Train)
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
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.
,
. ,
.
:
• ,
;•
;•
;• ,
, ;
• ,
(...).
Huckepack , Huckepack „B“, ,
, ,,
(...).
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8.2.
:
1) ..
:- ,,Mark V Road
Railer,, ( 14,04 , 2,45 , 38,00, 29,00 ).
26 (1,0 x 1,2 ) 33 (0,8 x 1,2 ).
120 ( ).
. 40 ( ) ) /
10, 20, 30 ( ) , 140 ( ).
- ,,Tiger Rail,,, ,
:
- ,,Trailer Train,,:
- 12,20 - 2,43 - 2,21 - 65,78 3- 31,00 - 23,00
- ,,Trailer Train,,:
- ( ) 13,40 - ( ) 2,45 - ( ) 2,225 - ( ) 73,87 3- ( ) 13,6 - 9 ) 2,5 - 37,00
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- 29,00 - 8,00
, 23,00 29,00 , 120
), 18,00 , 140 ( ).
,
, : , , ..(....).
: , 36,00
, 44,00 .,
, ,
.,
, UIR(Union Internationale des societes de transport combin, Rail/Ropute).
. UIC (Union Internationaledes Chemins de Fer = ), UFR ( Union des servicesRoutiers des chemins de Fer europeene des Ministeres de Transport =
), IRU (International Road Transport Union =) ISO (International Standardization Organization =
).
– , : Kombiverkehr A.G., Intercontainer Interfrigo, S-Combi, Cemat,
Novatrans, Kombi-Dan, Trailstor, T.R.W., Hupac, Okombi, Combibeira, Adria Kombi,Hungarokombi, Polkombi (…)
2) .. ,, ,,
( ) , ,, ,,.
, . ,
: (
, )
) .
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.
3) . , Huckepack ,
( , , , , ,
, ) ( ,
, , ) ,
. ,
. ,
, .
, , ,
.,
,
( ). ,,
, ,
,, ,, ,, ,,. ,
, ,.
, ( . )
(...).
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.
8.3.
, „ “.
( ., , , RO-RO, LO-LO, FO-FO, Huckepack) -
:
• ( . / )
;•
„ “ „ “ .
;•
, ;
• Huckepack „B“,
:- ( .
) 50% Huckepack„B“;
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- , ,
, Huckepack
„B“;- „ “
, Huckepack „B“;
- ( . ) -
, , 120km/h,
, ;-
Huckepack „B“ ( cca 500mm),
;- „ “ Huckepack „B“
, (...).
, , :
• , 25%,
1000kg;
• 500km . ,
.
FKV (München)
Huckepack „B“ 40, :
• 500km 40 10%. Huckepack
„B“ 3%, 15% ;
• 650km 40
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30%, Huckepack 25%,
10% .
500km,
. ( , cca 300km,
, , ,
, – , , ...)
;• , Huckepack
, 90% .
, .
, , ;
• 80% ;
• , ,
, 90%.
, Huckepack “, „B“ „C“, :
1. .,
, :• ;• ;• , ,
().
2. ., ,
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, 500km.
3.. , : ,
, , , , ,,
,
, .
,
,
. , , .
Kombiverkehr A.G. (Frankfurt am Mein) 1990
, :• Huckepack
550m. 14m,
Huckepack „C“ 17m Huckepack „B“ 20m, , 550m,
39 546 m), Huckepack
„C“ 32 (544m), Huckepack „B“ 27 ( 540m).
• Huckepack
1100t.:
15,5t, Huckepack „C“ 20t, Huckepack „B“ 23,5t, 27,5t.
( , Huckepack „ “ „B“) 28t, 1100t,
25 ( 1087t), Huckepack
„C“ 23 ( 1092t), Huckepack
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„B“ 21 20 ( 1081t 1090t).
• Huckepack
.
:- : 17t
8,5t 8,5t), 28t, 0,6;- Huckepack „C“: 22,5t
18,5t 4t), 28t, 1,4;
- Huckepack „B“: 34t ( 26t 8t), 24t,
1,4;
Huckepack „B“ „C“.,
, ,
Huckepack „ “, „B“ „C“.
. .
850kN, 2000kN.
35 . )
, 400km. ,
( . ) 80 .
, . 12m cca 15t,
Huckepack 30t. ,
, “ „ “ ,
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1000kg cca 25% 12m.
:
, ,
, „ “
(...).,
„ “ “ : (...).
, ,,
, ., , ,
, (...).
, , ,
Huckepack . Huckepack „ “,
Huckepack „B“ Huckepack „C“.
, ,, ,
( . ) ,
.
, :
( . , )
: 20%. , ( )
.
, , ( . ,
, RO-RO , LO-LO , RO-LO , FO-FO LASH Huckepack ),
![Page 128: sovremeni transportni tehnologii](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081716/540d3f8c7bef0a7b778b45db/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
.
. (
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1. Berndt A., Switzerland: Financing Constraints and Charging System FederalOffice of Transport, Section Freight Traffic Workshop on Rail InfrastructureCharges, Rome, July 2004.
2. Bundalo Z., Vukas L., „Postupak kodnog oznacavanja u kopnenomkombinovanom saobra aju”, Zeleznice, br. 5-6/str. (254-261), Beograd, 2000.
3. Doki M., Doki M., Razvoj i efekti primene tehnologija prevoza drumskihteretnih vozila zeleznicom u zemljama EU i mogu nosti razvoja u SRJ ,Ekonomika, Beograd, 1997.
4. Evropska komisija, Studija transportne infrastrukture Balkana Zavrsni izvestaj(Rebis studije) , juli 2003.
5. Zajednica Jugoslovenskih Zeleznica, Kombinovani transport u Jugoslaviji iregionu Jugoistocne Evrope - inicijative, perspektive i uslovi razvoja , Beograd,2003.
6. Zajednica Jugoslovenskih Zeleznica, Upustvo 52-Upustvo o tehnickimnormativima i podacima za izradu i izvrsenje reda voznje , Beograd, 1989.
7. Marinkovi A., „Ocena mogu nosti uvo enja i povezivanja huckepack i Ro-Rotehnologija transporta na osnovnim pravcima u SRJ”, Saobra ajni fakultet,Beograd, 1996. (diplomski rad)
8. Milutinovi D., Huckepack transport tehnologija A na transportnomtranzitnom koridoru Subotica-Beograd-Nis-Dimitrovgrad , Saobra ajni fakultet,Beograd, 1995. (diplomski rad)
9. Mulaosmanovi A., „Razvoj prevoza teskih kamiona na niskopatosnim kolima”,Zeleznice, broj 4-5/1988
10. Perisi R., Savremene tehnologije transporta II , Saobra ajni fakultet, Beograd,1995.
11. Radosavljevi Tijana, Unifikacija i kodifikacija jedinica huckepack sistematransporta , Saobra ajni fakultet, Beograd, 2002. (diplomski rad)
12. Ristovi Andrija, Mogu nost i opravdanost uvo enja tehnologije transportapokretnog druma na zeleznicama Srbije , Saobra ajni fakultet, Beograd, 2003.
(diplomski rad)13. Saobra ajni institut (CIP), Studija - Razvoj intermodalizma na koridoru H i
pruzi Beograd Bar , Beograd, 2002.
14. Hauger G., Hörl B., Verkehrsträger im alpinen Raum - Technische Lösungen zurBewältigung der Verkehrsströme , Wien, 2004.
15. http://en.wikipedia.org.
16. http://www.bombardier.com.17. http://www.hupac.ch.
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18. http://www.swissinfo.org/eng.
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