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Transcript of SOUVENIR - MOLDID - NEW
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOR WOMEN ELAYAMPALAYAM
National seminar on
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
23th
& 24th
February, 2011
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Convener : Dr. M.VIVEKANANDHAN
Organizing Secretary : Prof. B.T.SURESHKUMAR
Co-ordinator : Prof. K.MOORTHY
Invitation and Compeering
Coordinator : Mrs. V. Lavanya
Members: Thenmozhi.S - M.Phil Scholar
Thamari Selvi.A - M.Phil Scholar
Hemalatha.M - M.Phil Scholar
Merium Titus. - II.M.Sc AMB
Shanmugapriya.M - II.M.Sc AMB
Aswathy.M.P - II.M.Sc AMB
Subhasini.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Maria Rosa Mystica.S - I.M.Sc AMB
Kangiam Sarabati Devi. - I.M.Sc AMB
Thenmozhli.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Reception, Registration, Badges & Certificate:
Coordinators : Mrs. S.Arul Sheeba Malar
Mrs. A.Malavizhi
Members : Thillainayagi.R - M.Phil Scholar
Rubeni.V - M.Phil Scholar
Saranya.K - II.M.Sc AMB
Drisya Rishikesh. - II.M.Sc AMB
Savitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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Samundeeswari.M - I.M.Sc AMB
Rathika.N - I.M.Sc AMB
Sharmila Parveen.S - I.M.Sc AMB
Saranya.A.S - I.M.Sc AMB
Finance & Sponsorship
Coordinator : Dr. P. Vijayalakshmi
Members : Mekala.C - M.Phil Scholar
Nandhini.K - M.Phil Scholar
Sangeetha.N - M.Phil Scholar
Punitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB
Merium Titus - II.M.Sc AMB
Shiji.K.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Vijitha Rajan. - I.M.Sc AMB
Sulekha Chandran. - I.M.Sc AMB
Shijina P.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Sindhya V.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Seating arrangement / Decoration and Banner
Coordinators : Dr. R. Sengottuvel
Mr. P. Palanivel
Members : Mekala.T - M.Phil Scholar
Thamariselvi.A - M.Phil Scholar
Savitha.T - II.M.Sc AMB
Kavitha.R - II.M.Sc AMB
All I.M.Sc AMB Hostellers.
Food and Hospitality/ Guest reception & Transport
Coordinator : Mr.K.Moorthy
Mr.P.Palanivel
Members : Sathya.V.M - M.Phil Scholar
Kalpana.M - M.Phil Scholar
Vinodhini - II.M.Sc AMB
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Karkuzhali - II.M.Sc AMB
Drishya.T.C.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Navya.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Sathya.T - I.M.Sc AMB
Sengodi.R - I.M.Sc AMB
Suganya.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Audio/Video /Press and Cultural
Coordinator : Mrs. A. Malarvizhi
Members : Thenmozhi.S - M.Phil Scholar
Dhivya V.Menon - M.Phil Scholar
Radha.R - II.M.Sc AMB
Geethu.S - II.M.Sc AMB
Mythili Kalaivani.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Kokila.A - I.M.Sc AMB
Kanimozhi.C - I.M.Sc AMB
Anusuya.B - I.M.Sc AMB
Kasthuri.D - I.M.Sc AMB
Editorial Committee (Souvenior)
Coordinator : Mr. K. Moorthy
All staff members of the Department
Members : Thamaraiselvi.A - M.Phil Scholar
Mekala.T - M.Phil Scholar
Hemalatha.M - M.Phil Scholar
Sivagami.K - II.M.Sc AMB
Anitha.R - II.M.Sc AMB
Kasthuri.D - I.M.Sc AMB
Kavitha.M - I.M.Sc AMB
Latha.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Mohanavalli.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Maheswari.R - I.M.Sc AMB
Academic Session / Conducting
Coordinators : Dr. P. Vijayalakshmi
Mrs. V. Lanvanya
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Members : Suganya.A - M.Phil Scholar
Sangeetha - M.Phil Scholar
Sathya.S - M.Phil Scholar
Thangammal.C - II.M.Sc AMB
Shanmugarpriya.M - II.M.Sc AMB
Drishya.T.C.V - I.M.Sc AMB
Navya.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Aswathy Viswambharan. - I.M.Sc AMB
Premavathi.K - I.M.Sc AMB
Bhuvaneshwari.M - I.M.Sc AMB
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR TOOLS IN THE DETECTION
OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS
Dr. N. THAJUDDIN
Department of Microbiology
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
Email: [email protected]
Blooms of autotrophic algae and some heterotrophic protists are
increasingly frequent in coastal waters around the world and are
collectively grouped as harmful algal blooms (HABs). Proliferations of
microalgae in marine or brackish waters can cause massive fish kills,
contaminate seafood with toxins, and alter ecosystems in ways that humans
perceive as harmful. A broad classification of HABs distinguishes two
groups of organisms: the toxin producers, which can contaminate seafood
or kill fish, and the high-biomass producers, which can cause anoxia and
indiscriminate kills of marine life after reaching dense concentrations.
Some HABs have characteristics of both. Particularly in the tropics people
are often harassed by diseases and syndromes due to consumption of
seafood contaminated by algal toxins. Five human syndromes are presently
recognized to be caused by consumption of contaminated seafood:
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP),
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoniing
(NSP) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Other threats to human
health are posed by Cyanobacterial toxins in drinking water which may
cause severe damage or tumor promoters.
In the last two decades major challenges have occurred in how
microbiologists efficiently detect HABs. As the intensity and frequency of
HABs continue to rise, new methods of detection are needed for reliable
identification. Several methods are being used to detect HABs including
satellite ocean color sensing (SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS),
photosynthetic pigment analysis and toxin analysis. Limitations associated
with traditional culture based methods have pushed for the development of
culture-independent molecular techniques. Among the various molecular
tools, DNA-based methods such as PCR based finger printing methods,
blotting and hybridization techniques are fast, very specific and provide a
sensitive tool for the detection of HABs. The determination of 16Sr RNA /
18S rRNA sequences is widely used because these sequences are
universally present in living organisms and this molecule is composed the
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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regions of higher and lower evolutionary conservation and more variable
regions that have been used in differentiation of genera and species. In
addition, other PCR based methods namely Randomly Amplified
Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Short Tamdemly Repeated Repetitive
Sequences (STRR), REP-PCR fingerprinting, M13 PCR technique etc. may
be used in all taxonomic levels. The PCR-based RAPD fingerprinting
technique of utilizing arbitrary oligonucleotides to prime DNA synthesis at
low annealing temperatures to divulge genomic diversity is a particularly
powerful typing method. Unlike the traditional PCR analysis, which
requires specific knowledge of sequences, RAPD does not require any
specific knowledge of the DNA sequences of the target organism. Direct
environmental samples subjected to blotting and hybridization techniques
using specific probes are also used in the rapid detection of HABs and
associated microbes.
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APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR TOOLS IN THE FIELD OF
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Dr.K. NATARAJASEENIVASAN Medical Microbiology Laboratory
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, India
Email: [email protected]
Since the conception of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983
by Dr Kary Mullis (and others from the Cetus Corporation) and the
subsequent publication in Science in 1985, this technique has been utilised
in many forms in order to produce virtually unlimited copies of genetic
material in the laboratory. Amplification of as little as a single strand of
DNA target sequence enables PCR to detect extremely low concentrations
of nucleic acid. This technology has reduced the reliance of the clinical
microbiology laboratory on culture-based methods and created new
opportunities for the clinical laboratory to more efficient diagnosis. There
are number of molecular tools avail based on basic PCR technique such as
Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), Real time PCR, RAPD and RFLP.
Reverse transcriptase PCR is used for the exponential amplification of very
low copy number of RNA molecules from the clinical samples. RT-PCR is
mainly used in studying the genomes of viruses whose genomes are
composed of RNA, such as Influenzavirus A and retroviruses like HIV.
RT-PCR is the preferred technique used to detect and quantify mRNA. RT-
PCR may also be used in cloning, constructing a cDNA library, amplifying
signal during in situ hybridizations, and synthesizing probes. Real-time
PCR has revolutionized the way Medical microbiology
laboratories
diagnose many human microbial infections. This
testing method is
combined form of PCR with fluorescent probe detection of amplified
product in the same reaction vessel. Since amplification and detection steps
are performed in the same closed vessel, the risk of releasing amplified
nucleic acids into the environment is negligible. The combination of
excellent sensitivity and specificity, low contamination risk, and speed has
made real-time PCR technology an appealing alternative to culture or
immunoassay-based testing
methods for diagnosing many infectious
diseases. Microarrays or DNA chips were designed to monitor the
expression of many genes in parallel, providing essentially more
information than Northern blots or reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction analyzing one or few genes at a time. Microarrays have been
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hailed as the ultimate experimental tool for research, drug discovery and
diagnostics. They have the potential to perform a huge number of
molecular tests simultaneously and to produce a more information from a
single clinical sample. Bioinformatics, the application of computers in
biological sciences and especially analysis of biological sequence data, is
becoming an essential tool in molecular biology as genome projects
generate vast quantities of data. The ultimate goal of this field is to enable
the discovery of new biological insights as well as to create a global
perspective from which unifying principles in biology can be discerned.
Initial interest in Bioinformatics was propelled by the necessity to create
databases of biological sequences. The first database was created within a
short period after the Insulin protein sequence was made available in 1956.
It is now possible, through computer algorithm based bioinformatics
procedures, to identify and structurally modify a natural product, to design
a drug with the desired properties and to assess its therapeutic effects,
theoretically. Thus the Molecular and Bioinformatics tools are very helpful
for easy diagnosis and ideal treatment for threatening diseases.
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MOLECULAR VIROLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
S MAHALINGAM Associate professor
Room No. BT 403
Tel: 91-44-2257-4130
Molecular pathogenesis of HIV
In a factory, someone has to stand on the loading dock, checking the
goods going out. By recognizing labels like bar codes on each shipment,
the loading dock supervisor makes sure that the products get where they are
supposed to go. A cell is like a factory: one of its most important jobs is to
produce proteins, like transcription factors and nuclear transport receptors.
But in cellular factories, the sorting task is complicated by the fact that
proteins are used by the cell itself as well as delivered to outside
"customers". Scientists are succeeding at deciphering the cell's complex
bar-coding system. But, surprisingly, they have never managed to get at the
loading dock itself to see how HIV PICs are actually shipped to their
destinations.
Regulation of HIV-1 infectivity and pathogenesis of AIDS remain
central interests of the laboratory. Unlike the typical animal-
oncoretroviruses, lentiviruses such as HIV have the ability to infect and
replicate within non-cycling cells. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the viral
genome is vital for the replication and assembly of many viruses. Nuclear
transport of Human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) genome, for instance, is
critical for productive infection in non-dividing cells such as human
macrophages. Our understanding on the nuclear import of HIV
preintegration complexes into the nucleus of non-dividing cells remains
rudimentary, and identification of cellular protein(s) which interact with
viral PICs is eagerly awaited and will reveal cellular system that are
important to diverse and basic cellular processes. Our laboratory will focus
on two issues: mechanism of HIV PICs nuclear import, and signals in PICs
that regulate its nuclear import. To achieve this goal we will clone and
characterize the host genes that are involved in this process. We will also
attempt to identify how the host genes interact with viral proteins to bring
about the events of HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, a better understanding
of nuclear transport during viral infection might prove useful for designing
antiviral therapies and for designing delivery vectors for gene therapy,
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which is a rapidly developing and increasingly important area of research
in biomedical sciences.
Regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport proteins
Identification and characterization of protein nuclear transport
pathways
Tumor biology
a. Understanding the cross talk between tumor suppressors and
activators of cell proliferation
b. Understanding the role nucleolar proteins in cell proliferation and
tumor development.
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“SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY- TRENDS”
Dr. S. AKILA, B. Sc, (Ag), MBA, and PhD.
No 15/20 Zenith Flats,
Brindhavan Street
Mylapore
Chennai 600004
Cell No: 044 -9840344990
E-mail: [email protected]
The 21st century is widely heralded as the century of biology.
Building on the fundamental understanding achieved in the second half of
the last century, revolutionary advances are expected to improve many
aspects of our lives, from clean energy and targeted, safer medicines to new
industries. Prominent among emerging technologies is “synthetic
biology,” which aims to apply standardized engineering techniques to
biology and thereby create organisms or biological systems with novel or
specialized functions to address countless needs.
The idea of managing or manipulating biology to identify or develop
specific characteristics is not new. Scientists have used DNA to create
genetically engineered cells and organisms for many years; the entire
biotechnology industry has grown around our expanding abilities in this
area. The shelves of grocery stores across the United States are stocked
with genetically engineered foods. Medical testing for genetically linked
diseases is widely used by people across society.
By contrast, the idea of assembling living organisms wholesale from
non- living parts has intrigued human imagination for centuries with no
success outside of fiction. For some, that possibility came one step closer
last May with the announcement that scientists at the J. Craig Venter
Institute had created the world‟s first self-replicating synthetic (human-
made from chemical parts) genome in a bacterial cell of a different species.
Intense media coverage followed, and the announcement ricocheted across
the globe within hours as proponents and critics made striking claims about
potential risks and benefits of this discovery and whether it amounted to an
early-stage example of “creating life.”
Research in synthetic biology may lead to new products for clean
energy, pollution control, and more affordable agricultural products,
vaccines, and other medicines. My Lecture will revolve around the key
aspects of these transformations; highlighting current research in the
synthetic biology and what future impacts these fronts may have on
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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mankind over time. There are Do it yourself communities, garage labs and
IGEM wherein EVEN HIGH SCHOOL Students are working and
synthesizing life and it is high time our students get an exposure to the
information on these lines. This lecture may help any student from
undergraduate level onwards.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Prof. P.T.KALAICHELVAN
DEAN STUDENTS
CAS in Botany
University of Madras
Guindy Campus
Chennai – 600 025
Phone – 9381033198
E-mail: [email protected]
Nanotechnology is the study of how materials behave when their
dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale. Nanobiotechnology and
bionanomaterials have been receiving considerable attention as a result of
their unique physical and chemical properties and their important
applications in optics, electronics, biomedicine, magnetics, mechanics,
catalysis, energy science etc.
In recent years nanobiotechnology has developed greatly designing
elements for diagnosis and therapy in the biomedical area. The large
amount of information generated creates a challenge to those that need to
manage it, this is to organize, standardize, store, compare, analyse and
visualise all the information to extract useful and applicable conclusions.
Smart delivery of nutrients, bio sensing, drug encapsulation and delivery,
molecular machines and devices, bioseparation of proteins, rapid sampling
of biological and chemical contaminants and nanoencapsulation of
nutraceuticals are some of the emerging topics of nanotechnology.
Advances in technologies, such as DNA microarrays,
microelectromechanical systems and microfluidics, will enable the
realization of the potential of nanotechnology for various applications.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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Oral -1
Production of Xylanase enzymes from paper mill effluent of
Trichoderma spp.
C. Sundari and P. Murugasundari
Dept. of Biochemistry,
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for women,
Perambalur.
In the present study five Trichoderma sp. were isolated from paper
mill effluent collected from Karur, TNPL. Among the five isolates of
Trichoderma sp. T3 isolate were found to be an efficient isolate for
xylanase production using screening media. Enzyme was produced using
on different agricultural wastes such as sugarcane baggasse, rice bran and
banana fibre. The growth of the organism on different substrates was
optimized, by varying the pH (5-9) of the medium and at different
temperature at (30°C, 37°C, 45°C) of the medium using solid state
fermentation for a period of 10 days. The supernatant (crude enzyme
extract) was collected and the xylanase activity was assayed by using DNS
method. The amount of xylanase present in the different samples were
estimated using standard curve of xylose (1mg/ml). The precipitated
samples were used for the SDS PAGE to determine the molecular weight
of the proteins by using standard marker. In this study, the maximum
xylanase activity was observed in banana fibre at pH 5 and temperature
28°C which was found to be optimum for xylanase production. The use of
agro-wastes in the production of such enzymes as xylanases will ultimately
bring down their production cost and at the same time reduce
environmental pollution due to the wastes.
Oral - 2
Production of lipase from oil mill waste isolates of Bacillus subtilis
S. Sathya*, B. Pragatheswari*, P. Murugasundari*.
*Dept. of Biochemistry,
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for women,
Perambalur.
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In this study, the lipolytic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the oil
mill waste by enrichment techniques. The isolated colonies were screened
on Olive oil medium, colonies which produce the maximum zone of the
particular organisms was used for further optimization studies. Among the
5 Bacillus substilis isolates, a single isolates was the subjected to
submerged fermentation medium and the enzyme characteristics were
studied with respect to substrate, temperature and pH. The production of
lipase was significantly influenced by carbon sources such as Olive oil,
Castor oil, Gingelly oil, Palm oil, and Sunflower oil at different
temperature range. The maximum lipase activity was reached by the
Bacillus at 37°C and pH 7 where its production reached upto 0.01033 and
0.01066 µg/ml/min. Among the different substrate the maximum activity
was observed in Gingelly oil (0.01066 µg/ml/min) at pH 7 and temperature
37°C. Degradation of oil wastage by the crude enzyme extract and bacterial
suspension were compared. The crude enzyme extract liberate more free
fatty acid (10.9564 %) compared to Bacillus isolates (8.4240%). From the
study it was concluded that the commercially important enzyme can be
produced by submerged fermentation techniques using frequently available
edible oil sources it can be used for the biodegradation of oil effluents.
Oral - 3
Strategies for attenuation of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Priyadharshini. A*,
*M.Sc., Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University,
Thiruchirappalli-24
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication process mediated
by small compounds called autoinducers (N-acyl homoserine lactones) in
many pathogenic bacteria through which they regulate virulence gene
expression and bioflim formation. Hence interfering and attenuating the QS
circuit could be a valuable antipathogenic strategy. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa a gram negative, opportunistic pathogen causes the common
urinary tract infection in humans by forming bioflim. The colonization
event in bioflim formation is mediated by QS. The developed bioflim is
highly resistant to antibiotics and makes the treatment process harder.
Onward, by attenuating the QS system the bioflim formation could be
arrested.
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This quenching can be executed at three major regulatory steps in the
QS, i) at signal precursors ii) on signal molecules iii) through saturating
signal receptors. Action on signal molecules - This can be done by either
using enzymes that degrade the signal molecules like lactonases, acylases
or antibodies that quench the signal molecules. Action on signal receptors
– this can be done by using signal analogues that binds to the signal
receptors. Through this anti-quorum sensing means we could able to
curtail the antibiotic resistant bacteria, we could also arrest the formation of
resistant mutants to the current multispectral antibiotics, quorum sensing
attenuation would not leave natural selection to play.
Oral -4
Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in soil and water sample by PCR
targeting RLEP sequence – A diagnostic approach.
Dr.Kiran katoch*, M.Murali Kannan** and M.Sathish**
*National Jalma Institute of Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases
(ICMR), Agra. **Bharathidasan university, Tiruchirappalli-24
Leprosy is also known as Hansen‟s disease, after Gerhard Armauer
Hansen, the Norwegian scientist who first observed the Bacillus under a
microscope in 1873, and identified it as the cause of leprosy. This disease
principally affects nerves and skin, with other organs of the body being
affected only in late stages. Germs may be spread through coughing and
sneezing. Many patients develop deformities due to nerve damage, as the
disease runs its course. Here in this work we are concentrated in the
detection of M.leprae in soil and water samples so as to diagnosis that
leprosy is also transmitted through Soil and water samples too. In this
present study soil and water samples were collected from the endemic areas
of Kanpur called as Gatampur. From the collected samples, the DNA
isolated directly from the soil and water samples by standardizing a
protocol. Using RLEP as a primer, detected the presence of M.leprae in the
isolated DNA samples from the environmental samples like soil and water
samples. So it has been concluded that leprosy is transmitted through soil
and water also.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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Oral -5
Rubella virus: Strategies favourable for replication and production of
viral progeny
M.Varunseelan,R.Roobini, P. Janani
Bharathidasan University, Trichy.
Viruses have evolved a number of different mechanisms to create a
favourable environment for their replication. Two strategies that are
explored by rubella virus were discovered recently. On the one hand,
rubella virus is not only able to confer resistance to infection by a
heterologous virus but also to infection by a homologous virus. The
exclusion of these super infecting viruses would prevent a competition
between rubella viruses and the super infecting virus for cellular resources.
On the other hand, rubella viruses have evolved a process of cell-cell
movement of viral RNA. The intercellular movement of a viral RNA
allows for the development of clusters of infected cells resulting in an
increase in the number of infected cells. These two strategies, the exclusion
of super infecting viruses and the intercellular movement of viral RNA,
allow for an effective replication cycle and a high production of rubella
virus progeny.
Oral - 6
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Specific Influenza H5n1
Diagnostic
C.Arulvignesh, R.Monisha and P.Priyamvadha Bharathidasan University, Trichy.
The haemagglutinin H5 is a specific marker for the highly pathogenic
avian virus H5N1. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved
region of the H5 protein and not cross-reaction with other haemagglutinin
subtypes are a prerequisite for the development of a sensitive diagnostic
test. The peptides used as immunogens have to fulfill the following
requirements: (a) high degree of conservation among the same influenza
virus subtype (i.e. H5), (b) predicted high immunogenicity according to
appropriate algorithm, (c) significant amino acid differences to other HA
subtypes, e.g. H1 and H3. by protein alignments three regions located in
the chainHA1 of the H5 protein were identified to meet these requirements.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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One of them comprises amino acid residues 43 to 83, which corresponds to
the tentative analogue of neutralizing epitope site E of H3. For expression
of recombinant protein, an appropriate expression cassette was detected
within yeast cell performing an immunofluorescence assay, and it was
further purified from the cell free supernatants using a nickel chelate resin.
The preliminary analysis of immune reactivity in mouse serum showed that
the peptide induced antibodies to interact with the full length H5 protein
expressed in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. Using commercially
available test systems for detection of H3N1 and H1N1 infections cross
reactivity of the induced antibodies was not observed.
Oral - 7
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from agricultural
fertile soil
Nithya priya. M1, Praba. M
1, Sekar. P
2 and Ayyasamy.P.M
1.
1Dept. of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem .
2Dept. of Zoology, Government Arts and Science College, Salem .
Around 12 bacterial strains were isolated from fertile soils of
agricultural and non agricultural land. From this strain, Bacillus
thuringiensis found to be maximum. Among the strains, 4 strains showed
100 % mortality. The mortality of the remaining strains showed only
between 60 to 90%. The organism B. thuringiensis was also tested for the
production of insecticides. This organism having a potential ability to
produce insecticidal protein, which was attributed to the presence of the
endotoxin. These proteins are highly toxic to insects and are major role in
the activity. In highest mortality of crystal proteins are examined by SDS
PAGE. In this we got polypeptide bonds between 42 to 79 KDA. The
strong multiple bands were shown at 60 to 65 KDA.
Oral - 9
Isolation, Characterisation and Antibiogram of Candida species
isolated from urine
Susikala, M.,* Lali Growther* and N.Hemalatha*
*Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,
Salem - 636 011
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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Candidemia is caused predominantly by Candida albicans. The
mortality rate associated with candidemia is high, but it varies with the
species of Candida and is lower in children than in adults. The objective of
this investigation was to check the incidence of Candida from urine. In this
work, urine of 100 patients were collected to determine the incidence of
candidemia. In this study, yeast was collected from the urine of 10 out of
100 patients. The biochemical characteristics, enzyme assay, antimicrobial
activity for various antibiotics, spice extracts were carried out. From highly
resistant species plasmids were also identified.
Oral - 10
Use of RAPD analysis for characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing
Fungi
Pushpa.V*, Jayanthi.P*, Renukumari.S**, Mekala.M**
and Jegadeeshkumar.D***.
*KSR College of Arts and Science, Autonomous, Tiruchengode
** Sri Ramakrishna college of Arts and Science for women, Coimbatore,
***Chromopark Research Centre.
Totally twenty strains of phosphate-solubilizing fungus Aspergillus
niger (13) and Aspergillus flavus (7) isolated from the rhizosphere soil in
different area of Namakkal district. These were subjected to phenotypic and
genotypic characterization. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of each
strain was first evaluated using tricalcium phosphate as the phosphorus
source in the pikovskaya‟s culture medium. Phosphate solubilizing capacity
was also evaluated by changing pH and Temperature. In result, among the
3 types of pH 7.2 were exhibited highest activity and Temperature was
30ºC but same time pH 9 was exhibited higher activity in A.niger.
Furthermore PSF isolates were tested to antagonistic activity against soil
isolates of fungi and bacteria. Among the 20 isolates, 25% of PSF isolates
was active against bacteria but same time 20% isolates against fungi.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to evaluate the
genetic diversity. From the data matrix obtained, a dendrogram was built
using the UPGMA method. The analysis of RAPD patterns as well as the
dendrogram exhibited a large genetic diversity among the 20 PSF
analyzed.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
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Oral -11
Screening of HPV infection among college women with normal
cervical cytology
Selvi.S, Moorthy.K, and Arvind Prasanth.D
Department of Microbiology,
Periyar University, Salem-636 011.
Department of Microbiology,
Vivekanandha Colleges of Arts and Sciences for womem,
Tiruchengode.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death
among women in developing countries like India. The major risk factor for
cervical cancer Includes infection with the human papilloma virus, a
common sexually transmitted Infection (STI). PCR based methods are used
to detect wide range of HPV types and PCR amplipication has provided
sensitive and specific assays for a broad spectrum of HPV DNAs. In the
present study urine samples collected from 104 college students were
screened for HPV infections by using specific primers for E6(oncoprotein)
and high risk HPV type 16 to amplify the sample DNA. Among 104
subjects tested, 4 students (3.9%) showed positive result for low risk HPV
types and remaining were negative for both high risk type 16. The results
of the study indicate that genital HPV infection in college women seems to
be rare although the incidence of HPV infection continues to be a major
health problem in young women. Although HPV infection Positive cases
were very low. Awareness of HPV among college women regarding better
hygiene, prevention strategies, and HPV education is needed in India,
particularly among young women.
Oral -12
Intracellular antibodies for HIV-1 gene therapy
J.Susansunilraj , P.S.Maheshkumar
Department of Microbiology,
Indo-American College, Cheyyar-07
Two approaches to gene therapy of HIV infection have been
proposed: genetic modification of differentiated peripheral blood
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
26
mononuclear cells ex-vivo, and gene transfer into hematopoietic stem or
progenitor cells ex-vivo. An important element in either strategy is the
development of specific target blocking moieties that inhibit viral
replication. Synthesized single-chain antibodies targeted to particular
intracellular compartments can inhibit replication at various stages of the
viral life cycle. As a simple and effective new method, intracellular
antibodies are likely to have widespread impact on biological research and
as potential therapeutic agents.
Oral -13
The potential application of keratinase from Bacillus spp. As a laundry
detergent, and feed additive.
Nandhini.R & Vidhya.K,
Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women,
Namakkal.
Keratinolytic Bacillus spp. AJ4 and Bacillus spp. AJ9 isolated from
feather dumped soil produced keratinase of 82 U/ml(specific activity of
37.3 U/mg) and 78 U/ml (specific activity of 34.2 U/mg), respectively at
pH 7 and 10. keratinase of Bacillus spp. AJ4 exhibited increased
stability(82-94% and ~50%) in Triton X-100 and hydrogen peroxide.
Bacillus spp. AJ9 keratinase was 100% stable in SDS. The keratinases were
compatible with commercial detergents retained stability of 50-84% in
Rin® and Tide
®. With keratinase supplemented detergent solution blood
and egg yolk stain were completely removed in 1 hour. Addition of
keratinase to chick feed increased body weight (44.4g) and feed conversion
ratio (2.02).The rice seeds treated with feather hydrolysate showed 30%
increased vigour index. Significant stability towards detergents, improved
feed conversion ratio confirms the suitability of keratinase from Bacillus
sp. AJ4 and AJ9 for multitude industrial applications.
Oral -14
Impact of process parameters on alkaline protease production by
Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation.
Hannah Jacinth & Jayanthi.M,
Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women, Namakkal.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
27
A thermophilic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from soil sample
collected at Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolated strain produced
maximum alkaline protease after 72 hours of incubation at 50 degree C
with an optimum pH of 11.The best carbon sources were, rice bran and
lactose, while in case of nitrogen sources, Casein and ammonium nitrate
showed maximum enzyme activity. Among the amino-acids tested, L-
cysteine and L-histidine showed maximum enzyme yields. Trace elements,
inhibitors and surfactants inhibited alkaline protease production. Under
optimized condition Bacillus subtilis produced 1.32 units of alkaline
protease per ml of culture broth and it had a prominent effect in removing
the blood stains.
Oral -15
Anti diabetic activity by the in-vitro alpha amylase and alpha-
glucosidase inhibitory activity of Catharanthus roseaus.
Sasireka.K & Deepika.V
Vivekanadha College of Engineering for Women. Namakkal.
Catharanthus roseus is a plant extensively known for its anti-
inflammatory potential. In this study the alcoholic extract of flower and
leaf of Catharanthus roseus was tested for its α-amylase and α-glucosidase
inhibitory activity to understand its anti-diabetic potential. Varying
concentration of the extracts of leaf and flower were assayed for their
inhibitory action [in-vitro] on Serum amylase, pancreatic amylase, α-
amylase from fermented barley and α-glucosidase. Both extracts of the leaf
and flower were found to inhibit the enzymes considerably. The leaf extract
showed maximum inhibitory action with the concentration of 10mg/ml [IC
50]. IC 50 for the flower extract was found to be at a concentration of
12.5mg/ml. Further the anti-oxidant property of the herb was also evaluated
by its activity to inhibit lipid per oxidation. Catharanthus roseus extract of
leaf and flower exhibit their anti-diabetic effect by inhibiting the enzymes
which has a main role in carbohydrate metabolism like α-amylase and α-
glucosidase.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
28
Oral -16
Plasmid profile and characterization of heavy metal resistant
pseudomonas aeruginosa
1R. Punitha,
1V. Lavanya,
2 D. Jegadeeshkumar
1Vivekanandha College of Arts and sciences for women,
Tiruchengode,
2 Chromopark research centre, Namakkal
The pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is
spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress.
Microorganisms and microbial products can highly efficient
bioaccumulators of soluble and particulate forms of metals especially dilute
external solutions. Totally 15 soil samples were collected and subjected to
isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It resulted showed 10 isolates were
obtained by selective media and biochemical test. These isolates were
subjected into heavy metal and antibiotic stability test. Totally 8 isolates
were resistance to multi heavy metals. In our current results multi metal
resistance isolates were exhibited high resistance towards a group of
antibiotics. The heavy metal resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used
to exploit for clean up industrial wastewater and bioremediation of heavy
metal contaminated soil.
Oral -17
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Muntingia calabura and
molecular characterization by RAPD
R. Pradeepa1, D. Jegadeeshkumar
2
1Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy,
2 Chromopark research Centre,
Namakkal.
The medicinal plant of Muntingia calabura was selected as
the plant for the present study. Five different place of Muntingia calabura
plants were collected from Thuraiyur, Trichy, Namakkal, Thiruchencode
and Erode. In this current study we evaluate the Antioxidant, Antibacterial,
and Antifungal activity against wound isolates, carried by using the
methanolic extract of plant leaves, with agar difussion method. The
antioxidant potential of the 99% methanolic extact of leaves of Muntingia
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
29
calabura was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydral (DPPH)
scavenging assay. The results showed strong reducing power and the DPPH
scavenging activity of methanolic extract of leaves in a dose dependent
manner with the Ic50 value of 24µg/ml present in the Namakkal plant.
Thuraiyur plant had highest sensitive against bacteria as E.coli.
Thiruchencode plant had sensitive against fungal as Candida albicans. In
that time, some variation occurs in these plants. So the present investigation
deals with identifying the diversity of Muntingia calabura. After those
plants‟s DNA were isolated and identified the diversity by using RAPD
Analysis. The end of the RAPD Analysis, we got hetrogenicity present in
those plants.
Oral -18
Determination of keratin degradation by fungi
K. Sathya*, P.Palanivel*, K.Moorthy* & Boobathy.S**
*Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu.
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy.
The aim of this study was to characterize keratinolytic fungi isolated from
feather waste. Two isolates were selected after growth on solid medium
with feather meal as sole carbon and nitrogen source and screened for
proteolytic activity on milk agar plates. Two isolates were Aspergillus
niger and Aspergillus flavus. These fungi grew on diverse keratin wastes
such as feather meal. Keratinase activity was detected during growth, but
the complete degradation of these substrates was not always achieved. The
proteolytic character of crude enzymes was assessed using azokeratin and
azocasein as substrates. The keratinases were active on both substrates and
were similar in keratin hydrolysis when compared with commercially
available microbial peptidases. These novel keratinolytic isolates have
potential biotechnological use in processes involving keratin hydrolysis.
Oral -19
Cellulase enzyme production by Aspergillus Niger
K.Karthika*, V. Lavanya*, K.Moorthy* & K. Sathis Kumar** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
30
Cellulase enzyme production is dependent on several factors such as
incubation time, temperature, pH and nutrients etc. choice of suitable
substrate is a key factor, which determines the productivity. Though most
of the substrates are natural substrates, choosing a natural substrate, which
is effective and efficient for the production of cellulase, would be essential.
In the present work, an attempt has made to identify a good natural
substrate that satisfies the above mentioned conditions for the production of
cellulase using Aspergillus niger.
Efficiency of sugarcane mollases, palm karnel and combination of
substrate (50% + 50%) for usage as substrate in cellulase
production has been examined. A methodology for the production
of cellulase has been done.
The process involves maintenance of culture, screening of isolate,
solid state fermentation, optimization, crude enzyme extraction
and partial purification of the enzyme by ammonium fractionation,
dialysis, silica-gel column chromatography.
The results obtained from these processes have been carefully
examined. Results based on the production of cellulase suggest
that combination of substrate (50% + 50%) has been a better
substrate compared to single substrate.
Cellulase produced extracellularly by the fungal strain Aspergillus
niger in solid state fermentation was purified by ammonium
sulphate fractionation followed by dialysis and column
chromatography.
Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 7.Cellulase activity was
maximal at Sugarcane mollases and combination of substrate
(50%+50%) with an activity of 0.6 u/gm.
Enzyme activity was maximal after 72 hrs of incubation time, with
an activity of 9.4 u/gm in combination of substrate (50%+50%).
Addition of carbon supplements like glucose enhances the
cellulase activity of 62 u/gm and addition of supplements like malt
extract enhances the cellulase activity, an activity of 34 u/gm.
Oral -20
Crude oil degradation by microorganisms
V.Valarmathi*,S.Arul Sheeba Malar*, K.Moorthy* &
S.Boobathy**
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
31
*Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy
For the present study the water samples were collected from oil
contaminated sites at Cuddalore coastal area, India. Water samples were
used to analyze total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, BOD, COD, pH, temperature
and moisture. From the water sample there are four dominant bacterial
strains were isolated, viz, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Micrococcus sp.
The isolates were checked for the extent of crude oil degradation, all the
isolates gave maximum degradation. The degradation was higher in case of
broth as compared to minimal media. Among the three isolated bacterial
strains Pseudomonas showed higher degradation than other two isolates. A
detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon extract was performed by HPLC.
Oral -21
Lignolytic enzyme production by polyporaceae
T.Abinayashri*, M.Ponraj*, K.Moorthy* & S.Boobathy** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy .
Solid state fermentation of sugarcane molasses with Antrodiella sp.
proved very efficient as lignin content bed from about 7% to about 4 to 5 %
respectively. Microporus affinis through not efficient as Antrodiella spp.
also showed lignin breakdown capacities by about 2 – 3%. Microporus
xanthopus failed to record, any major ability to breakdown lignin and
hence would not be very important on the context of solid state
fermentation of lignocellulosic. These findings were replaced in the
lignolytic enzyme activities of these 3 fungi. Immobilization of Antrodiella
sp., Microporus xanthopus and Microporus affinis up to 24 days recorded a
linear in the activities of lignin peroxidase Mn peroxidase of laccase clearly
elucidating the importance of these enzymes for production of these
lignolytic enzyme. Production of fungal mycelia into the polyurethane
foam was observed under the microscope as well.
Oral -22
Pectolytic enzyme production by bacillus polymyxa
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
32
T. Nithya*, B.T. Sureshkumar*, K. Moorthy* & S. Boobathy** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy
The present study deals with optimization of pectinesterase (PE)
production in submerged fermentation by Bacillus polymyxa. A Central
Composite Experimental Design was applied,consisting of 22 experiments,
including eight central points. Variables studied were: fermentation time
(24 to 120 h), pH (3.5 to 6.5) and initial concentration of pectin (5 to 20
g/l). Maximum PE production was 220 U/l, after 74 h of culture, in a
medium containing 20 g/l of pectin (pH 6.5). The optimal conditions for
PG production were pH:4.1, 20 g/l of pectin and 94 h of fermentation with
a maximum value of 1032 U/l. Under these conditions, the PE production
was low (15 U/l). A liquid extract with high PG activity and low PE
activity could be suitable to be used in food processing in order to reduce
the production of methanol.
Oral -23
Xylanase enzyme production by Aspergillus Terres
P.Deepa*, S.Arul Sheeba malar*, K. Moorthy* & K.Sathis Kumar** *Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women, Thiruchengodu
**Easma Institute of Technology, Aravakurihcy
A xylanase producing fungi has been isolated from soil and identified
as Aspergillus terreus . Maximum growth of the organism was found at 48
h under submerged condition in xylan containing enriched medium,
whereas highest enzyme production (3.75U/mL) was recorded at 72 h. No
detectable cellulase activity was noted during whole cultivation period. The
partially purified enzyme hydrolyzed xylan into xylopentose and xylose.
All these properties of xylanase highlighten its promising uses in industrial
scale.
Oral -24
Efficacy of germicides and acceptability of residual disinfecting
activity in swimming pool water
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
33
Jenifer.W* R.Sengottuvel* and E.S.Karthy**
* Department of Microbiology,
Vivekananda College of arts and sciences for women, Tiruchengode.
** AWE CARE, Analytical & Research Laboratories, Postal Nagar,
Erode – 638011.
A survey of five swimming pools has been conducted to assess the
effectiveness of disinfection practices against various microorganisms and
to check compailance with recommended chlorine levels and pH. Although
a free chlorine residual of 1mg/ L and a pH range of 7-7.6 are ecommended
by local authorities. Out of five, one pool had a lower free chlorine
residual, but all the other pool samples had higher amount of chlorine
residual. The pH obtained from all the pools range from 7-7.3.
Microbiological analysis was performed for all the samples by performing
total bacterial count, coliforms and E.coli detection test. Chlorine is an
excellent oxidizing chemical and an efficient disinfectant. However
chlorine reacts with nitrogen based compounds to form chloramines which
are very poor disinfectants. As an alternative oxidation chemicals where
being sought, ozone became one of the obvious options. Ozone is very
effective at both oxidation and sanitation and is useful for reducing
production of some Disinfection by Products (DBPs). Ozone is far more
effective oxidant and disinfectant than either chlorine or hydrogen
peroxide. Its application and use in commercial swimming pools is
therefore obvious. Ozone primarily reverts back to oxygen and is therefore
considered to be clean or environmental friendly oxidant.
Oral -25
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as a biofertilizer
A.Thangamani ,*T.Sathishkumar*,
* Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai Village, Tiruchengode
PGPR colonize plant root and exert beneficial effect on plant growth
and development by a wide variety of mechanisms. To be an effective
PGPR, bacteria must be able to colonize roots because bacteria need to
establish itself in the rhizosphere to produce the benefical effect.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
34
IAA a member of the group of phytohormones is generally consider
to be the most important signal molecule in the regulation of plant
development of three isolates,one isolates are positive for IAA production.
Among them one isolates PGPR are found to be good producers of IAA.
Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients,second only to nitrogen in
requirements for plants.
Most of the phosphorus in soil is present in the form of insoluble
phosphirus and cannot be utilized by the plant. The ability of bacteria to
solublized mineral phosphates has been of interest to agricultural
microbiologists as it can be enhance the availability of phosphorus and iron
for plant growth. PGPR have been shown to solubilise precipitated
phosphates and enhance phosphate availability to green gram that represent
a possible mechanism of plant growth promotion under field
condition.
The effectiveness of PGPR isolate whether they could increase the
seed germination rate as well as growth of seedling. Most of isolate
significantly increased plant height, root length; and dry matter production
of shoot and root of green gram seedling. Seed germination was also
increased when seeds were pre treated with PGPR isolates.
Often isolate, 3 isolates PGPR 1 PGPR II PGPR III, showed better
performance in aspects of seed germination and growth of seedling with
IAA production in addition of increment of seed germination and growth of
seedlings by isolate PGPR 1, it was positive for both phosphorus
solubilization and IAA production. These results suggests that the
increased growth of green gram seedlings by application of PGPR is due to
induction of IAA production and phosphorus solubilization.
Results suggests that PGPR are able to include the production
of IAA, solubilization of phosphorus, and resistance to pathogen and pests,
thereby improving the growth of plants. The use of PGPR as inoculants
biofertilizers is an efficient approach to replace chemical fertilizers and
pesticides for sustainable crop cultivation.
Oral -26
Metagenomics
R.Rekha*, T.Sathishkumar*,
*Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai Village, Tiruchengode
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
35
Metagenomics is the study of the genomes of a whole microbial
community, which several advantages over single bacterial genomic
studies. Microorganisms generally live in symbiotic relationships, and thus
metagenomics studies focuses on the genome sequencing of symbiotic
microbes instead of a single microbial species. Thus, it does not require the
isolation or lab cultivation of individual microbial species.
Currently there are two main sequencing strategies used in
metagenomics : 16S Rrna sequence analysis using Sanger sequencing
technology and metagenomics or metatranscriptomics analysis using NGS
technology. The former method allows a general taxonomic classification,
it cannot fully characterize the diversity of gene function within the
samples. The latter method allows additional research at the nucleotide
level, such as species clustering analysis, gene function analysis, and
association studies.
Oral -27
Antibacterial activity of Albizia julibrissin
Rajalakshmi .P.V* and Sasikala. P*.
*Department of Biochemistry,
Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
Albizia julibrissin was screened for potential antibacterial activity.
The methanolic solvent was used for evaluating antibacterial activity.
Antibacterial activity was test against four bacterial strains, such as,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa by agar well diffusion method in various concentration. The
methanolic extract of Albizia julibrissin reported high zone of inhibition
(38mm) at a concentration of 200µl against Escherichia coli. At
200µl concentration it showed minimum zone of inhibition (20mm) against
Salmonella typhi. It may be due to the presence of Quercetin in Albizia
julibrissin plant.
Oral -28
Antimicrobial activity of Albizia lebbeck
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
36
Rajalakshmi.P.V* and Gomathi.P*
*Department of Biochemistry,
Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
The antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck
was studied a four different pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli ,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by
agar well diffusion method in various concentration 100µl, 150µl, 200µl,
250µl.The successive methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves were
found inhibitory effect against those bacteria . The extract shows maximum
zone of inhibition (38mm) at a concentration of 250µl against Salmonella
typhi and minimum zone of inhibition (24mm) at a concentration of 250µl
against Escherichia coli . It may be due to the presence of Quercetin in the
Albizia lebbeck plant.
Oral -29
Antifungal combinations against Candida Albicans Biofilms in Vitro
Kalpana.M * and Vijayalakhsmi.P*.
*Department of Microbiology,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women.
Tiruchengode.
The pathogenesis of both superficial and systemic candidiasis is
closely dictated by properties of the yeast biofilms. Candida biofilms can
also develop on surfaces of prosthesis and medical devices, and exhibit
resistance to both antifungal and host defences. Candida albicans remains
the fungal species most commonly associated with biofilm formation and
the increase in Candida infections in the last decades has almost paralleled
increase and widespread use of a broad range medical implant devices,
mainly in populations with impaired host defences. Candida albicans
readily form biofilms, consortia of cells that co-exist as an organized
community, attached to a solid substratum that is enveloped with an
exopolysaccharide matrix, which have gained notoriety from their ability to
resist antimicrobials and immune cell exchange. We have evaluated
the efficacy of combinations of flucanozole (FLC), amphotericin B,
and ketoconozole (KTL) against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
37
Indifference was observed for all the combinations of paired antifungal
agents when a checker board titration method was used. The interactions
observed in the checker board microtiter plate testing combining the
different antifungal agents were confirmed in time-kill curve experiments.
Time-Kill experiments revealed an antagonistic effect of high FLC doses
with KTL.
Oral -30
Biodiversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria, Biochemical Composition
and RFLP Analysis of Phytoconis
R. Thillainayagi*, K. Nashima* and B.T. Suresh kumar**. Department of Microbiology
*Muthayammal college of Arts & Science.
** Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
Algae are one of the most important source to produced high amount
of proteins lipids, vitamins, aminoacids, fattyacids and pigment. It is used
to produce the biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen. In the present study,
algae and cyanobacteria were studied. At first 30 samples were collected
from different paddy fields ecosystem. The different isolates were
morphologically absorbed under the microscope and the size of the isolates
were measured by micrometry. The isolates were purified and mass
multiplication was also carried out using BG11 broth. The phytoconis taken
for further studies. Biochemical characterization such as protein, lipids,
chlorophyll a & b, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, carbohydrates were
performed. The DNA was extracted and RFLP was also performed. The
result showed that, the Phytoconis was fast growing which has high
pigments and also with more lipids and proteins.
Oral -31
Biological Control of Post Harvested Pathogen Controlled by Bacillus
spp.
A .Suganya *and A. Noortheen*
*Department of Microbiology
Vivekananda college of Arts & Science for Women,
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
38
Tiruchengode.
Plant diseases need to be controlled to maintain the quality and
abundance of food, feed, and fiber produced by growers around the world.
Different approaches may be used to prevent, mitigate or control plant
diseases. Beyond good agronomic and horticultural practices, growers
often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Such inputs to
agriculture have contributed significantly to the spectacular improvements
in crop productivity and quality over the past 100 years. However, the
environmental pollution caused by excessive use and misuse of
agrochemicals, as well as fear-mongering by some opponents of pesticides,
has led to considerable changes in people‟s attitudes towards the use of
pesticides in agriculture.
The present studies included the following, isolation and
characterization of B. subtilis isolates. Antifungal activity of B. subtilis
against postharvest pathogens of papaya. Seven isolates of B. subtilis were
isolated from the rhizosphere of papaya plants in Namakkal District viz.,
Karavalli, Kollikills and Namakkal. This Isolates were characterized and
identified as B. subtilis which were designated as B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5,
B-6 and B-7. Post harvest pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus
and Fusarium sp. was isolated from papaya fruits found with symptoms of
fungal infection. In dual culture, Bacillus isolate of B-5 inhibited 27.27 %
and 55.55 % of A. niger growth on 24h and 48h incubation respectively. B4
isolate of Bacillus was effectively inhibited the growth of A. flavus in dual
culture method. B-5 isolates of Bacillus isolates effectively inhibited the
growth of Fusarium sp. (54.17%) on 48h incubation. In volatile assay,
maximum percentage inhibition of radial growth of fungi was observed
with isolates B-5 which was inhibited at 62.22% on A. niger, 60.98% on A.
flavus and 60.00% on Fusarium sp. From this studies, it was concluded that
B. subtilis (B-5) isolate was showing antagonistic property probably
through the production of diffusible and volatile antimicrobial metabolites
which has been proved to be an effective mechanism in controlling the
postharvest pathogens of papaya fruits. These observations and further
studies will help in developing the B. subtilis B-5 isolate has a potential
biocontrol agent against postharvest pathogens of papaya fruits.
Oral -32
Detection of Aerolysin gene, Hemolysin genes in Aeromonas hydrophila
isolated from diarrhoea and pond water samples
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
39
Thenmozhi.S*, and Vijayalakshmi.P*.
*Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode.
The detection of virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila is a key
component in determining potential pathogenicity because these factors act
multifunctionally and multifactorially. In this study totally 60 samples were
collected from diarrhoea and pond water. Among these only 37 samples
found to be positive for Aeromonas hydrophila.The Modified Rimler-
Shotts medium and Kaper‟s Multitest Medium, Starch Ampicillin Agar
were used as a selective presumptive isolation medium. The rapid detection
of two virulence factors was performed by using polymerase chain reaction
assay. The detected virulence genes include aerolysin (aerA) and
haemolysin (hyl H).The band appearance in the amplified virulence genes
of pond water and diarrhoea samples showed the molecular weight of
aerolysin (aerA-416bp) and haemolysin (hyl H-597bp) respectively.
Oral -33
Discovery of Leuconostoc mesenteroides sp from fermented foods and
process optimization for the increased production and purification of
dextran
K.Nanthini*, S.P.Vijayalakshmi* and B.T. Sureshkumar**
*Srimathi Indira Gandhi College,Trichy.
**Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for women, Tiruchengode
Various food samples such as soaked rice water, Sauerkraut, Sugar
cane juice, Molasses, Milk, Rice, Curd and Urid dhal are used for the
isolation of Leuconostoc mesenteroide sp. All yeast and other bacteria are
inhibited by addition of sorbate (0.2%) or more efficiently by pimaricine
(0.1%) and vancomycin (0.01%) enhances the selective growth of
mesentroides four isolates were obtained for the morphological observation
for the production of Dextran. Among the four isolates, production of
significant high quality of dextran was identified by the secretion of the
slimy dextran which was observed under microscope and confirmed by
ethanol precipitation. Media optimization trail had conducted to check the
nutrient requirements for the increased production of Dextran in shake
flask vide submerged fermentation. The most desired sucrose addition of
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
40
40 g/L had increased the productivity to 28 g/L when compared with static
has resulted 12 g/L. Study on feeding basic carbohydrates source sucrose.
That can affect the mesentroides to increase the dextran-sucrase activity
for the Dextran. It was observed that feeding at 20 th log hour showed the
increase in dextrin productivity of 40 g/L as the highest value. The nitrogen
source optimization was done to check the nutrient required for the
increased production of Dextran. The growth and production curve for the
highest dextran producing isolate mesenteroides species MRLCC 33 was
established. The dextran production was analyzed by the T.L.C
chromatographic technique. The RF value of the sample of the chilled
ethonal, extract dissolved into water was 5.3 vs the sucrose 5.0 which
confirms the conversion of the Dextran. The samples were sent for the
molecular mass profile of the dextran and the ribotyping analysis.
Oral -34
Phylogenetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus by random
amplification of polymorphic DNA
N. Sangeetha* and P.Vijayalakshmi* *Department of Microbiology
Vivekananda College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode
The polymerase chain reaction was used to obtain randomly
amplified polymorphic DNA profile for genetic fingerprinting of 5
different isolates of staphylococcus aureus from beef, mutton, chicken,
commercial milk and urine samples. A numerical analysis of genomic
profiles was demonstrated and it was possible to differentiate these
Staphylococcus aureus strains. All the isolates were classified into three
major groups. (Sc.A, Sc.B, Sc.C). Sc.A group originated from animal host
while isolates from plant and animal origins formed the Sc.B and Sc.C
group. This indicates relationship between host origin and genetic variation
among staphylococcus aureus isolates. The DNA fingerprint defined
Staphylococcus aureus could be useful in epidemiological studies, medical
diagnosis and the identification of new strains and their origins.
Oral -35
A Study on the Isolation and Partial Purification of Antibiotics from
Soil Actinomycetes Against MRSA
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
41
Dhivya V.Menon*, Vijayalakshmi.N*,
and Sureshkumar.B.T** .
Department of Microbiology
*Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women,
Coimbatore.
**Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode
In recent decades culturally independent methods demonstrated that
soil sediments contains wide range of unique microorganisms that devotes
an enormous for discovering new microbial secondary metabolites with
interesting biological activities such as antibiotics. These are chemicals
produced by micro organisms that in very low concentration, selectively
kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Soil Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected from
different regions of Tamilnadu. The isolated Actinomycetes were subjected
to microscopic observation and most of the isolates were found to resemble
Streptomyces spp. The isolated Actinomycetes were screened for
antimicrobial activity. The isolates that exhibited potent antimicrobial
activity were further screened for antimicrobial activity against Methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The isolate 5b exhibited potent activity
against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and was subjected to
further study at effective pH and temperature and finally the antibiotic was
extracted by suitable solvent extraction method.
Oral -36
Evaluation of Biofilm technology in biological treatment for textile
effluent
Mekala.C* and Vijayalakshmi.P*.
*Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for women
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode.
Increasing urbanization and industrialization have resulted in a
diagrammatic increase in the volume of wastewater produced around the
world. Textile industries are large industrial consumers of water as well as
produces of wastewater. Tightening the environmental standards has meant
that, much of these wastewaters have to be treated before it can be safely
discharged. The wastewater treatments step concentrates the various
pollutants in the wastewater into sludge, normally containing between 1
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
42
and 2% by weight dry solids, because of the dramatic increase in volume of
wastewater sludge treatment. Therefore, the sludge should be treated
properly. Biological treatment of wastewater evaluated as a good treatment
method for industrial effluent. Treatment of wastes with Pseudomonas and
Bacillus spp. involves the stabilization of waste by decomposing them into
harmless inorganic solids either by aerobic and anaerobic process. In
biocide (100%Hydrogen peroxide) treatment, it was detected that 0.0097
ml/ml effluent was required to kill bacterial load.
Oral -37
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis of
bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria
Sathya.S and Vijayalakshmi.P
Department of Microbiology
Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for Women,
Elayampalayam.
The lactic acid bacteria is one of the most diverse groups of bacteria.
The important attribute of lactic acid bacteria is their ability to produce
antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocin. In this study, 35 strains were
isolated from raw cow milk, 40 strains from fermented milk product like
curd, and 30 strains from batter. The isolates were characterized by using
biochemical and physiological methods as well as by analyzing
electrophoretic profiles of total soluble proteins by SDS- PAGE technique.
The lactic acid bacteria were assessed by AFLP finger printing analysis,
which detects genetic variation in microorganisms. The AFLP technique is
based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a
total digest of genomic DNA. AFLP technique provides a novel and very
powerful DNA finger printing technique for DNAs of any origin or
complexity.
Oral -38
Identification of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin producing
Staphylococcus aureus from wound infected patients
V. Rubeni* and M. Ponraj*
*Department of microbiology
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
43
Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women.
Tiruchengode.
Three types of samples were collected namely skin infection, burn
and accident wound samples. All samples, were analysed for the isolation
of Staphylococcus aureus with selective media, (Mannitol salt agar) and
biochemical tests. All the confirmed Staphylococcus aureus stains were
subsequently tested for antibacterial drug resistance based on Kirby –Bauer
disk diffusion method. Among the 9 antibiotics penicillin and vancomycin
showed the highest resistance. In PCR study all isolates of Staphylococcus
aureus were subjected to the previous study. The diversity of multidrug
resistance Staphylococcus was investigated according to SDS PAGE
analysis.
Oral -39
In vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of Adiantum raddianum
c.presl and Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.)Moore
M.HEMALATHA, Mr. K.MOORTHY,
Department of Microbiology,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
The antimicrobial activity of Adiantum raddianum c.presl and
Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Moore (aqueous, ethanol and petroleum
ether) extracts was studied against 14 microorganisms. It includes 12
Bacterial strains and 2 fungal strains. Disc diffusion method was employed
for screening of antimicrobial activity. The results of antimicrobial of
Adiantum raddianum c.presl reveals that the aqueous extract showed
moderate inhibitory activity against Salmonella paratyphi B (12mm),
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (16mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12mm) and
Cryptococcus neuformans (14mm). In ethanolic extract showed high
activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by giving a maximum zone of
25mm. The results of petroleum ether extract showed significant activity
against Staphylococcus aureus (25mm), Candida albicans (25mm) and
Shigella flexneri (19mm). The antimicrobial activity of Hemionitis arifolia
(Burm.f.) Moore aqueous extract showed significant inhibitory activity
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35mm). In ethanolic extract showed
significant inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30mm),
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
44
Cryptococcus neoformans (21mm) and Salmonella paratyphi A (16mm). In
petroleum ether extract showed significant activity against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (20mm). Though preliminary attempt was made with Adiantum
raddianum c.presl and Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Moore. Further work
to be carried out by purification of phytoconstituents.
Oral -40
Media Optimization to Improve the Productivity of Raw Starch
Hydrolysing Glucoamylase in lab scale –Solid State and Submerged
Fernentation by Aspergillus niger
V.M. Sathya*, A. Abisha* and P.Palanivel* *Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
Glucoamylase is a raw starch hydrolyzing enzyme. The production of
glucose from starch is a multi stage process involving different microbial
enzyme in successive enzymatic steps. Two key enzymes are involved in a
thermostable bacterial amylase enzyme and a fungal glucoamylase enzyme.
Glucoamylase place a major role in industrial ethanol production at
economic scale. The manufacture of high fructose corn syrub (HFCS) using
glucoamylase for starch saccharification. More than half of all commercial
baked goods and practically all soft drink bottlers use thus syrub instant of
sugar because HFCS is both sweeter and cheaper. The fed batch
fermentation experiments in solid state fermentation and submerged
fermentation lab koji was tried to increase the productivity of maltodextrin.
Solid state and submerged fermentation by Aspergillus niger lab koji was
tried with the feeding various concentration of maltodextrin (60%) 1m1,
2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml and nitrogen source soya flour (D/T) (10%).
Oral -41
Media and process optimization for the increased production of
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium spp. vide lab scale
submerged fermentation
Mekala.T* and Sureshkumar.B.T*.
*Department of Microbiology,
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
45
Vivekanandha college of Arts & Sciences for Women.
Tiruchengode.
Docosahexaenoic acid is a biogenic precursor for the eicosanoid
pathway such as prostaglandin and thromboxane. DHA is launched by
Martek Bioscience Company USA. DHA (omega -3 fatty acid) and
Arachidonic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) are formulated in infant formula.
DHA is a fatty acid – in specific terms, an omega-3 long chain
polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a primary building block of the brain and
eye. Everyone needs DHA. Cells in the brain, retina, heart and other parts
of the nervous system have connecting arms that transport electrical
currents sending messages throughout the body. Neuromins DHA is a safe,
natural dietary supplement. It is not a drug. DHA is present in mothers
milk. Sample collected from ATCC. Then prepared artificial sea water and
then added yeast, peptone with microelements and glucose also prepared
separately. Both glucose and medium were kept for autoclave separately.
After cooling, vial culture inoculated into medium and glucose also mixed
with medium that is seed flask. The increased production of DHA by
Schizochytrium spp. vide lab scale submerged fermentation at shake flask
level. The aim of this work is to increase the productivity of DHA by
adopting various methods in process optimization studies at lab scale vide
shake flask level by feeding various concentrations of carbon (glucose),
inorganic nitrogen (ammonia), organic nitrogen sources (soya flour
defatted toasted, corn steep powder). The optimization trial has been
conducted and the amount of DHA yield is calculated. The fatty acid are
determined by gas chromatography.
Oral -42
Screening and Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Using
Oleaginous Fungi
Thamaraiselvi.A* , Palanivel.P* and K.Moorthy*
*Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode.
Oleaginous is a lipid producing microorganism. A small number of
eukaryotic microorganism, the oleaginous species can accumulate
triacylglycerol as a celluar storage of lipids, sometimes upto 70% of the
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
46
biomass. Some of the lipids are particularly containing high proportion of
polyunsaturated fatty acid. They include bacteria, fungi, yeast. Generally
they can grown in very low temperature and pollution free environment.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid are well known for their potential in therapeutic,
food and nutritional applications. Various samples were collected from
cold regions (bark, leaves, soil & water) of coonoor, jimcana club at nilgiri
Dt, Tamilnadu. These samples were cultured for the screening technique
and detection of the Rhizopus spp. can produce high lipid content of
Oleaginous activity. The culture was extracted with hexane and aqueous
methanol and template was made for all those colonies. Preliminary
detection of lipid production was checked with Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC) sheet and purified various fractions such as
monoacylglyceride (MAG), the lipid content was about 15mg,
diacylglyceride (DAG), the lipid content was about 25mg, triacylglyceride
(TAG), the lipid content was about 425mg and free fatty acid (FF) vide
column chromatography, lipid quantification vide solid state fermentation.
The fatty acid profile was determined by Gas chromatography.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
47
Poster - 1
Dc-sign and the regulation of HIV transmission to T cells
M.Varunseelan, R.Roobini and P Janani
Bharathidasan University, Trichy.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and
play a key role in immune regulation. DCs are among the first cell
encountered by pathogens upon their mucosal entry. DCs take up and
process antigens after migrating to the lymph node, mature DCs activate T
cells by the presentation of processed antigens via Class II major
histocompatibility complexes. To initiate this primary response, DCs
express a whole array of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in
capture, processing and presentation of antigens. One of this receptor is
dendritic cell specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type
lectin, that is highly expressed an immature monocyte derivative DCs. In
addition to pathogen interaction, DC-SIGN is involved in the formation of
the immunological synapse between DC and resting T cell, via interaction
with ICAM-3(intercellular adhesion molecule-3).intriguingly, DC-SIGN is
also involved in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
from DCs to T cells, thereby enabling the efficient infection of T cells in
the lymph node. Previously, we have identified the region in DC-SIGN
regulating HIV transmission. We have shown that internalization of the
virus particle is no prerequisite for virus transmission. Presently, we are
looking for unknown cellular co-factor involved in DC-SIGN mediated
HIV transmission. A set of SIGN chemicals and mutated molecules is
utilized for these analyses. Understanding this unique mechanism of virus
transmission would enable the development of specific inhibitors, leading
to a preventative strategy against HIV infection.
Poster - 2
Cloning of inc A gene from the clinical isolates of Chlamydia
trachomatis - a sexually trasmitted dieases
Salaja R* .D.Deepika*, M.Prabharan*, Dr.Daman** *Bharathidasan University.
**ACBR, New Delhi.
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that occupy a non-
acidified vacuole (the Inclusion) during their entire developmental cycle.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
48
These bacteria produce a set of proteins (Inc proteins) that localize to the
surface of the inclusion within infected cells (Hackstadt et al. 1997).
Chlamydia trachomatis Inc A is also commonly found in long fibers that
extend away from the inclusion (Rockey et al. 2002). Robert et al. (2005)
used standard and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to
demonstrate that these fibers extend to newly developed inclusions, termed
secondary inclusions, within infected cells (Robert et al. 2005)., C.
trachomatis is the major cause of mucopurulent cervicitis, pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy
(Black 1997, Semeniuk et. al. 2002). The sequelae to PID due to C.
trachomatis can be severe and may result in death. Since C. trachomatis
infection is a marker of sexual activity, an association between C.
trachomatis and cervical cancer has been suggested. Worldwide, C.
trachomatis is the leading preventable cause of blindness and bacterial
sexually transmitted infections (STIs).We did the cloning of Inc A gene
from the clinical isolates of C.trachomatis and we obtained some results.
This work has been carried out in ACBR, New Delhi.
Poster - 3
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Specific Influenza H5n1
Diagnostic
C.Arulvignesh, R.Monisha and P.Priyamvadha Bharathidasan University,
Trichy.
The haemagglutinin H5 is a specific marker for the highly pathogenic
avian virus H5N1. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved
region of the H5 protein and not cross-reaction with other haemagglutinin
subtypes are a prerequisite for the development of a sensitive diagnostic
test. The peptides used as immunogens have to fulfill the following
requirements: (a) high degree of conservation among the same influenza
virus subtype (i.e. H5), (b) predicted high immunogenicity according to
appropriate algorithm, (c) significant amino acid differences to other HA
subtypes, e.g. H1 and H3. by protein alignments three regions located in
the chainHA1 of the H5 protein were identified to meet these requirements.
One of them comprises amino acid residues 43 to 83, which corresponds to
the tentative analogue of neutralizing epitope site E of H3. For expression
of recombinant protein, an appropriate expression cassette was detected
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
49
within yeast cell performing an immunofluorescence assay, and it was
further purified from the cell free supernatants using a nickel chelate resin.
The preliminary analysis of immune reactivity in mouse serum showed that
the peptide induced antibodies to interact with the full length H5 protein
expressed in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. Using commercially
available test systems for detection of H3N1 and H1N1 infections cross
reactivity of the induced antibodies was not observed.
Poster -4
Campylobacter jejuni - An Emerging Food Borne Pathogen
Radha, P. and Ayyasamy. P.M.
Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,
Salem -11.
Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that was first recognized as a
cause of human gastrointestinal illness in 1975. Campylobacter jejuni is a
curved, gram-negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic rod that grows best at
42°C and low oxygen concentrations. These characteristics are adaptations
for growth in its normal habitat especially in the intestines of warm
blooded birds and mammals. Campylobacter has so many reservoirs in the
environment, food products (especially poultry, beef and pork) are at risk
of contamination during processing and other studies have documented.
Campylobacter alone contaminate up to 88% on chicken carcasses.
Campylobacteriosis, the illness caused by Campylobacter, is a zoonotic
emerging infectious disease characterized by diarrheal (often bloody),
abdominal pain, malaise, fever, nausea and vomiting etc. Campylobacter
infection may result in long-term health problems, called Guillain Barre
Syndrome (GBS) that occurs several weeks after the acute diarrheal illness,
and may result in permanent paralysis. GBS occurs when a person‟s
immune system makes antibodies against components of Campylobacter
and these antibodies attack components of the body‟s nerve cells because
they are chemically similar to bacterial components. This phenomenon
where the immune system attacks itself following Campylobacter infection
is called “molecular mimicry.” Macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin,
clarithromycin, or azithromycin) are the most effective agents for
Campylobacter jejuni. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can also be used, but
resistance to this class has been rising, at least in part due to the use of this
class of antimicrobial in poultry feed. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
50
is an emerging and increasing threat to human health by increasing
antimicrobial resistance in food borne pathogens and that patients who are
prescribed antibiotics are at increased risk for acquiring antimicrobial
resistant food borne infections. The use of antibiotics in feed for food
animals, on animals prophylactically to prevent disease, and the use of
antibiotics in humans unnecessarily must be reduced. European countries
have reduced the use of antibiotics in animal feed and have seen a
corresponding reduction in antibiotic-resistant illnesses in humans. Now a
day, prevalence, pathogenesis and control of Campylobacter using
antibiotics are in progress in several ways. However, prevention,
awareness, traditional or advanced technology still needed to eradicate
Campylobacter completely.
Poster -5
Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against isolated clinical
pathogens
Poornima.S,Vijayalakshmi.M, Malarvizhi.A and Hemalatha.P,
Department of Microbiology,
Periyar University, Salem -11
The plant kingdom plays a main role in the life of human beings and
animals. The plants, as one of the important source for the treatment of
different diseases. In this present investigation, the pathogenic bacterial
isolates were identified from clinical samples by using standard methods.
The antibacterial activity on ethonolic leaves extracts of Curcuma longa
(turmeric), Azadirachta indica (neem), and Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) against
5 different clinical pathogenic bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Proteus vulgaris were performed by agar well diffusion method. MIC was
also employed with plant extracts. The inhibiting activity of plant extracts
was compared with standard antibiotics. The more inhibitory zone is
observed in ethanol extract of Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica
against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Proteus vulgaris. The result showed that the ethanolic extract was
more effective than the water extract.
Poster -6
Molecular diagnosis of Neonatal Infection
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
51
Sugandhi.P* and Dhandapani.R*. Periyar University, Salem - 11
Neonates are newborn infant, especially one less than four weeks
old. These newborns are highly susceptible to various infections, than
older children and adults. It is because their new immune system is not
adequately developed to fight the bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause
these infections. Neonatal infections are currently responsible for 1.6
million deaths in developing countries. The most common causes of death
in neonatal period are infections (32%) including septicemia, meningitis,
pneumonia, diarrhoea followed by birth asphyxia (29%) and prematurity
(24%). Presently neonatal sepsis is the major cause of neonatal mortality
and morbidity. Neonatal infections are caused by number of infectious
organisms like Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Rubella, Herpes
simplex virus, Hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Candida albicans.
Clinical diagnosis of newborn infants is difficult since there is no
laboratory test with 100% specificity and sensitivity. Common blood tests
consisting of WBC count, platelet count, blood culture and Chest X-rays,
urine tests results does not provide results before 48–72 hrs. So molecular
diagnosis provides highly sensitive and reliable results that can detect
infectious pathogens both qualitatively and quantitatively with timely test
results. Molecular methods are divided into four types such as
Hybridization methods (FISH, Probe hybridization and Micro arrays),
Amplification methods (PCR, Nested PCR, Pathogen specific PCR, and
Multiplex PCR), Post-amplification detection strategies (PCR+Sequencing,
PCR+hybridization), Non-Nucleic acid methods (Proteomics, Spectroscopy
and Phage assays) . Neonatal infections should be treated at the earliest
because the immune system of an infant is not completely developed and
the infection might become fatal. Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Gentamicin
are recommended for Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli,
Pyrimethamine, the sulfa drug- sulfadiazine and folinic acid are
recommended for Toxoplasmosis, Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-Amp-
LRC-1) are recommended for Candidiasis. Vaccination plays a key role in
the prevention of infection in the neonatal period. It is also important to
support the mother by providing adequate knowledge regarding prevention
and early identification of neonatal infections.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
52
Poster -7
Inhibition of food borne bacterial pathogens by bacteriocins from
Lactococcus lactis isolated from human breast milk
Krithika.D*, Sengottuvel.R**, and Dhandapani.R*.
*Department of Microbiology, Periyar University,
Salem-11.
**Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode-637 205
The human breast milk was collected, and serially diluted and plated
on glucose amended nutrient agar. The different colonies were taken and
gram staining was performed to screen gram positive lactic acid bacteria.
The test organisms were inoculated into Lactococcus agar medium.
Lactococcus lactis was isolated and identified by gram staining and
biochemical tests and bacteriocin was produced from them. Lactococcus
lactis cells were cultured at different time points such as 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36
hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs to study the time kinetics of the strain of interest. The
maximum growth was observed at 36 hrs. The organisms were then
subjected to heat shock treatment at 55oC. The production of bacteriocin
was checked between pH 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0 and 8.5 was found to be ideal.
Then bacteriocin was partially purified using (DEAE cellulose) column
chromatography technique. The produced bacteriocins were checked for
antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens. SDS PAGE was also
performed to determine the molecular weight of the bacteriocin which was
found to be 29 kDa.
Poster -8
Dermatophytosis and its molecular diagnosis–an alternative to
conventional methods
Umamaheswari.S, Sargunan.C, and Arvind Prasanth.D
Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem-636 011.
Consultant Dermatologist, Skin care and Cosmetology Clinic, Krishnagiri.
Dermatophytosis (ring worm or tinea infection) is one of the most
common fungal infections. Dermatophytes are a group of closely related
Keratinophilic fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as skin, hair and
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
53
nails and in humans and animals. This group consists of three genera
namely Trichophyton spp, Microsporum spp, and Epidermophyton spp. The
infections of this group are generally superficial and cutaneous. The risk
factor constitute exposuer to infectd people, animals, soil, fomites
including hat, combs, hairbrushes, humid climate, tight-fitting clothes,
chronic topical treatment or oral corticosteroid use, HIV, diabetes mellitus,
extreme obesity, occupation exposure, and other metabolic disorders. The
clinical manifestations are presented as infections of the glabrous skin
(tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and Tinea faciei), the highly keratinized skin
(palms, soles), skin rich in terminal hair Follicles (tinea capitis, tinea
barbae) and nail infection. The conventional method of identification by
microscopy includes potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and the fungal
culture. As the conventional method lacks the ability to make an early and
specific diagnosis because of their overlapping characteristics, variability,
pleomorpic and inconclusive. The role of rapid identification method plays
a vital role in diagnosis as it enables a clinical to initiate early therapy. The
molecular approaches are more rapid and accurate Alternatives for the
conventional method of dermatophyte identification. These Methods
include restriction fragement length polymorphism analysis (RFLP),
sequencing of the large-submit Rrna gene and protein-encoding genes,
gene-specific PCR,random amplification of polymorphic analysis(AFLP),
and dot blot hybridization. Recent, studies have focused on the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the Rrna gene. Sequence analysis of the
ITS regions have proven to be a useful tool not only for phylogenetic
delineation but also for the identification of some dermatophytes. It is
indicated that PCR and other molecular-based techniques may be
considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis and can
aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy.
Poster -9
Extended Spectrum of Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)-an emerging threat to
clinical therapeutics
Kowshalya.S, and Arvind Prasanth.D
Department of Microbiology,
Periyar University, Salem -636011.
Extended spectrum Beta–lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid mediated,
TEM and SHV derived Beta–lactamase enzymes ,first isolated in Western
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
54
Europe in mid 1980s ,most commonly reported in Klebsiella spp. followed
by Escherichia coli. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing broad
spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams but inactive against
cephamycins and imipenem . In addition ,ESBL producing organisms
exhibit co resistance to many other classes of antibiotics resulting in
limitation of therapeutic option. ESBLs have serine at their active site and
attack the amide bond in the Beta–lactam ring of antibiotics causing their
hydrolysis. Due to their inoculums effect and substrate specificity their
detection possesses a major challenge. The incidence of these organisms is
being continuously increasing throughout the World with limited treatment
alternatives. Hence it is necessary to know the prevalence of these
organisms and to formulate treatment policy. Moreover, restricted use of
the third generation cephalosporins lead to withdrawal of selective pressure
and use of Beta–lactam and Beta–lactamase inhibitor combinations may
exert reverse mutation on these enzymes.
Poster -10
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the virulence of E.coli.
Jayalakshmi.M*, Palanivel.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**
*Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Sciences For Women, Tiruchengode,
**Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal
Totally ten E.coli isolates were obtained from poultry fecal samples.
In the present study, we studied the effect of oxidative stress on the
production of certain virulence factors by E.coli. The isolates were exposed
to oxidative stress by growing them in the presence of different
concentration of H2O2. These H2O2 causes a significantly decrease in the
expression of virulence factors such as cell surface hydrophobicity,
adherence, haemolysis serum resistance and Fimbriae. The results of the
present study clearly indicated that the oxidative stress may result, in
changes that may influence the virulence of E.coli.
Poster -11
Isolation of Biofilm forming antibiotic resistance blood isolates of
Candida albicans
Karthiga.P*, Vijayalakshmi.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
55
*Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode,
**Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal.
Biofilm production has been implicated as a potential virulence
factor of some Candida species. Early detection of slime production by the
Candida species may be useful for clinical decisions. Therefore, we aimed
to demonstrate the formation of biofilm by Candida species isolated from
blood samples collected from ICU patients. The organisms were grown on
sabouraud‟s liquid medium containing 8% glucose. Biofilm production was
determined and biofilm forming C. albicans was subjected to antimicrobial
stability such as RED, and CDR types of antibiotics. In our current study
30% of isolates were resistance to RED and 40 % to CDR1 antibiotic. The
data suggest that the capacity of candida species to produce biofilm in vitro
may be a reflection of antibiotic resistance and pathogen of the isolates to
cause central venous catheter related candidaemia in ICU patients.
Poster -12
Isolation and identification of β lactamase producing Salmonella
typhimurium from food handlers in around Namakkal area
Gunavathi.N*, Moorthy.K*,Suresh kumar.B.T* and
Jegadeeshkumar.D**
* Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Science For Women,
Tiruchengode. **
Chromopark Research Centre, Namakkal.
In the present studies, 15 nail samples were collected to screen the
asymptomatic typhoid carriers and find out the emergency of beta
lactamase producing Salmonella tyhimurium. Totally10 (66.6%) isolates
were obtained from nail samples by selective media and biochemical test
like TSI, Indole, MR and VP test. These ten isolates were tested to ESBL
analysis, two isolates only showed positive for ESBL. In this present study
all isolates were subjected to antimicrobial stability test, among the 5
antibiotics 4 antibiotics were resistance to all isolates of Salmonella
tyhimurium. Furthermore all isolates were subjected to RAPD analysis for
identification of genetic diversity. In the study of RAPD analysis
heterogenecity was observed.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
56
Poster -13
Virulence and molecular characterization of acute gastroenteritis
causing E.coli isolate from stool samples.
Anandharekha.R*, Vijayalakshmi.P* and Jegadeeshkumar.D**
*Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women,
Tiruchengode,
** Chromopark research centre, Namakkal
To evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence
genes in E.coli strains isolates from stools samples of acute gastroenteritis
patients. A total of 12 E.coli were isolated and studied them for the
presence of fim I virulence factor by PCR. In this studies 10 E.coli (83.3%)
were produced virulence gene. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial
stability test. Among 9 antibiotics, ampicilin (100%) was highly resistance
followed by tetracycline (75%), chloramphenical (66.6%). The resistance
strains showed significantly higher prevalence of virulence genes (fim I)
than susceptible isolates. These isolates were subjected to RAPD analysis
for identification of genetic diversity. Our RAPD analysis showed
heterogenecity present in all isolates.
Poster -14
VIRULENCE DISTRIBUTATION AND MOLECULAR
CHARACTERIZATION OF Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLATED
FROM DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS
Balasundari.M*,Vijayalakshmi.P *and Jegadeeshkumar.D**.
*Vivekanandha College of Arts And Science For Women,
Tiruchengode.
** Chromopark research centre, Namakkal.
Aeromonas hydrophila is a causative agent of a number of human
infections. Aeromonads have been isolated from patients with diarrhoea. In
spite of a number of virulence factors produced by Aeromonas species,
their association with diarrhoeal diseases has not been clearly linked. In
current study, 35 fecal samples of a randomly selected population were
screened for presence of A. hydrophila. Out of the total number of cases, 20
were suffering from diarrhoea and the rest were asymptomatic healthy
individuals. The result showed that 10 of the samples were positive for
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
57
Aeromonas spp. A. hydrophila was isolated as the sole enteropathogen
from 80% diarrhoeal and 20% asymptomatic cases. These ten samples were
subjected to virulence factors identification such as hemolysin (40%),
gelatinase (20%) and protease (40%). Random amplified Polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied for molecular characterization of
Salmonella species. A total of 3 primers were used and only single primer
showed good discriminatory power for all isolates. Dendrogram showed
heterogenecity present in all isolates.
Poster -15
Biogas production from Eichornia crassipes
Thangamani.P*, and Karthy.E.S**
* Department of microbiology,
Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women,
Tiruchengode
** AWE CARE,
Analytical and Research Laboratories Postal Nagar. Erode.11
India has been facing the fuel energy problems in some parts of the
country, especially in rural areas. In order to reduce dependence on
commercial energy, steps have been taken to develop an alternative source,
such as biogas. The main constraints for installing a digester, however, are
the initial investment cost and the competition over kerosene water
hyacinths cause ecological and economic problems by impeding navigation
and fishing activities, clogging irrigation systems and by creating a chronic
shortage of dissolved oxygen harmful to the fauna and the flora. Anaerobic
digestion is a highly promising technology for converting biomass waste
into methane, which may directly be used as an energy source. A one drum
digests continuous load digesters with total volume of 150 L. Totally 75 Kg
of pre compost water hyacinth was add and incubate for 30 days.
Periodically physical, chemical and microbial parameter was analyzed
(Total nitrogen test, Volatile fatty acids test, Total solids and volatile
solids, pH, Temperature, Thermophilic bacterial count, Total bacterial
count, anaerobic bacterial count). The goal of the present study is to assess
the feasibility of biomethanation process for biogas production from water
hyacinth.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
58
Poster -16
Detection of lipase and amylase activity from plant sources
Uma L* and Karthy E.S** * Department of microbiology,
Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women, Tiruchengode **
AWE CARE, Analytical and Research Laboratories,
Postal Nagar, Erode.11
Lipolytic enzymes are widely used in the manufacturing process
throughout the world in the varied and interesting applications. In recent
years in the growing demand of lipolytic enzymes has been increased due
to potential use in the various manufacturing process of industrial goods
such as detergent industry, food industry and medicine, which inspired to
search new sources for enzyme isolation. Amylases also most important
industrial enzymes that have a wide variety of applications ranging from
conversation of starch to sugar syrups to the production of cyclodextrins for
the pharmaceutical industry. For this study, 15 kinds of plant sources viz.
fruits, vegetables, pulses were selected for the detection of lipase and
amylase enzymes. Amylolytic and lipolytic activity of above plant source
extracts were detected by using starch and tributyrin agar plates. These
enzymes were characterized by studying the profile of the temperature,
different concentration of substrate and different concentration of enzymes
for the enzyme activity.
Poster -17
Molecular sub-cloning of the gene encoding wheat monomeric alpha
amylase inhibitor in E.COLI.
R.Rabiathul basriya, *T.Sathishkumar, Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai.
Scirophaga incertulas is a predominantly monophagous pest of rice
which causes high yield loss of rice crop. The larvae of this pest completes
their growth within the stem by feeding on the stem parts resulting in „dead
hearts‟or „white heads‟ condition. The larvae are not easily accessible to
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
59
sprayed pesticides because they complete their life cycle within the stem.
Several works have been carried out to develop transgenic crops, but there
is always a chance of the larvae developing resistance to Bt toxins. Hence,
it is important to look for resistant genes from other sources that can be
incorporated into rice genome.
Genes that encode protinaceous inhibitors that target digestive
enzymes like protenaces and amylases are the ideal candidates for
producing transgenies. Alpha amylases play an important role in the
carbohydrate metabolism of such insects. Hence, alpha-amylase inhibitors
from non host plants would be attractive aspects to control the larvae of
Scirophaga incertulas. preliminary studies have shown that the amylase
activity of this rice pest can inhibited by the monomeric and dimeric alpha-
amylase inhibitors of the local variety of wheat. So this study have focused
on the sub-cloning of the monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor gene in
E.coli. Since this WMAI gene is nonglyconited. It can be expressed in the
prokaryotic host such as E.coli.
Thus using the various molecular techniques WMAI gene was sub-
cloned into pET25b vector to be expressed in the prokaryotic host E.coli.
the original gene was amplified using the primers which were designed in
the lab. The gene and the vector were linearized using the restriction
enzymes. The vector was ligated with the vector and then transformed to
E.coli host. The positive clones were screened for the presense of the insert.
These clones were sent for sequencing to confirm that the gene is in right
reading frame for its expression in the host.
Poster -18
The effect of starch and dextrin in penicillin production
using Penicillium Chrysogenum
K.Priya, *T.Sathishkumar.
Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai.
Penicillium chrysogenum is the major organism used for the
production of Penicillin in industrial level. The well isolated colonies were
observed on seed medium.
The colony size was observed to be 3 to 5mm in diameter. The
morphology of the colony appeared to be light green with white periphery
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
60
patches. Highly wrinkled with many indentations on its surfaces with raised
center like crater hollow in middle.
Production medium for Penicillin should contain the PH of 6.8, this
PH was optimum for Penicillin production. After the substrates such as
starch and dextrin were given to the medium as daily addition and
dumping, well isolated colonies of Penicillim chrysogenum.
Thus the penicillin activity was high in the production medium which
containing both starch and dextrin. This activity of Penicillin were used
against the several bacterial infections. Thus, carbon sources play a main
role in the Penicillin production.
Poster -19
Development of dot-ELISA for the detection of avian infectious
bronchitis virus
P.RAMYA DEVI*,T.SATHISKUMAR*, * Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha College for Women-Unjanai Village, Tiruchengode
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) us a major cause of disease in
domestic fowl. The virus produce an acute highly contagious disease of
upper respiratory & urogenital tract if chicken termed as infectious
Bronchitis (IB). Urogential form characterized involvement of kidneys as
pale enlarged kidneys, clinically this condition described as Infectious
Bronchitis (IBV) and it may resemble nephritis due some other cause. IB
was diagnosed by means of isolation and identification with available
vaccine virus.
The virus has worldwide distribution and recently many different
variants have been isolated (Cook, 1983). Because of financial losses
caused by the virus, a fast sensitive virus detection method is essential to
help the poultry industry.
The present study was conducted to know the incidence of IBV in
commercial chicken in and around Nammakal, Palladam and Udumalpet
area of Tamil Nadu. The disease is of more significant economic concern
for the poultry meat and egg production of Tamil Nadu and India as well.
The present study involved in the isolation of IBV from affected
kidneys of commercial chickens and identification of the isolates by HA,
AGPT and DOT-ELISA comparison with available commercial vaccine
strain.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
61
The IBV has been implicated in Bronchitis and Nephritis.
Vaccination is only partially successful because of the continual emergence
of antigenic vaccine. Hence the study was focused to identify and antigenic
variant among the field isolated and there by arriving a new vaccination
programmes with suitable antigenic type or types.
Poster -20
Microcystin Isolation from Cyanobacterial Strains
Dr L.R Gopinath and Jennita Soraisham
Department of Biotechnology,
Vivekanandha college of Arts and Sciences for Women
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode- 637 205
Namakkal, Tamilnadu.
Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) are unique photosynthetic
organisms of great importance because of their existence of some 3.5
billion years and their distribution in terrestrial, freshwater and marine
habitats. During warm weather, many lakes, ponds and surface water
bodies turn blue-green due to the growth of cyanobacteria. This
phenomenon is known as “bloom formation”. Their growth is being
enhanced by the high level nutrient level of nitrogen phosphorous and
carbondioxide concentration from the industrial effluents, livestock or
human waste. Majority of the common bloom formers are known to
produce biotoxins and are responsible for sporadic formation but recurrent
cases of poisoning and death among wildlife and domestic animals.
Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are predominantly hepatoxic and
neurotoxic. Mycrocystin is a hepatotoxin and are one of the most
frequently reported toxin in surface water. They can promote tumours,
contamination of sea food with toxin and can damage the fishing industries.
Recent researches have actually shown that microcystin act as protein
phosphatase inhibitors as well as tumor promoters when present in
nanomolar concentration.
Microcystis, a cyanobacterial species, is known to produce a class of
cyclic hepatopeptides called microcystis. Microcystis can be produced non-
ribosomally by multifunctional enzyme complexes and thus were long
regarded as secondary metabolites like most of the microbial peptides
showing similar synthesis.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
62
The present study was carried out with the four fresh water
cyanobacterial strains namely Microcystis aeruginera, Oscillatoria
amphigranulata, Oscillatoria peronata, Oscillatoria proteus, to optimize
the level of chlorophyll which are highly useful for the growth
measurements.
Poster -21
Production of lipase from oil mill waste isolates of Bacillus subtilis
S. Sathya*, B. Pragatheswari*, P. Murugasundari*.
*Dept. of Biochemistry,
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for women,
Perambalur.
In this study, the lipolytic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the oil
mill waste by enrichment techniques. The isolated colonies were screened
on Olive oil medium, colonies which produce the maximum zone of the
particular organisms was used for further optimization studies. Among the
5 Bacillus substilis isolates, a single isolate was the subjected to submerged
fermentation medium and the enzyme characteristics were studied with
respect to substrate, temperature and pH. The production of lipase was
significantly influenced by carbon sources such as Olive oil, Castor oil,
Gingelly oil, Palm oil, and Sunflower oil at different temperature range.
The maximum lipase activity was reached by the Bacillus at 37°C and pH 7
where its production reached upto 0.01033 and 0.01066 µg/ml/min. Among
the different substrate the maximum activity was observed in Gingelly oil
(0.01066 µg/ml/min) at pH 7 and temperature 37°C. Degradation of oil
wastage by the crude enzyme extract and bacterial suspension were
compared. The crude enzyme extract liberate more free fatty acid (10.9564
%) compared to Bacillus isolates (8.4240%). From the study it was
concluded that the commercially important enzyme can be produced by
submerged fermentation techniques using frequently available edible oil
sources it can be used for the biodegradation of oil effluents.
Poster -22
Comparative study of bactericidal activity of commercial antibiotics
with medicinal plant extracts (Morinda citrifolia & Puncia granatum)
AGAINST Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli and Vibrio cholerae.
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
63
Reeba James, T.B., Dhivya.S., and Lavanya, V. Department of Microbiology,
Vivekananda College of Arts & Sciences for women,
Elayampalayam – 637 205.
Tiruchengode -Tk.
Namakkal – Dt.
Plant extract have antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. The
present study was an ethonobotanical approach by which the antimicrobial
effect of various extracts was screened against the selected pathogenic
bacteria. The extracts used for this study included pomegranate and
collected leaves of Morinda citrifolia & Puncia granatum. The inhibitory
effect of plant extracts were tested using Agar well diffusion method
against Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli and Vibrio cholerae. The inhibitory
effect of leaf and pomegranate extracts against gastro intestinal
microorganism was determined.
Poster -23
In vitro screening of Salacia Chinensis Linn against microbial
pathogens.
Drisya Rishikesh*, J.P.S. Veena Sochalingam* and
S.Arul Sheeba Malar*, K.Moorthy
*PG and Research Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode- 637 205.
In recent generation, herbal preparations are more frequently used to
prevent and treat several diseases in world. The present study focused to
screen the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant namely Salacia
chinensis Linn. Antimicrobial activity of the plant was screened by disc
diffusion method. A total of 17 microbial strains were used, out of which
15 were bacterial strains and 2 were fungal strains. The ethanolic extract of
Salacia chinensis Linn were used to study the antimicrobial activity. The
sensitivity and resistance pattern of the organisms were properly identified
by using various antibiotics, and compared with antimicrobial activity of
plant extract. The ethanolic extract showed effective antimicrobial activity
against 11 organisms with maximum zone of inhibition. This extract
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
64
showed anti fungal activity against 2 fungus Candida albicans and
Cryptococcus neoformans. Staphylococcus epidermidis on extract produced
40mm zone which was similar to Amikacin. This extract showed moderate
antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris,
Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B,
Shigella flixneri, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenus. The
research reveals that Salacia chinensis Linn extract showed antimicrobial
activity for many organisms.
Poster -24
Effect of Multidrug Resistance of ESBL Strains on Antiviral Drugs
Vinodhini.R*, Palanivel.P* and Sengottuvel.R*. *Department of microbiology,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchangode-637205.
ESBL (Extended spectrum β-lactamase) are plasmid mediated
enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing and inactivating a wide variety
of first generation and third generation cephalosporin‟s, pencillins as well a
monobactams (such as aztreanam). Most of these plasmids not only
contains DNA encoding ESBL enzymes but also carry genes which confer
resistance to several non-B lactam antibiotics. They are aminoglycosides,
fluoroquinolones, tetracyclins, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole,
trimethopriom. In the present study, samples like urine, sputum, pus,
blood were collected from that Klebslella sp, Staphylococcus aureus,
E.coli, Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter, Pseudoomonas sp were
isolated. Among 15 isolates 3 were identified as the ESBL strains.
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates were done by Kirby- Bauer disc
diffusion method.
Kelbsiella sp was sensitive to Tobramycin, Gatifloxacin, Netilmycin,
Tetracycline, Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to
Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Netilmycin, Vancomycin, Genetamycin.
Pseudomonas sp was sentitive to Gatifloxaci, Netilmycin, Amikacin,
cefepime / Tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime. Enterobacter was
sensitive to ceftazidime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, Netilmycin,
Tetracycline. Salmonella spp. sensitive to Ampicillin, Gentamytcin,
cotrimoxazole, Amikacin, cefpirome, ceftazidime. E.coli was sensitive to
Tobramycin, Netilmycin, cefepime / Tazobactam, Amikacin, Proteus was
sensitive to Ciprofloxin, Gentamycin etc.,
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
65
The ESBL strains was identified by Double disc synergism test. In this
method Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid combination disc, cefazidime, and
ceftodoxime discs were used. The ESBL strains were go for plasmid curing
by antiviral drugs like Amantadine, Rimantandine etc., finally plasmid
cured ESBL strains antibiogram were studied.
Poster -25
A Study on heavy metal toxicity and tolerance capability of Rhizobium
spp.
Kavitha.R *, Sengottuvel.R* and Palanivel.P*.
*Department of Microbiology ,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode-637205.
Heavy metals are some of the major environmental pollutants. Main
sources of heavy metals contamination include urban industrial aerosols,
solid wastes from animals , mining activities, industrial chemicals. The
effect of heavy metals cadmium chloride, cobalt nitrate, nickel (II)
chloride, zinc nitrate on the growth of microorganism Rhizobium were
studied. For the genus Rhizobium different concentrations (200ppm,
400ppm, 600ppm, 800ppm and 1000ppm) of heavy metals was prepared in
Trypticase Soya Broth. Test media were inoculated with the test organism.
The growth of the organism were studied at 37°C at different time intervals
(24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 96hrs and 120hrs). Growth were measured by means
OD value using spectrophotometer at 620nm. Cobalt salt heavily affect the
growth of the organism at the concentration of 800ppm where as Nickel
salt moderately affect the growth of the organism at the concentration of
400ppm and Zinc and cadmium salts didn‟t show any effect on the growth
of the organism.
Poster -26
Study of physical and cultural parameters on the Bacteriocin produced
by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Indian fermented
foods.
Meriam Titus* and Vijayalakhsmi. P*
*Department of Microbiology
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
66
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women
Elayampalayam,Tiruchengode-637 205
Lactic acid bacteria predominates the micro-flora of fermented
products. They produce metabolites that inhibit the growth of food borne
pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. The objectives of the present
study were isolation, identification of LAB from traditional Indian
fermented foods and study of physical and cultural parameters on the
bacteriocin produced by them. Seven isolates of bacteriocin producing
LAB were isolated from curd, dosa batter and idli batter and were
identified as genera of Lactobacillus. The culture supernatants of the seven
isolates were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. The stability of the
bacteriocin was tested at different temperature, pH, presence of bile salts
and storage period at 4oC. The bacteriocin produced by the isolates were
stable at temperatures 30o-80
oC and with highest activity at pH 6. SDS-
PAGE analysis of the partially purified bacteriocins suggested their
apparent molecular weights between 16.5-48kDa. These bacteriocins may
have a potential use as food bio-preservatives and may help in improving
the gut environment by compairing several pathogenic micro organisms.
Poster -27
Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Syzygium
aromaticum against meat spoilage organisms
Saranya.K*, Arul Sheeba Malar.S* and Ramyadevi.T*
Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women
Tiruchengode-637205.
Plants are the mainstay of medicine and credited with mystical and
almost supernatural power of healing. The practice of herbal medicine
dates backs to the very earliest periods of known human history. There is
evidence of herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases and for
revitalizing body systems in almost all ancient civilizations. In the present
studies seven isolates of Bacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia
coli, Proteus spp. Klebsiella spp. Salmonella spp. Pseudomonas spp. were
isolated from the meat samples of Salem district. The isolates were
characterized and identified by preliminary and biochemical tests. The
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
67
antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and
Syzygium aromaticum were studied against various meat pathogens such as
gram positive and gram negative organisms by agar well diffusion method.
In this method various concentrations of the extracts were used for the
antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed activity against
three organisms such as Bacillus spp. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
spp. Syzygium aromaticum extract showed activity against only two
organisms such Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. However further
extensive work to be carried on the basis of isolation and purification of
active components from the plant material, purified compound to be
identified properly which can be used for antibacterial activity and then
drug can be formulated for commercial purpose.
Poster -28
RAPD analysis and determination of antimicrobial activity of
medicinal plant oils on biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus isolated
from clinical samples
Punitha.T* and Vijayalakshimi. P*
*Department of Microbiology
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women
Tiruchengode-637205
Staphylococcus aureus is a very versatile pathogen isolated from
wound infection, causing many different infection , ranging from mild to
superficial that are life threatening or fatal and it has the ability to form
biofilm which is an accumulation of microbial community enmeshed in self
produced extracellular material. Among the collected fifty pus samples,
twenty five isolates of genera Staphylococcus, were isolated and using
biochemical tests the species confirmed as S.aureus. Twenty five isolates
of S.aureus were detected for biofilm formation using congo red agar plates
in in vitro method and its antibiogram were detected for methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using Muller-Hinton agar.
Biofilm formation over the wound infection resist the use of antibiotics. In
order to inhibit the biofilm formation, the twenty five strong biofilm
forming isolates were treated with the essential oils obtained from
Eucalyptus, Neem, Olive, Amla, Turpentine, Mint in different
concentration using agar disc diffusion method. The isolates which
showing high sensitivity to the essential oils were randomly isolated and its
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
68
genetic diversity were evaluated using Random Amplification of
Polmorphic DNA (RAPD) method.
Poster -29
Prospective detection of secondary skin infection isolates from
outpatients and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agent
Radha.R, Selvi.M and Lavanya.V,
Department of Microbiology,
Vivekanandha College Of Arts And Sciences for Women,Tiruchengode-
637205.
Skin and soft tissues infections are involving the non-skeletal tissues.
Most skin infections result from a break in the skin such as surgery,
decubitus ulcer, cuts, punctures, animals or insects bites thorn and needle
pricks or burns. When a hole is multiply leading to a delay in the healing
process and finally infections conditions. A total samples scrapped
aseptically from one hospital were identified as Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus mutants, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus
epidermis based on phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. The
analysis for antimicrobial susceptibility showed that most of isolates,
belonging to the various genera developed multiple drug resistant.
Poster -30
Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes from Termites Gut
Shanmugapriya.M, Abisha.A and Palanivel.P,
Department of Microbiology,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women,
Tiruchengode-637205.
Termites gut microflora colonizing the hindgut of lower and higher
termites. The intestinal tracts of termites gut microbiota are Actinomycetes,
Fermentative bacteria, Spirochaetes and Pseudomonads. Actinomycetes
isolated from local termites (workers). The Actinomycetes flora in the
termite are changed depending on the taxonomic difference between
termites. Actinomycetes are symbiotically associated with other microbiota
(Spirochaetes, Pseudomonads and fermentative bacteria etc.,) in the hind
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
69
gut of termites. Actinomycetes produce primary and secondary metobolites
regulate to avoide their overgrowth of the other organisms associated with
termites gut. Termites were collected from Sugarcane wastes, tree barks
and live termites mounds from Namakkal. Termites were surface sterilized
by using 70% ethanol and the gut was removed without rupturing and
washed in sterile phosphate buffer (pH 7). Diluted gut extract were plated
on to the Starch Caesein Agar (SCA) with Nystatin and Nalidixic acid.
Actinobacter load in SCA plates 360 colonies in 10-1
dilution , 270 colonies
in 10-2
dilution, 157 colonies in 10-3
dilution from this plate 27 Actinobacter
were subcultured in ISP2. These Actinobacter were used to screen the
clinical isolates (Pseudomonas spp. Proteus spp. Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella spp. Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli). Method used for
screening was Cross Streak Method, three strains of Actinobacter showed
antagonistic effect against clinical isolates. Proceeding work to be
completed in this investigation includes, Mass cultivation, Solvent
Extraction, MIC, MBC determination and compound analysis.
Poster -31
Whole cell protein profile of CTXM antibiotic resistance Klebsiella
Pneumoniae isolate from different food samples
S.Aruna., K. Gokila., C. Sasirekha., V.Lavanya., and
R.Balagurunathan.
Department of Microbiology
Periyar University, Salem-11.
Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from Food samples like milk
samples, chicken meat samples and goat meat samples. Among the three
types of samples, highest occurrence obtained from milk and goat meat
samples (50%) and lowest occurrence in chicken meat samples (37.5%). In
order to find out the CTXM antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae
described by two methods namely Phenotypic method (Disc diffusion),
Genotypic method (PCR). Out of 12 isolates 10 (83%) was showed
resistance to CTXM antibiotic. In this studies both methods were described
the same results. In the present study all CTXM antibiotic resistance
isolates were subjected into SDS PAGE analysis for characterized the
whole cell protein. The distinct protein bands among the different isolates
of Klebsiella pneumoniae the protein band ranges from 14.3kd to 97.4kd
and all isolates had above 97.4kd protein bands. Among the 10 isolates few
MOLDID February 23 & 24, 2011
70
isolates had polymorphic bands patterns. This result indicate the genetic
diversity were present in our isolates. This study indicated that Klebsiella
pneumoniae is prevalent in the milk, goat and chicken meat sold at retail
shops in Namakkal area. The detection of 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae in this
study reflects the possible cross-contamination from multiple sources at the
slaughter house and poor hygiene during meat cutting, handling and storage
at shops. Proper cooking of meat before consumption and improving
personal and meat hygiene in the line of meat production from farm to farm
should be adopted to ensure the safety of meat and meat products for
human consumption.