Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS 8391/NTU CC725-N Wireless Networks
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Transcript of Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS 8391/NTU CC725-N Wireless Networks
#1EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 ENGINEERINGSMU
Southern Methodist University Fall 2003
EETS 8391/NTU CC725-NWireless Networks
Lecture 1: Course Overview
Instructor: Jila Serajemail: [email protected]
http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/tel: 214-505-6303
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Instructor Profile
Senior Staff Engineer with Ericsson Inc.—Network performance management
—Wireless mobility management
MS EE Lund Technical University in Sweden—Major in telecommunications
20+ years experience in telecommunications
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Course Objectives
At the successful conclusion of this course the students should have
Be familiar with elements of a wireless network
Be able to explain the function of each element in the network
Have a high lever knowledge of the protocols that govern inter-working between these elements
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Course Objective, Cont.
Have a good knowledge of the different wireless network technologies
Have a good understanding of the capabilities and limitations of them
Have a clear understanding of network performance metrics and their use
Have a good understanding on how the performance can be measured
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Course Objective, Cont.
Have a high level knowledge of network performance verification and optimization
Above all enjoy learning something new
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Course Overview
First generation cellular—AMPS, signaling, digital AMPS
Second generation voice—Speech coding, TDMA (IS-136), CDMA (IS-95),
GSM
Third Generation of wireless system—UMTS
—WCDMA
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Course overview (cont)
Mobile data systems—GPRS (general packet radio system),
—mobile IP (Internet protocol)
—CDPD, Architecture, MAC
Wireless LANs (local area networks)—CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.11, residential networks, ad
hoc networks
Network performance evaluation
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Course Topics (cont)
Not covered:—RF propagation, antennas, modulation/detection
—Communication/information theory
—Cordless phones
—Fixed wireless (radio or optical) systems
Prerequisites:—None
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Course Topics (cont)
GradingTerm Paper 10%2 exams 40% eachHome works 3 homework, each 5%
Term paper is expected by end of November.Homework is expected 2 weeks after it is posted on the web for classroom students. Distance students are given an extra week.
Answer to homework is posted on the web after 3 weeks.
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Course Material
No books are required
Class notes will be posted on the at:
http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/
Homework will be posted on the web
Term papers will be posted too
Suggestion for term paper could be found there too
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References
Recommended Books—Wireless Personal Communications Systems, David
J. Goodman, Addison-Wesley Communications Series
—T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996
• easy introduction to cellular networks; moderate engineering level
—B. Walke, Mobile Radio Networks: Networking and Protocols, Wiley, 1999
• comprehensive; heavy on GSM; European perspective
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References (cont)
—K. Pahlavan, A. Levesque, Wireless Information Networks, Wiley, 1995
• good as textbook or reference; heavy on RF instead of networks
—V. Garg, J. Wilkes, Wireless and Personal Communications Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996
• similar to Rappaport; engineering level is easier
—U. Black, Second Generation Mobile and Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall, 1999
• easy introduction to cellular for general audience
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References (cont)
—J. Gibson, ed., The Mobile Communications Handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press, 1999.
• handbook (not textbook) on various topics by leading experts
Specialized books—B. Bing, High-Speed Wireless ATM and LANs,
Artech House, 2000
—C. Perkins, Mobile IP: Design Principles and Practices, Addison-Wesley, 1998
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How To Get The Most Out Of This Course?
Follow the class
Do the homework, it helps you to come up with questions
Choose a topic you are interested for your term paper. Start working on it as soon as you have made up your mind
Ask questions
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Term Paper Ideas
Two types of term paper—Comparative study
—In depth research in one specific area
Subject Area—Wireless IP network
—Wireless Security
—Performance evaluation
—Wireless LAN
—Business case
—Mobility Management
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Your First Assignment
Send me an email containing the following information:—Your name, phone number, the preferred method of
communication
—Tell me why you are taking this course
—Tell me if you are interested in a special topic. I will try to accommodate it
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Office Hours
After the class as needed
Email, [email protected]
SMU distance learning mail and fax
Please use SMU address and email
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Miscellaneous Information
Contact List—SMU EE Department Administrator
Susan Bailey (214) 768-3109
—SMU Distance Learning Coordinator
Gary McCleskey (214)768-3108
Southern Methodist University Distance Education
Attn: Gary McCleskey
P.O. Box 750338
Dallas, TX 75275-0338
Fax Number (214)768-8621 or (214)768-3573
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Miscellaneous Information
Class Times and Dates—Thursdays 6:30-9:20 pm—Last class on November 20—Final Exam December 11
Distance Students—Return assignments should be returned to Gary
McCleskey either by mail, fax or email—Please send only one copy—Deadlines are fixed— Videotape help: [email protected]— NTU administration: www.ntu.edu
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Outline
Motivation
Historical background
Some Terminology
Classification of wireless networks
Standards
Review of radio communications
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Why wireless networks?
No cost for installing wires or rewiring—Communications can reach where wiring is
infeasible or costly, eg, rural areas, old buildings, battlefield, vehicles, outer space
—“Automagical” instantaneous communications without physical connection setup, eg, Bluetooth
—Communication satellites, global coverage, eg, Iridium
Roaming allows flexibility to stay connected anywhere and any time
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Why wireless networks? (cont)
Rapidly growing market attests to public need for mobility and uninterrupted access
Consumers are used to the flexibility and will demand instantaneous, uninterrupted, fast access regardless of the application.
Consumers and businesses are willing to pay for it
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Why wireless networks? (cont)
Increasing dependence on telecommunication services for business and personal reasons
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Challenges
Network support for user mobility (location identification, handover,...)
Efficient use of finite radio spectrum (cellular frequency reuse, medium access control protocols,...)
Integrated services (voice, data, multimedia) over a single network (service differentiation, priorities, resource sharing,...)
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Challenges (cont)
Maintaining quality of service over unreliable links
Connectivity and coverage (internetworking)
Security (privacy, authentication,...)
Cost efficiency
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10 minutes break
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Historical Background
1946: AT&T introduced first mobile telephone service using line of sight analog FM radio transmission, 120 kHz per voice channel, limited to 50 miles from base, operator-assisted dialing
Mid-1960s: AT&T’s IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service) uses 30 kHz voice channels, narrowband FM and direct dialing
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Historical Background (cont)
First generation analog cellular telephony—late 1940s: AT&T develops cellular concept for
frequency reuse
—1971: AT&T proposes High Capacity Mobile Phone Service to FCC
—1979: US standardizes it as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)in 800-900 MHz range
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Historical Background (cont)
First generation analog cellular telephony—1983: AT&T launches AMPS in Chicago 1985:
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) in Scandanavia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) in UK, C450 in W. Germany
—Total six incompatible analog cellular systems in Europe
—Motivated Europe to accelerate 2nd generation digital cellular
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Historical Background (cont)
Second generation digital cellular—1989: Europe standardizes Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM)• 1992: GSM is launched
—1990: Japan standardizes Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) now called Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)
—1990: Europe standardizes Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800, recently renamed GSM 1800)
—1993: DCS 1800 launched
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History (cont)
—1992: TIA/IS-54 TDMA (Digital AMPS) is deployed in US
—1996: TIA/IS-95 CDMA in US
—1995: Personal Handphone System (PHS) in Japan, first widespread low-tier PCS, is hugely successful
1996: AT&T and Sprint offer PCS in major US cities—Smaller cell sites (0.25 km vs traditional 1-8 km),
smaller/lighter portable handsets, cheaper access points
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History (cont)
1998: ITU begins to study proposals for 3rd generation cellular
mid-2000s: UMTS, IMT-2000, W-CDMA, cdma2000, EDGE,...
2010-?: 4th generation?—Self organizing, ad hoc?
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Some Terminology
Wireless vs mobile—Wireless systems can be fixed (LMDS, microwave,
optical) or mobile
Cellular—Geography is divided into adjacent cells
—Radio frequencies can be re-used in non-adjacent cells
—Commonly in 800-900 MHz band
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Terminology (cont)
Base station—Fixed transceiver that sends and receives signals
from the mobile device
—Connects to the wireline network
PCS —Originally, microcellular “anywhere any time”
service with unique lifetime number, portable lightweight handsets
—Now similar to digital cellular, in 1900 MHz range
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Terminology (cont)
Low-tier cellular (PCS)—Between cellular and cordless
—Very small cells, limited mobility, usually campus range
High tier cellular—Large cells
Protocols—Rules for exchanging data between different entities
Protocol layers
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Terminology (cont)
Protocols, cont—Concept of dividing (usually complex) protocols into
separate functions
—Higher protocol layers build on the functions (“services”) of lower layers
—Each protocol layer can be designed and analyzed separately, if “services” provided to higher protocol layers is unchanged
—Each protocol layer uses separate overhead information (eg, header fields)
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Terminology (cont)
Protocols, cont—Protocol “entities” in each layer communicate with
their “peer entities” in the same layer
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Terminology (cont)
OSI protocol reference model
physical
data link
network
transport
session
presentation
application
Host A
physical
data link
network
transport
session
presentation
application
Host B
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Terminology (cont)
Application Layer: User program that generates data
Presentation Layer: changes syntax (data format) if necessary
Session Layer: synchronizes sessions (dialogues)
Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery
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Terminology (cont)
Network Layer: routes data through network
Link Layer: framing, error recovery on links, including MAC
Physical Layer: point-to-point medium-dependent transmission
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Terminology (cont)
TCP/IP protocol reference model
network access
internet
transport
application
Host A
network access
internet
transport
application
Host B
Application Layer: user program that generates data
Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery
Internet Layer: route IP packets between different networks
Network Access Layer: any network and physical layer protocols
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Classification of Wireless Networks
Mobility: fixed wireless or mobile
Analog or digital
Ad hoc (decentralized) or centralized (fixed base stations)
Services: voice (isochronous) or data (asynchronous)
Ownership: public or private
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Classification of Wireless Networks
Area: wide (WAN), metropolitan (MAN), local (LAN), or personal (PAN) area networks
Switched (circuit- or packet-switched) or broadcast
Low bit-rate (voicegrade) or high bit-rate (video, multimedia)
Terrestrial or satellite
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Standard Bodies
International Telecommun. Union (ITU)—An agency of United Nations for
communications standards and treaty-based spectrum management
—Up to 1993, composed of 4 groups
• CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone): recommendations for wired networks
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Standard Bodies
• CCIR (Consultative Committee on International Radio): study groups for radio spectrum usage and interworking of wireless systems
• International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB): allocated international frequencies and organized 1987 and 1992 World Administrative Radio Conferences (WARCs) settling international questions about spectrum for PCS and satellite services
• General Secretariat
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International Standards (cont)
—1985 Study Group 8 started work on future public land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS): 3rd generation wireless or PCS
—1993 Reorganized into 3 sectors
• Radio Communications Sector ITU-R (formerly CCIR and IFRB): world conferences, radio regulations
• Telecommun. Standardization Sector ITU-T (formerly CCITT): all wireline and wireless standards
• Telecommun. Development Sector (new): promote development of telecommun. in developing countries
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Standards (cont)
Conf. of European Posts and Telecommun. Administrations (CEPT)—Post/telecom administrations of most European
nations
—Traditionally coordinated European support of ITU
—Supplanted by ETSI
European Telecommun. Standards Institute (ETSI)—Established by the European Community for pan-
European systems
—Covers GSM, HIPERLAN (wireless LAN)
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10 minutes break
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US Standards
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)—Project 802 studies LANs
—802.11 wireless LAN standard
FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates licenses for US radio spectrum
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US Standards
1979 Single nationwide standard allowed roaming in first generation cellular systems (AMPS)
slowed push for second generation digital
1981 Decision to license two (20 MHz) wireless providers per market: (1) local telephone company (2) non-wireline company
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US Standards (cont)
Letting market decide among various 2nd generation technologies, constrained to share frequency bands with 1st generation
1994 Auction of PCS spectrum in 1900 MHz range
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)— T1 committee for US standards supporting ITU
T1A1 Performance and signal processing
T1E1 Network interfaces
T1M1 Interwork operations, administration, maintenance
T1P1 Systems engineering, standards planning
T1S1 Services, architecture, signaling
T1X1 Digital hierarchy, synchronization
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US Standards (cont)
—T1E1 and T1P1 subcommittees are working on PCS
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)—Telecommun. Industry Assoc. (TIA) is a branch
representing equipment vendors to develop cellular standards
—1988 TR45 Committee on Digital Cellular Standards began 2nd generation cellular standards
—1992 EIA/TIA Interim Standard 54 (IS-54) defined air interface based on TDMA (dual mode with AMPS)
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US Standards (cont)
—1993 TR45.5 subcommittee publishes EIA/TIA IS-95 based on CDMA
—TR45.4 subcommittee is working on PCS
FCC is letting market decide among various technologies
• TDMA (IS-136)
• CDMA (IS-95)
• digital AMPS (IS-54-B), also TDMA
• narrowband analog AMPS (N-AMPS)
• narrowband extended TDMA (E-TDMA)
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3G International Standards
2005+ timeframe
ITU-R studies of FPLMTS (future public land mobile telecommunications system) - now called IMT-2000
ITU standards on UPT (universal personal telecommunications)
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3G International Standards (cont)
ETSI group on UMTS (universal mobile telecommunication system)
T1S1, T1E1, T1M1, T1P1 committees, TIA (Telecom Industry Assoc.), IEEE 802 committee are developing US standards for PCS
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Questions?