SOUTHERN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM Master Teacher of Entrepreneurship (MTEnt) Program James B. Wilcox...
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Transcript of SOUTHERN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM Master Teacher of Entrepreneurship (MTEnt) Program James B. Wilcox...
SOUTHERN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM
Master Teacher of Entrepreneurship (MTEnt) ProgramJames B. WilcoxCenter for Economic and Entrepreneurship EducationThe University of Southern Mississippi
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and Profit Cost of Goods Sold – the direct cost of
producing and selling a good (minus non-allocated costs)
Profit = total revenue – (minus) total costs Gross profit = price (revenue) of goods sold –
(minus) cost of producing and selling the good, including fixed costs
Net profit = price (revenue) of goods sold – (minus) cost of producing and selling the good, including fixed costs and depreciation
Economics of One Unit of Sale (EOU) What is a “unit of sale”?
Retail – one item Manufacturing – one order Service – one hour of service time Wholesale – a dozen of one item Combination
Gross profit per unit (average) =price per unit – (minus) cost of producing and selling
one unit, including fixed costs Gross profit per customer (average) =
Average sale per customer – (minus) average cost per customer
Gross profit / (divided by) number of customers
Four Basic Business Types - Quantity Manufacturing – makes a product and
sells units in bulk Wholesale – buys units in bulk and sells
them in smaller quantities Retail – sells one unit at a time Service – sells intangible units
Topic Final Thoughts
Cost of labor in the EOU Cost associated with the sale of one unit
Going for volume Sometimes it is smarter to produce in volume
Becoming a business leader From labor to leadership Economies of scale Economies of scope
Product or Service?
Product – something that exists in nature or is made by human beings – tangible, can be touched
Service – work that provides time, skills, or expertise in exchange for money – intangible, and can’t be touched
Product or a Service?
Four Basic Business Types – P vs S Tangible or Intangible?
Manufacturing Wholesale Retail Service
Combinations?
Ethics of Conducting Business Not against the law Not hurtful toward others Not spread negative messages or ideas in
the marketplace
Ethica
l
Start-up Considerations
Naming your business Risks of using your name in the business
Money alone is not a good reason to start a business
How could your dream help the community? Senior projects for SEP students
What is the value of your time? $ and OC Entrepreneurs and philanthropy
100 business ideas for young entrepreneurs
Quality
Quality – degree of excellence Profit comes from quality W. Edwards Deming – proposition that:
The quality of the product was the very essence of business
A business that focused on quality would be more profitable than a business that focused on only lowering costs
Mr. Deming Goes to Japan
The Japanese product Study what works
a. When people and organizations focus primarily on costs, costs tend to rise and quality declines over time.
b. However, when people and organizations focus primarily on quality, defined by the following ratio,
quality tends to increase and costs fall over time.
Why Quality is Actually Cheaper Don’t have to fix it Most valuable advertising possible
Word of mouth – meal, cell service, school, car
You earn customer loyalty Continuous Improvement Process
(Kaizen)
Start with quality
Quality Relationships
Treat suppliers and employees well Suppliers won’t be loyal to a company that
deals with them unfairly Employees won’t focus on continuous
improvement unless they feel good about their company
10 Ways to Improve Quality
1. Adopt a philosophy of continuous improvement2. Be consistent3. Do it right the first time4. Develop long-term relationships with suppliers
based on loyalty and trust even if it means not getting the lowest price every time
5. Focus on quality in production for yourself and your employees
6. Eliminate fear (change, confrontation, etc.)7. Don’t ask for perfect performance from your
employees or yourself – instead work smarter and better every day
8. Focus on the quality of what your business does, not the quantity
9. Quality is everyone’s job
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
What Is a Partnership?
Consists of two or more owners who make decisions for a business together and share the profits and losses
Partners bring different skills to a business Be cautious – have clear agreements on:
Money and intellectual property Ongoing responsibilities of each partner How decisions will be made How profits and expenses will be shared What happens if the business shuts down
Limited Partnership
Includes both: General partners who are personally
responsible and liable for the actions of the business
Limited partners who have a limited role or no role in managing the business and also have limited liability
Registering a Sole Proprietorship Necessary – state and local regulations
require registry Necessary for financing Business license
Registration Steps
Choose business name “Fictitious” business name
Fill out a “doing business as” (DBA) form with the name of the business and your name An official may conduct a name search
(SBDC) After the name is established, fill out a
registration form and pay a required fee May be asked to take the form to a notary
Registering a Partnership
Similar steps Additionally, partners should have a
partnership agreement between themselves
Permits, Licenses, and Certificates Permit – official document that gives you
the right to carry on a specific activity (Health, Zoning, Signage, Building)
License – an official document that gives you the right to engage in an activity for as long as the document is valid (Cosmetology, Alcohol, Real Estate)
Certificate – official document that verifies something
Sole Proprietorship
Advantages Relatively easy to start up Business owner pays personal income tax
on earnings Fewer government regulations Make quick decisions and act without
interference Keeps all profits from the business
Sole Proprietorship
Disadvantages Difficult to raise enough money to start or
expand the business Must often put in long hours Unlimited personal legal liability No one to offer encouragement or feedback Only one stakeholder – limited ability to
share risk
Partnership
Advantages Partners can pool their resources Risk, long hours, and legal liabilities shared Different skills and contacts brought to the
business
Partnership
Disadvantages Profits shared Each partner is liable for the actions taken
by the business Disagreements among the partners can
destroy the business Partnerships can be difficult and unpleasant
to dissolve
What is Manufacturing?
Manufacturing Make and sell products Moveable assembly line
The manufacturing process Starts with raw materials or parts and
transforms them into finished products Uses labor, machinery, or other tools
(including manufacturing plants)
Manufacturing Advantages
Can make a product that isn’t already on the market
Can fine-tune or add features to existing products
Can minimize or mitigate competition Take out patents on designs Be big enough to cover the market better
than new companies could
Manufacturing Disadvantages Expensive Need for space Costly to train and hire workers Complexity of product
What and Why?
Types of manufacturers Consumer products Industrial products Government & military contract products
Make or buy? Vertical integration Manufacturing and you
How? Steps in Development Process Ideas to design
Drawings and specifications Parts and materials lists
The prototype Getting ready for production
Tooling Setup costs
Getting help with your design Feedback (professional & market)
Distribution
Manufacturer → wholesaler → retailer → consumer Production (upstream)/distribution (downstream) chain
A slow distribution channel can hurt your business Markups: prices increase at every link in the chain
Usually 25% to 100% Percentage markups
At a 25% markup per link, how much did the Manufacturer sell your $80 shoes for?
$51.20
Profit Margins
The relationship between price, gross profit, and cost Gross profit = Net sales – (minus) COGS Gross profit margin = (Gross profit /
(divided by) Net sales) * 100 Gross profit margin per unit Retail price
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Investment
Definition: time, energy, money put into a business
Return on Investment (ROI) The money or profit gained with your
investment (paying it back) Calculated as net profit divided by
investment
Risk
Definition: chance of losing your money/investment
Risk/return relationship Rate of return – riskier investments should
earn higher rates Interest rate
Savings accounts Stocks & Bonds CDs and Money Markets
Small Business - High Risk/Return Small scale – won’t need as much profit to
get a high ROI Quick decision making – can solve
problems and meet customer needs faster than larger firms Implications go beyond the business world
Industry knowledge – if an expert, in a better position to spot warning signs and stay out of trouble
Lower operating costs – exchanged for sweat equity
Investing in Your Future
Goal setting Something you wish to accomplish in the
future Write them down (short, medium, long-
term) Stay focused
Going to college is the best investment you can make Who wants to be a millionaire?
The Time Value of Money
Invested money grows by compounding Rule of 72
Divide 72 by the interest rate to find the number of years it will take to double your money at a given return rate 10% 6% 2% 1% Your personal savings account
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Free Market vs. Command Economy Free market vs. command economy
Free enterprise system – ownership Command economy – government sets
prices, tells people where they can work, and how much they can earn
A free market is more efficient than a command economy
Most economies are a mix Ownership is powerful Price communicates information
Demand and Supply
The laws of supply and demand help guide prices in a free market economy Using the laws of supply and demand to
predict behavior Supply and demand schedules
Price Considerations
The market clearing price – the price at which the number of products a customer is willing to buy and the number a seller is willing to sell match.
Competition keeps prices down and quality high
Competition vs. monopoly
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Creativity and Knowledge
Do you use your creativity? The entrepreneur is a market-minded artist Lateral thinking increases creativity
Inc. Magazine article Challenge assumptions to solve problems Research suggests intelligence can be
improved You have unique knowledge Your market
Mapping activity
Practical Daydreaming
Product development1. Play with possibilities2. Think of possible solution to problems in
your neighborhood, community, or even world
3. Make a model of the product4. Find out who might manufacture your
product – have a prototype madea. Models and Prototypes
5. Do a reality check Patents
Practical Daydreaming
Your task is to come up with an original product and an accompanying 30 second elevator pitch for this product/service.
You will have exactly 10 minutes to come up with your product and an additional 3 minutes to come up with your elevator pitch.
Remember to hit the 4 P’s and focus on the benefits rather than the features of your product.
You may also ask for an investment.
Practical Daydreaming
Investing in products Each participant will be given 3 poker chips
of the following values $20k $10k $5k
Each chip must be invested (diversification requires no more than one chip to be invested in a single venture)
Participants can (and are encouraged to) invest in their own team’s venture
Activity
10 Rubber bands 5 Cups 1 yard stick 10 feet of tape 10 straws 5 binder clips Post-It Notes
4 Ps “Cheat Sheet”1. Product2. Price3. Place4. Promotion
Computers
Create business cards Letters Presentations Keep records Flyers and posters List of customers Communicate with customers
Computer Software Programs Shareware – free programs www.MyBiz.am www.bizbuilder.com www.bizplans.com
Internet
The Internet Websites Email Information
Going Online A phone line A cable line A DSL line – Digital Subscriber Line ISP – Internet Service Provider
The World Wide Web Hyperlinks URL’s – uniform resource locators – website
addresses
The Internet as a Business Opportunity Selling goods, services and information Selling advertising space Charging a subscription fee for those
wanting to visit your site – www.morningstar.com
Find the best deals Market your business Buy and sell
Online Resources
Email Electronic mail Free services – gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo Mail,
AOL, etc. Newsgroups
Public message boards that usually focus on a specific subject
Protecting Ideas
Turning ideas into intellectual property (IP) Stops people from using ideas Can use them to create a competitive
advantage or can be licensed or sold
4 Kinds of IP
1. Patents – protects inventions2. Copyrights – protects original work or
expression of ideas fixed in a tangible form
3. Trademarks – protects words, names, symbols, or designs that are used to identify the source of a product
4. Trade secrets – methods, formulas, or other kinds of information that have commercial value
3 Kinds of Patents
1. Utility patent 2. Design patent3. Plant patent
The next few slides describe these in more detail.
Utility Patent
May be granted for inventions or discoveries of any “new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new useful improvement thereof.” To qualify, must satisfy certain conditions: Useful – identifiable purpose New – not already invented Non-obvious – would not be
obvious to somebody who hasordinary skill in the industry orarea of science or technology
Design and Plant Patents
Design patent – may be granted to anyone who invents a “new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture.”
Plant patent – may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct variety of plant
Applying for a Patent
In-depth description of invention A drawing of the invention A completed “Declaration for Patent
Application” Notarized statement from the inventor(s)
to the effect that they are the original inventor(s) of the subject of application
The filing fee
Copyright ©
Protects art, music, plays, books, software Protects the original expression of ideas
when fixed in a tangible form Provides the creators of “original works of
authorship” with exclusive rights to do and authorize others to: Reproduce works Prepare derivative works Distribute copies of works Perform or display the works publicly
Obtaining Copyrights
How to obtain copyright protection Author(s) own it as soon as it is produced
Registering copyrights in the US Don’t need to register it to acquire a
copyright Can assign (transfer) some or all of the
rights to a work to another person Can license some of the rights
Electronic Rights / Digital Millennium Copyright Act Enacted in 1998 It is a crime to circumvent anti-piracy
measures built into commercial software Crime to manufacture, sell, or distribute code-
cracking devices that illegally copy software Internet service providers that transmit
information over the internet must remove material from users’ sites if it appears to be infringing on copyright
Webcasters must pay licensing fees to record companies
Trademarks Rights ™
Can put an ® next to the product name once it is federally registered
May be used to prevent others from using a similar mark, but not from making or selling the same product or services
Applying for a Trademark
A completed application form A drawing of the trademark Three specimens showing the actual use
of the mark on or in connection with your product or service
The filing fee
Using Someone’s IP
Ask permission Ask for license Offer to buy Pay someone to create IP for you as a
work for hire
Limits
What is “public domain”? Consists of ideas and their expression that
are not protected as IP What is fair use?
Educational purposes
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Competitive Advantage as a Strategy What your business is about (business
definition) Why you expect to succeed in a
competitive marketplace Communicated in a mission statement Tactics – specific actions and activities
required to carry out your strategy
Detailed more on next few slides
Business Definition – 3 Elements1. The offer – what you will sell2. Target market3. Production and delivery capability
Must answer what, who, and how What will the business offer? Who will the business serve? How will the business provide the products
or services it offers?
Competitive Advantage
Competitive offers – compare to competitors
Unique selling proposition – what is unique?
Cost structure – is the cost of doing business different?
6 Sources of Competitive Advantage
1. Quality2. Price3. Location4. Selection5. Service6. Speed/turnaround
Is Your Competitive Advantage Strong Enough? Sell to a market that is large and
growing Sell to a market where the competition is
able to make a profit Sell where competition is succeeding but
not too strong Sell what fills a need Sell at an attractive price
Mission
Use your competitive advantage to satisfy your customers
Concisely communicate your strategy Tell customers and employees what your
business is about – earn their “buy-in”
Strategy Tactics
Sales plan – to identify and convert prospects into sales
Market communications plan – to communicate with customers
Operating plan – to manage internal operations
Budget – to manage expenses and revenues
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Customer Service
Has a very high ROI What is customer service? Repeat customers
Joe Girard’s “Law of 250” – 250 people important enough to invite to wedding or funeral, their 250 and so on Positive or negative
The Good in the Bad
Customer complaints are valuable Always acknowledge complaints and
criticisms Don’t overreact to negative remarks Always tell the truth about any negative
aspect of your product or service
Marketing
Customer service is marketing Customer service should be a source of
market research Include a short survey on a stamped
postcard with every item purchased Ask selected customers to fill out a longer
survey in the store and offer an incentive Always ask standard questions when
completing a sale
Database
Name Email Phone and fax Mailing address Date of last contact Comments or notes on last purchase or
request
Customers
Stay in touch with customers Ask customers to refer you to new
customers Lacing Again, Law of 250
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Perspective
Trade, not aid Cause-related marketing
Demonstrates a commitment to a social, environmental, or political cause
Can instill loyalty Good way to differentiate your business
and achieve a triple bottom line as: A profitable business A business that improves society A business that protects the environment
Gaining Goodwill
Try to make a difference Donate money, products, or time
As an educator, take advantage of those who do!
Community reinvestment funds for projects, professionals for classroom visits, etc.
Nonprofit Organizations
Corporations whose mission is to contribute to the greater good of society
Work to improve social conditions
Teach for America / upromise Founded in 1991, Teach for America
recruits college graduates to become public school teachers in disadvantaged regions www.teachforamerica.org
upromise enables registered families to make purchases from supporting companies and have a percentage of their spending automatically go to a special savings account for college
Philanthropy
What is philanthropy? Give money through foundations
Entrepreneurs have built: Libraries, museums, universities, and other
institutions You have something to contribute
Work with nonprofits Donate income or profits Volunteer Offer a good/service at a reduced cost
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
In order for participants to feel comfortable with presenting their business plans, early on in the instruction, participants are encouraged (or required) to present their ideas for business.
Purpose
Over the course of the instruction, participants will present their plan multiple times.
Each time they present, constructive feedback will be given.
The purpose of the feedback is to assist them in the development of their plans and to gradually prepare them to present their plans for funding consideration.
Process
After writing up an initial business plan, participants are encouraged (or required) to present a 30-second elevator pitch on their business idea.
Time each participant’s presentation. Participants are stopped exactly at 30 seconds.
Step 1: The 30-Second Commercial
Participants are encouraged to focus on the 4 P’s of business. Product Price Place Promotion
Participants are encouraged to focus on the benefits rather than the features of the product/service.
Step 1: The 30-Second Commercial
Constructive feedback is given to participants on the basis of their presentations.
It may prove beneficial to video the presentations for later feedback. This should be done on the basis of access to the technology and participant needs.
Step 1: The 30-Second Commercial
The participants give a 3-minute business plan presentation consisting of the basics of their business.
Time each participant’s presentation. Participants are stopped exactly at 3 minutes.
The rubric for assessing the early presentation is also used in this format.
Step 2 – The 3-Minute Business Plan
Participants are encouraged to focus on the 4 P’s of business. Product Price Place Promotion
Participants are encouraged to focus on the benefits rather than the features of the product/service.
Carefully review each business plan to insure that the high points of each category are addressed. The business plan’s competitive advantage and
marketing plan should be addressed in this presentation.
Step 2 – The 3-Minute Business Plan
Constructive feedback is given to participants on the basis of their presentations.
It may prove beneficial to video the presentations for later feedback. This should be done on the basis of access to the technology and participant needs.
Step 2 – The 3-Minute Business Plan
The participants give a 7-minute business plan presentation offering greater detail.
Time each participant’s presentation. Participants are stopped exactly at 7 minutes.
The rubric for assessing the early presentation is also used in this format.
Step 3 – The 7-Minute Business Plan
Participants are encouraged to focus on the 4 P’s of business. Product Price Place Promotion
Carefully review each business plan to insure that the majority of information contained in the business plan is addressed to some extent. The business plan’s core information should include:
Competitive advantage Marketing plan Financial projections and return on investment Management of the company
Step 3 – The 7-Minute Business Plan
Constructive feedback is given to participants on the basis of their presentations.
It may prove beneficial to video the presentations for later feedback. This should be done on the basis of access to the technology and participant needs.
Step 3 – The 7-Minute Business Plan
Utilization of experts/mentors in Business Plan Review
The Small Business Development Center’s role
Key experts’ feedback verses general feedback
Funders as reviewers Others?
Seeking Feedback
Overview of the Training Program Day 2 – The Competitive Advantage
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Summary/Review
The Building Blocks of Business Types of Businesses Return on Investment Supply and Demand Innovation and Entrepreneurship Developing a Competitive Strategy Customer Service Civic Responsibility Business Plan Review 30-Second Elevator Pitch Assessment
Resources
Entrepreneurship – How to Start and Operate a Small Business, 10th Edition (2007)Steve Mariotti / National Foundation for Teaching
Entrepreneurship
Financial Fitness for Life – Teacher Guide, Grades 6-8Council on Economic Education