Southern Colonies

Colonizing Carolina

• Civil disrupted colonization in the 1640’s• King Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629;

Cromwell had him beheaded• Charles II reclaimed throne in 1660 new

colony named after him in 1670• Grew food for other colonies; settlers

immigrated from other colonies

Colonizing Carolina

• 1707 – Savannah Indians left for Pennsylvania to find better relations with the Quakers

• 1710 – coastal tribes were extinct• Rice emerges as export crop in Carolina• Premium prices were paid for West African

slaves needed for cultivation.• Charlestown become dominant southern

seaport

Colonizing Carolina

• Emergence of NC– Northern part of colony attracted religious

dissenters– Repelled by aristocracy of VA– “squatters” grew tobacco on farms w/o slave labor

• Distinctive traits– Poor, irreligious, hospitable to pirates– Isolated by geography: Outer Banks– Seperated from SC in 1712

Colonizing Carolina

• Constant clash with Indians– Battle the Tuscarrora in Newbern; enslaved

hundreds and left others to wander– South Carolina defeated Yamasee Indians – Inland tribes were more resistant: Iroquois, Creek,

and Cherokee continued to prosper

Georgia: The Buffer Colony

• Est. 1733; Savannah provided deep harbor• Two roles:– Served as buffer between Carolinas and Spanish

Florida, French Louisiana– Served as haven for debtors

• James Ogelthorpe: “Charity Colony”• Christian tolerance (except toward Catholics)

Plantation Colonies

• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

• Tobacco and rice• Difficult to establish churches and schools• Overworked soil drove colonists westward