SOUTHERN COLONIES Chapter 1 Lesson 4. Notes: Using your Chapter 3 Notes Paper- Only write was is in...
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Transcript of SOUTHERN COLONIES Chapter 1 Lesson 4. Notes: Using your Chapter 3 Notes Paper- Only write was is in...
SOUTHERN COLONIESChapter 1 Lesson 4
Notes:
Using your Chapter 3 Notes Paper- Only write was is in RED.
Virginia began to grow so it took a lot of difficult labor to
plant, tend, and harvest tobacco crops on which the
colony depended. Landowners met this need through the use of African
Slaves. The first group of 20 African Slaves arrived in 1619 on a Dutch vessel. Virginia’s
first Africans show that not all people came to the colonies
of their free will.
SOUTHERN COLONIES- VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND
England also shipped criminals and prisoners of war to the
colonies. They would then earn their release by working for a
period of time (about 7 years).
Many people came to America working without pay for a certain length of time in
exchange for their passage to America. These people were
called indentured servants. They worked as servants to pay
off their debt.
Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) wanted a safe place for his fellow
Catholics who faced persecution in England. Soon after receiving his land grant from King Charles I, he
died.
His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony and named it Maryland.
Cecilius then sent two of his brothers to start the colony in 1634.
He gave large estates to English aristocrats (upper-class people) and granted smaller land to settlers. As
the plantations grew, so did the need for workers. The colony
imported slaves and indentured workers.
For years the Calvert and Penn families argued over the boundary
between Maryland and Pennsylvania. In the 1760’s they hired Charles
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries and named it the
Mason-Dixon Line.
The Calvert's welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics. Protestants outnumbered the Catholics so to protect the Catholics the colony
started the Act of Toleration in 1649 to ensure Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely. By 1692 Maryland became a royal colony-
established in the Protestant church- so as a result Catholics faced similar restrictions as they did in England.
MARYLAND
As the colony grew, settlers ,moved West and onto Native American lands. In the
1640’s, in order to prevent war, governor William Berkley
made a pledge to Native Americans that in exchange for some land, he would agree to
stop settlers from pushing farther into their territory.
Many westerners were unhappy with this and some settled in forbidden areas.
They then blamed the government for not clearing
the colony of Native Americans.
VIRGINIA
Nathaniel Bacon was a young planter in western Virginia. He opposed the colonial government because it was dominated by
easterners. In 1676 he let attacks on Native American villages, led a march to
Jamestown to drive out Berkeley and burned the town to the ground. Bacon
seemed on the verge of taking over the colony, but he became ill and died.
With his death, the rebellion faded. England sent troops to restore order in
Berkeley. Bacon’s rebellion was IMPORTANT because it showed that the government can not ignore the people.
SOUTHERN COLONIES-CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA
In 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina ,Latin for “Charles
Land”. The king gave the colony to eight nobles who set up estates and
sold or rented land to settlers brought from England.
John Locke, English philosopher, wrote a constitution that outlined the jobs
and powers of the colony’s government. It covered land divisions
and social rank, “Every man has a property in his own person…The
labour of his body, and the work of his hands…are properly his.”
Both Carolinas (North and South) grew rice abundantly in the
1680’s. Growing rice requires a lot of labor- so they need for slaves
rose. Another important crop was Indigo. Eliza Lucas introduced
Indigo into the Carolina plantation system. Indigo is a blue flowering plant used to dye cloth.
By the early 1700’s Carolina’s settlers were growing tired of the proprietor rule. In 1719 settlers in
southern Carolina took control from proprietors. In 1729 Carolina became two royal colonies- North
and South Carolina.
CAROLINIAS
Carolina did not develop as planned. It split into northern
and southern Carolina. Farmers from inland Virginia settled in Northern Carolina. They grew tobacco and sold
timber and tar. Northern Carolina lacked a good harbor,
so farmers used Virginia’s ports.
Southern Carolina settlers took advantage of fertile land and the harbor at Charles Town
(later Charleston). Settlements spread there, and they traded deerskin, lumber, and beef.
Britain hoped Georgia would blockade Spanish attacks from Florida. Oglethorpe built forts
and towns in Savannah to discourage attacks.
(Charter-holder) James Oglethorpe set strict rules on landholding, slave labor,
and rum in Georgia.
This upset the colonists, so he gave in to their demands.
Georgia had a slowly growing economy, so Oglethorpe
returned Georgia to the king in 1751.
GEORGIA
1733 Georgia was the last of the 13 British
ColoniesJames Oglethorpe
received a charter from George II for colony
where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. In Britain,
debtors-those who had debts- would be
imprisoned if they didn’t pay what they
owed.
SALEM WITCH TRIAL
We learn through the Salem Witch Trials that
Society tends to create scapegoats for its problems. A Scapegoat is a person who is unfairly blamed for something that others
have done
Hundreds of girls were put on trial accused of being “Witches”. Instead of looking at the similarities between the girls (physical reactions,
geography, time, weather), and looking for a solution to the problem, the colonists took the easy way out and jumped on the Witch Wagon.
Salem Witch Trial
ASSIGNMENT: SOUTHERN COLONIES