Geography of South AsiaGeography of South Asia

Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and Pacific Ocean with two main parts; the mainland peninsula that Ocean with two main parts; the mainland peninsula that borders China to the north and India to the west and the borders China to the north and India to the west and the islands Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Most of the land is warm islands Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Most of the land is warm and humid with monsoon winds that bring long annual rain. and humid with monsoon winds that bring long annual rain. There was poor communication and travel between the There was poor communication and travel between the islands because of the seas and straits and valleys with islands because of the seas and straits and valleys with raised hills and mountains. They had control of trade routes raised hills and mountains. They had control of trade routes and harbors because powerful lords charged merchants high and harbors because powerful lords charged merchants high fees for using their ports, passing through their waterways, fees for using their ports, passing through their waterways, and/or protecting their ships from pirates. Southeast Asia and/or protecting their ships from pirates. Southeast Asia also lies on the most direct sea route between the Indian also lies on the most direct sea route between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea.Ocean and South China Sea.

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Influence of India and ChinaInfluence of India and China

When Indian merchant boats began arriving When Indian merchant boats began arriving in Southeast Asia, Hindu and Buddhist missionaries in Southeast Asia, Hindu and Buddhist missionaries spread their faiths to different regions and many spread their faiths to different regions and many people adapted the religion and political ideas of people adapted the religion and political ideas of Indians. People of Southeast Asia also adopted Indians. People of Southeast Asia also adopted Hindu practices, wrote poems in Sanskrit which was Hindu practices, wrote poems in Sanskrit which was an ancient Indian language. Migration and trade was an ancient Indian language. Migration and trade was used to spread Chinese ideas and culture southward used to spread Chinese ideas and culture southward Chinese also had a political influence through direct Chinese also had a political influence through direct rule or demanding tributes from local rulers.rule or demanding tributes from local rulers.

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The Khmer Empire was the main power on The Khmer Empire was the main power on Southeast Asia mainland. An early kind named Funan Southeast Asia mainland. An early kind named Funan dominated sea trade between India and China and Khmer dominated sea trade between India and China and Khmer reached a peak of power and had expanded their land to reached a peak of power and had expanded their land to an empire. Rice cultivation helped Khmer prosper. They an empire. Rice cultivation helped Khmer prosper. They built irrigation and waterway systems which increased the built irrigation and waterway systems which increased the crop production of an area in a year. The Angkor Wat was crop production of an area in a year. The Angkor Wat was also built which was a city-and-temple complex. It is one also built which was a city-and-temple complex. It is one of the world’s greatest architectural achievements. It is of the world’s greatest architectural achievements. It is built as a symbolic mountain dedicated to the Hindu god, built as a symbolic mountain dedicated to the Hindu god, Vishnu and also used as an observatory.Vishnu and also used as an observatory.

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Khmer EmpireKhmer Empire

Island Trading KingdomsIsland Trading KingdomsWhile the Khmer empire expanded on the southeastern Asian While the Khmer empire expanded on the southeastern Asian

mainland the Sailendra Dynasty arose to create an agricultural kingdom on mainland the Sailendra Dynasty arose to create an agricultural kingdom on the island of java. The Sailendra kings made one of the world’s greatest the island of java. The Sailendra kings made one of the world’s greatest

monuments, the Buddhist temple in Boroburdur in 800 and it reflects Indian monuments, the Buddhist temple in Boroburdur in 800 and it reflects Indian influences. A key feature of the temple was its nice terraced levels. Soon the influences. A key feature of the temple was its nice terraced levels. Soon the Sailendra would fall to the Srivijaya empire which would now have control of Sailendra would fall to the Srivijaya empire which would now have control of the powerful island. Srivijaya grew in power by taxing the trade through the the powerful island. Srivijaya grew in power by taxing the trade through the

waters that they controlled. At their capital of Palembang, Buddhism became waters that they controlled. At their capital of Palembang, Buddhism became a center of learning in Asia so monks did not have to travel all the way to a center of learning in Asia so monks did not have to travel all the way to

India to continue their prayers.India to continue their prayers.

VietnamVietnamThe Vietnamese country was least influenced by The Vietnamese country was least influenced by

Indian culture. Vietnam is located on the costal region Indian culture. Vietnam is located on the costal region south of China. It was taken control over by China south of China. It was taken control over by China

around 100 B.C. The Han Dynasty took control over around 100 B.C. The Han Dynasty took control over Northern Vietnam for 1000 years until the fall of the Northern Vietnam for 1000 years until the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 900 and became an independent Tang Dynasty in 900 and became an independent kingdom in 939. Chinese culture influenced the kingdom in 939. Chinese culture influenced the

country especially with Buddhism but the Vietnamese country especially with Buddhism but the Vietnamese preserved many of their own individual cultural preserved many of their own individual cultural

identity , for instance Vietnamese women had more identity , for instance Vietnamese women had more freedom than Chinese women. On the red river delta, freedom than Chinese women. On the red river delta, leaders of the Ly Dynasty established their capital of leaders of the Ly Dynasty established their capital of Hanoi. Slowly Vietnam began to conquer neighbors to Hanoi. Slowly Vietnam began to conquer neighbors to the south. Even when Mongols tried to conquer Hanoi the south. Even when Mongols tried to conquer Hanoi three times, Vietnam was always able to force them three times, Vietnam was always able to force them

out.out.

The establishment of Korea is based on a The establishment of Korea is based on a Korean and Chinese legend. The Korean one says it was Korean and Chinese legend. The Korean one says it was founded by a hero, and the Chinese says it was founded founded by a hero, and the Chinese says it was founded by the Shang Dynasty. Both stories reflect Korean by the Shang Dynasty. Both stories reflect Korean Culture. Korea, like many countries borrowed many ideas Culture. Korea, like many countries borrowed many ideas from China but also had their own traditions. from China but also had their own traditions. Korea is located on a peninsula right above china and left Korea is located on a peninsula right above china and left of Japan. The size of Korea is about the size of Utah. of Japan. The size of Korea is about the size of Utah. Korea’s weather is very hot in the summer, and very cold Korea’s weather is very hot in the summer, and very cold in the winter. Korea is a very mountainous land and only in the winter. Korea is a very mountainous land and only a portion can be farmed. Because of its mountain and the a portion can be farmed. Because of its mountain and the sea, Korea developed isolation from its northern sea, Korea developed isolation from its northern neighbors.neighbors.

Korea and its GeographyKorea and its Geography

EARLY KOREAN HISTORY Different clans or tribes controlled different parts of

the country. 108 B.C. Han Empire controlled different parts of the

country and established a military government. Learned about ideas such as Centralized government Buddhism Confucianism Styles of writing

During Han rule Various Korean tribes began to gather together in mid 600’s One of these kingdoms, Silla, defeated other kingdoms.

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EARLY KOREAN HISTORY CONT…

Under Silla Rule Koreans built Buddhist monasteries. Produced elegant stone and bronze sculptures. Developed a writing system that used Chinese

characters.

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THE KORYU DYNASTY

During the 10th century Silla rule began to weaken.

935 rebel officer names Wang Kon gained control of the country and became king.

Established a new dynasty, the Koryu dynasty, which lasted 4½ centuries (935 to 1392).

Modeled central government after Chinas. Established Confucian civil service

examination and because of this the society was soon divided between Landed aristocracy and the rest of the population

which included military, commoners and slaves.

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KORYU DYNASTY CONT…

In the 1100’s 1231 Mongols swept into Korea and demanded

tribute. Tribute included 20,000 horses, clothing for 1 million solders

and children and artisans to use as slaves

During this time the Koryu dynasty remained in power.

Mongol rule (1231-1350’s) 1392 scholar- officials and military rulers overthrew

Koryu Dynasty Established new dynasty- Choson (Yi) which ruled

for 518 years.

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KORYU CULTURE

Koryu artists produced celadon pottery Writers and scholars produced fine poetry Over 60 years printers carved thousands of

large wooded blocks for printing the entire canon of Buddhist scriptures.

The blocks were destroyed when the Mongols cam to power but were able to recreate more than 81,000 blocks in the new set which is still in Korea today.

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