SOUTH CAROLINA AND THE CIVIL WAR

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqvwqWkE5V0&feature=pyv&ad=3901115353&kw=civil%20war

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APTQPuaeCC8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTJeUw7frO8

CLASSES OF PEOPLE• 4 Classes of People

• 1. planters and traders

• Very rich

• Traded cotton and rice

• 2. independent farmers, lawyers, doctors, merchants

• Middle class

• Lived in comfort, but not rich

• 3. poor people

• Lower class

• Did the best they could

• 4. slaves

• Most worked on plantations

LIFE ON A PLANTATION

•Planter’s family

•Life of luxury

•Lived in the largest, best house on the land

•Overseer – a person who managed the workers (slaves)

LIFE ON A PLANTATION

LIFE ON A PLANTATION

• Slaves

•Worked long hours

•Wealth of planter depended on the slaves

• Slaves worked as:

• Lived in small, one-room cabins

•Carpenters•Blacksmiths•Cooks•Butlers

•Repairmen•Tending Crops

LIFE ON A SMALL FARM

•Yeomen Farmer – independent farmer who owned a small amount of land and worked it himself

•Most small farmers were NOT slave owners

•Some yeomen farmers were free blacks

LIFE IN THE CITY•Only 5 cities in SC with a population of 1,500 or more

• All different classes lived and worked in cities

• Rich Traders – lived in Charleston

• Planters – richest had homes in city as well as plantation

• Slaves were sometimes rented out to people in the city.

LIFE IN THE CITY•Traders and planters controlled the economy and had power in the government.

•Free Blacks – made a living as artisans

•Artisans – skilled workers such as tailors, barbers, butchers, bakers

CHILDREN IN THE 1800S

• Farmers’ Children – worked at home

• Boys on farms

• Learned to care for livestock, hunt, fish

• Learned to plant, care for, & harvest crops

• Boys in cities

• Learned a craft or the trade of their parents

CHILDREN IN THE 1800S

•Girls

•Learned to cook, sew, clean, and do laundry

•Learned to make butter, cloth, soap, and candles

•Learned to plant and care for a small garden

CHILDREN IN THE 1800S

• Elite White Children

• Taught at home by tutors

• Families with money sent teens to an academy

• College was started in Columbia

• South Carolina College

• Hoped it would unite people of SC

• Believed young men would become new leaders for the state.

COTTON AND SLAVERY• Cotton Gin

• Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

• Before this cotton had to be cleaned by hand – slow and costly

• Gin cleans cotton balls of their seeds quickly and easily

• Cotton became a leading crop in the state

• Soon more than half the people in SC were slaves

ELI WHITNEY THE COTTON GIN

COTTON AND SLAVERY

SLAVERY ON A PLANTATION

• Slaves were considered property, like cows or horses

• Some owners took good care of their slaves, but others mistreated or abused theirs

• Slave families could be separated – sold to different people

• Most common punishment was a severe beating with a horse whip

• SC had the highest percentage of slave owners in the nation

CONFLICT OVER SLAVERY

• Abolitionists – people who worked to abolish, or end, slavery

• Sarah and Angelina Grimke – abolitionists from Charleston

• Underground Railroad – secret routes slaves used to escape to the North and Canada

• States were fighting over whether new states to the Union should be slave states or free states and about whether escaped slaves should be returned to their owners.

CONFLICT OVER SLAVERY• Northern States – Free States

• Southern States – Slave States

• John C. Calhoun – supported states’ rights

• Believed that each state should have the right to make its own decisions

• To settle the conflict; Congress passed the Compromise of 1850

• California became a free state

• Fugitive Slave Law Passed

• North would have to return slaves to the South

• Didn’t last very long!!

CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR

• 1. States’ Rights

• South believed that each state should be able to make their own decisions

• 2. Economics

• North made money from factories

• South made money from farming

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GL1Lj09f3xk

CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR

• 3. Taxes

• Congress decided to pass a tax on imports

• North wanted a high tax so their factory products would cost less than products from other countries

• South wanted a lower tax because a higher tax would make it more difficult for them to trade their crops for the goods they needed.

CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR• 4. Slavery

• North

• Didn’t understand slavery

• Thought slavery was wrong

• Wanted to get rid of slavery

• South

• Felt they had to have slavery

• Thought the states had the right to decide for themselves about slavery

SECESSION• 1860 – Abraham Lincoln became president

• He didn’t support slavery or states’ rights

• Southerners were afraid he would get rid of slavery

• SC decided to secede from the United States and start a new country

• Secession Convention met in Columbia then moved to Charleston to discuss the idea of leaving the United States.

SECESSION• December 20, 1860 –

• All members of convention voted to secede

• Other states followed –

• They became the Confederate States of America

• Lincoln stated that no state was allowed to secede from the United States once they had joined.

• This led to the war!

TWO SIDES OF WAR

United States (Union)

• North

• No Slavery

• High Import Tax

• Government rights

• President: Abraham Lincoln

• Leader of Army: Ulysses S. Grant

• Other Leader: William T. Sherman

• Strengths: larger army, factories, railroads

Confederate States (Confederacy)

• South

• Had Slavery

• Low Import Tax

• States’ Rights

• President: Jefferson Davis

• Leader of Army: Robert E. Lee

• Other Leader: Wade Hampton

• Strengths: took place in south; they knew the land

CONFEDERATE FLAG

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AO_vlmbd72o (confederate song)

WAR BEGINS• Fort Sumter – Charleston, SC

• April 12, 1861

• Confederates ordered Union troops to leave

• Union refused

• Confederates fired cannons

• Fighting lasted a day and a half

• Union finally surrendered.

• These were the first shots of the Civil War

UNION BLOCKADE• Union sent ships to block the coast of the

Confederacy

• Stopped goods, weapons, supplies, and people from getting into or out of the south

• Blockade runners – merchant ships who tried to get through the blockade

• Robert Smalls – famous African American blockade runner

• HL Hunley – first submarine

• Hope for it was to help break up the blockade.

SHERMAN’S MARCH

• War destroyed much of the south

• General William T. Sherman led a march across GA, SC, and NC

• On Feb. 1, 1865 Sherman and his army entered SC

• South Carolinians thought he would go to Charleston so many fled to Columbia

• Sherman went straight to Columbia burning many things in his path

SHERMAN’S MARCH

• A fire started in Columbia when he got there.

• No one knows who started it or how it started

• Some think Sherman started it to burn Columbia

• Others think Confederates started it so Sherman wouldn’t get their supplies.

• 6 bronze stars on the state house are from where cannon fire hit the building during this march.

COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL

WAR

WAR ENDS• Union took Charleston

• They bombed railroads and railroad tracks to stop the south from getting supplies

• April 9, 1865

• General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia

• The war was over

• Confederate States became part of the US again

• Slavery was abolished (ended)

• The 13th amendment to the Constitution