Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations The Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca.
South America Civilizations, Inca
-
Upload
reina-anne-jayme -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
description
Transcript of South America Civilizations, Inca
South America Civilizations
Incan Empire
Geography of South America The Andes mountains
have several impacts on life in S. America. Provide large amounts
rainfall to the west (Westward Side of Mountains).
Provide very little rainfall to the east (Leeward Side of Mountains.)
Provides somewhat defensible barrier.
Geography Cont… Look at the western portion of South
America. This region receives very little rainfall.
Early South American Civilizations Chavin
900-200 BC Moche
400 BC- 600 AD Nazca
200 BC- 600 AD Nazca Lines
Background of the Incas Empire extended
along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands. Consisted of modern
Chile & Peru.
Inca originated in village of Paqari-tampu, about 15mi south of Cuzco
Official language: Quecha
The Incan Empire Rapid expansion occurred from
the 1400’s to 1500’s. Pachacuti- (died 1471) he
was the Incan leader from 1438 to 1471.
With the help of his son, Topa Inca, he extended the Incan empire through the use of military force and political alliances.
See the different stages of expansion under each ruler.
Incan Government At the height of the empire in the 1500’s…
Had a population of 12 Million People.
Common people paid a labor tax, or mita. Women could weave cloth to pay this. Men could work on government owned farms, mines, or help
build roads.
A quipa (set of colored and knotted cords) helped keep a system of record keeping. >> Can’t read or translate records. Tax Records Quantities of livestock Census…population data.
Incan Government cont… Capital City: Cuzco (1438)
When the Incan conquered new villages they had a system of forced resettlement for old local leaders, and instead would empower new leaders loyal to the Inca Empire.
Had a road system but it was only used by government officials or military. Private Property was forbidden Citizens taken care of by the empire Crime is almost nonexistent.
Incan Economy “There were no
merchants or markets as we know them in the Incan Empire.” Government controlled
all goods The government would
distribute goods to all the citizens.
Extra food or goods were stored away for times of need.
Economic Developments
1. Constructed aquaducts, cities, temples, fortresses, short rock tunnels, suspension bridges, 2250mi road system
2. Metal works of alloy, copper, tin, bronze, silver, & gold3. Developed important medical practices- surgery on
human skull, anesthesia4. Resources- corn, potatoes, coffee, grain5. Created woven baskets, woodwinds
Incan Religion Polytheistic religion
Inti-the sun god is the main figure worshipped.
People pray to the gods because they were seen to control nature.
Things offered to the Gods. food, clothing, and drink
Rituals included forms of: Divination “prediction”, Sacrifice of humans and animals
Incan Society Ayllu was a cooperative community
consisting of several families. 10 Ayllus needs one chief
Classes Upper Class:
King, Government Officials, & Priests Lower Class:
Farmers, Artisans, & Servants No Slaves in Incan Society
Incan Achievements Architecture & Building
Temples, forts, and roads Incans were skilled builders. Even today it’s nearly
impossible to slip a knife blade between building stones. Arts
Metalworking Intricate ornaments of gold and silver.
Very few pieces left today because of the Spanish Conquistadors.
Weaving Different patterns for different levels of society. You
could tell who was is a certain class based on what they wore.
Factors of Decline The Inca Empire lasted only about a 100
years.
1. (1532) Spanish Arrival in Peru
2. Internal Conflicts
3. Disease
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!