South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the...

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South Africa

Transcript of South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the...

Page 1: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

South Africa

Page 2: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Geography• South Africa is at

the tip of the African Continent

• It is nearly twice the size of Texas

• It’s so close to the South Pole that penguins spend the winter there

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Page 3: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

ClimateSA’s climate includes:• The Namib Desert • Tropical areas • lush farmland• A Mediterranean coast• The Karoo• The Drakensberg

Mountains• Temperatures are mild

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Page 4: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

• South Africa has two major cities – Cape Town in the West and Johannesburg/Pretoria in the East.

• Pretoria is the Capital of South Africa

• Cape Town is a major tourist city and Jo’Burg is the major industrial center

• Many smaller towns are located along the coast

• SA surrounds two countries: Lesotho and Swaziland

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Page 5: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

South Africa Facts• SA‘s population is 47 million

people• SA currency is called the Rand• It has 9 provinces• SA’s president is Thabo Mbeki• SA is a democracy with a

bicameral parliament• SA has 11 official languages• SA is a major producer of fruits,

corn, cattle, gold, and the world’s biggest diamond exporter

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Page 6: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Indigenous PeoplesSouth Africa is home to 9 major ethnic groups of

indigenous peoples

1. The Xhosa2. The Zulu 3. The Khoi-San4. The Sotho5. The Pedi6. The Ndebele7. The Swazi8. The Venda9. The Tsonga

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Page 7: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

• An Ndebele Woman

• A Xhosa boy at initiation

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Page 8: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

South African History

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Page 9: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Early Times• Bantu Migration• Hunter-

gatherers, pastoralists, & farmers

• Shaka Zulu

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Page 10: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Once upon a time…• South Africa wasn’t a country… or a colony…

but simply the southern part of Africa.• BUT- then Europeans came to southern Africa

on their way to the East Indies (Indonesia) and India.

• Why were they going to the Indies??…to trade goods and spices!

• This was the fastest way since there was NO Suez Canal yet!

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Page 11: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 12: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Discovery & Importance• Bartholomew Dias

• Mercantilism (export more than you import)

• The Dutch East India Company

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•Dutch traders on their way to the East Indies needed a place to stop for supplies.•The BEST place was the southern tip of Africa.•In 1652, the Dutch East India Company was settled in the area.

–In the Cape Colony

However, The people living there were called Boers (meaning “farmer” in Dutch)

Page 13: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The Cape under Dutch Rule• 1652 a way station was established at

the Cape of Good Hope for the VOC by Jan van Riebeeck

• The Khoi Khoi• Sailors, Settlers, and Slaves

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Page 14: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The English &&the Afrikaners

• The British seized Cape Town in 1797 & in 1805, it became the Cape Colony

• The Dutch settlers had come to see themselves as Afrikaners, not Dutch, and now spoke a dialect of Dutch called Afrikaans

• The Afrikaners resented and disliked the British

• Afrikaners generally fell into two groups: Wealthy merchants and farmers and poor farmers (subsistence) called the Boers

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There is a little more to the story…

Page 15: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The British Take Over!

• In 1785, English soldiers seized the Cape Colony to protect the British shipping route to India.

• After the 1820s, more and more British came to find gold and diamonds.

• Boers called them the “uitlanders” which meant “outlanders”

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Page 16: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The Great Trek• Many Boers became dissatisfied with British rule in

the 1830s and decided to move north.• They founded two republics between the Limpopo

and Orange Rivers- – The Transvaal– Free State of Orange

• Some also moved eastward into the Natal region- but the Zulu people were already there.

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Page 17: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 18: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Boer War• Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes (British) wanted to take control of the Boer states.

– Really wanted the land- AND RESOURCES.• In 1895, he provoked the “utilanders” to attack the

Dutch Boer states• His plan failed in a major way- the Brits weren’t

able to accomplish anything- and he was forced to resign.

•But, things were just getting started…

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Page 19: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

• In 1899, Britain started a war with the Boers.

• The Boer War is remembered as the bloodiest battle in African history.

• Some European nations, including the Netherlands, supported the Boers- so they war lasted until 1902.

• When the British finally won, the region became known as the Union of South Africa.

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Page 20: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

• 1934- South Africa joined the British Commonwealth

• European descendants controlled most of the country– Owned all nation’s land, industries– British descendants controlled the economy.– Dutch/Boer descendants (also called

Afrikaners) held all political power

Page 21: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Kimberley &The Witwatersrand

• Diamonds 1867 • Gold 1886• Immigration• Slavery & Labor

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Page 22: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Colonial Africa

• In the late 1800’s European Countries began to colonize Africa

• The Scramble• The Plan• The Reality

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Page 23: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Cecil Rhodes• Born in England 1853,

he moved to SA as a teen because he was sickly

• To Kimberley in 1871• De Beers – in his life,

he controlled 90% of the world’s diamonds

• Politics• Rhodesia

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Page 24: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The Beginnings of Apartheid

White SettlersLand:• BantustansLabor:• Pass Laws• UrbanizationNative Education• Missionaries

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Page 25: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

What is Apartheid?• Means “apart-ness” in

Afrikaans• Definition- a policy of

Segregation and political/economic discrimination against non-Europeans in South Africa

• Apartheid’s roots go as far back as 1652

• It was designed in 1917 by Jan Smuts, the Africaner Prime Minister of South Africa

• It was legalized in 1948

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Page 26: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Complexities of Apartheid

• Apartheid was more than just race

• Gender• Strict Hierarchy• Only White men

could vote & own Property

• Systematic Disadvantage

• Afrikaner Men• English Men • Afrikaner Women• English Women• Other Europeans/

honorary Whites• Asians• Coloreds (people of

mixed racial heritage)

• Africans

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Page 27: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Social Grouping• In 1948 (right after the end of WWII), the South African

government grouped people into 3 groups:– Black

• Native Africans– White

• European descendants– Colored

• Mixed race people and Asians

Page 28: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Human Rights Violation

• South Africa used these 3 categories to give out benefits.

• It officially denied most blacks of decent housing, education, and health facilities.

• This policy is called apartheid.

• How does apartheid compare to segregation in America?

• Why is this considered a human rights violation?

Page 29: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

So, what happened?• Armed movements fought apartheid for the next 45

years.

• International community opposed apartheid too.

• South Africa became isolated from the rest of the world, but apartheid continued on.

• Isolation made life very hard for the people of South Africa.

Page 30: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Life for Africans during Apartheid

• Extreme poverty and unemployment

• Urbanization & Townships• Gangs and Violence

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Page 31: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 32: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 33: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 34: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 35: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 36: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The Struggle Against Apartheid

• Riots• The

Sharpeville Massacre (1960)

• The Rise of the ANC

                                                                      

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Page 37: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Soweto Uprising

Page 38: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The ANC & UDF• The African

National Congress• Nelson Mandela• The Spear of the

Nation• For the rights of

Africans• The ANC goes

underground• Imprisoned 1961

• The United Democratic Front

• Non-Racial• UDF Unites,

Apartheid Divides• 1983

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Page 39: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Fighters• Nelson Mandela was a major fighter against

apartheid.

• He led the African National Congress (ANC)

• He was eventually sentenced to life in prison for his anti-apartheid activities.

• For 27 years, Nelson Mandela waited in prison while his fellow South Africans fought for his freedom.

• He was finally released on February 11, 1990.

Page 40: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 41: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 42: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 43: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 44: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 45: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

The End of Apartheid• Apartheid ended in

1994Why did it end?• International Pressure• The End of the Cold

War

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Page 46: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

• Mandela’s release in 1990 from prison marked the “beginning of the end” of apartheid.

•But the first election that allowed both blacks and whites wasn’t until 1994.

Page 47: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Mandela was elected President of South Africa

in 1994.

• This signified the first multi-racial government.

Page 48: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.
Page 49: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

After Apartheid• First Democratic

Elections• Mandela President• The Truth &

Reconciliation Commission

• Desmond Tutu

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Page 50: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

Truth and Reconciliation Committee

• Appointed by Mandela

• 1995

• Headed by Bishop Desmond Tutu

• Bring abuses of apartheid to light

Page 51: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

New Government, New Constitution

• 1996- people approve new constitution

• Becomes law in a 3 year period

• 2nd elections in 1999- ANC won again by a landslide

Page 52: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

South Africa Today

• Tourism & Wildlife• District Six Museum• New Challenges• Economic

disparity/Poverty• HIV

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Page 53: South Africa. Geography South Africa is at the tip of the African Continent It is nearly twice the size of Texas It’s so close to the South Pole that.

And the remnants today…

• 60% unemployment rate

• Now have a quota system

• What is this program similar to in America?

• BONUS POINTS for you! Affirmative Action!

• Segregation and apartheid are engrained into the culture.

• Violence sometimes a problem when people become frustrated with the slow-to-change government.

• AIDS just adds to their despair– Highest caseload in the world.

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