Sound-Spelling Cards (Large) Nn...Sound Spelling-Card Contents Card# Featured Sound 1 Aa /a/ as in...

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A

ISBN: 978-0-07-676809-7MHID: 0-07-676809-0

Printed in Mexico

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DRN 20 19 18 17 16 15

Sound-SpellingCards (Large)

tree

e_e ea eee _y

_ie_ _ey

Nn

nest

nkn_ gn

Grades K-6

Sound-Spelling Cards will help students identify, remember,

pronounce, and spell the sounds of the English Language. The

set contains 47 full-color cards for the most frequently taught sounds

in preschool and elementary school programs.

Sound-Spelling Cards

USER’S GUIDE

How to Use the Large Sound-Spelling CardsShow the front of the card to the students. Pronounce the featured sound. Then say the name of the image. Point out the variations in the spelling of the sound. When the letter in the yellow box is red, it indicates a vowel sound. A dash indicates that the sound occurs only at the end of a word or syllable, or as part of another spelling pattern.

As the students study the front of the cards, read aloud the Action Script, the Articulation, and Words for Oral Practice.

These Sound-Spelling cards should be displayed around the classroom as a wall frieze.

The FRONT of the Sound-Spelling Cards

Familiar Image

Spelling Variations

On the front of each card is a featured sound, a familiar image and spelling variations of the sound. These sounds may be vowels, consonants, digraphs (letter combinations that stand for one sound, such as /th/), diphthongs (sounds made up of two vowels sounds, such as /ou/), or variant vowels (sounds such as r-controlled /är/ or /ô/).

English/Spanish Transfer SkillsThe dotted borders on cards denote sounds which transfer directly into Spanish, while the solid borders on the cards denote those sounds which do not transfer.

Sound Spelling-Card ContentsCard# Featured Sound

1 Aa /a/ as in apple2 Bb /b/ as in bat3 Cc /k/ as in camel4 Dd /d/ as in dolphin5 Ee /e/ as in egg6 Ff /f/ as in fire7 Gg /g/ as in guitar8 Hh /h/ as in hippo9 Ii /i/ as in insect10 Jj /j/ as in jump11 Kk /k/ as in koala12 Ll /l/ as in lemon13 Mm /m/ as in map14 Nn /n/ as in nest15 Oo /o/ as in octopus16 Pp /p/ as in piano17 Qq /kw/ as in queen18 Rs /r/ as in rose19 Ss /s/ as in sun20 Tt /t/ as in turtle21 Uu /u/ as in umbrella22 Vv /v/ as in volcano23 Ww /w/ as in window24 Xx /ks/ as in box

Card# Featured Sound25 Yy /y/ as in yo-yo26 Zz /z/ as in zipper27 /th/ as in thumb

/th/ as in that28 /sh/ as in shell29 /ch/ as in cheese30 /hw/ as in whale31 /ng/ as in sing32 /ā/ as in train33 /ī/ as in five34 /ō/ as in boat35 /ū/ as in cube36 /ē/ as in tree37 /är/ as in star38 /ûr/ as in shirt39 /ôr/ as in corn40 /ou/ as in cow41 /oi/ as in boy42 / / as in book43 / / as in spoon44 /ô/ as in straw45 /âr/ as in chair46 /ll as in llave 47 ñ/ as in niña

The BACK of the Sound-Spelling Cards

Action Script

Articulation

Variations in Languages

Small Group Word Lists

Action ScriptThe Action Script text is to be read aloud. Combining the pronunciation of the featured sound with an action and an image reinforce identifying and remembering the sound. These scripts are to be used in small group instruction for students needing extra support.

ArticulationThe teacher should read the Description of the Sound. The How to Make the Sound sentences should be read aloud to students. Details for the position of the lips, tongue, teeth, and the use of breath and vocal cords are provided in “kid-friendly” language.

Variations in LanguagesLanguages which don’t use the featured sound are listed here. This will be useful for teaching students whose first or home language is not English.

Small Group Word ListsWords are listed here which contain the featured sound-spellings. Words for Oral Practice have the featured sound in the initial, medial, and final position, where applicable. Read these words aloud and have the students repeat them. Use these words for phonemic awareness activities. They can also be used for word-building and decoding exercises with small groups.

Aa

apple

a

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Action Script Articulation English Learners

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Words for Oral PracticeInitial Position Medial Position

addafteramandantappleasaskat

badbagbankcampcancatdaddampfanfastgap

grabgrasshandhashatjamlamplastmapmatnap

packpanpatransadsandsattagtapvanzap

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Cantonese, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for the /a/ sound. Spanish-speaking students may pronounce it like the a in father.

Description of Sound The sound of /a/ in apple is called short a. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used when making the short a sound. The tongue is behind the lower teeth and the sound is made at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Put your tongue behind your bottom teeth. With your mouth wide open, smile a little. Now, use your voice to say /a/. Put your fingers on your throat. You can feel the sound.

The letter a stands for the /a/ sound, as in apple. Let’s pretend to open our mouths wide, so we can bite into a juicy, sweet apple. Say “/a/ /a/ apple. [munch] We bite into our apple.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter a stands for /a/.

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bat

b

Bb

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Words for Oral PracticeInitial Position Final Position

babybackbagballbasebeambedbellbestbebeginbig

billbitbikebitebonebossboxbothboybusbuy

cabcribcubgrabjabjobknoblabribrubsob

subtubweb


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, Cantonese, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /b/. In Spanish it is pronounced similarly to /v/.

Description of Sound The sound of /b/ in bat is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make this sound. The air that you breathe out is stopped for a moment before it is suddenly pushed through the lips.

How to Make Sound With your lips together, push a little air behind them. Let the air push through as you open your mouth. Your throat will vibrate, or hum. Put your hand on your throat. Can you feel it?

The letter b stands for the /b/ sound, as in bat or ball. Now get ready to bounce a ball. Hold it in your hand, then let it hit the floor. Bounce it fast and slow “/b/ /b/ /b/ bounce the ball.” This action will remind you that the letter b stands for /b/.

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camel

c ck k

Cc

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Words for Oral PracticeInitial Position Final position

cabcallcapcancanecarcatcauseclapcleanclipclock

cloudclosetclowncluecoalcoatcodecoilcoincookcolorcone

coolcopycostcowcrabcribcrowdcrycupcutcute

backlockneckpickquickrockstick

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for /k/.

Description of Sound The sound of /k/ in camel is called hard c. It is a consonant which sounds like the /k/ in kite. The sound is made at the back of the mouth, without using the voice. The breath is stopped just before making the sound.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth. Put your tongue against the back and top of your mouth. Hold you breath. Now, let a little air out as you lower your tongue.

The letter c stands for the hard c, or /k/ sound. Pretend to take a picture of the camel with a camera [click!]. Say “/k/ /k/ /k/ camel. Click the camera at the camel.” Remember clicking the camera at the camel to learn that hard c stands for /k/.

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dolphin

d_ed

Dd

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4



daddaydeepdiddiskdivedodolldoordowndrydust

addandbadbedbendbirdcarddidfedfeedfloodglad

hadheadhidkidledlidloudmadmindmudnodpad

paidredrodsadsaid

The letter d stands for the /d/ sound as in dolphin or in the word dance. Let’s dance around the desk. You can dance to a slow or fast beat. Ready? Say “/d/ /d/ /d/ dance. Dance around the desk.” Learn this action for the /d/ sound to remember that the letter d stands for /d/.

Description of Sound The sound of /d/ in dolphin is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /d/ sound. The tongue is behind the top, front teeth and the sound is made as the breath is suddenly released.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Put the front of your tongue just behind your top front teeth. Now, use your voice and flick your tongue down to say /d/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /d/.

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egg

Eeeea

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edgeefforteggemptyendentereverexit

bedbeltcentdeafdentdeskfedfellgetheadhelpjet

leglendlessletmenmetnecknetpenpestpetred

rentrestsentsetthentenwebwentwestwet


The letter e stands for the /e/ sound as in egg or in the word engine. Pretend you are in a car. The engine will start soon. The grownup turns the key and “/e/ /e/ /e/ /e/ /e/ engine. The engine starts slowly.” This action will help us to remember that the letter e stands for /e/.

Description of Sound The sound of /e/ in egg is called short e. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used when making the short e sound. The tongue is in the middle of the mouth and lips are relaxed.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Start with your tongue in the middle of your mouth. Now, use your voice and just let your jaw move down a bit as you say /e/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /e/.

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fire

fph

Ff

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Ala

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fanfacefadefairfallfanfarfastfedfeedfell

finfindfinefirefirstfistfitfoodfoolfoxfor

fortfoundfullfunfur

briefcalfdeafgolfhalfifoffproofroofselfshelf

thiefwolf


The letter f stands for the /f/ sound, as in fire or fan. This fire is hot. We want to cool down. So, turn on the fan. Say “/f/ /f/ /f/ /f/ /f/ /f/ /f/ /f/ fan. Feel the breeze.” This action will help us to remember that the letter f stands for /f/.

Description of Sound The sound /f/ in fire is a voiceless consonant. The sound is made as air is pushed through the bottom teeth and the upper lip. The voice is not used to make the /f/ sound.

How to Make Sound Put your top front teeth on your lower lip. Don’t use your voice. Push air through your teeth. Hold your hand in front of your mouth as you practice. Can you feel the air?

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /f/.

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guitar

g

Gg

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gapgamegategetgiftgigglegladglidegluegogoodguess

bagbragbigbugdigdogdugdrageggflagfogfrog

hugjuglegmugpigplugragrugsagtagwagwig


The letter g stands for the /g/ sound as in guitar, or grape. Are you thirsty? Pretend to hold a glass of grape juice, and get ready to drink. Say “/g/ /g/ /g/ /g/ /g/ gulp the grape juice. Good!” This action will help us to remember that the letter g stands for /g/.

Description of Sound The sound of /g/ in guitar is called hard g. It is a voiced consonant. The sound is made at the back of the mouth. The breath is held in the throat, then pushes past the tongue.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Hold the back of your tongue on the top of your mouth, near your throat. Use your voice, and push your tongue forward a little. Place your hand on your throat. Can you feel your throat move?

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, Cantonese, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for /g/.

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Hh

hippo

h_

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Words for Oral PracticeInitial Position

hadhairhalfhandhappyhardhatheheadheelhelp

henherhillhikehimhiphirehishisshippohit

hiveholdholehomehoneyhookhoophophopehornhorse

hosehothourhousehowhowlhughugehumhunthurt


The letter h stands for the /h/ sound as in hippo. This hippo has a huge mouth. Pretend that the hippo can laugh out loud. Say “/h/ /h/ hippo. Here’s a happy hippo, ha ha ha!” Recalling this will scene will help us remember that the letter h stands for /h/.

Description of Sound The sound of /h/ in hippo is a voiceless consonant. The voice is not used to make the /h/ sound. Air is forced up the throat and through the opened mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth. Keep your tongue on the bottom of your mouth. Breathe out a puff of air. Hold your hand in front of your mouth. Can you feel the air?

Variations in Languages In some languages, like Haitian Creole, there is no direct sound transfer for the /h/ sound.

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Ii

insect

i

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ifignoreininchinkinsectintoisit

bigbitclipdiddigfistfitgriphimhiphis

hitkitlidliplistlitmissmixpigpinpit

ridrimrisksinksipsitthinthistiptripwin


The letter i stands for the /i/ sound as in insect. Some people think that this insect is beautiful. Some think that it is icky! Point to the insect and say “/i/ /i/ /i/ icky, icky insect!.” This action will help us remember that the letter i stands for /i/.

Description of Sound The sound of /i/ in insect is called short i. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make the short i sound. The tongue is held in the upper part of the mouth, and the sound is made at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a bit. The corners of your mouth should move back a little. Now, flatten your tongue and move it up and forward. Use your voice to say /i/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /i/. Spanish-speaking students will want to pronounce i as /e

_/.

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jump

Jjj dgege gi_

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jacketjadejamJanuaryJapanjarjawjeepjellyjetjewel

jigjigsawjinglejobjogjoinjokejollyjotjoyjudge

jugjugglejuiceJulyjumbleJunejunglejunkjumpjust


The letter j stands for the /j/ sound as in jump. Let’s stand up and give ourselves room to jump. Say “/j/ /j/ /j/ jump! [jump]. We jump and say /j/.” This action will help us remember that the letter j stands for /j/.

Description of Sound The sound of /j/ in jump is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /j/ sound. The sound is made as air pushes over the tongue along the top of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Put your tongue on the top of your mouth, close to your front teeth. Now, open your mouth a bit and push your lips out a little. Use your voice and move your tongue down. You should feel a little puff of air move over your tongue.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /j/. In Spanish, j is pronounced similarly to /h/.

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koala

c k ck

Kk

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kangarookeepkeptkeykickkidkinkindkingkisskitekitten

askbackbankblackblockbookclockcookdeskdockduckhook

inklinklocklookmarkmaskneckoakpackpickpinkquick

riskrocksicksticktalkwalkwinkwork


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for /k/.

The letter k stands for the /k/ sound as in koala. This koala is so cute! Let’s pretend to blow a kiss to the koala. Say “/k/ /k/ kiss the koala.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter k stands for /k/.

Description of Sound The sound of /k/ in koala is an unvoiced consonant. The sound is made at the back of the mouth. The voice is not used. The sound is made as air pushes over the tongue.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth. Put your tongue on the top of your mouth, toward the back. Let a puff of air out as you lower your tongue. Hold your hand up to your mouth. Do you feel the puff of air?

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lemon

l_le

Ll

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laplayletleafliplistlielimelotlookloan

allballbellboilcalldolldrillfallfellgirlhall

hillilljailmailmealnailoilpailpullrailsell

smellsnailtailtalltelltrailwallwellwillyell


Variations in Languages In most Asian languages there is no direct sound transfer for the /l/.

Description of Sound The sound of /l/ in lemon is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /l/ sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth. Air moves past the tongue and through both sides of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth. Put just the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth, just behind your teeth. Use your voice. Let the air pass by both sides of your tongue. Hold your hand in front of your mouth. Can your feel the air on both sides?

The letter l stands for the /l/ sound as in lemon. Is a lemon too sour? How about a lemon lollipop? Pretend to hold a lollipop. Get your tongue ready and Say “/l/ /l/ /l/ llllllllick the lemon lollipop.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter l stands for /l/.

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map

m

MmOREGON

CALIFORNIA

NEVADA

ARIZONA

NEWMEXICO

TEXAS

OKLAHOMA

KANSAS

NEBRASKA

WYOMINGIDAHO

WASHINGTON

UTAHCOLORADO

SOUTHDAKOTA

NORTHDAKOTA MINNESOTA

WISCONSIN

IOWA

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

LOUISIANA

MISSISSIPPI

ALABAMAGEORGIA

FLORIDA

SOUTHCAROLINA

NORTHCAROLINA

VIRGINIA

WESTVIRGINIA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEW YORK

MAINEVERMONT

NEWHAMPSHIRE

MASSACHUSETTS

RHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUT

NEW JERSEY

DELAWAREMARYLANDILLINOIS

INDIANA

KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

OHIO

MONTANA MIC H I G

AN

WASHINGTON D.C.

CANADA

MEXICO300 miles0 150

N

E

S

W

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manmainmetmeetminemissmoremovemugmustmulemy

aimamarmbrimclamdimdreamdrumfilmgemharmhim

jammomplumramrimroomseemslamslimsteamstemsum

teamtrimwormzoom

The letter m stands for the /m/ sound as in map. Look at the map. Where do you live? Point to where you live. Say “/m/ /m/ /m/ map. /m/ /m/ /m/ me [point] Me on the map...” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter m stands for /m/.

Description of Sound The sound of /m/ in map is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /m/ sound. The lips are closed and air goes through the nose.

How to Make Sound Put your lips together. Keep your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Now, use your voice to make a humming sound. If you pinch your nose closed, the sound will stop!

Variations in Languages The /m/ sound transfers directly into Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Hmong, Korean, Spanish, and Vietnamese.

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nest

nkn_ gn

Nn

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napnamenetneednewniceninenonodnonenotnow

anbeanbincandenfinfanfungreengrinhenin

manmenmoonnoonpanpainpinplanqueenranrainrun

suntanteenthinthentonvanwinwon


Variations in Languages The /n/ sound transfers directly into Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Hmong, Korean, Spanish, and Vietnamese.

Description of Sound The sound of /n/ in nest is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /n/ sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth, and air goes through the nose.

How to Make Sound Put your lips apart just a little bit. Push your tongue behind your top teeth. Use your voice and let the air go out through your nose. If you pinch your nose the /n/ sound will stop!

The letter n stands for the /n/ sound, as in nest. The nest is a nice home for those blue eggs, but they are fragile. Don’t touch. Shake your head and say “/n/ /n/ /n/ no no no, don’t touch the nest.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter n stands for /n/.

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octopus

Ooo

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octagonoctopusoddoliveonontootterox

blockboxclockdockdotdropflockfoxgothop

hotknobknotknocklocklotmommopnodnot

poppocketrockrocketrotsockspotstoptop


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Hmong, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for the /o/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /o/ in octopus is called short o. It is a vowel sound. The vocal cords vibrate when making the short o sound. The tongue is low in the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth and make your lips look like a circle. Put your tongue on the bottom of your mouth. Use your voice to say /o/. You should make the sound in the back of your mouth. Place your fingers on your throat. Can your feel the sound?

The letter o stands for the /o/ sound as in octopus. You have to open your mouth wide to say it, just like when you visit the doctor. Here’s the doctor, open your mouth for a long time to say /ooooooooooo/. Recalling this image will help us remember that the letter o stands for /o/.

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tock

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piano

p

Pp

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Action Script Articulation English LearnersDescription of Sound The sound of /p/ in piano is a voiceless consonant. The voice is not used to make the /p/ sound. The sound is made when air pushes through closed lips.

How to Make Sound Press your lips together. Keep your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Don’t use your voice. Force a little air against the back of your lips. Let the air build up until it pushes out between your lips.

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patpaypastepenpeelpinpiepodpoorpolepruneput

beepcupclapclipdeepdipdripdropflapflipgapgrip

hiphoplapkeeplipmapmopnappopripscoopsip

slapsliptaptraptripupzapzip

The letter p stands for the /p/ sound as in piano. After the piano lesson, it’s time for a popcorn snack. Make some fresh popcorn. Say “/p/ /p/ /p/ /p/ /p/ [pop, pop, pop,] popcorn pops on the pot.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter p stands for /p/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for /p/.

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queen

Qqqu_

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quackquailquakequalityquantityquarterqueenquestquestionquick

quicklyquietquietlyquillquiltquitquitterquitequizquote

aquariumequalequatesequelsqueezetranquil

The letters qu stand for the /kw/ sounds as in queen. Let’s be quiet for the queen. She does not want to be disturbed! Hold your finger up to your lips. Feel them move as you say softly, “/kw/ /kw/ /kw/ quiet for the queen.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters qu stand for /kw/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for the /kw/ sounds.

Description of Sound The /kw/ sounds in queen are a combination of the sounds /k/ and /w/. The voice is not used to make the sounds. The sounds begin at the back of the mouth and move forwards.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Put your tongue on the top of your mouth, toward the back. Let a puff of air out as you lower your tongue. As your tongue moves down, push your lips out and open your mouth wider.

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rose

rwr_

Rr

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rainratrayredrealridriprightriperoad

rockroserunruin

cardeerearfourfurhearherjarlairliar

loremorenearnorpearrareroarsoarstarsteer


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for the /r/ sound. In several languages the sound is created with a rapid roll of the tongue, and may not be voiced.

Description of Sound The sound of /r/ in rose is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the r sound. The sound is made at the roof of the mouth, and the tongue controls the flow of air.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Move your tongue to the back of your mouth. Put the tip of your tongue close to, but not touching, the top of your mouth. Use your voice, and let air move over the top of your tongue.

The letter r stands for the /r/ sound as in rose. Racecars can be as red as roses. Listen to the cars roar around the track. Say /rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr/, roaring red racecars. Learning this action will help us remember that the letter r stands for /r/.

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sun

sce ci_

Ss

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sadsamesatseesendsetsitsideso

somesoonsun

acrossbassbuscasechessclassdressflossgas

glassgrassguesshisskisslesslossmessmiss

mosspasspluspressthistossusyes


The letter s stands for the /s/ sound as in sun or snake. The snake wakes with the sun and starts to hiss. Say “/sssssssss/ hear the snake hissing?” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter s stands for /s/.

Description of Sound The sound of /s/ in sun is a voiceless consonant. The voice is not used to make the /s/ sound. The sound is made at a small opening at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Keep your top and bottom teeth close together. Your lips should be open a little bit. Now, put your tongue just behind your front teeth. Force air through your teeth. Hold your hand up close to your mouth. You should feel a little air coming out.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong there is no direct sound transfer for the /s/ sound.

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turtle

t_ed

Tt

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tagtaketalktestteamtiptietoadtoptubetugturn

atbatbitbutcutdentdirtdoteateightexitfit

gethothititletlotmatneatnutoatpatpit

potputquitratrootsatsitspotthatwetwhatyet


The letter t stands for the /t/ sound, as in turtle. The turtle moves so slowly and quietly. The clock ticks as it moves along. Sway back and forth slowly and say “/t/ /t/ /t/ /t/ tick tock tick tock turtle.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter t stands for /t/.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Vietnamese and Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for the /t/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /t/ in turtle is a voiceless consonant. The voice is not used to make the /t/ sound. The sound is made when the tongue lets out a puff of air at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Put the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Don’t use your voice. Flick your tongue forward and push out a little air. If you put your hand in front of your mouth, you should feel a quick puff of air.

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umbrella

u

Uu

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ckbyt

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un

chSto

ck

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umbrellauglyuncleunderundountilupupperupsetus

bugbuscupcutdrumduckdugdulldustfull

fungumgrumpyhughumhutjumpjustlumpmug

mustmuttnutrugrunrustsumsuntubtug


The letter u stands for the /u/ sound as in umbrella. Let’s pretend to open an umbrella and hold it overhead. Say “/u/ /u/ /u/ up, up, umbrella.” [Open it up.] Learning this action will help us remember that the letter u stands for /u/.

Description of Sound The sound /u/ in umbrella is called short u. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make this sound. The sound is made with a relaxed mouth and lips. The tongue is held in the middle of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth just a little and keep it very relaxed. Keep your tongue in the middle of your mouth. Use your voice to make the /u/ sound. Place your hand on your throat. You should feel the sound.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for /u/.

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volcano

v

Vv

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vacationvanvaluevanillavasevestveryvetvideoviewvinevisit

voicevote

believebravecavecravedivedovedrivedroveevefivegavegive

glovegrave grovehavehiveleavelivelovemoveolivepavesave

stove waveweave


The letter v stands for the /v/ sound, as in volcano. Volcanoes erupt with a loud sound. Hold your arms up in a v shape. Say “/v/ /v/ /v/ volcano. [vvvvvvvoooom!]” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter v stands for /v/.

Description of Sound The sound of /v/ in volcano is a voiced consonant. The vocal cords vibrate to make the /v/ sound. The sound is made as air is forced through a very narrow opening between the teeth and lips.

How to Make Sound Put your top front teeth on your lower lip. Keep your tongue down. Now, let a little air build up behind your teeth. Use your voice, and let the air push out your lower lip.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Cantonese, Korean and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /v/ sound. For Spanish students, the sound will be similar to the pronunciation of the letter b.

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window

w_

Ww

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waitwalkwakewantwarwaswastewaterwavewaywewearweb

weekweepwellwentwerewestwetwidewifewidewifewigwill

winwindowwirewisewishwithwolfwonwonderwoodwoolword


The letter w stands for the /w/ sound as in window. Let’s pretend to wash the window. Move your hand up and down, tracing the w shape in the air. Say “/w/ /w/ /w/ window. We wash and wipe the window.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter w stands for /w/.

Description of Sound The sound of /w/ in window is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /w/ sound. The sound is made through moving lips.

How to Make Sound Push out your lips. They should be very close together, but not touching. Then, as you use your voice, open your mouth. The corners of your mouth should move back a little, too.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong and Vietnamese, there is no direct sound transfer.

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box

x

Xx

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Words for Oral PracticeMedial Position Final Position

boxerfixermaximumMexicomixeroxensaxophonesixty

taxiTexaswaxy

axboxdeluxefixfoxhoaxMaxmix

ox sixtaxwax


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese, Vietnamese and Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ks/ sound.

The letter x stands for the /ks/ sounds as in box. A box arrives for you. Let’s open it with scissors. Pretend to use scissors and say “/ks/ /ks/ /ks/ open the box.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter x stands for /ks/.

Description of Sound The sounds of /ks/ in box are voiceless. X is two sounds combined. The voice is not used to make the /ks/ sounds.

How to Make Sound Begin with the /k/ sound. Open your mouth a little. Put your tongue on the top of your mouth, toward the back. Let a puff of air out as you lower your tongue. Then, move your top and bottom teeth close together, and put your tongue just behind your front teeth. Force air through your teeth, and finish with the /s/ sound. Can you combine /k/ and /s/ sounds to make the /ks/ sounds?

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yo-yo

y_

Yy

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yakyamyardyarnyawnyearyell

yellowyesyesterdayyetyo-yoyogayolk

youyouryourselfyoungyouthyuckyummy

The letter y stands for the /y/ sound as in yo-yo. Let’s pretend to spin a yo-yo. Put the loop over your finger. Hold your hand flat and move it up and down. Say “/y/ /y/ /y/ /y/ yo-yo.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter y stands for /y/.

Description of Sound The sound of /y/ in yo-yo is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /y/ sound. The sound is made at the roof of the mouth as air flows out.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Press your tongue to the top of your mouth. The sides of your tongue should touch your upper teeth. The tip of your tongue should point down. Now, as you use your voice make your tongue come down.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Vietnamese, there is no direct sound transfer for /y/.

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zipper

z_s

Zz

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Words for Oral PracticeInitial Position Medial Position Final Position

zapzebrazerozigzagzipzipperzonezoozoom

breezycozycrazydozenfrozengazinggrazinghazylazyrazorbreeze

dazefreezegazegrazehazemazeprizequizsizesneezesqueeze

The letter z stands for the /z/ sound as in zipper. Let’s pretend to zip and unzip our jackets. Move the zipper up and down. Say “/z/ /z/ zip the zipper. [zzzzzz zip up- zzzzzz zip down]” Learning this action will help us remember that the letter z stands for /z/.

Description of Sound The sound of /z/ in zipper is a voiced consonant. The voice is used to make the /z/ sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth, with air escaping a narrow opening of the teeth and lips.

How to Make Sound Move your teeth close together. Your lips should be open just a little. Place your tongue just behind your front teeth. Use your voice and push air out between your teeth.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Hmong, Cantonese, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for /z/.

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thumb

th

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thanthatthethemthisthose

thankthinthingthinkthumb

eitherfatherfeathermotherotherweather

bathclothfourthhealthmathmouth

northpathsouthtoothwith


The letters th stand for the the /th/ sound as in thumb. Hold out your thumb. Say “/th/ /th/ /th/ this thing is the thumb”. Now when you see your thumb you will remember that the letters th stand for /th/.

Description of Sound The sound of /th/ in thumb is called a digraph. The two letters represent one sound. The voice may or may not be used when making the /th/ sound, as the letters th stand for two different sounds. The sound is made at the front of the mouth. The air pushes through a narrow opening between the teeth and lips.

How to Make Sound Move your upper and lower teeth close together. Place the tip of your tongue in between your front teeth. Force a little air through your teeth. You may or may not use your voice, depending on the word.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese and Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for the /th/ sound. There is an approximate transfer for Spanish and Vietnamese.

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shell

sh

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shakesharkshapeshaveshellsheshineshirt

shopshouldshortshouldshoveshovelshowshy

ashbrushcashcrashdashdishflashfresh

hushmashpushrushtrashwashwish


The letters sh stand for the /sh/ sound, as in shell. Pretend to hold a shell up to your ear. According to folklore, you can hear the ocean. Say “/sh/ /sh/ shell. Hear the ocean in the shell.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters sh stands for /sh/.

Description of Sound The sound of /sh/ in shell is a digraph. The two letters represent one sound. The voice is not used to make the /sh/ sound. This sound is made a moves along the roof of the mouth and out between the teeth.

How to Make Sound Put your teeth close together. Push out you lips a little. The sides of your tongue should touch your side teeth. Now, force some air through your teeth.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, and Cantonese, there is no direct sound transfer for the /sh/ sound.

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cheese

chtch

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chaincharcoalchasechatcheatcheerchewchimes

chimpchinchiselchocolatechoicechoosechumchunk

archbranchclenchFrenchinchitchlaunchlunchmunch

porchpunchranchrichsuchstitchwhichwrench

The letters ch stand for the /ch/ sound, as in cheese. Do you like pizza, or maybe cheese and crackers? Say “/ch/ /ch/ cheese. [chomp] We bite into some cheese.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters ch stands for /ch/.

Description of Sound The sound of /ch/ in cheese is a digraph. The two letters represent one sound. The voice is not used to make the /ch/ sound. The sound is made as air is pushed along the roof of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Put the tip tongue on the roof of your mouth. It should be just behind your front teeth. Stick out your lips a bit. Force out a little air and pull your tongue down and away from your teeth.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Vietnamese and Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ch/ sound.

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whale

wh_

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whalewhatwhateverwheatwheelwhen

wherewhichwhilewhinewhirwhirl

whiskerwhisperwhistle,whitewhoopwhy

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, Cantonese, Korean and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /hw/ sound.

The letters wh stand for the /hw/ sound, as in whale. Whales spout air and water when they breathe. Pretend to spout like a whale. Say “/hw/ /hw/ /hw/ whale. Whoosh!” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters wh stand for /hw/.

Description of Sound The sound of /hw/ in whale is a digraph. The two letters represent one sound. The voice is not used to make the /hw/ sound. The sound is made as air moves along the roof of the mouth and passes through a small opening between the lips.

How to Make Sound Put your front teeth close together. Stick out your lips to make a small circle. The sides of your tongue should touch your side teeth. Force some air over your tongue. Then, open your mouth to finish the /hw/ sound.

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sing

ng

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Words for Oral PracticeFinal Position

bangbeingbringceilingclingfangganghang

icingkinglonglungping-pongringrungsing

songspringstringthingwingwrong


The letters ng stand for the /ng/ sound, as in sing. What’s your favorite song? You can hum a little bit of it. Then say “/ng/ /ng/ sing. Sing a song.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters ng stand for /ng/.

Description of Sound The sound of /ng/ in sing is called a digraph. The two letters represent one sound. The voice is not used to make the /ng/ sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth, and air goes out through the nose.

How to Make Sound Open your lips a little. Put the middle of your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Use your voice and let your breath go out through your nose. If you pinch you nose closed, the sound will stop.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Hmong, and Haitian Creole, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ng/ sound.

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train

a ai_ _aya_ e ea ei

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Action Script Articulation English LearnersDescription of Sound The sound of /a–/ in train is called long a. The letter says its name. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make the long a sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth, with the tongue in the middle position.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth wide. Hold your tongue about halfway up to the roof of your mouth. Use your voice and pull back the corners of your mouth a little.

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ableageaimate

basecavedatefamegatenameraintape

claydaygrayhaymaysaystayway


The /a–/ sound in train is the long a sound. Pretend that you are a train conductor and the train is coming into the station. Say “/a–/ /a–/ make way for the train!” Remembering this will help you learn the /a–/ sound.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese, Vietnamese and Hmong, there is an approximate sound transfer for the /a–/.

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five

i y i_eigh ie

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II’miceislanditemivy

bikeclimbcrimedimedrivefineglidehidekite

lightnineslicespidertighttonight

liepietiehighbydrysighmytry


The sound of / / in five is the long i sound. We can count to five with the fingers on one hand. Say “/ / / / / / / / / / five. [look at fingers] I see five.” Learning this action will help us remember the / / sound.

Description of Sound The sound of / /in five is called long i. It is a vowel sound. The voi ce is used to make the long i sound. The sound is made by raising the middle of the tongue up and forward in the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Start with your tongue in a low position in your mouth. Use your voice, and move your tongue up and forward. Pull back the corners of your mouth a bit as you finish this sound.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese, there is no direct sound transfer for the long i sound. Spanish-speaking students may pronounce it like the word: ay (ouch), in Spanish.

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boat

o oa owo_e _oe

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oakoatmealoceanoldonlyopenover

boastbrokencoaldonategoathopejokelocate

rosesoaptoastvote

gonosodoetoelowmowsnow


Description of Sound The sound of /o/ in boat is called long o. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make the long o sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little, and push out your lips. Keep your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Use your voice and move your lips forward slightly. Your lips should come closer together and look more rounded.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong and Cantonese, there is no direct sound transfer for the long o sound.

The sound of /o/ in boat is the long o sound. Let’s pretend to row a boat. As you pull your arms back, say “

stroke, stroke. We row our boat.” Learning this action will help us remember the /o/ sound.

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cube

u u_e_ew _ue

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unicycleuniformunifyuniteuniverseuseusefulusualUtah

buglecubefuturehugehumanhumidluremusicpupil

arguecluecuefewgluenewvaluereviewstewview


The /u–/ sound in cube is the long u sound. Let’s pretend to hold a smooth, cube in our hand. Say “/u–/ /u–/ cube. View the smooth cube”. This will help us remember the /u–/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /u–/ in cube is called long u. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make the long u sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth. The lips are pushed out and the tongue is held high in the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little and push your lips forward. Start with your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Use your voice. Move your tongue toward the roof of your mouth.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for the long u sound.

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tree

e_e ea eee _y

_ie_ _ey

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eacheagereasteateelejectelectequal

deepheremeterpiecepleasereachseektheme

alleyanybeefreehappykeymemonkeyseeshetreewe


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese, there is an approximate sound transfer for the /e–/ sound.

The /e–/ sound in tree is the long e sound. Pretend that there is a big tree in the distance. Now, point and say “/e–/ /e–/ I see the tree.” This little rhyme will help you remember the /e–/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /e–/ in tree is called long e. It is a vowel sound. The voice is used to make the long e sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Move the corners of your mouth back, as if you were going to smile. Your top and bottom teeth should be close but not touching. Hold your tongue near the roof of your mouth and use your voice to make the long e sound.

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star

ar

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archarcherarguearmarmadilloarmorarmyartarticleartist

barncarddartfarmharmmarketpartstarstart

carfarjarradarscarstar


The /är/ sounds in star are an r-controlled vowel sound. Let’s hold up the star above our heads. Say “/är/ /är/ star, far away star.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters ar stand for /är/.

Description of Sound The /är/ sounds in star are called an r-controlled vowel. The voice is used make this sound. The lips are wide open and the sound is made in the back of the of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth wide. Begin with your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. As you use your voice, move your tongue toward the back of your mouth. Your mouth will close a little bit.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /är/ sounds.

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shirt

er irur or

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burstcertaincircledirtduringfernfirmfirstgirlhurt

jurynervenurseserveshirtswirlturnversewormworse

angeranswerbitterbutterdangereditorfurherletter

motheroversirstirundervisitorwhisper

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Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Korean and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ûr/ sounds.

The /ûr/ sounds in shirt are an r-controlled vowel sound. This bright red shirt is too big. You need to return it to the store. Say “/ûr/ /ûr/ shirt. Return the shirt.” Recalling this will help us remember the /ûr/ sounds.

Description of Sound The /ûr/ sounds in shirt are an r-controlled vowel. The voice is used make this sound. The sound is made at the back of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Hold your tongue near the back of the roof of your mouth. The sides of your tongue should touch the inside of your top teeth. Use your voice and let air move across the top of your tongue.

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corn

oar or ore

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acornadorebornboredcorecorndorm

formfortglorymorningnorthstoryyourself

adorebeforeboarcoreforloremore

noroarpourroarstoreworeyour


Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ôr/ sounds.

The /ôr/ sounds in corn are an r-controlled vowel sound. Let’s pretend to round our mouths a little so we can fit a single kernel of corn past our lips. Say “/ôr/ /ôr/ corn.” This will help us remember that the letters or stand for /ôr/.

Description of Sound The sounds of /ôr/ in corn are an r-controlled vowel. The voice is used to make this sound. The /ôr/ sounds are made at the back of the mouth as air is forced through a round, narrow opening of the mouth and lips.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth slightly. Round your lips and stick them out a little. Place your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Use your voice and raise the middle of your tongue upward, to make the or sound.

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cow

owou

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ouchouroutoutdoorsowl

aboutbouncebrowncouchdownfoundfrowngowngroundgrowl

howlmousenounpouncepowersoundsourtowertownvowel

allowbowcowhownowvowwow

The /ou/ sound as in cow is a diphthong. The sound glides or moves in the mouth. Pretend that you found a cow in your classroom. Say “/ou/ /ou/ cow. We found a cow.” Seeing this image will remind us of the /ou/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /ou/ in cow is a diphthong. The voice is used to make the /ou/ sound.

How to Make Sound Move your tongue downward. Open your mouth wide, pulling back the corners of your lips. Start with your mouth wide open. Start with your tongue in the bottom of your mouth. Use your voice. Slowly make your mouth less open and push out your lips. Your tongue will move up and back to make the /ou/ sound.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ow/ sound.

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boy

oi_oy

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boilboycoilcoinfoiljoinloyalmoistnoise

pointroyalsoilsoybeanspoilvoice

annoyboydecoydestroyenjoyjoysoilsoytoy

The sound of /oi/ in boy is called a diphthong. Take a look at the boy on the card What’s his name? Roy. Say “/oi/ /oi/ that boy is Roy.” Recalling his name will help us to remember that the letters oy stand for /oi/.

Description of Sound The sound of oy in boy is called a diphthong. The voice is used to make the oy sound. The sound moves from the middle of the mouth to the front.

How to Make Sound Push out your lips a little. They should make a round shape. Now, use your voice. Move your tongue from the middle of the back of your mouth toward the front. As you finish the sound, your lips should make a little smile.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Hmong, there is no direct sound transfer for /oi/.

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book

oo

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Words for Oral PracticeMedial Position

bookbrookcookcrookedfootfootball

goodhoodhooklookshooksoot

stoodtookwoodwool


The letters oo stand for the / / sound, as in book. Let’s pretend to open the book and look inside. Say “/ / / / book. Look in the book.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters oo stand for / /.

Description of Sound The sound of / / in book is called short oo. It is a vowel sound and the voice is used. To make the / / sound, the lips are rounded, and the back of the tongue is held high in the mouth.

How to Make Sound Push out your lips a little. They should make a round shape. Move the back of your tongue toward the back of your mouth. Use your voice to make the oo sound. Touch your throat. Can you feel your voice making the sound?

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Haitian Creole, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /oo/ sound.

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spoon

oo u_e u_ew ueou _ui_

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boomcooldoomdroolfoodfoolgroovehooploopplume

poolmoonmovenoonpoolroomruleschoolsoonsoup

suitstoolstooptooth

boobluechewcluedrewduegluegrewigloomoo

tootruethrough


The letters oo stand for the long / / sound, as in spoon. Let’s pretend to eat some soup from a spoon. Round your lips, hold up the spoon to your mouth . Say “/ / / / spoon. [sip] We sip soup from our spoon.” Learning this action will help us remember that the letters oo stand for / /.

Description of Sound The sound of / / in spoon is called long oo. The voice is used to make this sound. The sound is made at the front of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little, push your lips out. They should form a small circle. Keep your tongue high in your mouth. Use your voice and let the air pass over your tongue. Put your hand in front of your face. Can you feel the air? Now touch your throat. You can feel it there, too.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Cantonese and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for long / / sound.

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straw

a aw auaugh al

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alwaysAugustauthorawesomeawfulawkward

becausecausecaughtdaughterdawnfaulthauntlawnpausetalkwalk

clawdrawjawlawpawrawsawstraw


The letters aw stand for the /ô/ sound, as in straw. Pretend to hold a glass of juice. Take a sip through the straw. Say “/ô/ /ô/ straw, Awesome!” Learning this action will help us remember the /ô/ sound.

Description of Sound The sound of /ô/ in straw is called variant vowel sound. It is similar to the short o vowel sound. The voice is used to make this sound in the middle of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth wide. Push your lips forward just a little bit. Hold you tongue in the middle of your mouth. Use your voice to make the aw sound.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish and Korean, there is no direct sound transfer for the /ô/ sound.

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chair

air areear ere

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carefuldailydaringhairyprimaryscarystairway

bareblarecarechaircomparedarefairglarehairlairpear

rarerepairsharescaresquarestareteartheirtherewearwhere


The letters air stand for the /âr/ sound, as in chair. This chair has no cushions; it is bare. Say “/âr/ /âr/ bare chair.” Recalling this image will help us remember that the letters air stand for /âr/.

Description of Sound The sound of /âr/ in chair is an r-controlled vowel. The three letters represent one sound. The voice is used to make the air sound. It is made at the back of the mouth.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth. Move the front of your tongue forward and up against the roof of your mouth. Now bring back the corners of your lips. Use your voice and move your tongue back just a little.

Variations in Languages In some languages, including Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Cantonese, Haitian Creole, Korean, and Khmer, there is no direct sound transfer for the /âr/ sound.

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llave

lly_

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llamadallamarllanollantollenarllevarllorolluvia

caballerocalleellagallinamejillasollovo

The letter ll stands for the /ll/ sound as in the word llave. It is similar to the /y/ sound as in the English word yes. Pretend to look for a key in your pocket, now wipe away a tear and say “/ll/ /ll/llave. Ella olvidó la llave y por eso llora.” (She forgot her key and so she cries.) Learning this action will help us remember that the letter ll stands for /ll/.

Description of Sound The sound of /ll/ in llave is a voiced consonant in Spanish. The sound is made in the back of the mouth, as air moves over the tongue.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Raise your tongue close to the roof of your mouth so that it is just behind your top teeth. Now, use your voice and let air move through the small space over your tongue.

Variations in Languages In Spanish there are two letters which have the /ll/ sound. These letters are ll as in llave and y as in yaguar. In English the /ll/ sound does not exist.

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niña

ñ

Ñ

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Words for Oral PracticeMedial Position

niñapiñacañonseñormañoso

mañanabañardueñosueñoapaño


The letter ñ stands for the /ñ/ sound as in the word niña. Pretend to hold a handkerchief in front of your face and say /ñ/ /ñ/ niña. ‘La niña pequeña se ocultó la cara con el pañuelo’. (The little girl hides her face with a handkerchief.) Learning this action will help us remember that the letter ñ stands for /ñ/.

Description of Sound The sound of /ñ/ in niña is a voiced consonant in Spanish. It is similar to a combination on the /n/ and /y/ sounds in English. The sound is made by forcing air through the nose.

How to Make Sound Open your mouth a little. Press your tongue to the roof of your mouth so that it stops air from leaving your mouth. Now, use your voice and let air move through your nose. To finish the sound you need to push your tongue forward a little, just before pronouncing the next vowel in the word.

Variations in Languages In English, the letter ñ does not exist, but the /ñ/ sound is similar to the sounds in the words canyon, onion, and union.

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Sound-Spelling Cards (Large) Nn...Sound Spelling-Card Contents Card# Featured Sound 1 Aa /a/ as in...

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Transcript of Sound-Spelling Cards (Large) Nn...Sound Spelling-Card Contents Card# Featured Sound 1 Aa /a/ as in...