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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

kritika

Tbilisi

2015

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UDK(uak) 22.09(051.2)k-847

redaqtori manana kvaWantiraZe

saredaqcio sabWo:

lali avalianiTeimuraz doiaSviliTamaz vasaZeani kldiaSvililela oCiauriirma ratianimaka joxaZe

garekanis dizaini:

soso tabucaZe

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi,merab kostavas q. # 5tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinstituti@yahoo.com

ISSN 0206-5746

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T v a l s a z r i s i

gia arganaSvili

naTesavi qarTvelTa

naTesavi warvals da naTesavi

movals, da queyana ukunisamde hgies.

eklesiaste

mokle mimoxilva

„naTesavi qarTvelTa“ vrceli mxatvrul-dokumenturi esea, romelSic ganxilulia qarTvelTa Soris naTesauri urTierToba uZvelesi droidan dRemde. naSromSi vecnobiT ojaxis warmomavlobas, struqturas, mis dRevandel saxes. aseve qalisa da mamakacis socialur funqciebs, statusebs sxvadasxva poziciaze, rogoric aris papa, bebia, deda, mama, da, Zma, coli,qmari da a.S. analizi eyrdnoba miTologiur, fol-klorul, mxatvrul da istoriul masalebs, e.w. mxatvrul dokuments, rac mTlian masalas erTgvarad enciklopediur xasiaTs aZlevs.

winamdebare werilSi, aRniSnuli teqstidan gamokrebili masalebis mixedviT, mkiTxveli gaecnoba qarTveli qalis socialur geneziss sxvadaxva istoriul epoqaSi.

„vidre TiToeuli (qarTveli) qali sakuTar

TavSi, upirvelesad, colsa da dedas ar Searigebs,

manamde am qveyanaSi mSvidoba ar damyardeba~

(feisbuqis statusi).

qarTveli qalis mxatvruli saxe Tavdapirvelad miTo-logiaSi gamoCnda. es iyo TavisTavadi xasiaTi Sesabamisi eT-nofsiqologiiT da sxva ganmasxvavebeli niSnebiT. gaCnda, rogorc lamazi da Wkviani individi, mamis saxlis mSveneba da

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axali ojaxis, axali fuZe-keriis Semqmneli. gaCnda, rogorc axali konfliqtebis da, aqedan gamomdinare, literaturuli avantiuris pirveli da aucilebeli mizezi.

es qali garkveuli socialuri institutis sazRvrebSi mudmivad icvleboda: miTologiidan folklorSi, folklo-ridan ki literaturaSi gadadioda, ganicdida epoqaTa da saukuneebis gavlenas da TviTonac aireklavda umniSvnelo-vanes istoriul, globalur an socialur movlenebs.

Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze qals ojaxSi an ojaxis gareT SeiZleba ramdenime pozicia ekavos. maT Soris: colis, dedis, dis, dedamTilis, sidedris, Sinaberas, sayvarlis, qvrivis da a.S. TiToeuli maTganis xasiaTi dakavSirebulia cxovrebis garkveul wessa da valdebulebebTan. am socialur pozicias Cven statuss vuwodebT. qals SeiZleba hqondes mravali sta-tusi, magram maTgan erTi sxvebze met mniSvnelobas iZens da cxovrebis ama Tu im etapze mis sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas gansazRvravs.

saintereso ki is aris, rom yvela am statusis mqone, pi-robiTad, erTi qalia da swored statusebis urTierTsawi-naaRmdego xasiaTi xdeba misi Sinagani konfliqtebis mizezi. cxovrebaSi qali upirispirdeba sakuTar Tavs, ufro sworad ki coli „ebrZvis“ dedas, dedamTili – rZals, rZali – muls, qvrivi – sayvarels, sayvareli – cols da a. S. yvela es kon-fliqti ki asaxvas hpovebs miTologiaSi, literaturasa da folklorSi.

aqve unda vTqvaT, rom Zveli qarTuli literatura da folklori ase gamokveTilad, problemis doneze mxolod rZal-dedamTilianis Temas icnobs. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia be-sik gabaSvilis satirul-iumoristuli poema „rZal-dedam-Tiliani“. Tanamedrove literatura ki socialur Tematikas umetesad gverds uvlis (misTvis ufro egzistencialisturi problematikis kvlevaa damaxasiaTebeli). amitom qalis Tema da masTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva sakiTxi, Cveulebriv, dramatul epizodebSi, ojaxur konfliqtebSia saZebni.

ukanasknel wlebSi CvenSi qalTa uflebebis dacvis para-lelurad, misi istoriuli funqciis gansazRvris da amis-

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Tvis tradiciuli ojaxis struqturis, misi sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis Seswavlis aucileblobac dgeba. calke kvlevas iTxovs qalis roli da misi cvlileba sxvadaxva kulturul, istoriul Tu socialur-ekonomikuri wyobis pirobebSi.

amasTanave, vidre am sakiTxebis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, winaswar unda ganvsazRvroT xedvis kuTxe, unda gaviTvalis-winoT, rom sazogadoebaSi yovelTvis orgvari tipis cno-biereba moqmedebs da movlenebis an personaJebis qcevis Sesa-faseblad orive maTganis gaTvaliswinebaa aucilebeli.

aq saubaria individualur da koleqtiur azrovnebaze. isini radikalurad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. individu-aluri cnobiereba Tavisi xasiaTiT ufro kategoriulia da Se-fasebis dros ufro maRal standarts moiTxovs, koleqtiuri cnobiereba ki adamianis bunebiT Tvisebebs eyrdnoba (ar vgu-lisxmob, rom individualuri cnobiereba yovelTvis ufro metad moraluria, radgan Zalian xSirad zneobis tradici-uli normebis sadarajoze Cven swored sazogadoebas vxedavT).

ra Tqma unda, es Zalze zedapiruli axsnaa, radgan, Tun-dac mxolod koleqtiuri cnobierebis daaxloebiT 100-mde ganmarteba arsebobs. is Tavis droze cnobili frangi soci-ologis emil durkheimis mier gansazRvruli iqna, rogorc rwmenaTa da cnebaTa krebuli, romelic saerToa sazogado-ebis saSualo wevrisaTvis. aseTi cnobiereba yvelaze Zlieria meqanikuri solidarobis principis pirobebSi, sadac adami-anis Semecnebasa da qcevas religiuri da tradiciuli xer-xebi gansazRvravs. koleqtiuri cnobiereba sazogadoebis warmodgenebs yovelTvis individualurze win ayenebs. ganvi-Tarebul sazogadoebaSi sazogadoebriv cnobierebas safuZ-vlad udevs ara koleqtiuri, aramed ufro diferencirebuli individualuri Semecneba, romelic konkretuli pirobebi-dan gamomdinare, garkveul moralur normebSia moqceuli.

RirebulebaTa Sefasebis zedapirul doneze individu-alur da koleqtiur cnobierebAaTYaA dapirispirebis Tvalsa-Cino suraTs qalisadmi damokidebulebis orgvari magaliTi – klasikuri da xalxuri Semoqmedis sxvadasxvagvari xedvis martivi SedarebiTi analizic iZleva:

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„SenTan yofniTac gamaZRo,

SenTan woliT da ZiliTa“.

(xalxuri)

„oi, ra lamazebi xarT,

yanav da qalav uCemod“.

(omar Turmanauli)

koleqtiur cnobierebas ar SeuZlia silamazis, rogorc TavisTavadi esTetikuri Rirebulebis aRqma. is yvelafers mesakuTris poziciidan afasebs. aseTi gancda mxolod indi-vidualuri SemoqmedisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. koleqtiuri cnobiereba am simaRleze verasodes ava.

aqve SegviZlia gavixsenoT vaJa-fSavelas („Cemi vedreba“) moraluri maqsima: “cxvardve mamyofe iseva, oRond amcil-des mgeloba..“ da darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom uaxloesi as-wleulis manZilze mainc, xalxi orientirad am moralur kodeqss ver gaixdis. marTalia, aRtacebaSic mova pirovne-bis amgvari qceviT, magram TviTon arasdros Seecdeba Aam si-maRlemde asvlas. verc leqsi gaxalxurdeba (radgan is ver gamoxatavs xalxis gulisTqmas)... da Tu mainc gadaecema is STamomavlobas(mxolod werilobiT formiT), mainc aras-dros dakargavs individualobis niSans, rac mas yovelTvis gamoarCevs folklorisgan.

rogorc vnaxeT, sazogadoebis ganviTarebac sxva arafe-ria, Tu ara am cnobierebidan gamomdinare Sexedulebebsa da cxovrebis sxvadasxva wess Soris Widili. koleqtiuri cnobiereba da Sesabamisad, xalxis cxovrebac erT adgilze gaiyineboda, Jamidan Jamze individualuri cnobiereba rom ar erTvebodes masTan kamaTSi da miuxedavad mwvave dapi-rispirebisa, garkveuli cvlilebebi rom ar Sehqondes mis azrovnebaSi.

am dapirispirebas cxovrebis yvela sferoSi vawydebiT. amisTvis ojaxuri garemo mainc saukeTeso sarbielia. Cven axla ganvixilavT didi da patara ojaxebis Widils. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom TiToeuli maTgani qalis neba-surviliT iqmneba da misive xeliT ingreva.

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ojaxi

„vai, ojaxo, kargo ojaxo...“ giorgi erisTavi

ojaxi mcire socialuri jgufia („ojaxi“ Turquli sity-vaa. Zvel saqarTveloSi mis nacvlad sxvadasxva termini „sax-li“ da „komli“ gamoiyeneboda). mis socialur aucileblobas sazogadoebis fizikuri da socialuri ganaxlebis moTxov-nileba ganapirobebs. Tanamedrove mecniereba monogamuri ojaxis ganviTarebaSi patriarqalur da egalitarul (Ta-nasworTa) socialur formebs gamoyofs. isini (mecnierebi) didi ojaxebis mSoblebisa da Svilebisagan Semdgar patara atomarul ojaxebad daSlas kapitalizmis ganviTarebas ukavSireben.

sinamdvileSi ki es procesebi aTaswleulebi grZeldeba. msoflios mraval qveyanaSi (maT Soris, saqarTveloSi) didma ojaxebma mecxramete saukunemde moaRwia. amas Tavisi ekono-mikuri safuZveli hqonda. amasTanave, patriarqaluri ojaxi Tavisi bunebiT antisaxemwifoebrivi warmonaqmnia da susti saxelmwifoebrivi struqturebis pirobebSic is arsebobas ganagrZobs. Tumca, rogorc ki saxelmwifo Zlierdeba, didi ojaxebic iSleba patar-patara atomarul jgufebad (ojaxe-bad) da isini socialuri institutebis daxmarebiT agrZele-ben cxovrebas.

patriarqaluri ojaxebic didi dedis garSemo iqmneba. qali (deda) Tavdacvis mizniT da sakuTari naSieris gadasar-Cenad qmnis Zlier mravalwevrian (patriarqalur) ojaxs. am ojaxs ki misi axalgazrda da axali wevri (rZali, coli) an-grevs, raTa TviTon Seqmnas axali (atomaruli) ojaxi, rome-lic garkveuli drois manZilze patriarqaluri ojaxis niS-nebs SeiZens da kvlavac daSlis safrTxis winaSe dadgeba.

Tu davukvrdebiT, cxovrebis pirvel etapze qali (coli) xels uwyobs didi ojaxebis daSlas (amiT is saxelmwifos aZlierebs), xolo Semdgom etapze (deda) TviTon qmnis did ojaxs da amiT Tavisdauneburad saxelmwifo struqturebs asustebs.

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jer kidev mexuTe saukuneSi CvenSi patara ojaxis gaba-tonebuli formis arsebobas qarTuli literaturuli Zegli „SuSanikis martvilobac“ adasturebs. Tumca patara ojaxis Camoyalibebis da aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos Seqmnis winapirobas Cven istoriis miTologiur etapzec vxedavT. amis saukeTeso magaliTs xalxuri eposi „amirani“ iZleva.

darwmunebuli var, mkiTxvels kargad axsovs is epizodi, rodesac epikuri gmiri – amirani zRapruli koSkidan sa-coles – yamars itacebs da amis gamo qajebis laSqarTan brZola uwevs. Tumca me mainc SemogTavazebT vrcel amonar-ids, radgan aq TiToeuli sityva, replika an fraza mexsiere-bis im dafarul miTologiur Sres aCens, romelic CvenTvis saintereso informaciiT aris datvirTuli.

„Cavida (amirani) da Caanaxevra qajebis laSqari. gavida boloSi, Semobrunda ukan da gauso da gamouso kvlav mokle xmali marjvniv da marcxniv, kafa da kafa qajebis laSqari, gaswyvita sulerTianad da bolos yamaris mamas Seeba. Seuties erTmaneTs siZe-simamarma. sces xmali da faric marjved ifa-res. orives begTari ecva da xmali vercerTs ver Wrida... amiranis xmali rom moxvdeboda, yamaris mamis muzaradi cecx-liviT ainTeboda, xolo jaWvi gveliviT wioda. uyurebda ya-mari mamisa da amiranis brZolas, xedavda, rom amirans uWir-da qajT batonis daZleva. ewyina yamars saqmros ugergiloba (aq yamaris wyena saqmros ugergilobis gamo rostevanis wyenas utoldeba („vefxistyaosani“) arabeTSi misi toli moisaris ar arsebobis gamo“) da amirans SeuZaxa:

amiran, col-deda mkvdaro, omi ver ici kilosa,

maRla ki nu scem spilosa, dabla Semohkar rbilosa,

daawydebian ZarRvebi, daecemian Zirosa.

boZni rom daiWrebian, darbaznic daecemiano.

gaigona qalis sityvebi mamam da dahgmo yamari:– ratom dedaSens Sobamde ar gauwyaldi mucelSi, an ra-

tom ZaRlad ar daibade, is ufro erTguli da mosiyvarule iqneboda. Sen ki ra gamoxvedi, rom axlave mamas qmari AarCieo.

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uyureT qalsa kaxpasa, qmari arCia mamasa.

qmari xes asxavs foTlada, mamas vin miscems sawyalsa,

risTvis gagzarda dedama, risTvis getyoda nanasa,

rad gawovebda ZuZusa, girwebda akavanasa?

yamarma amaze mamas upasuxa:

arcra gamzarda dedama, arcras metyoda nanasa.

mimagdis saxlis yureSi Tagvebis anabarasa,

damsvamdiT daviwyebulsa, damaRirebdiT danasa.

– magas gazrdas eZaxiT, tiriliT rom movmkvdariyavi, erTxelac ar momxedavdiTo.

daijera amiranma yamaris rCeva, Semohkra xmali qajT batons fexebSi da waaqcia. akuwa xmliT da gamarjvebuli xmaldaxmal gabrunda yamarisaken“.

am nawyvetSi bevri ram aris sagulisxmo. aq yamari mSoble-bis (mamis) winaaRmdeg saqmros exmareba. SeiZleba es ucnaurad mogveCvenos, magram es qali momavali dedaa da rogorc yve-la mdedri, isic sakuTari budis mosawyobad zrunavs. amisT-vis ki man unda datovos mamis bude (ojaxi). ise unda datovos, rom ukan dasaxevi gza (uzrunvelobaSi dabrunebis cduneba) moiWras da damoukidebel cxovrebas Seudges.

aq ar Cans is pasiuri qali, romelic Tavis beds mxolod „gaTxovebaSi“ xedavs (am sityvis etimologias jer kidev ilia WavWavaZe ikvlevda). is sworedac veRar iqneba „gaTxovebuli“, radgan (rogorc vTqviT) is sabolood iWris gzas mamis sax-lisken da TviTonve xdeba axali ojaxis Semoqmedi.

aseve sainteresoa mamisa da yamaris dialogi, rogorc koleqtiuri da individualuri azrovnebis Widili.

xalxuri cnobiereba, romelic mamisa da qaliSvilis ur-TierTobaSi mamis, didi ojaxis mxares dgas, aq imdenad Zveli Cans, rom idiomur metyvelebamde – „qmari xes asxav foTla-da“ – dasula. marTalia, yamaris individualuri azrovneba da Sesabamisad, misi pasuxi aseTi maRalmxatvruli formiT ver daikvexnis: „arca gamzarda dedama, arca metyoda nana-sa...“ magram samagierod ufro mtkice gadawyvetilebis STa-

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beWdilebas tovebs da mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi araviTar komporomss aRar uSvebs.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom yamars xSirad kolx medeas adareben (medeac xom mamis winaaRmdeg exmareba iasons, xolo Semdeg Zmas wiravs). Cvens SemTxvevaSi es Sedareba ar gamog-vadgeba ori mizezis gamo.

pirvel rigSi imitom, rom medeas istoria qarTul mex-sierebas ar Seunaxavs da qarTuli azrovnebis cvlilebis sa-magaliTod is ver gamodgeba.

meore mizezi ki is aris, rom yamaris moqmedebaSi ufro axali ojaxis Seqmnis wadili igrZnoba da mamis saxlisadmi mtrobac amiT aris nakarnaxevi. medeaSi ki Cven ufro siyvaru-liT gonebadakarguli qalis saqciels vxedavT.

da Tu mainc paralelebze midgeba saqme, medeas Sedare-ba bibliuri raxelTan (iakobis coli) ufro misaRebi Cans (raxelic xom paravs ojaxur siwmindeebs mamas), vidre wminda qarTul narativTan (amiranis eposi).

mkiTxvels Sevaxseneb, rom swored ase exmareba nestani tariels („vefxistyaosani“) mamis winaaRmdeg samefo taxtis dabrunebaSi. axalgazrda wyvilic axal samefos, axal ojaxs qmnis. motivi aqac zustad igivea. damatebiT mxolod imis Tqma SemiZlia, rom nestanisa da yamaris amgvari tipobrivi siaxlove SemTxveviTi, ra Tqma unda, sulac ar aris.

da Tu nestans am mxriv TinaTins („vefxistyaosani“) Se-vadarebT, pirvel rigSi, swored misi (TinaTinis) mamisadmi morCileba gvecema TvalSi. swored es xasiaTi gvidastu-rebs, rom arabeTisa da indoeTis SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs or radikalurad gansxvavebul kulturaTa Sinagan dapirispi-rebasTan, sadac indoeTis „qaosi“ ufro diadi „wesrigis“ sa-fuZvels qmnis, vidre arabeTis mowyvladi wesrigi.

mTavrdeba istoriisTvis es xangrZlivi periodi da Cveni personaJebic colebi xdebian.

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coli

qali im kacis mimarT, romelTanac qor-

winebiT aris dakavSirebuli, – meuRle.

`colis qeba augia...~

vidre meuRleobis institutze da mxatvrul litera-turaSi mis asxvaze visaubrebT, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom arsebobs didaqtikuri xasiaTi nawarmoebebi, romlebic drodadro erevian koleqtiur cnobierebaSi da mkiTxvels tradiciuli institutebis Seryvnili normebis aRdgenisken mouwodeben. am normebze axla TviT iona xelaSvili (ioane batoniSvilis „kalmasoba“) moZRvravs mkiTxvels:

„ioane: – ...odes hpovo Seni guli friad satrfialo Se-uRlebuli, myudro qcevasa, mazlebiTa myvarebelisa da gan-maerTebelisa, qceviTa keTiliTa da kmagonierebiTa da saxi-Taca ara duxWiri, maSin moiyvane esegvari saxlad Senda, raTa iyos Rirs meuRleobisa Senisa, Semwed da moswrafed erT-gulobisaTvis Senisa, Seiyvarei igi viTa kurTxeva zeciuri da Rirs yav igi siyvarulsa keTiliTa qceviTa da gulisaTa, igi ars nandvili ufali saxlisa Tvisisa da misTvis pativsa cem-de mas. nu winaRudgebi nebasa Sensa missa umizezoda, vinaiT-gan igi moziare ars SenTana mwuxarebisa da Seqcevisa Senisa.

arwmune mas yoveli saidumlo gulisa Senisa, vinaiTgan erTgulobiTa TvisiTa da rCeviTa misTa ara mostyvidebi Sen. iyav sarwmuno sawolsa qorwinebisasa, rameTu igi ars deda SvilTa SenTa.

mdivani: CvenSi amgvarad aravin eZiebs colsa da arca amasa zeda irTaven.

ione: vici, zogni xoWiWSi daniSanaven da zogni unaxavad da gauSijavad iTxoven da amasi bevri nakluvanebac modis.

mdivani: maS dedakacTac unda icodnen codnai?ioane: namdvilad unda aswavlon yoveli swavla, mecniere-

ba, istoria, ReoRrafia, zneTa – swavleba...TiTqmis ori saukune gavida am teqstis daweridan da

colisadmi damokidebulebaSi sazogadoebis garkveul nawil-

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Si bevri araferi Secvlila. marTalia, bavSvebs xoWiWSi (ak-vani) aRar niSnaven, aRarc gausinjavad mohyavT coli, magram dedakacTa codna jerac saTanadod ver fasdeba... Tumca es xdeba im pirobebSi, rodesac codna saerTod aRar fasobs da umaRlesi ganaTleba adamianis socialur statuss arafers matebs. amave dros, kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom mravalerovnul qveyanaSi erTiani wesisa da kanonis ganxorcielebac Wirs. gansxvavebuli religiuri Temebis damokidebuleba qalTa uflebebis mimarT gansxvavebul realobas qmnis. saxelmwi-foc iZulebulia xandaxan (swored religiuri Sexedulebebis pativiscemis gamo) kanonis Seusruleblobaze Tvali daxuWos da masze win adaTis Sesruleba daayenos.

tradiciuli samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ki qalis (colis) rolisa da uflebebis gansazRvraSi sakmaod demokratiulia. coli ojaxis namdvili burjia. is uZRveba ojaxis saqmeebs, gankargavs finansebs, pasuxismgebelia bavSvebis aRzrdaze da qmarTan erTad wyvets ojaxis saWirboroto sakiTxebs.

Cveulebriv, CvenSi mxolod aseTi ojaxebi iTvleba nor-malur, tradiciul ojaxebad da gansxvavebul SemTxvevebs, rac ar unda xSiri iyos is, mainc incidentisa da aranorma-luri urTierTobis kvalifikacia eZleva.

saerTod ki, qarTvel kacs colis sikeTiT amayad uWiravs Tavi sazogadoebaSi. rogorc wesi, aseTi colebis qmrebi sa-zogadoebriv sarbielzec warmatebulni arian. marTalia, imave sazogadoebaSi kaci sakuTari colis qebas gaurbis, ma-gram es ufro mentaluri problemaa, cxadia, rom mas axarebs colis warmateba.

marTalia, sazogadoebis garkveul fenebSi gasuli sau-kunis bolomde marTlac SeiniSneboda colis saxlSi Caket-vis („colis adgili samzareuloSia..“) survili, rac qalis mxolod saojaxo saqmeebiT dakavebas gulisxmobda. Tumca mwvave socialurma problemebma es sakiTxi TavisTavad moag-vara. qali iZulebuli gaxda ojaxis gadarCenaze ezruna da man am saqmes Cveuli TavganwirviT mohkida xeli. axla Znelad warmosadgenia, rom qals (cols) Sesaferisi samsaxuri hqondes da qmari winaaRmdegi iyos misi saxlidan gasvlisa. axla ufro

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sapirispiro suraTis mowmeni varT. xSiria SemTxveva, rode-sac qalbatonebi metismetad bevrs Sromoben qveyanaSi Tu qveynis gareT, xolo mamakacebi saxlSi uqmad sxedan.

amas bevri mizezi aqvs. erT-erTi maTgani ki, SesaZloa, isic aris, rom rTul situaciaSi qals ufro meti pasuxismge-bloba da adaptaciis mamakacze meti unari aRmoaCnda. Tumca mizezebis kvleva mainc Rrma analizs moiTxovs. Cveni lite-ratura amgvari sakiTxebiT naklebad interesdeba da jerje-robiT mxatvrul teqstebSic mxolod stereotipul saxeebs vxedavT.

erTi sityviT, dRes mamakaci, rogorc ojaxis erTpirov-nuli mmarTveli da mis gverdiT SezRuduli uflebebis mqone qali, xelovnurad dadgmuli suraTia da am mizeziT gamowve-uli protestic WiqaSi atexil qariSxals ufro hgavs.

SesaZloa, kacs marTlac surdes ojaxis marTvaSi gansa-kuTrebuli statusis SeZena, magram CavTvaloT, rom dRevan-deli ekonomikuri urTierTobebis pirobebSi es mamakacebis auxdeneli ocnebaa, radgan qalma didi xania movaleobebis gazrdili wilis Tanabrad uflebebic moipova. dRes qali bi-ujetsac avsebs (Semomtania), Svilebsac zrdis da samomavlo gegmebis gansazRvraSic Tanabari xmis uflebiT sargeblobs. qmari iZulebulia Sromisa da uflebebis amgvar ganawilebaze daTanxmdes. is kmayofilia, Tu ojaxi fexze dgas da mis soci-alur statuss (ojaxis ufrosi) safrTxe arsaidan emuqreba..

erTi sityviT, kacebis umravlesoba Tavs ityuebs da sje-ra, rom pasuxismgeblobis Semcirebis miuxedavad, mainc oja-xis erTpirovnuli ufrosia. mis Tavdajerebas Wkviani coli ar uxirdeba, radgan cols ojaxis samarTavad realuri ber-ketebi sWirdeba da ara deklalirebuli Zalaufleba. es ki maSin miiRweva, rodesac kaci ojaxSi saritualo winamZRolis funqcias sjerdeba, xolo marTvis sadaveebi colis xelSi gadadis.

es xdeba realur cxovrebaSi. axla vnaxoT, Tu rogor aireklavs am sinamdviles mxatvruli literatura da folklori.

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sanimuSo colis saxe qarTul literaturaSi Zneli gasax-senebelia. ufro advilia im teqstebis gaxseneba, romlebsac cnobili mwerlebi pativiscemis niSnad sakuTar meuRleebs uZRvnian.

amitom Cvens literaturul eqskurss zRapridan daviwyeb da mkiTxvels gamrje colisa da usaqmuri qmris ambavs gavax-seneb (es zRapari ufro eTanadeba dRevandelobas). rogorc Cans, es zRaparic realuri cxovrebis anareklia da amitom MAmasSi damajereblad ganzogadebul saxeebs vxedavT. zRapar-Si qali (coli) aTasnair xerxs iyenebs qmris „gasayoCaReb-lad“ da bolos da bolos aRwevs kidec Tavis mizans:

„... wavida zarmaci kaci yanaSi. mTeli dRe ori-sami Zna ver gamoWra. sul egdo da eZina. sami qaTami ki SeWama. ase gavida sami-oTxi dRe. yana mamulSi Cawva.

erT dilas adga zarmaci kacis coli, iTxova cxeni, kacis tanisamosi Caicva, tanze iaraRi aisxa, Sejda cxenze da qmris-ken gaswia.

zarmacs rom mouaxlovda dauZaxa:– momkalo, erTi zarmaci kaci ar ici, xelmwifes Svili

ukvdeba da zarmacis RviZli gvaswavlis, is uSveliso!zarmacs SeeSinda da Sehfica. ai, erTi saaTia, rac mka da-

viwye da mets rogor movmkidio?!– Tu saRamomde ar mogimkia eg yana, moval, vnaxav, Tavs

mogWri, RviZls amogaridebo! – uTxra mgzavrma. gascda da wavida.

eca zarmaci yanas da saRamomde boli aadina. dajda gadaw-yvetili da daiwyo qSena...

...........................is dRea da is dRe, aRarc gverdze ugoravnia, mudam Sro-

mobda da iyvnen tkbilad da mdidrad“.cxadia, am zRapris narativi cnobierebis ufro Zveli

Srea, radgan zepirsityvierebis nimuSTa Soris colisadmi amgvari pozitiuri damokidebulebis magaliTi TandaTan ufro Zneli mosaZebni xdeba. mxatvrul literaturaSi ki colebisadmi amgvar damokidebulebas marTlac zRapruli SegviZlia vuwodoT. folklori da literaturac saocar

15

erTsulovnebas iCenen da dRevandeli terminiT rom visar-gebloT, dauRalavad ewevian colis sawinaarmdego pPiarkam-panias. folklorisagan arcaAa gasakviri, radgan xalxuri Se-moqmedeba, rogorc aRvniSneT, ZiriTadad mainc koleqtiur cnobierebas amkvidrebs, magram daujerebeli aq individu-alur SemoqmedTa solidarobaa xalxuri Semoqmedis mimarT. sawyenia, rom maTi umravlesoba ver axerxebs an arc cdilobs am stereotipuli damokidebulebisgan Tavis daRwevas.

xalxuri meleqse ki arcTu iSviaTad xatavs orguli co-lis portrets. misi Rimili macduria, cremlebi – yalbi, xolo misi qmrisadmi erTguleba– naklebad damajerebeli.

cnobili poeti mixa xelaSvili Tavis leqs-SedevrSi „leqso amogTqom oxero..“ ver gascilda am sazogado Sexe-dulebis tyveobas:

„colic Zalian itirebs, qveyanas gaakvirvebsa.

meore dResa igica, sxvisa Wirs gaalxinebsa“.

TiTqos mis koleqtiur cnobierebas (wina ricxviT) epaeqreba vaJa-fSavela Tavis leqsSi („sikvdili gmirisa“):

„colis gulsac xvda laxvari,/ Tumc tirils vera hbedavsa;

Cumad itirebs beCavi, roca aravin xedavsa“.

mkiTxvels kargad axsovs cnobili xalxuri baladis „Se-momeyara yivCayis“ finaluri striqonebi, romelSic coli mis mier waqezebuli moymis siyvaruls manamde iviwyebs, vidre misi Rirsebis dasacavad daRvrili sisxli miwas SeaSreba:

„aqeT me vkvdebi, iqiT – is,

qali wavida sxvisasa... ~

am baladAs aSkard atyvia mkiTxvelis guliswyroma da in-dividualuri meleqsis xelovnurad Carevis uxeSi kvali:

„aqeT me vkvdebi, iqeT -is,

qali wavida Zmisasa...“

msgavsi Sinaarsis folkloruli nimuSebis moZieba Cvens zepirsityvierebaSi namdvilad ar Wirs. ufro sakvirveli ki,

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albaT, is aris, rom mkiTxveli colis mxatvrul saxeSi koleq-tiuri cnobierebis kvals klasikuri poeziis anTologiaSi awydeba:

„..ase xdeba qveyanaze – yvela cocxlobs, yvela kvdeba,

da vai mas, vis sikvdili sicocxleSiv aviwydeba“.

mkiTxvels ar sWirdeba Sexseneba, rom es galaktion tabi-Zis „mesaflavis~ striqonebia, romelSic aseve qalis (colis) orgulobazea saubari. aseTi magaliTebi sxva mwerlebis Se-moQqmedebaSic SegviZlia aRmovaCinoT. SesaZloa, es usiamov-no tendencia mkiTxvels arc ise mniSvnelovnad moeCvenos, Tu colisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba colisa da dedis ur-TierTobis, rogorc kulturaTa dapirispirebis konteqstSi ar iqneba ganxiluli:

am mxriv batoni levan berZeniSvili Tavis leqciaSi „ili-ada“ – pirveli miaxloveba“ Zalze saintereso dakvirvebas gvTvazobs (saubris teqsti aRdgenilia Canaweris mixedviT):

heqtorma uTxra Tavis cols andromaqes: „me vici, rom daingreva qalaqi troa da gadawvavs mteri. me vici, rom mokvdeba mamaCemi, mokvdeba dedaCemi, Cems debs tyved waiy-vanen, magram me amas Seguebuli var, radgan vici, rom es mox-deba. me gacilebiT guls miklavs is, rom Sen dagatyveveben, Sen wagiyvanen da Sen gecodineba, rom me rom cocxali vyofili-yavi, Seni gadarCena SemeZlo, magram me aRar viqnebi cocxali. ai, raze mwydeba guli...“ heqtors guli wydeba colis gamo da ara ded-mamis gamo. davimaxsovroT, rom troelebi, Turme, colebs aniWebDNen upiratesobas ded-mamasTan SedarebiT da ZmebTan da debTan SedarebiT. Sesadareblad axlave getyviT, rom berZenma qalma antigonem aseTi ram Tqva: me es yvelaferi gavakeTe Cemi Zmis gamo, es rom Cemi qmari an Svili yofiliyo ,amas ar vizamdi, radgan Svils kidev gavaCendi da qmars kidev vipovidio, magram es Zma iyo Cemi, mSoblebi cocxali aRar myavs da Zmis gamo Tavs gavwiravo. Sesabamisad, dRevandel dRisgan gansxvavebiT, antikur xanaSi damokidebuleba aziasa da evropas Soris sxvadasxvaa. azias, am SemTxvevaSi, heqtors miaCnia, rom Cemi coli (coli) aris mniSvnelovani, xolo ber-

17

Znebs miaCniaT, rom sisxliT naTesaoba aris mniSvnelovani. es daimaxsovreT, radgan aq aris pasuxi erT seriozul kiTxvaze, marTla ra xdeboda trois omis dros da sad iyo homerosi, roca amas ambobda. ... homerosma aCvena gansxvaveba aRmosav-leTsa da dasavleTs Soris, es gansxvaveba aris sisxliT naTe-saobasa da moyvrobas Soris. erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba ori tipis siaxlove, sisxliT naTesaoba – rusulad aris radstvo – da moyvrobiT naTesaoba – rusulad aris svaistvo. naTe-savi da moyvare gansxvavdeba yvela enaSi, naTesavi aris sisx-liT, moyvare aris SeZenili. ai, es gansxvaveba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris (homerosmac daiWira) aris damokidebu-leba moyvrobasa da naTesaobas Soris. evropa upiratesobas aZlevs (rogorc homerosi aRwers) sisxliT naTesaobas, xolo azia – moyvrobas (SeZenil siyvaruls). anu azia am momentSi aris progresuli (Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas), Tumca Cven kargad viciT, rom orive Zalze mniSvnelovania. dRes, ra Tqma unda, evropelisTvis Zmaze maRla dgas kanoni. anu evropa iq wavida, sadac eguleboda troa.

CemTvis gasaziarebelia is mosazreba, rom dedisadmi siyvaruli SeZenil siyvarulTan SedarebiT naklebad pro-gresuli movlenaa. am fonze Cven mier literaturasa da folklorSi moZiebuli colis mxatvruli saxe damSvidebis saSualebas marTlac ar iZleva. es gansakuTrebiT maSin xdeba cxadi, rodesac dedis mxatvrul saxesac gavecnobiT.

deda

qali Tavisi Svilebis mimarT

„xelisgulze erbo-kvercxi rom moiwva,

dedis amags ver gadaixdio“.

Cveni literatura, gansakuTrebiT ki sasimRero fol-klori, cxadyofs, rom bolo ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi de-dis saxem mTlianad gadafara qalis yvela statusi. koleq-tiurma cnobierebam ajoba individualur Semoqmeds. dedaze uamravi xalxuri da klasikuri leqsi, simReris teqstia Seq-

18

mnili. am leqsebisTvis zedmeti sentimetalizmi da crem-lebamde misuli grZnobismieri gancda Cveulebrivi ambavia. zogierT maTganSi ki dedisadmi grZnobis gamoxatvis SeuZle-blobaa gadmocemuli. sakvirvelia, rom qarTveli adamiani bunebiTi, biologiuri siyvaruliT Tavs ise iwonebs, TiTqos es grZnoba yvela sulierisTvis Cveulebrivi ambavi ar iyos.

ufro saocreba kidev isaa, rom, amgvar damokidebulebas literaturaSi ilia WavWavaZem Cauyara safuZveli. dedis saxe sxvaze umetes simaRleze swored ilia WavWavaZem aiyvana.

ilias gverdiT qarTveli dedis rolis amaRlebas vaJa-fSavelam da akaki wereTelmac Seuwyves xeli:

vaJa: „lamazad Svilis gamzrdeli

deda micvnia RmerTada...“

akaki: „cxra Tve mucliT gatarebdi,

„vaiT“ gSobe, „uiT“ gzarde,

da rad gikvirs, yovel qalzed

ufro dedas rom uyvarde?

am werilis formati ar iZleva saSualebas, ilia WavWava-Zis leqsebis da dedaSvilobis urTierTobis marTlac encik-lopediuri xasiaTis prozauli teqstis „oTaraanT qvrivis“ ganxilvas SevudgeT. aq ufro sainteresod imis axsna gveCve-neba, Tu ratom misca mweralma mkiTxvelis bunebiT grZnobebs amxela gasaqani. ar unda daviviwyoT, rom Tu coli saxelmwi-foebrivi gancdis matarebelia, deda bunebiT siyvaruls asa-xierebs da mamulis, samSoblos poetur xats (deda-samSob-lo) qmnis.

ilias moRvaweoba ki swored im periods daemTxva, rode-sac „mamulis xsenebaze exlandel qondriskacs Tavisi nexv-dayrili saxnavi miwa warmoudgeboda xolme Tvalwin...“, amitom, vidre saxemwifoebriobis gancda (colis saxe) daiba-deboda, qarTvel kacis cnobierebaSi jer mamulis, samSob-los wminda xati (dedis saxe) unda aRmdgariyo.

iseve, rogorc, vidre saxelmwifo aRdgeboda, manamde is sami RvTaebrivi saunje unda aRmdgariyo, romelsac momava-li qveyana yavarjnebiviT daeyrdnoboda.

19

Tumca mas Semdeg didi dro gavida. Cven saxelmwifoc aR-vadgineT, magram isev „samSobloSi“ vcxovrobT, isev bunebi-Ti grZnobebis trfialebiT viwonebT Tavs. isev erT adgils vtkepniT da ar gvinda gavigoT, rom ilias gza swored drois Sesaferis fiqrsa da saqmes gulisxmobs.

arada, dRevandeli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZ-loa, dedas sazogadoebriv asparezze sakuTar statusSi colis funqciis gaZliereba ufro surdes , magram vin kiTxavs dedas...

ukve aRvniSne, rom mecxramete saukuneSi daxatulma de-dis mxatvrul-poeturma saxem literaturidan TandaTano-biT sasimRero folklorSi gadainacvla. gacvda, gaxunda, pirveladi brwyinvaleba dakarga da sadResaswaulo Tavyri-lobebze daimkvidra adgili. dedam ki literaturul scena-ze unugeSodaa darCenili, Svilebis yuradRebas moklebuli da man bedis anabara mitovebuli qalis (niko lorTqifaniZe) kostiumi moisinja.

dRes es „Tavsafriani dedakaci“ nawarmoebidan nawarmo-ebSi TiTqmis ucvlelad gadadis da umaduri Svilebis Temac maradaxalia. Taobebi pirveladi codvis msgavsad, mudmiv sinanulSi rCebian dedis amagis daufaseblobis gamo.

namdvil cxovrebaSi ki deda arcTu iSviaTad sakuTari pativmoyvareobis msxverpli xdeba. sazogadoebrivi cnobi-erebis talRaze, sadac dedis roli isev aSkarad gadaWar-bebulia, is yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvalyurs Svilis (gansa-kuTrebiT vaJiSvilis) momavals, eCveneba, rom coli (rZali) mas saTanado yuradRebas ver aqcevs, anu dedasaviT ver uv-lis, amgvari eWvebi, bunebrivia, rZalTan urTierTobas arTu-lebs da xSirad maTi erTad yofna SeuZlebeli xdeba. rogorc werlis dasawyisSi vwerdi, vidre TiToeuli (qarTveli) qali sakuTar TavSi, upirvelesad, colsa da dedas ar Searigebs, manamde am qveyanaSi mSvidoba ar damyardeba.

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qvrivi

qali, romelsac qmari moukvda an kaci,

romelsac coli moukvda

„qvrivis qorwilSi qeris purs vin kiTxulobso“.

qvrivi qali Tavidanve saeWvo reputaciT sargeblobda. xalxuri meleqsisTvis es Tema yovelTvis popularuli da sakafiao iyo. ra Tqma unda, avtori qvrivis ucodvelobaze Tavs ver dadebs, magram SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom soflis poets siTamames is faqti matebda, rom qvrivi daucveli da upatrono iyo.

pirvelad ilia WavWavaZem scada qvrivis saxelis aRdge-na da es mcdeloba Zalze warmatebuli gamodga. „oTaraanT qvrivma“ ar mxolod sakuTari namusis dacva SeZlo, aramed, zogadad, qarTveli qalis Rirsebasac Semata manamde arnaxu-li Tvisebebi. mowyalebis unari, meurnis niWi, simtkice, erT-guleba, Svilebisadmi araegoisturi damokidebuleba, WirTa Tmena da aRzrdis gansakuTrebuli meTodi, romelic siyva-rulis TavSekavebul gamovlenazea dafuZnebuli.

ilia WavWavaZis „oTaraanT qvrivs“ vaJa-fSavelas „dare-jani“ amoudga gverdiT (es nawarmoebi aSkarad davalebulia „oTaraanT qvrivisgan“. maT xasiaTSi Zalze didi msgavseba igrZnoba). TiTqos ori Cinebuli avtoris saerTo Zalisxme-vas qvrivis reabilitaciis gzaze yovelgvari winaaRmde-goba unda gadaelaxa, – ukeTes mosarCeleebs qvrivebi ver inatrebdnen, – magram oTaraanT qvrivisa da darejanis saxe mainc ver ganzogadda, qvrivebze „Zaladoba“ literaturaSi kvlavac gagrZelda. amis samagaliTod mravali NIMU-sis moyvana SeiZleba.

martoxela qalis bedi ki mas Semdeg ufro aqtualuri gaxda, rac kanonSi martoxela dedis cneba gaCnda. dRes mis bedze da problemebze bevrs muSaobs arasamTavrobo seqto-ri, magram isev mxatvruli sityvis msaxurebis gasagonad min-da vTqva, rom aTas realur istoriasac ar SeuZlia marto-xela dedisadmi sazogadoebrivi azrisa da keTilganwyobis mopoveba ise, rogorsac amas erTi ganzogadebuli mxatvru-li saxe SeZlebda.

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Seyvarebuli

axla Seyvarebulebzec unda vTqvaT oriode sityva, ise-Tebi, rogorebic iyvnen isini adre da rogorebic arian dRes, romelTac ver amCnevs xelovnebis vercerTi sfero da, maT Soris, verc literatura.

qarTul literaturaSi bolo wlebSi aRar Seqmnila siy-varulisgan velad gaWrili mijnuris saxe. rusTavelis Sem-deg amgvarma trfobam erTgvari ironiuli damokidebulebac ki SeiZina. literaturas TiTqos aRar sjeroda namdvili siy-varulis. Tumca bolo saukuneebSi aleqsandre yazbegma ki-dev Sehbeda idealuri mijnuris saxes da tarielis mibaZviT, siyvarulisgan gaxelebuli onises, maTias, iagos, elgujas srulyofili saxeebi Seqmna.

mas Semdeg amgvari portretis Seqmnis mcdelobac ki ar yofila. Tumca dRevandel axalgazrdobas arc grZnobis si-maRle aklia, arc romantikuloba da arc siyvarulisTvis Tavganwirvis unari. am SemTxvevaSi realoba amtyunebs lite-raturas. me TviTon minaxavs gabeduli Seyvarebuli, romel-mac mijnurisTvis Tavis mosawoneblad adre gazafxulze mtkvari gadacura. qalis gulisTvis saqmis garCeva da muS-tikrivi xom dResac Cveulebrivi ambavia CvenSi...

sayvareli

piri, romelic vinmesTan qorwinebis gareSe,

farul sasiyvarulo kavSirSi imyofeba.

„sayvarelo sayvarlobas, sikvdil miTxovs menacvale,

genacvlebi Sensa mzesa, gza siT aris mimaswavle“.

col-qmris gverdiT sayvarelic uda vaxsenoT. es subi-eqti, romlis areboba literaturaSic TandaTan bunebrivi gveCveneba, mudam keriis siTboSi xarobs da ojaxis wminda mosavals sarevelasaviT moyveba.

cal-calke xasiaTis da damokidebulebis mixedviT unda da-vaxasiaToT kaci, colis sayvareli da qali, qmris sayvareli.

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kaci – colis sayvareli yovelTvis moZalade, angarebi-ani, boroti adamiania. aseTi saxe Seqmna folklorma da mxat-vrulma literaturam. iseve, rogorc konkretuli Semoqme-di, Cans, anonimuri avtoric mamakaci yofila da roca colis sayvarelis saZulvel saxes qmnida, sakuTari Seuracxyofis-Tvisac samagieros uxdida rayifs.

qali – sayvareli, bedisgan daCagruli, ojaxur siTbos danatrebuli, qaluri RirsebiT savse mdedria. cxovrebam mas martooba da unugeSoba arguna, amitom rogorc SeuZlia, ise ebrZvis sakuTar bedisweras, daeZebs Tavis guliswors, po-ulobs, kargavs, isev poulobs da yovel axalnapovn mamakacs qalwulebrivi umankoebiT abarebs Tavis uiRblo momavals.

sayvareli, igive siZvis diaci, rac ar unda sakvirveli iyos, pirvelad hagiografiul literaturaSi gamoCnda. Tum-ca giorgi merCulem istoriaSi moxseniebis pativis sanacv-lod, saxeli daukarga da siZvis diacad SemorCa agiografias.

Tumca precendenti ukve arsebobda. sxva SemTxvevaSi Tu saero literatura agiografiis gamocdilebas ucxoobs, axla sayvarlis Tema ise aitaca, rom erT wamsac ki ar ugrZvnia uxerxuloba.

rusTavelis fatmanma saxelis garda erTgulebis niWic SeiZina da miuxedavad imisa, rom avTandilis xelSi is erT-gvar saxmar Rirebulebadac ki iqca, mainc dadebiT litera-turul personaJTa siaSi daimkvidra adgili.

sayvarlis saxe ufro xSirad poeziaSi Cndeba. misi fun-qcia zogaddeba da zogjer STamagonebeli muzis rolSic uxdeba yofna.

cxovrebaSi ki sayvareli bevrad ufro praqtikul, saqmi-an adamianad warmogvidgeba. maTi cxovrebis wess dauokebeli vneba da azartic Tan axlavs, romelic sxva ojaxis dangrevas, qalis (colis) gamwarebas isaxavs miznad. amasTanave, rodesac sayvareli sakuTar monapovars icavs, ar erideba arc tyuils, arc avanturas da Tu dasWirda, monika levinskiviT sakuTari WuWyiani sacvlebis saqveynod gamofenasac ar Takilobs.

erTi ram mainc auxsneli rCeba. CvenSi (literatura-Si) qmris Ralats colis mimarT mainc ufro Semwynarebu-

23

lad udgebian (am SemTxvevaSi umizezod rodi davoben qalTa uflebebis damcvelni). TiTqos mamakicis saqciels yovelTvis moeZebneba axsna. umetes SemTxvevaSi ki is garTobad, droebiT gatacebad an siaxlis gancdis surviliT aris gamarTlebuli.

colis Ralati ki tragediis mizezi xdeba. moralis, rju-lis saxeliT aseT dros saqmeSi erTvebian megobrebi, me-zoblebi, vrceli wre sanaTesaosi da umetesad qalis amgva-ri saqcieli ganqorwinebiT, saxelis gatexviT da SercxveniT mTavrdeba (igulisxmeba, rom ase iyo dRevandel dRemde, To-rem axla, rogorc yvelaferSi, aqac sxva tendencia SeimCneva).

bebia

bebia ojaxis uxucesi wevria da wesis mixedviT, is umcro-si vaJiSvilis ojaxSi cxovrobs (saojaxo samarTlis mixed-viT, mSoblebis uSualo memkvidre umcrosi vaJia). miuxeda-vad imisa, rom drom bevri ram Secvala, moxucebulebisadmi zrunva yvelasTvis sapatio valdebulebad iTvleba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Svilis ojaxSi maT bavSvebiviT uvlian. Zalze iS-viaTia SemTxveva, rom maT moxucTa TavSesafarSi uwevdeT siberis gatareba.

aseT ojaxebSi gansakuTrebuli urTierToba yalibdeba pirvel da mesame Taobas – bebiebsa da SviliSvilebs Soris. maTi urTierToba sruliad Tavisufalia raime valdebule-bisgan. saSualo TaobasTan damokidebulebaSi isini yovel-Tvis mokavSireni arian. xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac mSoble-bisagan mitovebul bavSvebs swored moxuci bebia da papa zrdian.

dRevandeli bebiac am saukunis Svilia. amitom misi cxov-rebis wesi, yofiTi kultura da Cacmuloba srulad eTanxme-ba axalgazrdebis gemovnebas.

dRes aRaravis ukvirs ormoci wlis bebias xilva. arc TviTon ukvirT. amitom xandaxan aRarc bebiabobas dagideven da cxovrebas am asakSi Tavidan iwyeben. Cvens literaturaSi aseTi bebiis saxe jer ar Seqmnila. inerciiT Tu gansakuTre-

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buli pativiscemis gamo Tanamedrove mxatvrul teqstebSic kvlavac mecxramete an meoce saukunis keTilSobilebiT aR-savse, danaoWebuli saxis bebiebi gvxvdebian. iseTebi, rogo-rebic nodar dumbaZem „me, bebia, iliko da ilarionSi“ da merab elioziSvilma „didedebSi da SviliSvilebSi“ Seqmnes.

da Tu ekaterine gabaSvilis „Tinas lekursac“ gavixse-nebT, Tamamad SegviZlia imis Tqma, rom Cveni Raribi lite-ratura bebiebTan valSi namdvilad ar aris.

mamida

am teqstze muSaobis dros me ar Camitarebia raime saxis sociologiuri kvleva, Tumca amas mainc avixireb.

aTi adgilobriv ojaxur tradicebze gazrdili zrda-sruli adamiani rom gavaCeroT saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxe-Si, maTi umravlesoba siamovnebiT mogiyvebaT mamidis rolze da mis uangaro damokidebulebaze ZmiSvilebis mimarT.

mamidebi erTmaners hgvanan.samwuxarod, qarTuli folklori ver Caswvda mamidis

fenomens da misi saxeli erTgvar salazRandaro Temad, oja-xis zedmeti wevris, naTesauri kavSirebis maZiebel urcxvi adamianis sinonimadac ki aqcia (yvavi Cxikvis mamida). SesaZ-loa, garkveulad, es azri simarTlesTan axlos idges, rad-gan yoveli usaxelo naTesavi Tavs marTlac mamidad axsenebs. isini saxels utexen im uangaro adamianebs, romlebic (maT So-ris ratomRac Zalze bevri gauTxovari an saxlSi mobrunebu-lia), sruliad gansakuTrebul funqcias iRebs Tavis Tavze. is garkveul kavSirebs itovebs mamis saxlTan da romelime Zmis ojaxs ekedleba. monawileobs ZmiSvilebis aRzrdaSi, cdi-lobs mamis ojaxuri tradiciebis aRdgenas da am fonze xels uwyobs kacis (Zmis) avtoritetis amaRlebas.

aseT dros TiTqos bunebrivad Cndeba rZal-mulis (dis da colis) dapirispirebis Temac, romelic zogadad aranakleb mwvaved mimdinareobs, vidre rZal-dedamTilis konfliqti. Tumca aq Tavs iCens swored mamidis windaxeduloba (is cdi-

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lobs ar Caerios ojaxis marTvis saqmeSi) da rZlis madlie-reba (mamida xom mTel Tavis qonebas ZmiSvilebs utovebs), rac mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis karg safuZvels qmnis..

samwuxarod, saqarTvelos istoria mxolod veragobiT ganTqmul mamidis saxes icnobs (kidev ufro samwuxaroa, rom is mefe rusudania). man Tavis ZmiSvils (SemdgomSi mefe daviT ulu) gaugonari cili daswama da sasikvdilod gaimeta. es am-bavi xalxSi gavrcelda da uamravi sxvadasxva daujerebeli versiac ki Seiqmna.

daaxloebiT amave epoqas ekuTvnis mamidis literatu-ruli saxe (SoTa rusTavelis „vefxistyaosani“), romelic arafriT Camouvardeba cxovrebis nagvianev prototips. da-varma da rusudanma mTlianad gadafares samefo dinastiis yvela im mamidis saxeli, romlebic sxvadasxva qveyanaSi moRvaweobdnen da uTuod didi Rvawli hqondaT samefo karis cxovrebaSi.

erTi sityviT, mamidebs Zalze mZime mekvidreoba ergoT, Tumca, TavianTi saqcieliT maT namdvilad SeZles Selaxuli saxelis aRdgena.

emigranti qali

yvela is pozicia, romelic qals ojaxSi Tu ojaxis gareT ukavia, tradiciulia da ganviTarebis logikas emorCileba, Tumca es cnebebi sruliad kargavs azrs, rodesac oci-ocda-aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi iZulebiT emigraciaSi myof qalebze vsaubrobT. aseT dros Sinaarss kargavs dedis, dis, colis, qaliSvilis, rZlis, mulis, dedamTilis, sidedris statusi, uqmdeba maTi socialuri pozicia, Cndeba axali statusi – emigranti qali, romelic sakuTar TavSi mraval ganuxorci-elebel funqcias itevs, xolo misi realisturi saxe mxat-vrul interpretacias iTxovs.

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P.S. rogorc vnaxeT, arc literaturaSi da arc folklorSi

RirebulebaTa TvalsazrisiT yvelaferi zustad ar aris gayofili. maT Soris mkveTri xazis gavleba SeuZlebelia. individualuri Semoqmedis azrovnebaSi yovelTvis ar Cans pirovnuli azri, iseve rogorc koleqtiuri cnobiereba yovelTvis ar gamoxatavs sazogadoebis saerTo pozicias. amas martivi axsna aqvs. xalxuri poeziis krebulebSi dResac mravali individualuri (anonimuri) avtoris naazrevi mo-ipoveba, Tavis droze yvela uavtoro teqsts ganurCevlad da gauazreblad xalxuri poeziis „uZiro zRvaSi“ gadauZaxes da mas Semdeg am saqmis gamosworebiT aravin dainteresebula.

samwuxarod, Cvens literaturul sivrceSi anonimuri av-toris cneba TiTqmis ar arsebobs. arada, warmoudgenelia gvqondes aseTi mdidari xalxuri Semoqmedeba da ar gvyavdes anonimuri avtorebi.

meore mxriv, klasikur literaturaSic sakmaod fexmo-kidebulia koleqtiuri azrovneba. Cven erTnairad gviWirs rogorc folkloruli nimuSebis garCeva individualuri Semoqmedebisgan, aseve klasikuri literaturisTvis damaxa-siaTebeli sazRvrebis moniSvna. dRemde folklorad mxo-lod zepirmsityviereba, xolo literaturad – dabeWdili teqstebi moiazreba. amitom folkloruli nimuSebi xSirad Jurnalebis furclebze „ixveweba“, xolo namdvili litera-tura zepirmoTxrobebad gadadis mkiTxvelidan mkiTxvelSi.

daskvnis saxiT ki SegviZlia vTqvaT: SesaZloa leqss av-toric hyavdes, magram Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT is mainc folklors ekuTvnodes. an leqsis avtori cnobili ar iyos, magram misi Semoqmedeba individualuri azrovnebis simaR-les swvdebodes.

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v e q t o r e b i

maia jaliaSvili

absurdi –

vanilis motkbo surneliT

irakli samsonaZis piesebis krebulze `komediidan tragediamde absurdis bileTiT~

`dramaturgi unda iyos TeatrSi, unda cxovrobdes da sunTqavdes TeatriT. rogorc Seqspiri, molieri iyo mudmi-vad TeatrSi, ise unda iyos Tanamedrove dramaturgi mudmi-vad Teatralur garemoSi. ar SeiZleba dramaturgi arsebob-des Teatris gareSe, miT umetes, Tu ki aris amis saSualeba. ar mesmis im dramaturgebisa, romlebsac Teatrisgan damouki-deblad surT iyon dramaturgebi. dramaturgi ayalibebs axal Teatrs. misi ideebidan xdeba axali koncefciis Camo-yalibeba TeatrSi. literatura aris umniSvnelovanesi wyaro Teatraluri xelovnebisTvis, amitomac aris aucilebeli dramaturgisa da Teatris urTierToba. dramaturgi unda icnobdes msaxiobebsac, radgan isini xSir SemTxvevaSi kargi masala aRmoCenilan axali ideebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. es aris ormxrivi gamdidrebis procesi, roca ici, ama Tu im msa-xiobs ra teqsti unda dauwero,~ – ambobs irakli samsonaZe erT interviuSi (https://armuri.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/). cxadia, TviTon aseTi dramaturgia, axlo kavSiri aqvs sxvadasxva TeatrTan. misi bevri piesaa dadgmuli da, rogorc TviTon ambobs, msaxiobebi mas erTgvarad exmarebian kidec, rodesac warmosaxviT iseT xasiaTebs qmnis, romelTa scenaze Sesaty-visi ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia.

am krebulSi (`komediidan tragediamde absurdis bile-TiT~) Tavmoyril Svid piesaTagan umravlesoba warmatebiT

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daidga sxvadasxva Teatris scenaze da kritikosTa da mayu-rebelTa aRiarebac moipova. es piesebi Tanamedrove qarTu-li dramaturgiis maRal xarisxsa da aqtualobas warmoaCe-nen. irakli samsonaZe Tanabari ostatobiT qmnis moTxrobebs, romanebsa da piesebs. amitomac Tanamedrove qarTuli sali-teraturo tendenciebis analizi warmoudgenelia misi na-warmoebebis gareSe (`yurTbaliSi~, `Rrubeli, saxelad da-rinda~, `leas saaTi~ da sxv.)

am piesebSi yvela is problemaa warmoCenili, romlebic Tanamedrove sazogadoebas aRelvebs. misi piesebis gmirebi ubralo adamianebi arian, romelTa cxovrebazec gavlenas axdens, erTi mxriv, globaluri politikur-ekonomikuri Tu socialuri viTareba, meore mxriv, saqarTveloSi mimdinare sazogadoebriv-kulturuli procesebi.

piesebSi fantasmagoriisa da absurdulobis gancda War-bobs. cxadia, movlenebis amgvari rakursiT gamoxatva misi esTetikis absurdis dramasTan naTesaobaze metyvelebs. postmodernistuli aRqma samyarosi avlens avtoris swraf-vas daxatos Tanamedrove saSualo klasis adamianis marto-oba da gamousavlobis SegrZneba.

saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi mougvarebel probleme-bad qceuli – umuSevroba, siduxWire am piesebSic aqtualu-ria, danaxulia Tanamedrove adamianis sulieri SeWirvebis Tanxmlebi movlenebis fonze da warmoCenilia postmoder-nistuli esTetikis principebiT.

piesebi gaerTianebulia wignis saerTo saTauriT `kome-diidan tragediamde absurdis bileTiT~ – mwerali absurdis bileTs gaZlevs, rom mis warmosaxviT warmodgenebs daeswro. ra Tqma unda, mkiTxvelic absurdis adamianad SeiZleba mi-viCnioT, romelmac icis, an piesebis wakiTxvis Semdeg mainc mixvdeba, rom cxovreba orsaxian ianuss, Tatralur niRabs hgavs, romlis erTi saxe piraxeuli icinis, meore ki pirmoku-mula tanjvis simwarisagan.

es piesebic, calkeuli epizodiTa Tu mTlianobaSi, amgvar ormag gancdebs gamoiwvevs mkiTxvelSi – gaacinebs da daam-wuxrebs kidevac, orive grZnoba ki erT sayovelTaod aRiare-

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bul WeSmaritebas emsaxureba – Tuki namdvili xelovnebaa, mkiTxveli (mayurebeli) kaTarziss ganicdis, raRaciT ise SeiZvreba, rom mere SeiZleba Seicvalos kidec, Tu subieq-tur-obieqtur garemoebani mis mimarT mowyaled ganewyobian.

avtori ki laRia, Tavisufali dramaturgiuli kliSesa Tu tabusagan, misTvis mxolod erTia mTavari (am SemTxveva-Si, ra Tqma unda, amocana igivea, rac, vTqvaT, Seqspiris an CexovisTvis), mayurebeli TandaTan da SeumCnevlad, scenaze datrialebuli dramatuli Tu komikuri epizodebis war-mosaxuli sivrcidan, sakuTar sulis siRrmeebisken miabru-nos da bnel labirinTebSi axetialos. xandaxan odnav gamom-krTali fantomuri sinaTleebi ki rwmenisa, siyvarulisa, sikeTisa da imedisa im sayrdenebad aqcios, romlebic gzis gakvalvaSi daexmarebian.

pirveli piesa `yofilebis sareceli – tragikomikuri fantasmagoria or suraTad~ mayurebelma Tavidanve miiRo da Seiyvara. mis warmatebaze metyvelebs is, rom daidga rogorc Tbilisis, aseve baTumis, axalcixis, goris da sxva Teatris scenebze.

dRes gansakuTrebiT mwvavea ucxoeTSi ojaxis sarCenad wasul adamianTa bedi. swored am Temas tragikomikuri stiliT warmoaCens avtori am piesaSi. erTmaneTs gadaewvne-ba materialuri yofisTvis damaxasiaTebeli pragmatuli da romantikuli nakadebi.

scenaze ori erTmaneTisTvis ucxo adamiani, qali da kaci, sruliad moulodnel viTarebaSi, sadRac sawyobSi erT tax-tze gverdigverd mwoli, iRviZebs. orives Tavis cxovreba aqvs, Tavisi dardi da sixaruli, Tavisi Tavgadasavali. es gamoRviZeba or paralelur sivrceSi mimdinareobs. ase unda SeigrZnos mkiTxvelma piesis msvlelobisas, erTi mxriv, fi-zikuri gaRviZeba – Tavdapirveli SecbunebiT, saubriT, erT-maneTis gacnobiT. meore mxriv sulieri gaRviZeba – isini am saubarSi uneblieT sakuTar cxovrebas da mesac Seimecneben.

avtori Cveulebriv adamianebs irCevs, yofiTi sazru-navebiT savseebs, oRond sxvadasxva socialuri wrisas. qali musikosia, qalaqeli, kaci ki soflelia, aTas saqmegamovli-li, axla `traileriT~ vaSli gaaqvs gasayidad.

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maTi metyvelebis stilic Sesabamisadaa SerCeuli.absurduli situaciaa, qalma ar icis, rogor moxvda aq,

ucxo vanosTan erTad taxtze da ganicdis Cavlil Rames, rad-gan ar aris darwmunebuli, rame moxda Tu ara maT Soris. kaci ubejiTebs, moxdao da es ambavi ar anaRvlebs.

qali, saxelad nana, `moxuci qalis pampersebiT sunTqva-SelanZuli~ cdilobs kacis damunaTebas, lanZRavs, sakuTar Tavs piedestalze ayenebs, zneobrivad wmindad warmoaCens, mas xom qmar-Svili hyavs. saubarSi nel-nela gamoikveTeba maTi piradi cxovrebis detalebi. isini erTmaneTs sakuTar dards uziareben. oRond, am SemTxvevas sityva gaziareba ar Seefereba, ubralod, gverdigverd sxedan da paralelur istoriebs hyvebian, romelTac, erTi SexedviT, aranairi ga-dakveTis wertili ara aqvT. kaci hyveba, SemTxveviT rogor gaatyava fermis kurdReli megobarTan erTad da rogor az-Rvevines dekeulis fasi, `folksvagenis~ yidvasac rom SeZleb-da im fuliT. etyoba, es xarji misTvis mounelebeli zaralia. es aris misi cxovrebis axlandeli mTavari safiqrali, qali ki viRac Temukas siyvaruls mistiris. realurad, am ambebs isini mayurebels ufro uyvebian, vidre erTmaneTs. qali `aR-moaCens~, orive yofilebi arian: vano `yofili meqanizator-inJiner-konstruqtoria~ da TviTonac `me ubeduri-yofili musikos-Semsrulebeli~.

qals imdenad ecodeba Tavi, rom sakmarisia cotaodeni Rvino, rom moeSvas da ucxo kacis mimarT ndoba gauCndes. magram isini erTmaneTisgan Sors arianN P– qali strindberg-ze, Sopenze, RvTiur bgerebze alaparakdeba, rac kacisTvis CinuriviTaa.

ra daakavSirebs gaucxoebul adamianebs erTmaneTTan? qristianobisTvis es siyvaruli iyo. adamianebs erTmaneTSi RmerTi unda daenaxaT da ecnoT. samwuxarod, amgvari siy-varuli Caferflila. axloblebsac ki erTmaneTis mimarT mxolod gamorCenaze fiqri akavSirebT.

dramaturgma es ori adamiani tragikuli ambiT daakavSi-ra erTmaneTTan. germaniaSi erT wvimian dRes qarTveli emig-ranti kaci qarTvel emigrant qals gaitans, maTi axloblebi

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ki xarjis dazogvis mizniT maT erTi kuboTi Camoasveneben. gulisSemZvrelia amis aRqma da gaazreba. eseni ubeduri ada-mianebi arian, bednierebis amaod maZiebelni. mwerali gviCve-nebs maTi sulis naperwklebs, romlebic inTeba da qreba, sam-wuxarod, aravin aris am naperwkalTa gamRvivebeli, piriqiT, cxovreba Tavisi sastiki da bneli nabijebiT gulmodgined aqrobs yovel gamonaTebas, Tumca mkiTxvels bolos mainc ar rCeba usaSvelobisa da gamouvalobis gancda, radgan es adamianebi kvals toveben maTs STabeWdilebaSi da aRZraven damyayebul-daWaobebuli viTarebis Secvlisken, sakuTari Ta-visa Tu Tavisuflebis mosapoveblad aqtiuri moqmedebisken.

piesaSi ixateba qarTveli emigrantebis bedi. STambeW-davia epizodebi, rodesac personaJebi TavianT qveyanas ixseneben. magaliTad, roca qali saubrobs ucxo qveyanaSi liandagebs Soris amosul tyemlis xeze, romelic idga `said-anRac movlenili, saidanRac, saidanRac nayofdaxunZluli, ase euli, im nacrisfer, moRrublul dRes~. mere am tyemals dakrefs, SeigrZnobs mis `saTuT, macocxlebel sigriles~. mere daeZebs ombalos, radgan mis gareSe warmoudgenelia tyemlis sawebelis moxarSva. `aklia sasicocxlod... umTav-resad... sunTqva, suli, STagoneba aklia da amden daxlebze versad am ucxo xmebSi am ucxi komfortul qalaqSi versad, vano, versad da mudmivad vfiqroba – vaime, vaime, Cemi tye-mali, vaime, ombalos molodinSi ar gamifuWdes, vaime, da vucvli pamperss im moxucebul qals da vfiqrob – vaime, sad-me ombalo, vaime, da es igive suls gayraa xorcTan, vano, es igive verSeyris koSmaria da...~. mere botanikur baRSi miagno laTinuri da germanuli warwerebiT firniSze, induri egzo-tikuri mcenareao: `davwvdi, movwyvite, gavqroldi da guli yelSi mebjineboda, xolo ombalos cremlis sisveled Cems muWSi, vano, da surnelad da mopovebul netarebad~. ombalo-Si gaerTianda yvela sasiamono monatrebuli gancda saqar-Tveloze. `calkeul sityvebs cxovreba da gamocdileba iseT emociur iers aniWebs, rac sruliad ucxoa maTi yoveldRi-uri mniSvnelobisTvis~, – wers Tomas mani romanSi `doqtori faustusi~.

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mkiTxvelic xelSesaxebad grZnobs qarTuli samzareu-los ganumeorebel aromatebs, surnels, romelic mxolod mSobliur garemoSi trialebs da SeigrZnoba. am detaliT mweralma SeZlo qalis sulieri tkivilis siRrmiseulad warmoCena.

irakli samsonaZe daSlil samyaros xatavs. absurdul situaciebSi moxvedrili personaJebi gadawyvetilebas ver iReben. scenidan darbazSi gadmodis piesis sivrce. mayure-belic im saerTo absurdis Cumi monawilea.

piesaSi `postsabWouri skveri – tragikomedia oTx su-raTad~ warmoCenilia, ra kvali datova sabWoTa ideologiam adamianebze. piesis moqmedi gmirebi gacocxlebuli qandake-bebi arian, isini skverebsa da baRebSi dganan mitovebulni, gaZarculni, garegnulad mozeime, Sinaganad ki – ubadruki warsulis mowmeni.

`devnili RmerTis~ xanaSi, rodesac adamianebi malulad Sediodnen eklesiaSi xatebis win salocavad da sanTlebis dasanTebad, zeimobda sxeulis sijansaRis kulti. sabWoeTSi yovel nabijze SexvdebodiT kunTmagar qalebsa da kacebs, xelSi namgal-uroTi, ara ubralod saSromlad, aramed TiT-qos mTeli samyarosa da, upirvelesad, RvTis winaaRmdeg sab-rZolvelad SemarTulT.

piesis moqmedeba postsabWour skverSi viTardeba. mwe-rali kargad gvixatavs im sivrces, romelSic personaJebma unda imoZraon: `scenis centrSi kvarcxlbeki. kvarcxlbek-ze qandakadqceuli, trikoamocmuli qal-vaJi. gogos nam-gali uWiravs, biWs – uro, cali fexi mouxriaT, meore ukan gauzidavT, sxeulebi win wauxriaT, gasafrenad gamzadebul raketebs hgvanan~. eseni piesis mTavari moqmedi gmirebi: fiz-kultureli gogo da fizkultureli biWi arian. isini ga-nasaxiereben sabWoTa drois naSTebs, romlebsac jer kidev SerCeniaT sicocxlis unari, amitomac aris, rom laparako-ben, fiqroben, ganicdian da yovelive imis monawileni arian, rac Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi xdeba. maT dialogSi ixateba sabWoTa dro, rodesac partiis msaxureba iyo upirvelesi, am msaxurebas religiuri Tayvaniscemis ieri dahkravda da yvel-gan iWreboda.

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mwerali gviCvenebs, dro rogor moqmedebs adamianis su-lier ganviTarebaze. erTi mxriv, moCanan qandakebebSi xorc-Sesxmuli idealebi sabWoTa epoqisa, meore mxriv ki, post-sabWoTa axalgazrdebi. rogorebi arian isini? Tavisufalni da laRni? samwuxarod, ara. mzia saxlmmarTvelia, samuSaos-gan gamofituli, gamomSrali da gaborotebuli, radgan aRa-ravin aRiqvams qalad, sarTulidan sarTulze daexeteba da aTasgvari gadasaxadis fuls krebs. erTaderTi, razec ocne-bobda, milicioner biWTan Sexvedra iyo, Sexvda kidec – re-zos, martoxela karlo bagaris cxedris amocnobisas gaicno, imdeni gabeda, rom swored am skverSi Sexvedra sTxova. Cvenc swored am dros vecnobiT, qandakebebTan mosaubres, re-zos molodinSi. rezoc gamoCndeba, TokiT xelSi, gauparsavi, mouvleli, Wilyvavs gamodevnebuli, ubadruki da ara iseTi, rogorsac mzia mTeli sicocxle eloda. rezos saxe amZaf-rebs piesis politikur Sinaarss, kerZod, is mianiSnebs, `gaxr-wnili politikuri sistemis~ pirobebSi rogor mravldebian avazakebi, kacismkvlelebi. marTalia, xelisufleba Seicva-la, magram es TiTqos arafers niSnavs, adamiani isev dabmu-lia, mibmulia axal politikur ideals, romelmac Tu moin-doma, rogorc rezo ambobs, sakuTar mamas mogakvlevinebs da dedas SegrTavs colad. amgvarad, piesaSi bedisweris Temac SemoiWreba. droni icvlebian, magram adamiani bedisweris monad rCeba. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom swored bedisweris bra-lia, rom mavani sabWoeTSi gaCnda an postsabWoeTa periodSi – aRreuli zneobrivi faseulobebis xanaSi: `bedisweris msax-vrali xeli... istoriuli gardauvaloba... stagnaciisTvis var ganwiruli da amas versad gaeqcevi... politikuri sistema lpeba~, – ambobs rezo.

imis saCveneblad, rom sabWouri ideologia isev cocx-lobs da arc momavalSi emuqreba raime, dafexmZimuli fiz-kultureli gogos alegoriiT gviCvenebs. fizkultureli biWi ki omSia wasuli. TandaTan piesa sul ufro fantasmago-riuli xdeba – kvarcxlbeki sacxovrebel binas emsgavseba. omidan damarcxebuli fizkultureli biWi isev sadRac mi-dis – axla saSovarze. forToxlis plantaciebSi, ucxo qveya-

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naSi monurad unda iSromos. es yovelive ireklavs meoce sa-ukunis 90-iani wlebis saqarTvelos viTarebas. fizkulturel gogos biWi SeeZineba. MEmere Svilis gasazrdelad ZvelmanebiT vaWrobas iwyebs da ase, mkiTxvelis Tvalwin – ori ojaxi – qandakebebisa da xorcieli adamianebisa erTmaneTs emsgavseba. qandakebaTa ojaxi ufro gamZle da amtanic aRmoCndeba. pata-ra rezo gaizrdeba, mwmendavi gaxdeba da kvarcxlbekze Tavi-sive xeliT mokluli mamis (maminacvlis) adgils daikavebs.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom piesis komikuri epizodebi avto-ris did tkivils warmoaCenen – is iyureba warsulSi, raTa daavadebuli awmyos wamali aRmoaCinos, magram, samwuxarod, ver poulobs. mkiTxvelsac usaSvelobisa da gamouvalo-bis gancdas utovebs. `aravis aqvs ufleba Cvengan optimizms iTxovdes. Cven movaleni varT, gavigoT imaTi Secdoma, vinc ver gauZlo sasowarkveTilebis ZalTa mosevas, Tavs ufleba misca patiosani saxelisTvis Cirqi moecxo da Tanamedrove nihilizmis ufskrulSi gadaCexiliyo~, – wers alber kamiu Tavis sanobelo sityvaSi.

piesaSi `saRamos baRSi, rogorc ferad sizmarSi – fan-tasmagoria erT moqmedebad~ – warmoCenilia afxazeTis omis tragedia da gaubedurebuli adamianebi, romelTac Tavic daukargavT, samSobloc da mTeli samyaroc (piesa baTumis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatul TeatrSi daidga 2005-2006 wlebSi).

avtori piesas TviTonve ganmartavs, rogorc fantasma-gorias, rac realobisa da warmosaxvis srul aRrevas gulis-xmobs. marTlac, mkiTxveli ver arCevs sad iwyeba erTi, an sad mTavrdeba meore.

piesaSi sul Svidi personaJia: Tazo, misi yofili coli (niu) qmriTurT (aCiko). keso, Teatris administratori gab-rieli, Tazo misi megobaria, dazmiri (sabWoeTSi gavrcele-buli ucnauri saxeli-kompozitiT, romelic realurad, sami rusuli sityvis abreviaturaa: `da zdravstvuet mir~). igi scenis muSa da denis CamWrelia.

avtori ase gvamzadebs moqmedebisTvis: `postrevoluci-uri saqarTvelo, Cveni dReebi. moqmedeba saprivatizacio

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nusxaSi Setanili Teatris SenobaSi xdeba. scenaze mimoyrili nivTebi. gveufleba gancda, TiTqos nagavsayrelis, an Tundac nangrevebad qceuli saxlis mxilvelni varT. Tumca es arc nagavsayrelia da arc nangrevebad qceuli saxli. uSinaarsod, usagnod mimoyrili Teatraluri rekvizitebia scenaze. maT Soris, yofiT nivTebsac vxedavT – navTquras, televizors, skamebs da a. S.

gabrieli ambobs: `Teatri bordelad gadaiqca~ da am fra-ziT kargad gamoxatavs im viTarebas, romelic qveyanaSia Seq-mnili. xelovneba aRaravis ainteresebs, yvela mxolod imaze fiqrobs, rogor moipovos sarCo-sabadebeli da rogor gada-irCinos Tavi. personaJebi saubroben TavianT gaWirvebaze – gabrieli rols veRar TamaSobs, Tazos coli gaqcevia, keso viRac kacebs iRebs. mTavri isaa, rom am adamianebs erTmaneTi-sa ar esmiT. erTs meoris ambavi ar aRelvebs. TavianT ambebs viTom uziareben erTmaneTs dardis gasaqarveblad, magram dardi arsad midis, radgan arc namdvili TanagrZnobaa da arc gaziareba. TiTqos jojoxeTia. mwerali dakargul ada-mianebs xatavs, usayrdenoebs, gamosavali rom ver upoviaT da dabneulni daborialoben. erTmaneTs `CamosawerebSi~ gasu-lebs eZaxian. ase moeqca maT `axali revulucia~ (igulisxmeba 2003 wlis vardebis revolucia). kesos Tavi aqvs damwvari – qaClad iqca. kesos klientebis datovebuli fuliT gaaqvT Tavi Tazosa da gabriels. isini yvelani nakacrebi arian.

piesaSi televizors Semoaqvs realobis meore plani – aq Tazos coli axali qmriT – aCikoTi gamoCndeba. isini TiTqos bednierebi arian. niu Jurnalistia, aCiko – konfliqtolo-gia. parodirebulad aris warmoCenili satelevizio sivrce, romelic adamianebs realobis SegrZnebas ukargavs. aTasgvar SouSi wamyvanebi msjeloben iseT Temebze, romlebsac aravi-Tari kavSiri ara aqvT yoveldRiur gaWirvebasTan. magali-Tad, qalaqSi Sahidi qali gamoCenila, globaluri proble-mebi, terorizmi, teraqtebi...

kesos ocneba fiWvis tyeze warmoaCens iluziebis msxvre-viT gamowveul tkivilebs, Tumca am fiWvis tyes Semoaqvs swored imedis sxivi bnel yofaSi.

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piesa savsea saxarebiseuli da literaturuli aluzi-ebiT, romlebic aRrmaveben piesis Sinaarss da personaJebs sikeTisa da borotebis simboloebad warmoaCenen. samyaroSi mudmivad grZeldeba brZola naTelsa da bnel Zalebs So-ris, mTavaria, adamianma ar dakargos kavSiri RvTaebriv sam-yarosTan, ar amoiSanTos suli da sxeulis gaxrwnis pirobeb-Sic sjerodes xsnisa da gadarCenisa.

piesa `cicqna goliaTi – Cveni komikuri absurduli erT moqmedebad~ erTmaneTisgan sruliad gaucxoebul col-qmars gvixatavs, romelTac isic ar ician, bavSvs ra sqesi da ra asa-ki aqvs. Semdeg aRmoaCenen, rom orsqesiania. isini gaucxoe-bulni arian yvelasa da yvelafrisgan. amZimebT `Waobiani~ warsuli, Sesabamisad, verc awmyoSi gaukvleviaT gza.

`ise gulmodgineT vSliT kvals, rom mexsierebac gveS-leba xandaxan~, – eubneba qmari cols. mkiTxveli ver arkvevs, vin arian isini, qurdebi, mkvlelebi, saxelmwifo moxeleni Tu teroristebi. isini droisagan SeSlil adamianebs hgvanan, romelTac Tavi ver dauRweviaT warsulisagan. isini igone-ben, rogor daxoces bebia-babua da mSoblebi, magram maTi aCrdilebi maTTan arian. umomavlobisa da uperspeqtivobis gancda amZimebs maT awmyos. gamudmebuli areuloba, mitingebi, partiuli brZolebi da qveyanaSi atexili gauTavebeli ayal-mayali maT klavs, rogorc pirovnebebs. isini ver garkveulan viTarebaSi, swori gza ver aurCeviaT. warsulze SurisZiebas maTTvis arc bednierebis SegrZneba moaqvs da arc samomavlo imeds usaxavs. `Cven aravis, sruliad aravis vWirdebiT~ – am sasowarkveTili amoZaxiliT aris gamsWvalulli mTeli piesa. isini afeTqeben qalaqs, sxvis saxlebs da TviTonac feTqdebian, Tumca piesis bolos aRmoCndeba, rom es mxolod koSmaruli sizmaria.

`vanilis motkbo, sevdiani surneli~ (komedia or moqme-debad) Tbilisis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis akademiur TeatrSi daidga 2006, 2007 da 2010 wlebSi, reJisorebi: ro-bert sturua da andro enuqiZe. piesaSi ojaxuri problemebi, TaobaTa urTierToba da gaucxoeba ixateba. piesaSi gamo-ikveTeba ucxoeTidan Camosuli giorgi, romelsac, rogorc,

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TviTon ambobs, ladiotantis profesia aqvs. piesiss bolom-de gaurkveveli rCeba, ras niSnavs es ladiotanti SesaZloa, igi nazavia idiotis, mutantis, komersantis da yvela amgvari sityvebis, romlebic adamianis garkveul suliersa Tu so-cialur mdgomareobas ucxo terminebiT aRniSnaven. am pie-saSic gaucxoebis problemaa mTavari. piesis epizodebi am si-tyva ladiotantis irgvliv lagdeba. personaJebi cdiloben jer sityvis, Semdeg giorgis pirovnebis amocnobas. am gamo-canas sTavazobs avtori mkiTxvels – vin iyo giorgi da rad aqcia igi drom da garemoebebma? ufro zogadad ki, ra bedi aqvs adamians Tanamedrove globalur samyaroSi, ganviTare-buli teqnologiebis xanaSi. ra emarTeba adamianis sulsa da zneobas? vanilis motkbo surneli ki dakarguli idealebis simboloa.

piesaSi `meTevze erTi, ori... – dramatuli igavi erT moq-medebad~ – ucxo miwaze daxocil qarTvel jariskacTa bedia warmoCenili. istoriulad, xan mameluqebi iyvnen qarTvele-bi, xan ianiCrebi, xan voluntierebi. es ar Secvlila arc dRes. erTi Tu internacionaluri misiiT ibrZoda, meore – saerTa-Soriso usafrTxoebisTvis.

piesaSi ori adamiani xvdeba erTmaneTs, erTi bediT – ori-ve axalgazrda daiRupa. maTs dialogSi TaobaTa Soris ur-TierTobaa warmoCenili.

mwerali migvaniSnebs ambis igavurobaze – es mkiTxvels ubiZgebs personaJebi Tu maTi urTierTobebi alegoriu-lad gaiazros, teqstSi simboloebi eZebos da qveteqstebi amoikiTxos.

saxelebi – ufrosi wertila, umcrosi wertila – am adamianebis raobaze mianiSneben. isini usazRvro samyaro-Si mcire wertilebi arian mxolod, TavianTi patara saz-runavebiT. ufrosi da umcrosi, meTevzeebi davoben um-niSvnelo wvrilmanebze

`Tevzaoba sicocxlis upirvelesi niSan-Tvisebaa~, – am-bobs ufrosi wertila. cxovrebaa zRvaa da adamians mova-leobaa daiWiros Tevzebi, saqme aq akeTos. aris gadaZaxili hemingueis `moxucsa da zRvasTan~. iqac moxuci meTevze didi

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Tevzis daWeraSi naxulobs cxovrebis sazriss. swored Te-vzaoba SeagrZnobinebs, rom adamianis damarcxeba SeuZlebe-lia. an herman melvilis `mobi diki~ – TeTri veSapis devnaSi kapitani sakuTar Tavs da samyaros kanonzomierebas Tanab-rad Seimecnebs.

ufrosi meTevze am adgilas saTevzaod ki ar modis, aramed dasasveneblad, Tumca Zuagawyvetili ankesi Tan moaqvs – `eg kide sakiTxavia, me daviCeme es adgili Tu am tbam da tirifma damiCemes~. Tevzebze davasa da baqibuqobaSi, Tu vis ramdeni dauWeria, TandaTan gamoikveTeba ufrosi wertilis ucnau-roba, simboluroba: `xedav im goras, iq rom mze amoiwvereba, isev Cems xetials unda Sevudge, erTi ori, erTi ori, ucxo miwaze, ucxo cis qveS; amitomac gTxov, damasvene Cems skamze, sadac wlidan wlamde, weliwadSi erTxel meZleva Camojdomis saSualeba.

piesaSi xSirad SemoiWreba ironia: `Tu wertilas geZaxian, ra Zaxilis niSaniviT iWimebi!~

TaobaTa Soris gansxvavebas isic gamoxatavs, Tu rome-li enis gavlenas ganicdian dialogis monawileni. umcro-si ambobs: `me Fullstop-s meZaxdnen xolme... wertils niSnavs inglisurad~.

ufrosi : ̀ me ̀ toCkas~, rusulad niSnavs wertils~. umcro-sis dabaSi mze dasavleTidan amodioda, ufrosisa – Crdilo-eTidan. umcrosi inglisurad igineba, ufrosi – rusulad. piesaSi SemoiWreba dRevandelobisTvis aqtualuri politi-kur-kulturuli orientaciis sakiTxi: evropa da ruseTi? ufrosi internacionalur valze saubrobs – ixsenebs, rogor SeiWrnen sabWoTa jarebi avRaneTsa Tu sxvagan. umcrosi – saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebaze msjelobs, roca Seni dabis simSvidis dasacavad sadRac Sors unda ibrZolo, magaliTad, avRaneTSi.

wertila – tradiciuli metsaxelia, magram moulodne-lobis efeqti maSin Cndeba, rodesac zedmetsaxel `werti-las~ sul sxva interpretacias gvTavazobs mwerali. ufrosi ambobs: `wertilas ufro imitom meZaxdnen, rom yvela daZa-bul saubarSi bolo wertils me vsvamdi~. aRmoCndeba, rom um-

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cros wertilasac amitom eZaxdnen am saxels da ara mxolod tanmorCilebisaTvis.

isini yvelafriT hgvanan erTmaneTs, magram Zvelma Tao-bam axals unda dauTmos adgili, rac ufrosisTvis mtkivneu-lia – mas, roca ufross ar moswons, rom umcrosi mis skamze jdeba. piesaSi Cans ufrosis sabWouri warsulis gamocdile-ba. ufrosi umcross: `Zalian axlodan Zalian Sors daginaxe~. mkiTxvels uCndeba bundovani gancda, xom ar aris es Sexvedra warsulTan?

umcrosi ocnebobs Tavisi Tevzis daWeraze, romelsac `saxeCi atamiviT yviTeli zurgi aqvs da Tvalwarmtaci zurgi, varskvlavebiT gadanaTebuli RameebiviT~.

oriveni nostalgiiT axseneben TavianT patara dabas, sa-dac odesRac cxovrobdnen. mkiTxvels uCndeba eWvi, es yove-live realobaSi xdeba Tu saiqioSi, sulTa sufloSi. amas am-Zafrebs umcrosis sityvebi: `viyavi Tu var?~

saocnebo Tevzi gamoCndeba, magram Zua wydeba. es niSnavs umcrosis sikvdils: `hospitalSi... samyaros ukidures samx-reTis samxreT provinciaSi... (pauza). deda gaigebs, etkineba...~

moulodelad yvelaferi cxadi xdeba, orive saiqioSia: ufrosi snaiperis tyviT aris mokluli. umcrosi – naRmis namsxvreviT. orive xvdeba msgavsebis raobas. ufrosi ambobs: `Cven xvedriT varT mamaSvili~.

piesis bolos orive xedavs goras, goraze dabas, dabasTan tbas da tbasTan tirifs. es tirifi glovis simboloa. scena-ze rCeba ori carieli skami da ori Zuagawyvetili ankesi.

piesaTa saerTo stilistikidan TiTqos amovardnilia `abeSura – farnavazianTa ukanaskneli dedofali~ (trage-dia or moqmedebad), romelsac mkiTxveli Soreul warsulSi gadahyavs. piesa eZRvneba Tamaz baZaRuas, badri Woxoneli-Zis, vaJa bregaZis naTel xsovnas. am piesisTvis avtors gada-eca istoriul-literaturuli premia `daviT aRmaSenebeli~ (2010). piesa reJisorma nugzar lorTqifaniZem dadga 2003-2004 wlebSi quTaisis lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis dramatul TeatrSi.

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moqmedeba xdeba mcxeTaSi mesame saukunis dasasruls. pi-esa efuZneba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT epizods, romelic mogviTxrobs farnavazianTa ukanaskneli mefis, asfagurisa da misi mxolodSobili asulis, abeSuras, aRsasrulze. yu-radRebas iqcevs piesis ena, romelic mkveTrad ritmulia, gamoyenebulia, ZiriTadad, sonetis, 14-marcvliani ritmi, rac Zalian uxdeba piesas, erTgvar zomier paTetikurobas aniWebs tragedias. Seqspiris tragediebic xom maCabelma 14-marcvliani ritmiT Targmna. piesas fonad gasdevs `ukvdave-bisgan gaTanguli ori SeSlili yornis~ (noes kidobnidan ar-ian) filosofiuri elferiT Semosili komikuri dialogebi. isini gardauval bediswerasac ganasaxiereben da TviTon uk-vdavni, edgar poseuli yoraniviT sazarlad dasCxavian mok-vdavT: `aRarasodes~, romelsac am piesaSi Caenacvleba `far-naozis saxli kvdeba~. piesaSi warmoCndeba farnavazianTa qarTlis bedi, asfaguris asulis, abeSuras tragikuli bedi. gogona Tavidanve warmoCndeba, rogorc martosuli meocnebe, muxas gardacvlil dedas rom eZaxis da mis fuRuroSi emaleba realobas. saberZneTSi qarTlis elCs axalgazrda baqars siy-varulTi sulis ZuZumtes uwodebs. qarTls uWirs arCevnis gakeTeba: `kacma ar icis, visi fexis lokva sjobia, sparsT Tu berZenTa~. sparsTa mefis Ze, 7 wlis mirianic gamoCndeba, dgeba dro farnavazianTa dinastiis xosrovianTa dinastiiT Canacvlebisa. avtori mihyveba qarTlis cxovrebis versias imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTlis erisTavebma asfaguris sikvdilis Semdeg qasres Svili miriani sTxoves abeSuras qmrad. piesaSi ixateba mamis mkvlelobiTa da datrialebuli ambebiT SeS-lili abeSura, usazRvrod keTili, xalxis mosiyvarule, mag-ram mainc yvelasgan mitovebuli da sasikvdilod ganwiruli. piesas msWvalavs erTgvari romantikuli suliskveTeba, rom yovelgvar nazs, saTuTsa da angelosurs devnis miwieri, Wu-Wyiani, politikuri Tu yofiTi intrigebiT savse cxovreba. mwerlis sayvareli `absurdi~ aq scenis miRmaa, magram is mainc SemoiWreba ukvdavi yornebis saubarSi `rZiani yavis xsenebiT~. RalatiT mkvdari asfaguri da abeSura qarTlis cxovrebis furclebSi CarCnen, magram maT bedisweras maTi sulieri na-

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Tesavebi imeoreben dReEs da gaimeoreben xval da amas ubralo adamianur enaze hqvia sinaTlisa da sibnelis dausrulebeli brZola, yvelaze umakoTa msxverpSewirvis ritualiT. abeSu-rac mkiTxvelis STabeWdilebaSi rCeba, rogorc RvTaebrivi naperwklis moulodneli gamoCena yofierebis sibneleSi, sul cota xniT adamianTa sulebis gasaTbobad da gasanaTeblad da mere isev gasaqrobad. is, rogorc giorgi leoniZe ambobs ̀ nat-vris xeSi~, droebiT Tvals mifarebuli silamazea, romelic aucileblad isev gamoCndeba.

mwerali Tavisi piesebiT mkiTxvels `gonebiT TamaSisT-vis~ aRZravs, raTa am gziT, sxvaTa sicocxlesa, bedsa da droSi mogzaurobiT sakuTari Tavi apovninos. `es warmod-gena xafangia, mefis sindiss damaWerinebs~, – ambobs hamle-ti. kamius azriT, sindisi metad frTamalia da xelidan gvis-xlteba, kudSi unda sdio, im mouxelTebel wamSi unda swvde, roca Tavis Tavs avlebs wamier mzeras~ (`sizifes miTi~). am piesebis kiTxvisas mkiTxvelic moaxerxebs sakuTari sindi-sis moxelTebas da cxovrebiseuli absurdis gadalaxvas `mes~ Semecnebis gzaze.

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lali avaliani

VarIa

Mmeoce saukunis qarTuli literatura ukve kulturuli memkvidreobaa, romelsac axleburad wakiTxva, ZirisZiramde Seswavla, uamravi `TeTri laqis~ Tu `Savi xvrelis~ aRmoCena-Sevseba-gamomzeureba esaWiroeba.

arcTu iSviaTia totalitaruli reJimis dros moRvawe, moTvinierebuli Tu mouTvinierebeli mwerlebis uapelaci-od, xelaRebiT ganqiqeba, – sabWouri `troikis~ aRtkinebiT.

ritorikuli SekiTxva: sainteresoa, rogor moiqceod-nen Tavad es gabeduli avtorebi, drois manqaniT 70-80 wlis win rom dagvebrunebina, SeinarCunebdnen ukompromisobas da uSiSrobas?

brwyinvale niWis satirikosi mixail zoSCenko Tavis dro-ze ise `SeaSines~, rom weras SeeSva. misi frTiani gamonaTqva-mia: `Писатель с перепуганной душой, это потеря квалификации~.

* * *komunistebi Tu viTom komunistebi, vicodiT, rom TaR-

liTebi da orpirebi iyvnen. Sesabamisad, Cveni motyueba da gacureba advili ar iyo. Tanac, komunistebs TavianTi `saqmeni sagmironi~ miCumaTebuli hqondaT. axla, beWduri Tu eleqtronuli mas-mediis meSveobiT, TiTqos yvelaferi `Riaa~, `gamWvirvale~, Tumca dRes saerTod ver gaigeb vin vin aris! Who is who?

* * *ucxoelebs fexqveS vegebiT, erTmaneTi ver agvitania.

* * *iyo saqarTvelo, gaxda `ji~ Tu `jeo~?

* * *Tbilisi ucnauri qalaqia, am bolo dros kidev ufro auc-

naurdao, – werda grigol robaqiZe `pirveli~ damoukideb-

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lobis wlebSi. aucnaureba `meore~ damoukideblobisTanave gagrZelda erTob tragikuli elferiT, man mTeli saqar-Tvelo moicva, – samaCablo, afxazeTi, Tbilisi, `omi~ ruseTTan...

saukuneTa mijnidanve, mravalTa Soris, kidev erTi uc-nauroba SeiniSneba: erT xelisuflebas meore cvlis, meores – mesame, ar icvleba mxolod `sibarit-politikosTa~ erTi jgufi, romelic nebismier viTarebaSi Tavs daculad, kom-fortulad, maZRrad da wynarad grZnobs (poziciaSic da opoziciaSic); albaT aseve gagrZeldeba ukuniTi ukunisamde.

* * *sulerTia, goglimogliT gamokvebili dedikos biWi Seq-

mnis Sedevrs (literaturisa da xelovnebis nebismier sfero-Si), Tu TavzexelaRebuli, gaubedurebuli da sxvisi gamau-bedurebeli loTi da narkomani.

* * *poezia, Tavisi arsiT, universaluria, iseve rogorc musi-

ka. magram is sityvis xelovnebaa da, amdenad, wminda erovnu-li fenomeni. globalizacia upiratesad poezias vnebs, pro-zas – naklebad.

qarTuli musikaluri da qoreografiuli folklori, dRes, RvTis madliT, waxalisebuli aris da dafasebulic. igives ver vityviT aseve sruliad unikalur xalxur zepir-sityvierebaze.

Tundac is rad Rirs, rom ocdameerTe saukuneSi, gaSmage-buli da sruliad gauazrebeli urbanizaciis Jams, saqar-TveloSi jer kidev arseboben saxalxo mTqmelebi.

* * *arasdros imdeni ar ulaparakiaT ganaTlebaze, rogorc

bolo aTwleulSi da arasdros ise ar daukninebiaT skola, umaRlesi saswavlebeli, instituti, zogadad, – mecnierebis da swavlulis prestiJi, rogorc bolo aTwleulSi. soko-ebiviT momravlebuli `universitetebis~ bumi, mgoni das-rulda; iqneb akademiis `represirebul~ institutebsac (Ta-

44

vis droze sabunebismetyvelo Tu humanitarul mecnierebaTa saukeTeso skolebi rom Seqmnes) eSvelos rame.

imis mtkiceba, rom saqarTveloSi qarTvelologias upi-ratesoba unda mieniWos da mudmivad mwvane Suqi enTos, rbi-lad rom vTqvaT, cud tonad iTvleboda da iTvleba!

* * *mwerlobaSi asakobrivi `cenzi~ ar arsebobs: arseboben

niWieri da uniWo avtorebi.

* * *ra cota unda adamians, rom gaixaros, magram es cotac rom

ar aris?kidev ufro cota axarebs bavSvs – siyvaruli da misTvis

`daTmobili~ dro.sami wlis aleqsandres `aforizmebidan~: `bavSvs ar unda

cemo, bavSvs unda moefero~.

* * *16 wlis Tineijers movasmenine visockis simRerebi, –

`Чуть помедленнее, кони...~, `Лучше гор бывают только горы~, – ar moewona, Tanac inglisurisagan gansxvavebiT, rusulTan mwyralad aris. vuyvebi: TbilisSi Camovida moskovis saxel-ganTqmuli Teatri, speqtaklSi visocki mawanwalis epizodur rols asrulebda; sul aTwuTian monologSi iseTi arnaxuli gzneba da vneba CaRvara, rom scenaze cecxli daanTo, dain-gra taSiT darbazi...

pasuxi iyo: araaa, rusi cecxls ver daanTebda!

* * *cnobilia, rom bolSevikebma SubliT SeaxeTqes erTma-

neTs qalaqi da sofeli. maqsim gorki – revoluciis `qariSxa-la~, muSur-glexuri saxelmwifos nafici aRmsarebeli, Tur-me cinikurad kiTxulobda: rodisRa amowydebian es briyvi soflelebio (aqac `ormagi standarti~).

glexoba (bunebisagan boZebuli universaluri codnis mflobeli), Tavis miwaze mijaWvuli, muxlCauxreli SromiT

45

mopovebuli dovlaTiT, komunistebs dabrkolebas uqmnida. sayovelTao ̀ gankulakebas~ da Semzarav ̀ golodoms~ (ara mxo-lod ukrainaSi), glexobis masobrivi ganadgureba an koleq-tivSi Serekva mohyva.

ucnauri paraleli:`ra amowydes glexikaci,saqarTvelo daZabunda~.arCil II bagrationi (1647-1713)`megapolisobanas~ TamaSebma (`singapurizacia~, `dubaiza-

cia~, axla aranakleb fantastikuri ram, – `manhetenizacia~ veres xeobaSi), isedac mciremiwian, gaudaburebul, gulsak-lavad damcrobil qveyanaSi gvarianad daaZabuna qalaqic da sofelic; provincia xom suls Rafavs...

P.S. maqsim gorki gvian `aRmovaCine~, studentobisas (sko-laSi maincdamainc mis `sakulto~-komunistur nawerebs gvaZalebdnen); mainc umorCilesad vTxov mkiTxvels (gansa-kuTrebiT axalgazrdas) waikiTxos `saxelgatexili~ gorkis Tundac patara Sedevri – moTxroba `Двадцать шесть и одна~.

axla gorkis ki ara, tiutCevsac ki gamovuCxrikeT `nakli~: rusuli mesianizmi.

nu movTxovT mwerlebs `politkoreqtulobas~, please!

* * *simpaTiuri qarTveli axalgazrda, droebiT Camosuli

germaniidan, teleekranidan gvesaubreba: `Tbilisi aris qa-laqi, romelSic ar icxovreba. gadaadgileba TiTqmis SeuZle-belia, sunTqva Wirs, manqanebisagan Caxergil trotuarze, Tu ar gafrTxildi, – dagejaxebian, sisufTaves aravin icavs~ da a.S.

marTalia, is Tbilisi, romelSic mTeli cxovreba gava-tare, aRar arsebobs, mainc mTeli guliT miyvars. xSirad me-sizmreba koSmari: qalaqis ucnob quCaze var, dabneuli. sax-lSi mimeCqareba, magram gza ver gamignia.

dRevandeli TbiliselisTvis mixeil javaxiSvilis 80 wlis winandeli Canaweri ufro aqtualuria da mwvaved aR-saqmeli, vidre axalgazrda emigrantis mier faqtebis natu-ralisturi konstatacia.

46

`ubis wignakidan~: `Cemo tfiliso: Sen rom saxe gqonoda, erTs SegafurTxebdi, silas gagkravdi. mere fexebSi Cagivar-debodi, muxlebs dagikocnidi da bavSviviT avtirdebodi~...

am Canaweris Semdeg 70 weli gaivlis da `drogamoSvebiT~ emigrantad qceuli aka morCilaZe dawers: `mivxvdi, wigni uk-ve dawerili mqonda. aseT rameebs rom mixvdebi, imasac vxvde-bi, rom rasac TbilisSi weliwadi dasWirdebi, is sxvagan erT kviraSi gakeTdeba xolme... [inglisSi] axlo col-qmarma Semi-fara didi qalaqis gareubanSi... sul isini mifareben xolme, roca ki davatyob, rom mTlad gadavirie da Cemi mSobliuri qalaqi ise miyvars, rom ukve mZuls~ (`santa esperansa~).

* * *gamokveTili individualurobiT aRbeWdil, didi niWis

da SesaZleblobis (da ara SeZlebis), gamorCeul pirovnebas sabWoTa kavSirSi almacerad uyurebdnen, faqtobrivad, ar axarebdnen; ufro monacrisfro, `morCil~ adamianebs hqon-daT didi gasaqani: premiebi, wodebebi, Tanamdebobebi, `Cin-mendlebi~ da a.S.

zemoxsenebuli individebi inteligenturad umklavde-bodnen yvela siZneles, akeTebdnen Tavis sakeTebels, xalxSi did warmatebas, siyvaruls da popularobas ixveWdnen, magram upiratesad mainc sabWoTa gagebiT – Rarib `saSualo klass~ miekuTvnebodnen. swored isini iyvnen `marili qveynisaÁ~...

ssrk-dan samudamod wasvla (gaqceva), rac ase xSiri iyo rus disidentTa Tu xelovanTa Soris, samSoblos dakargvas udrida. saqarTveloSi mxolod erTeulebma airCies es gza.

droebam moitana da, Tavisi niWis daxvewis, ganviTarebisa da profesiuli winsvlis survilma mraval qarTvels aaRebi-na gezi ucxoeTisaken.

ra Tqma unda, gvaxarebs TanamemamuleTa warmateba ucxo-eTSi, maTi mcdeloba saqarTvelos sasikeTod.

CvenSi saxelovnebo `saSualo klasi~ (upiratesad – dasav-luri gagebiT anu SeZlebuli da dafasebuli) ar arsebobs. literaturisa da xelovnebis mentaluri da esTetikuri ze-gavlena xalxze dakninebulia.

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`grandiozulma~, `pompezurma~ Soum waleka kulturuli sivrce.

saxelmwifos Zlieri mxardaWeris gareSe, usaxsrod dar-Cenili maRali xelovneba ganwirulia.

* * *sagangebo politikur-ekonomikuri ganaTlebis gareSec

advili misaxvedria, rom ganwirulia is patara qveyana, rome-lic globalizaciis mdare lavas taSituSiT da zar-zeimiT, nebayoflobiT waelekvineba: fundamentur mecnierebebze, humanitaruli kulturis umaRles gamovlinebebze (mwerlo-ba, Teatri, kinematografi, musika, saxviTi xelovneba...) da, rac mTavaria, sulierebis primatze Tu aTaswlovan erovnul tradiciebze aiRebs xels.

ra elis am ers, miT umetes, Tu `civiluri~ (anu civili-zebuli – raSic dRes pragmatul-teqnologiuri mxare ufro igulisxmeba) qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavze sayrelad aqvs teritoriuli, socialuri, politikuri Tu zneobrivi problemebi.

Cveni masmediisa Tu politikuri speqtris moRvaweTa erT, arcTu mcirericxovan nawils, ratomRac, `civiluri~ (aras-amxedro, samoqalaqo) da `civilizebuli~ (vinc civilizacias miaRwia, civilizacia aiTvisa) sinonimebi hgonia.

baraqala `sabWoTa~ enaTmecnierTa im brwyinvale gunds, `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ rvatomeuli (1951-1964) rom gvianderZa, Tumca cnobarebi aRar aris `moTxovna-di~ da `kiTxvadi~...

Sinauric da gareulic xSirad gvmoZRvravs: saqarTvelo axla mainc unda CaerTos civilizebul erTa ferxulSio.

`maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~, roca civilizaciis (`ama Tu im formaciis Sesabamisi done sazogadoebrivi ganvi-Tarebisa da materialuri kulturisa~) meore definicias vkiTxulob: `barbarosobis momdevno safexuri kacobriobis ganviTarebisa~; martivi logikiT, saqarTvelo barbarosuli qveyana gamodis!

`asureT-babilonis momswreebs telegrafisa da eleqt-ronis xanamde mogviRwevia da dRes garemoeba iseTi dagvid-

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ga, rom iZulebulni varT Cvens vinaobis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT: icodeT, Tanamedrove xalxno da Senc ruseTis inteligenci-av, rom Cvenca varT. swored bobCinskis mdgomareobaa: Нет, вы только скажите, что в таком то городе живёт Пётр Иванович Бобчин-ский! – vemudarebiT yvelas. ocdaaTi saukunis istoria ki sadRac Caiylapa! Caiylapa igi aramc Tu sxvebisTvis, aramed CvenTvisac. warsulTan Zafebi gawyvetili gvaqvs. rusulad vwerT qarTvelebis Sesaxeb da am qarTvelebis istoria, kul-tura, literatura da xelovneba CvenTvis sruliad ucnobi sagania~ (arCil jorjaZe, werili – `mavnebeli seni~, gamoq-veynda gazeT `droebaSi~ 1909 wels).

`rusuls~ sxva eniT (enebiT) Tu CavanacvlebT, araferi daSavdeba: viTareba dResac met-naklebad igivea.

`kulturis ayvaveba uenod SeuZlebelia, radgan ena ara marto iaraRia grZnobisa da azris gadmosacemad, aramed igi sulia, xalxis fsixiur ganwyobilebis maCvenebeli~ (iqve).

Tu ocdameerTe saukunis qarTul enas – saurTierTo-say-velpuros, quCur-bazruls, yviTel-moyviTalo mediis Sou-biznesis, Teatris, kinos, mwerlobis, politikuri debate-bis, parlamentis `arasaparlamento~ diskusiebis – mozrdil nawils mivayuradebT, davrwmundebiT, rom xalxis ukidures zRvramde misuli `fsixiuri ganwyobileba~, SesaZloa, male fsiqozSi gadaizardos.

utrirebisaTvis bodiSs vixdi, magram silaSi TavCargu-li siraqlemis pozas an qarTuli enis danagvianebisadmi srul gulgrilobas arsebuli viTarebis hiperbolizacias vamjobineb.

* * *`yviTel~ mediaSi TiTqmis gaqrobis pirasaa `araxmare-

badi~, miviwyebuli sityvebi (cnebebic): wesiereba, keTilSo-bileba, Tavmdabloba, erTguleba, didsulovneba, sindisi, sinanuli, umwikvloba...

gamoTqmebi – urcxvoba, ampartavnoba, trabaxi, yoyoCoba, Sublis ZarRvis gawyveta, kudabzikoba da a.S., – Canacvlebu-lia `gamoyenebadi~ sityvebiT: agresiuloba, provokacia,

49

TviTreklama, skabrezuloba, uxamsoba, epataJi... es yvelafe-ri `Tavisuflebad~ moiazreba da, ratomRac `piarad~ (P.R – Publik relations –sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi) saRdeba. TeT-ria piari Tu Savi, amas aravin dagidevT, masa orives ankesze Tanabrad egeba, sulierad Raribdeba da Clungdeba; piris aqafebac aranormatiuli leqsikiT lamis normad iqca.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom skabrezulobis mxriv arasamTav-robo seqtori zedmiwevniT koreqtulia, magram misi erTi nawilis metyveleba erTgvar `subkulturul~ stilad Camo-yalibda, romelic yurSi ekaliviT gvesoba. movismine, ro-gor daabnia kargi qarTuliT gamorCeuli, sazogadoebrivi radios gadacemis wamyvani qalbatoni respondentTa (qal-vaJi ori sxvadasxva NGO-dan) gaugebarma, `daprogramebulma~ naubarma, damabnevelma kazuistikam; ramdenjerme taqtianad scada kidec amis gamosworeba, magram amaod.

akaki baqraZe: `gaugebrad, bundovnad mxolod erT Sem-TxvevaSi weren (saubroben – l.a.). erTxel, roca is cudad ician, raze weren, meored, roca demagogiuri mizniT weren da sityvebis korianteliT mkiTxvels TvalSi nacars ayrian~.

* * *zogi viTom mwerali (sxvaTa Soris, – marTla mweralic)

ise eqceva qarTul saliteraturo enas, TiTqos iatakis tilo iyos: ise Seawmends fexs, rom friad uamur kvals stovebs. Tanac es zerelobad, mconarobad, umecrebad ki ar miaCnia, aramed `amboxad~, `gambedaobad~ da `siaxled~. `epataJi epataJad, magram jer qarTuli iswavle, Zamiko!~ (laSa TabukaSvilis erT-erTi satelevizio gamosvlis dros Tqmuli dasamaxsovrebeli fraza).

* * *interteqstualizacia postmodernizmis damaxasiaTebe-

li erT-erTi komponentia, Tanac, – araxalia, ZvelTaZvelia. misma gafetiSebam (rogorc yuradRebis mipyrobis uadviles-ma xerxma) is Sedegi mogvca, rom teqsti mTlianad `dablen-derebulia~; mdabiurad rom vTqvaT, ugemur ajafsandals mogvagonebs. Tumca avtorsac gaaCnia.

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* * *19 wlis fransuaza sagana debiutma – `salami, sevdav!~

imTaviTve moutana aRiareba da didi popularoba. daaxlo-ebiT 30 wlis Semdeg, roca ukve SemoqmedebiT mwvervals mi-aRwia (romanebiT, piesebiT, kinoscenarebiT...) da franguli literaturuli elitis ucvleli wevric gaxda, dawera me-muarebi, romelic umal iqca bestselerad:

`araferi maqvs mosaridebeli – Cemi Semoqmedeba rigiani literatura da patiosani Sromis nayofia. Tavad vici Cemi romanebis namdvili fasi; wakiTxuli maqvs prustic da sten-dalic, es mwerlebi ki nebismiers moaSlevineben yoyoCobas~. Tanamedrove qarTvel avtorTa umravlesobas aseT rames ver wamoacdenineb: zogierTi ki `geniosobas~ sul iolad iCemebs!

* * *ocdameerTe saukuneSi, vinc yovelgvari `sagzlisa~ Tu

`begraundis~ gareSe, gaquculi epataJiT moiwadinebs mwer-lobaSi fons gasvlas, erTob xanmokle skandalur popula-robas unda dasjerdes.

* * *adamianis piradi cxovrebis miCqmaluli epizodebis qeq-

va da saaSkaraoze gamotana (me rom uzneoba, urcxvoba da Seubralebloba mgonia), – aRar aris gasakicxi da, metadre, `dasjadi~ qmedeba.

`cnobadi feisebis~ umravlesoba arc Takilobs Tavisi in-timuri wvrilmanebis gamofena-gayidva-gapiarebas.

xma Tu amoiRe, mogaxlian: televizia sazogadoebis sar-kea, Cven masis `dakveTas~ vasrulebTo. ikvreba mankieri, mo-jadoebuli wre: mayurebels awvdian adviladmosanelebel plebeur salafavs da, imavdroulad, sabolood asamareben mis gemovnebas.

* * *farisevlebo, erideT teleekranze gamoCenas. is gama-

didebel SuSasaviT, rentgeniviT aris: pirovnebis xasiaTi,

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zena Tu qvena miznebi da grZnobebi, isic, – cruobs Tu ara igi, – televiziiT ufro Cndeba, vidre audio Tu beWdur mediaSi...

* * *2001 w.: erTi rusi akademikosi godebs: dRevandeli ru-

suli kapitalizmi bandituri, veluri fenomenia. inteli-genciis 90% ver iyenebs Tavis potencials. ruseTis civi-lizacia mudam literaturuli civilizacia iyo, masac safrTxe elodeba. maskulturis meamboxe uzneobam didi ziani miayena...

amgvari godeba saqarTvelosac zedmiwevniT miesadageba. magram: igive inteleqtuali `moZRvravs~ ukrainas, rom oren-ovnoba misi simdidrea, amitomac rusuli ena meore saxel-mwifo enad unda aRiaros, rameTu esaa mosaxleobis 50%-is mSobliuri ena.

esec Seni akademikosi, midi da am dros `or ruseTze~ ilaparake.

ra dReSia dRes ukraina da rogor`icavs~ ruseTi rusul-enovan mosaxleobas, – daujerebeli da Zrwolismomgvrelia.

qarTveli

`brZola wesebis gareSe~ axali xilia saqarTveloSi, ara-da ukve msoflio Cempionebic gvyolia.

wesebis gareSe, mamlebisa da ZaRlebis Cxubic ki uamuri sanaxaobaa; nebismieri xerxiT erTmaneTis Tav-piris mtvre-va netav ratom iTvleba sportad? Zalian miyvars ragbi, mklavWidi, Zalosnoba, kalaTburTi, miyvarda fexburTic, – roca vigebdiT.

XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze, TbilisSi Catarebul kikboq-singis saerTaSoriso Cempionats gadmoscemdnen pirdapir eTerSi. moxda saswauli: Suqi CairTo! aseT iSviaT SemTxve-vas, rasakvirvelia, xelidan ver gavuSvebdi da televizors `mivesvarke~.

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maSin usinaTlobiT gabezrebuli mTeli Tbilisi ase iyo: oRond deni mosuliyo da, samyaros aRsasrulis pirdapir translaciasac ar gamovtovebiT.

pirvelad ringze holandieli sportsmeni gamovida, – moxdenili (Jan-klod vandams hgavda), mzemokidebuli, er-Tianad dakunTuli, mwevariviT welwvrili, saocrad moZravi da zambarasaviT SemarTuli.

zantad Semoizlazna misi qarTveli metoqe, – mouqneli, TanTala, fiTqina TeTri, dondlo kunTebiT. Tavi gavigiJe: raRa es gamoiyvanes pirvelad, xom gauerTianes cxvir-piri-meTqi?amrezilma isic `gamoviangariSe~, rom erT jerze, al-baT, sam-oTx litr Rvinos dalevda.

daxtis da daqris holandieli, zveravs situacias, xan marcxnidan utevs, xan marjvnidan, mardad asxmartalebs xel-fexs; qarTveli dinjad, raWuli sidarbaisliT irjeba, gul-ze mxeTqavs. ise, xandaxan ostaturad ki iridebs dartymebs, qarTuli Widaobisa da krivis ileTebsac iyenebs. mainc aSka-rad zarmacobs da arc sadme mieCqareba.

rodis-rodis mouqnia xeli Tavdajerebul metoqes da waabarbaca, cot-cota Tavdasxmasac mouxSira, – abarbaca da abarbaca, bolos mZime tori dauZabavad, arcTu gametebiT Cascxo TavSi. axla ki mixvda ucxoeli, wasulia Cemi saqmeo, Sewyvita brZola da Tavi damarcxebulad cno. qarTvelma, kai dedmamiSviliviT Caikra gulSi metoqe, gamarjvebulma datova ringi, me ki imdroindeli eiforia dRemde gamomyva.

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nona kupreiSvili

saiT, Sen, mweralo?

es an amis msgavsi kiTxva, rogorc wesi, aucileblad mo-iazreba im mxatvruli amocanis konteqstSi, romelic yvela xelovanis da, cxadia, mwerlis winaSec dgas. SoTa iaTaSvili am TvalsazrisiT sayuradRebo figuraa, radgan is ekuTvis axalTaobas (Tu ufro davkonkretdebiT, ultraavangardis-tebs), romlis literaturuli TviTrefleqsia gansxvavebul epoqaTa, Sesabamisad. urTierTgamomricxav paradigmaTa ga-dakveTaze warmoiSva da Tavisi arseboba mkiTxvelsa da av-tors Soris arsebuli samsaukunovani urTierTobis rRvevaze daafuZna. nu gaipareba Cvens intonaciaSi moralistobisa da damunaTebis Tundac misxali, radgan is garRveva, romliske-nac yvelaferi midioda, garkveulwilad, Cvenive cxovrebis wesma, ufro ki uwesobam, anu rogorc karlo kaWarava imowmebs erTi Tavisi nacnobi mweral-mxatvris sityvebs, Cvenive `vi-Tom“ moralma, `viTom“ Rirebulebebma da bevrma sxva `viTom“, ganapiroba. axalgazrda avtorebis im pirovnuli emanaciiT ki, romelic 90-ianebis qronosma amoisrola – mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs epataJuri performansebi, mag. cariel gastronomebSi SeWra da leqsebis kiTxva, `trfoba wamebuliT“ universite-tis msmenelis Sokireba, Tu maTi literaturuli ganacxa-disadmi gamJRavnebuli gulgrilobis sapirispirod TviT-recenzirebis konvulsiuri praqtika – gamJRavnda, meti rom ara vTqvaT, sruli moumzadebloba, metic alufxuloba im niadagisa, romelzedac qarTuli avangardizmis sruliad araTvalJuJuna, ufro sworad ki `benzinis“ yvavilebi (swo-red ase erqva SoTa iaTaSvilis erT-erT poetur krebuls, `benzinis yvavilebi“, 2000) unda amowveriliyo.

zemoT ukve naxseneb karlo kaWaravas, romelic lamis yvelaze adrec iyo da sxvebze metadac uWrida Teoriul-analitikuri kalami, imTaviTve aSinebda siaxlesTan, `sxvis tradiciasTan vermiaxloebis“ tendencia, romelic, misda samwuxarod, missave qveyanaSi esoden myari aRmoCnda. saamiso

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mizezebs bevrgan eZebda da poulobda kidec: mag. maSindeli mwerlebisa da mxatvrebis didi nawilis esoden TvalSisacem subieqtur miTologizebul ideologiaSi, romliTac Canac-vlebuli iyo xelovnebis ganviTarebis bunebrivi kanonebi, an kidev Tavisi arsiT Semzarav da maxinj socialur rasizmSi, romlis drosac sazogadoebis klasifikacia `kulturuli Sexedulebebisa“ da `cxovrebiseuli stilis“ mixedviT xde-ba. fonad ki am yvelafrs gasdevda zemodan inspirirebuli sayovelTao Tanxmobisa da keTildReobis iluzoruloba. SoTa iaTaSvilma igive damokidebuleba ufro vualirebu-lad, igavuri formiT gamoxata mcire romanad wodebul Tavis `avadmyof qalaqSi“, romelic profesiiT maTematikosis, si-namdvileSi ki poetis, STambeWdavi eqspesiulobiT dawerili prozauli teqsti iyo (adre vwerdi , da es simptomaturadac miviCnie, rom romanis saJurnalo varianti naomar TbilisSi sakmarisze metad civi sajaros samkiTxvelo darbazSi wavi-kiTxe, romelsac imxanad gaToSili naxevradSeSlili adami-anebi afarebdnen Tavs). Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, rogor unda warmarTuliyo mweralsa da mkiTxvels Soris ̀ avadmyofi qalaqiT“ dawyebuli urTierToba. cxadia, mZafri, SeiZleba asec iTqvas, alternatiuli xedvis molodiniT (sxvaTa Soris, arsebobs literaturis TeoriaSi mkiTxvelis, igive recipi-entis, rikfateris, ielis skolisa da u. ekos paralelurad h. iausiseuli kategoriac, romelsac `mkiTxvelis molo-dinis horizonti“ hqvia). aki TviTon mweralic am periods `sisxlismRvreli wlebis sisxlsavse literaturas“ uwodebs. Tumca amgvari molodini arc ise advilad prognozirebadi aRmoCnda.

2006 wels gamovida SoTa iaTaSvilis poeturi krebuli `sanam droa“, romlis poetur-intonaciurma siaxleebma, mxatvruli formis xarisxSi ayvanilma gamartivebulma leq-sikam, rac erTi SexedviT, Sinaarsis xarjze formis aqtivi-zebad moCanda, amasTan ki garekanis uCveulo dizainma (TeTr fonze iribad gavlebul wiTel nakeravze mimagrebuli wiTe-live feris etiketi, warweriT `sanam droa“) erTobliobaSi erTgvari unikalurobis, calobiTobis gancda Seqmna. momx-marebluri sazogadoebis inteleqtualur bazarze gamodi-oda ara surogatuli, an meoradi, aramed safirmo, pirvel-

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xarisxovani saqoneli, rac iyo kidec axali esTetikuri (Tu antiesTetikuri) produqciis demonstrireba. `bazarma“ es Rirsebebi SeamCnia da 2007 wels krebulma maSin axladdaar-sebuli literaturuli premia `saba“ miiRo. am faqts mohyva logikuri gagrZeleba – qarTuli glamuruli Jurnal `amar-tas“ publikaciac poetis `literaturuli kredos“ lako-nuri SefasebebiTa da didi formatis daxvewili fotoebiT, romelzedac krebulis gadamdebad momRimari simpaTiuri avtori iyo gamosaxuli. `poezia garTulda, / gamartivda ena, / zenas aqilikeben, / pativSia qvena.../ gamartivda yoveli, / gamartivda rTulad,/ mobiluri CarTula,/ guli gamor-Tula“ (`poezia garTulda“). aseTi iyo poetis maSindeli av-torefleqsiis krebulSi warmodgenili konstatacia.

SoTa iaTaSvili, romelic literaturuli procesebis Sesaxeb yovelTvis maRalprofesiulad, sadad da zustad saubrobs (aki amitomac aris kidec artkritikosi anu oTar WilaZis Sesaxeb mis mierve naTqvamis perifraziT, `ara mxo-lod erT klaviSis mwvalebeli~), modernistul-avangardis-tuli tendenciebis gaZlierebas `arilis“ anketis formatSi dasmul kiTxvebze ase pasuxobs: ` XX saukunis {es} (ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba 90-iani wlebi) poeturi periodi me, saer-Tod, erT-erT yvelaze revoluciur etapad mimaCnia qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis gzaze. cxadia, es afeTqeba TavisTavad ver moxdeboda... misi Semamzadebeli 60-iani wlebi iyo. lia sturuas, besik xaranaulis poeziam da kidev ramdenime po-etis Semoqmedebis nawilma mkiTxvelis da momavali avtore-bis TvalSi poeziis arsi, misi buneba, misi SesaZleblobebis diapazoni mniSvnelovnad gaafarTova...“ (`gacveTili Taoba“). moeSva Tu ara sabWour-komunisturi sadaveebi, yvelaze mim-zidvelad nonkomformistuli dasavleTis, gansakuTrebiT ki amerikis, esTetika da ideologia gamoCnda. Tanac, rogorc SoTa iaTaSvili soliduri rusuli Jurnalis НЛО-sTvis da-weril statiaSi `hafizis vardi me prudomis Cavrge vazaSi“ (2003), aRniSnavs, `rusuli `buferuli zonis“ gareSe“. mar-Tlac, axla bevrad ufro xelmisawvdomi iyo is, rasac winaTa-obelebi (l. sturuasa da b. xaranaulTan erTad t. Wanturia,

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v. javaxaZe da araerTi sxvac) fragmentuli informaciebiTa da rusuli TargmanebiT cocxal tradiciasa da sakuTar Zlier poetur intuiciaze dayrdnobiT akeTebdnen. sabWoTa reJimisgan `ganjadoebis“ process unda gaevlo ara marto macocxlebeli haeris mozrdili ulufebis, aramed civi, pir-dapir gamyinavi Sxapis miRebis fazac.

amitom gadaudebel saqmed iqca dasavluri, farTo ga-gebiT, avangardistuli da mis kvaldakval, masze erTgvar reaqciad warmoqmnili postmodenistuli literaturis po-pularizeba; rom araferi vTqvaT, SedarebiT cnobil avto-rebze, naklebad cnobili s. beketis, j. faulzis, J. berouzis, j. keruakis, a. ginzburgis, a. mileris, T. pinConis, i. kalvinis Semoqmedebis gamavrceleblis, anu kulturtregeris fun-qciis Sesruleba; s. sontagis tipis eseistikis gaTaviseba (SoTa iaTaSvilma Targmna kidec am avtoris `radikaluri nebis sti-lebi“, 1999). xolo decentrirebuli samyaros modelirebis konteqstSi, Cveni literaturis mier aqamde gaziarebulis sapirispirod, cxovrebisa da xelovnebis urTierTdaSorebis Tu urTierTgaTiSvis ideis Tamami `esTetizacia“.

momdevno poeturi krebulebi, sagazeTo publikaciebi, maT Soris, qarTuli modernizmis mier ukve gamoyenebuli literaturuli mistifikaciis (gavixsenoT paolo iaSvilis leqsebis darianuli cikli) gadaTamaSeba axali personis, diana vaCnaZis, saSualebiT (`msubuqi, Zalian msubuqi da arc ise msubuqi“ (diana vaCnaZesTan erTad, 1997), zemonaxsenebi am urTierTgaTiSvis esTetizaciis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba iyo. im faqtma, rom diana vaCnaZe Tavad SoTa iaTaSvilia, vfiqrob, ganapiroba kidec interesi Tanamedrove qalis srulfaso-van cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mxatvrul-literaturuli gaazrebisadmi. werilSi `iSviaTi genderuli gulaxdilobebi Tanamedrove qarTul literaturaSi“ (2005) SoTa iaTaSvili miesalmeba tabuirebis demontaJs, Tumca arc imas uaryofs, rom `genderul problematikas zogjer nawar-moebis epataJuri buneba badebda“, ris Sesaxebac dawvrilebiT saubars uaxloes momavalSi gvpirdeba... da aq mivadeqiT Cve-ni werilisTvis sakvanZo, konceptaluri datvirTvis mqone iseT cnebebs, rogoricaa `modernis modificireba“ da `Ta-

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visufleba usasasrulo gaTavisuflebis“ nacvlad. es fra-zebi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris teraqtisadmi miZRvnili maSin saqarTveloSi stumrad myofi vilhelm Smidtis werilidanaa (daibeWda gazeT `axali epoqis“ literaturul CanarTSi `Cve-ni mwerloba“, 2001, № 49/75), romelic amJamad, 2015 wlis noem-berSi aranakleb sazareli parizis teraqtis Semdgom dRe-ebSi Segvaxsena kritikosma levan bregaZem. ai, es amonaridic: `problema maSin gadawydeba, Tuki urTierTgagebis ormxrivi mcdelobis miuxedavad, orive kulturas Soris gardamava-li formebis Seqmna moxerxda. amave dros TviTon modernis gamovlenis avkargianobac guldasmiT unda Semowmdes da mo-dernis modificireba unda moxdes; Tavisuflebis formebi unda moinaxos da igi ar unda iqnes gagebuli, rogorc mxolod usasrulo ganTavisufleba...“ (Targm. l. bregaZis). vecdebi ganvmarto, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba es citacia Cems Temas,

2001 wlis tragikul movlenebs, rogorc viciT, xelov-nebaSi (bunebrivia, literaturaSic) postmodernistuli etapis dasrulebulad gamocxadeba mohyva, im mizeziT, rom J. bodriariseulma hiperrealobam, Tavisi simulakrebiT (ga-vixsenoT: `realoba qmnis, hiperrealoba simulirebs“), gada-fara realoba, srulad daimsgava igi da amiT sakuTari Ta-vic amowura. Sedegad, arsebobs, da zogan marTldeba kidec, seriozuli cvlilebebis molodini (saubari `fikSenisa“ da `nonfiqSenis“ Sesaxeb). am procesebTan uSualo kavSirSia adamianis pirovnuli Tavisuflebis sakiTxic. ara marto Cven-nairi specifikuri istoriuli gamocdilebis mqone, aramed didi Cavardnebis gareSe, faqtobrivad, evoluciurad gan-viTarebul-Camoyalibebul qveynebSic imata Tavisuflebis araadekvaturi interpretirebis magaliTebma. Tavisufleba ga-gebul iqna, rogorc usasrulo nebadarTuloba, Smidtis de-terminirebiT ki, `usasrulo ganTavisufleba“ – yvela aqedan gamomdinare SedegebiTurT. swored es aqvs mxedvelobaSi uaRresad avtoritetul iulia kristevas, roca ambobs: `Ta-visufleba... saxifaTo cnebaa, radgan misi saxeliT moxda (da xdeba – n.k.) uamravi borotmoqmedeba“. es, ase vTqvaT, xelov-neba – literaturis gareT, magram TviT am sferos SigniT?

Cvenc vfiqrobT, rom Tavisuflebis cnebis arasworma interpretirebam, Tuki am TvalsazrisiT arc araferi Seic-

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vala, SesaZloa, seriozuli ziani moutanos Cvens sazogadoe-basac da mwerlobasac da es ukanaskneli mkiTxvelisgan sabo-lood gaaucxoos .

zemoTac vTqvi da gavimeoreb, rom literaturis SesaZ-leblobaTa arealis gafarToeba, iseve rogorc lamis kano-nizebuli metaforizmisa da konvenciuli leqsisgan gamij-vna, Cveni mwerlobisTvis (romelsac im Caketil sivrceSic hqonda Tavisi gamonaTebebi) realur saWiroebas warmoad-genda. avanscenaze unda gamoCeniliyo da gamoCnda kidec dam-kvidrebuli stereotipebis dangreviT motivirebuli Taoba. Tumca sasurvelia, saWiroebas misi srulfasovani gamarT-lebac mohyves. es ki CvenTan problmuria.

Tavis sagulisxmo statiaSi, kulturisa da kontrkul-turis mniSvnelobaTa analizs rom isaxavs miznad (`kontr-kultura da kontrkulturuli adamiani“, 2000), SoTa iaTaS-vili gaazrebulad da argumentirebulad wers: `mxolod da mxolod apolonur xelovnebaSi livlivma adamians SeiZleba kontrolis unari moudunos, daaZinos, TviTdinebaze miuS-vas... swored am dros aris uebari wamali kontrkulturis Tundac mcireodeni dozis SeSxapuneba. kontrkulturaSi didi destruqciuli Zalaa, magram igi magonebs Sxams, romlis garkveuli dozac avadmyofi sxeulisTvis SeiZleba wamali iyos. magram Sxamis nametani gamoyeneba damRupvelia...“

rogorc ityvian, Cveni saTqmelic es aris. da mainc, ra-tom dadga amis Tqmis saWiroeba? uTuod m. xarbedias mier translirebul am mizezTa gamoc: `Cven inteleqtualurad moumzadeblebi aRmovCndiT axali droebisTvis, am drois-Tvis Cveni moraluri sayrdenebi anu RirebulebaTa sistema morRveuli iyo, fsiqikurad arastabiluri xalxi ki amis ga-reSe ufskrulis winaSe aRmoCnda...“ uTuod imis gamoc, rac maSinve gamJRavnda, rodesac uceb dacarielebul saxelov-nebo-saliteraturo teritorias gabrazebuli gogo-biWi anu, rogorc SoTa iaTaSvilma uwoda `gacveTili Taoba“, moadga da aramarto. isinic xom erTgvarovanni ar iyvnen da bevri maTgani Cveuli zedapirulobiT Sexvda nanatr cvli-lebebs: `avangarduli xelovneba Tanamedrove qarTvelTa umetesobisaTvis gaigivebulia TviTgamoxatvis raRac eli-tarul, ezoTerul formebTan. maTi azriT, rac ufro gauge-

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bari, xazgasmulad `miuRweveli“ da versacnobi iqneba amgvari `moRvaweobis“ nimuSi, miT ukeTesi... `avangardi“ Cvens maxinj sociumSi, zustad iseve, rogorc iSviaTi ucxouri tansac-meli, sigareti da germanuli ludi, socialuri prestiJis atributad iqca..“ (k. kaWarava, `ra aris avangardi da ra un-daT misgan Tanamedrove qarTvelebs?“, 1992).

Sedegad dadga araerTgvarovani, magram mainc saerTo maxasiaTeblebis mqone viTareba, romelic kritikosma vano amirxanaSvilma ase Seafasa: `garRvevis mcdeloba `dafiq-sirda“ gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, roca axalgazrda avan-gardistebma daiwyes konceptualizmis gadmonergva dasav-luri poeziiidan, magram axali nergi ver axares, riTac kidev erTxel davrwmundiT (XX saukunis dasawyisis avangardistTa marcxis gaTvaliswinebiT), rom avangardists aqvs gabedule-ba, magram ara aqvs SesaZlebloba... dRes poetebi sxvisi eniT weren, anu weren erTmaneTis eniT... Tanamedrove qarTuli leqsi yofierebas ar aRiarebs... pol eluars rom davesesxoT, poezia kvdeba imiT, rom ar kvdeba...“ (`ara hqmna Tavisa Seni-sagan leqsi“, 2014). droa, davubrundeT isev vilhelm Smidtis definiciebs da am yvelaferSi pirdapir Tu iribad modernis modificirebaze, gansakurebiT ki Tavisuflebis arsis siR-rmiseul xedvaze uaris Tqmis negatiuri roli davinaxoT. axali qarTuli mwerlobis Semqmnelebi ki, rac ufro adre gaiTvaliswineben esoden farTomasStabiani koreqtivebis saWiroebas, miT ukeTesi.

Tumca ar arsebobs Turme sruliad daxSuli `literatu-ruli cxovrebis uperspeqtivo formebi“. amaSi kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs qarTveli mwerlis problemisadmi miZRvnili laSa buRaZis `romani romanis Sesaxeb“. ukanasknel periodSi CvenTan mkiTxvelis metad sagulisxmo gadarCeva momxdara. igi siaxlesdaxarbebulisgan siaxlis damgemovnebelamde gar-dasaxula, romelsac erTxel ukve gamoyenebuli xerxebiT ver miizidav: `adre, Tundac 10-15 wlis win mwerlebi xilulad win iyvnen TavianT mkiTxvelebze, axla ki mkiTxveli (mkiTxveli da ara wera-kiTxvis mcodne masa – l. b.) gaizarda, daixvewa da saxifaTod obieqturi gaxda“ (`romani romanis Sesaxeb“, 2014). moTxovnis maRali standartebi gamoricxavs raime lapsusis patiebas, Sendobas, wayruebas. qarTveli mwerlis gasagonad

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ganaCeniviT gaismis: `dro ar unda damekarga... amis wakiTxvas jobda isev kafka an rulfo wamekiTxa“. netav marTlac ase iyos da Tavis droze v. Sklovskis mier mofiqrebuli `gam-burguli angariSis“ parabola kvlav amuSavdes. maSin namd-vili mkiTxvelebis pirispir darCenas mxolod namdvili mwer-lebi SeZlebdnen.

SoTa iaTaSvili, ra Tqma unda, kargadaa garkveuli am peripetiebSi, razec misi bolodroindeli leqsebic da Jur-nal `axal saunjeSi“ Tavmoyrili masalis xarisxic migva-niSnebs. rogorc redaqtori ras arCevs igi, ras iwunebs da ratom? literaturuli refleqiis rogor rakurss warmosa-xavs? e.w. `meteorologiuri“ striqonebi Tu `mwerlobaSi Ta-vis Seyofis gaiolebuli gza“ uwindeburad miuRebelia da es, cxadia, kargia. darCa `sityvasTan maradiul WidilSi~ Cabmu-lobis gancda, rac mwerlad gtovebs da esec is Ruzaa, romel-sac unda CaeWido, raTa dinebam ar wagiRos. miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes `msoflio danagvianebisa da totaluri ekleqtiz-mis epoqaSi, roca ase Zneli xdeba nebismieri movlenis arsis daWera da misi eqstratis gamoyofa“, SoTa iaTaSvili, ro-gorc WeSmaritad kulturuli da imavdroulad WeSmaritad kontrkulturuli adamiani, dasavluri modelis aRmosav-luris CanacvlebiT iqneb Tu sulac maTi sinTezirebiT ime-dia, SeZlebs srul TviTrealizebas.

sxvaTa Soris, am mxriv sagulisxmoa radio Tavisuflebis eTerSi 2015 wlis 26.04-Si misi saubari frang mweral Jan ru-osTan (Semdeg daibeWda Jurnal `axal saunjeSi“). ruo eqspe-rimentul weras mainc axalgazrdul gatacebad miiCnevs da `sityvis fonetikur instalaciamde“ dayvanas, rac gasuli saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis safrangeTSi ganxorcielda, li-teraturis ganvlil etaps uwodebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom, misi TqmiT, RmerTis sikvdils romanis sikvdili mohyva, ro-manis sikvdils ojaxis, ojaxisas – avtoris, imedi gamoTqva, rom mkiTxveli arasodes mokvdeba, erTi pirobiT, Tu wakiTx-vis survili ar daakargvines. ase Canda, rom SoTa iaTaSvili ufro eTanxmeboda Tavis stumars, vidre ewinaaRmdegeboda. hoda, werilis saTaurad gamotanili kiTxvis (saiT, Sen, mwe-ralo?) pasuxic sadRac aqaa saZiebeli.

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inga milorava

`sazRvrisiqiTa qalaqebis~ aTinaTebi

(guCa kvaracxelas poeturi krebuli `aTinaTebi~)

Tanamedrove samyaro zogadad paradoqsulia, magram rac dro gadis, miT ufro SesamCnevi xdeba cxovrebis sxvadasx-va aspeqtis, adamianis urTulesi da TandaTan kidev ufro garTulebuli Sinagani winaaRmdegobebis, misi Semoqmedebis arsisa da mniSvnelobis sazRvrebis erTdroulad gafarTo-vebac da Serwymac. platons miaCnda, rom poeti unda gaZevdes saxelmwifodan. ufro Serbilebuli versiiT Tu warmovid-genT, poeti da poeturi xedva, albaT, yovelTvis garkveul-wilad miuRebeli iyo socialuri sistemebis konstruirebisa da dacvisas, rogorc raRac Zalian mouxelTebeli, araprog-nozirebadi, mTlianad emociebsa da impulsebze agebuli. racionalizms poezia xels uSlis, farTo da Zlieri nabijiT, zogjer sulac marSis xmaze Caiaros cxovrebis qvafenilze, saerTodac, qvafenilis dagebasac uSlis xels, radgan bala-xis simRera esmis.

poezia sicocxles aclis saswors da xmals da guls sTavazobs.

es yovelTvis ase iyo, swored poeti aZlierebda samyaros Tavisi sisustiT da amave dros xels uSlida mis kargad gaaz-rebul `sqemad gayinvas~. Tanamedrove sazogadoeba, kultura globalurad da aseve calkeuli, metnaklebad jer kidev av-tonomiuri kulturebi aSkarad midrekilni arian am `gayin-visaken~. TandaTan mTel cxovrebas – yvelas da yvelgan Tavs exveva mza sqemebi da SesaZloa, ucnauria, magram es sqemebi zogjer ukidures pragmatizms, simSralesa da sizustesTan erTad Seicavs gadaWarbebul grZnobierebasac – civ, tkbo-basa da yvelafris erTbaSad da erTad miRebis, dauflebis mgznebarebaSive yalb vnebas.

sqema da vneba – isini, SesaZloa, yovelTvis marTavdnen miwier cxovrebas, magram winaaRmdegobis meqanizmebi – maT

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Soris maRali esTetika, namdvili grZnobiereba, poeturi aR-mafrena, sada da ubralo adamianuroba bevrad ufro Zlieri da Sedegiani Cans Cveni Tanadroulobis gadasaxedidan. SeiZ-leba, garesivrcidanac gaeZevebinaT poeti – magram poezia yvela Sresa da doneze, TviT bnel da usastikes epoqebSic ki aRmoufxvrelad ido gulebSi. TviT gulebis didi nawili iyo misi taxti, msgavsad `gulebi gyavs qveSemrdomad, taxti mza gaqvs hgieb saca~.

drois im nakadSi, romelSic makiaveli fiqrobda da werda, Cezare borjia ki moqmedebda, leonardo da vinCis agebulma samyarom mZlavrad daicva adamianurobisa da silamazis tax-ti. Tanamedrove masobrivma `kulturam~ raodenobrivad gaz-rdili jariT Seutia swored am `taxts~ – namdvili gancdis, namdvili siyvarulis, namdvili fiqris – namdvili Sinagani Tavisuflebis. inteleqtualuri manqanebiT, Riad Tu faru-lad, mizanmimarTulad idevneba poeturoba, ifiteba da ufa-surdeba, yalibdeba poeturobis arsi. teqnokratul–momx-marebluri civlizaciis wiaRidan, saZirkvlidan amoglejili da siRrmiseuli poziciis dakargvis Semdeg, zemoT, mTlianad profanizebul brtyel zedapirze amogdebuli poezia ivseba fsevdomgrZnobelobiT, fsevdofaseulobebiT, fsevdosaxe-ebiT da ormagad da asmagad mavne xdeba adamianis sulisTvis. amavdroulad, namdvili poeziis am safuZvlidan, saZirkvli-dan bolomde da mTlianad amoReba, amoWra, rogorc Cans, Se-uZlebelia, rac ar unda didi iyos Ria Tu faruli Zaladoba – es metafizikuri movlenaa. namdvili poezia, rogorc adami-anis gulisa da sulis, anu WeSmariti arsebobis nawili, iqve, uRrmes sulier SreebSi rCeba, Tundac Seviwroebuli da Sem-cirebuli da swored am dros iRebs es namdvili, arayalbi po-ezia gansakuTrebul funqcias, Tundac – misias: is, arsebiTad, gadarCenis erT-erTi mTavari meqanizmi xdeba da ara mxolod zemZlavri refleqsia da sulieri cxovrebis mxolod mxat-vruli anarekli. poezia namdvili sulieri cxovrebis erTi Zlieri SemqnelTagannisa da gadamrCenis misias iZens. paradoq-si: samyaroSi, romelSic gonebam Seqmna axali arsebobis wese-bi da axali fiqcia – emocia, namdvili poeziis roli da mniS-

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vneloba ganuzomlad matulobs, Tumca raodenoba mcirdeba. imis gamo, rom WeSmariti poeturi sivrce Sagrenis tyaviviT TandaTan pataravdeba, misi amocana ki, relobidan gamomdi-nare, izrdeba, dro axal moTxovnebs uyenebs poeziasac da mis Semmecneblebsac – racionalizebul da ganuzomeli namd-vili Tu fsevdoteqnikur–mecnieruli miRwevebiT aRWurvil samyaroSi Semoqmeds sWirdeba meti codna, meti goniereba da Tanac ara poeturi mgrZnobelobis xarjze; Semmecnebels ki namdvili poeziis SegrZnobis im meqanizmis gadarCena saku-Tar TavSi, romelic sabolood mis gadarCenasve udris – Tu, ra Tqa unda, am axal realobaSi mas surs gadarCena, anu ada-mianad darCena.

mZafri gancda, rom poezias SeuZlia kvlav imoqmedos ada-manis gulze, rogorc mis bunebaSia Cadebuli da amave dros Seexos mis gonebasac, uTxras am gonebas, rom is mniSvnelo-vania, magram ara TavisTavad, calke, aramed swored gulis-mieri xedvis ganuyofeli nawili, aRZra guCa kvaracxelias wignma `aTinaTebi~. uamravi fiqriTa da tkiviliT, dardiTa da amwuTieri, arsebiTad, fuWi, magram mainc vermoSorebu-li problemebiT savse dReebSi, saRamoebSi am patara wignma moitana simyudrove, simSvide da daculoba – namdvili mxat-vruli sityvisa da saxis mier mogvrili, albaT, jer kidev bolomde auxsneli Tanadgomis SegrZeneba. sagulisxmoa, rom poetis sityvas misive naxatic udgas mxarSi da wignis for-matSi es mTlianoba azris, xazis, grZnobis da ideisa srul harmonias qmnis.

am wigns Tavisi tempi aqvs. ara marto calkeul leqss – aramed mTel wigns: swrafi da amave dros dinji. esec para-doqsebiT aRbeWdil garesamyarosTan mxatvruli samyaros melodiuri `gasaubrebis~ Sedegia albaT. aCqarebul droSi fiqri moiTxovs elviseburad miRwevas Semmecneblis gulam-de (am wignSi – ganuyoflad gonebamde) da amave dros masSi xangrZlivi, dinji, damaSvidebel–gamomafxizlebel–gadam-rCeneli analizisa da gansjis impulsis aRZvras.

`Cven aq ar viciT iq ra xdeba,

sazRvrisiqiTa qalaqebi gaqceul sulTa

ra wuxiliT ilaxvrebian~.

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`sazRvrisiqiTa qalaqebis~ aTinaTebad unda daiRvaros es wigni. moitanos mkiTxvalemde Zalian Wkviani, dakvirvebu-li, sibrZniTa da adamianuri siTboTi savse Semoqmedis gulis kristalurad poeturi, emociuri da mZafri guliscemis xma da amave dros Seewios, daexmaros adamians eZios am gaciebul samyaroSi erTmaneTTan Serwymuli azri da grZnoba, eswraf-vos wonasworobasa da arsobis aranayalbev Rirebulebas da ipovos azri sicocxlis alSi:

`koconze axla

orazrovani striqonisTvis

aravis wvaven.

da mainc nela yvela iwvis sakuTar alze~.

marTlac, alma garedan mTlianad SigniT gadmoinacvla. am alis aTinaTia es patara mosxletili namcvrev-leqsebic, savse feradovnebiT. TiToeuli maTgani bunebrivad, sru-lyofilad lakonuria, roca uTqmeli araferi rCeba, roca uTqmelad Cavlilis gancda ar arsebobs – radenime striqoni fiqris alsac aCens da iqve mSvenierebis macoxlebeli wveTe-biTve aqrobs.

`mze rom wavida,

broweulis yvavilic Caqra,

mwuxrSi Carguli~.

albaT bunebrivia, rom am wignSi Tavmoyrilma leqsebma iaponuri poezia gagvaxsenos. iaponuri poeturi striqone-bis msgavsad, am SemTxvevaSic aqcenti gadatanilia ara riT-maze – arsebiTad yvela leqsi–aTinaTi TeTri leqsia, aramed sityvis Sinagan SesaZleblobaze: minimaluri saSulebebiT Seiqmnas Rrma ganwyoba da iTqvas didi saTqmeli. iaponur poeziaSi aqcenti mainc frazis ormag kodirebazea gadatani-li, arazedapirul sityvaTa TamaSzec. am SemTxvevaSi ki enis floba sxvanairad vlindeba – poeti ar cdilobs daSifros saTqmeli, pidapir gadmoscems, uSualod, mZafrad, magram minimalizmis moqnili meTodis gamoyenebiT.

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`dabadebidan sikvdilamde –

umokles gzaze –

erTi miyvardi.~

am leqss `sicocxles~ hqvia da masSi filosofiuri idea da mZlavri emocia, sicocxlis namdvili Sinaarsi – siyvaru-li, sicocxlis xanmokleobis sevda, adamianis gzis xati uki-duresad dawurulad da minimaluri saSualebebiT srulad da mZafradaa gadmocemuli. aq yvelaferi zedapirzea, imitom rom daSifvra da gamocanad qceva ar aris poetis mizani – igi Tavisi literaturuli tradiciisa da mxatvruli azrovne-bis bunebrivi nawili da gamgrZelebelia. dinamiuri teqsti misi mxatvruli amocanis Sesatyvisia da im gansakuTrebuli unaris anarekli, rom namdvilad bolomde grZnobs da flobs sityvas.

naTelia, poezia, romelic am wignSi mokiafe wveTebad cviva, lamazia, momxiblavia, esTetikuri tkbobis momgvre-lia, magram, ase vTqvaT, ar aris ioli. arc ioli Casawvdomia da arc ioli gadasatani. azris bolomde wvdomas, miuxeda-vad imisa, rom araa mdidar CuqurTmebs miRma mimaluli, dro sWirdeba, Semdeg ki yvelafer amas: mixvedris tkivils, ada-mianuri arsebobis dramatizms, ase mosxletilad motanils, rogorc tyvias – jer gadatana da Semdeg Tanmdevi kaTarzi-si. sityviT ganwmenda, sityviT mkurnaloba – ierofania ki namdvilad rTulia orivesTvis, poetisTvisac, rogorc sa-wyisi wertilisTvis, ise mkiTxvelisTvis – rogorc saboloo miznisaTvis.

`Tavis mosarCle tribuns

Tuki dasjis senati,

demosi senats

maSin iwamebs~

Temebi am leqsebisa Zalian maravalferovania, Seexeba adamianuri yofisa da grZnobierebis TiTqmis yvela sferosa da sakiTxs. sazogadoebrivi, moqalaqeobrivi azrsa da gan-sjas, moqceulT ukiduresad ekonomiur qsovilSi, iqve enac-

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vleba Zalian faqizi, Zalian saTuTi, zedapirze pawawina Car-CoSi moqceuli, magram siRrmeSi usasrulod wasuli gancda.

`mravlismnaxveli zis moxuci

aryofnis zRurblTan,

cnobiswadiliT

gazeTidan asoebs kenkavs~.

aq aris TiTqmis yvelaferi, rac sdevs adamians – sicocx-le, sikvdili, siberis damarcxeba adamianis cnobiswadilT aRsavse gonebasTan, warmavalobis tkivilic da simSvidec – yvelaferi moqceuli erT aTinaTSi sicocxlis diadi ideisa.

SeiZleba, impresionizmis esTetikis anareklic davina-xoT am wignSi. garkveulwilad, is idea, rom mweralma mxolod CarCo unda moamzados, ramdenime Strixi, monasmi miawodos mkiTxvels da Semdeg mas miandos Sevseba da srulyofa(niko lorTqifaniZe), aq marTlac Cans. Tumca mainc mxolod Car-Cosa da Strixebis TvalsazrisiT. am SeTxvevaSi poeturi teqstebi naklebad iwvevs Sevsebisa da erTgvari Tanaavto-roba-TanaSemoqmedebis impulss. rasac leqsis CarCoSi aq-cevs poeti, sruliad TviTkmaria. samagierod ganzogadebis da teqstis ideis Ziebisa da gaazrebis survils namdvilad aRZravs. xSirad TavisTavad ideac naTlad Cans, magaliTad, namdvili siyvarulisa:

`daibadeba bednierTa iseTi wyvilic,

visac iRbali

Suagzaze ar miatovebs~.

an imedis: `martokaciviT mReris koconi civ RameSi,

SiSneul lodins, gaSiSvlebuls,

Svelis Soridan~.

Tundac Sinagani Tavisuflebisa da daumorCileblobis:

`siavis msaxurT hgoniaT, rom

raki daipyres,

daeuflnen kidevac amiT~.

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uamravi ideaa moqceuli wignSi amgvar erTi monasmiT Sesrulebul striqonebSi, zustad SerCeuli zomis sityvi-er CarCoSi. specifikuri am SemTxvevaSi isaa, rom mkiTxveli arafris Sevsebas da konkretulad warmodgenas aRar cdi-lobs. poeti mas pirdapir akavSirebs Tavis azrTan, zogjer metaforiT, sakmaod xSirad – sruliad sada da usamkaulo striqonebiT an striqoniT. axla mkiTxvelis winaSe am saT-qmelis mTlianad SgrZnebis, Secnobisa da gaazrebis amocana wamoiWreba. guCa kvaracxelias poezia mis gonebasac mimar-Tavs d gulsac – erTdroulad da pirdapir.

`nakvebi quCis sofizmebiT

siZulvili meamoboxeTa

arafers indobs,

modis, moxeTqavs~.

es cxovrebis realobaa, mowodebuli siZulvilis `mkacri metaforiT~ poetis samyaros aqvs erTgvari ormxrivi xedvis rakursi: igi sinamdviles aRiqvams pirdapir, gonebiT, Sesa-bamisi defniciiT warmoadgens, amavdroulad es poeturi tki-vilia da ara mxolod zusti Sefaseba. patara teqstSi aseTi sinTezi ormagad rTulia, TiTqos arc sivrcea sakmarisi, arc dro, arc sityvebi, rom gamWriaxi analitikuri gonebis mier aRqmuli,TandaTan gardaiqmnes poetur saxed, magram swored es Tviseba iCens Zalian xSir SemTxvevaSi srulad Tavs – erT-droulad, ganuyoflad muSaobs goneba da guli, enis srulad flbis meSveobiT ki pawawina CarCoSi, ramdenime sityviT, erTi amosunTqviT gadmoicema azri da emocia.

poeti enis batonpatronia. enis niuansebis srulad, cod-naze damyarebuli wvdoma am poezias Tavisebur JRerado-bas aniWebs. SeiZleba gaCndes gancda, xom ar vnebs enobrivi struqturebis racionaluri gaazreba poetur qsovils? magram yoveli poeturi samyaro Tavisi sakuTari xmiTa da saxeTa da struqturaTa TviTmyofadobiT xdeba sabolood Rirebuli, im SemTxvevaSi, TavisTavad cxadia, Tu is emociur Tanagancdasa da poeziis zemoqmedebiT mogvril amaRlebul

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SegrZebas iwvevs. am wignSi guCa kvaracxelia mravalsaxovan poetad warmosdga.

* * *

`gulCaxveuli butkoebi

elodebian

rodis gadaikiskisebs dila~

* * *

`gon da muxlwarTmeuli

CaeSva balaxSi

xidan gadaCexili Crdili~.

natifi, grZnobieri metaforebi qmnian daxvewil poetur xatebs. amavdroulad poeti metaforas sxva rakursiTac warmogvidgens, odnav ironiuliT, magram tevadi saTqmelis erTi SexedviT, arapoeturad, magram mxatvruli zemoqmede-bis Sedegis TvalsazrisiT, aranakleb poeturad:

termini – metaforebi

`rac ginda Sors iyos mzisgan,

`uzneobis ionosferos~.

adre Tu gvian daewyeba `SeSfoTebebi~.

enis yvela plastis srulad SgrZnebis da gamoyenebis ni-Wi, codna, unari poets saSualebas aZlevs erTnairad Zlieri saxeebi Seqmnas, ase vTqvaT, tradiciulad zedmiwevniT mxat-vruli Tu aratradiciuli, magram amis gamo aranaklebad mxatvruli enobrivi erTeulebiTa da formebiT. aqve unda aRiniSnos saTaurebis esTetikac. guCa varacxelias leqse-bis saTaurebi xSirad misi saTqmelis kari da metaforis gasaRebia. Tundac

Taobis gasvla scenidan

`jaWvSi Cabmuli buStukebi

xorumiT toveben wylis zedapirs,

erTimeoris miyolebiT~.

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an arqetipi

`atatebuli SviliT xelSi soflis pirispir,midis deda – maradiuli martoxela~.

saTaurebi mkiTxvels zustad im kars uRebs, romlidanac

is teqstis dafarul Sremde da mTavar saTqmelamde miva. calkeuli leqsis `elviseburi dartymis~ miRebisa da

Semdeg misi ganWvretis da wvdomis, mTlianad wignis sityvie-ri Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi plastebis (guCa kvaracxelias gra-fikuli namuSevrebi aranaklebi datvirTvisaa mTlianobaSi krebulis aRqmisas) Semdeg garkveulwilad, naTeli efineba am poeturi samyaros or umTavres Taviseburebas:

es poezia erTdroulad Zalian dinamiuria, swrafad mi-dis mkiTxvelamde, magram amave dros statikuria, radgan igi xangrZlivi fiqris, ganWvretis stadiaSi gadahyavs.

guCa kvaracxelias mxatvruli samyaro aris inteleqtu-aluri Zalebisa da Zlieri emociur-warmosaxviTi impulsebis sruliad sinqronulad, gadajaWvulad da ara gancalkevebu-lad, an morigeobiT moqmedebis Sedegi da Sesabamis Semecne-basac moiTxovs.

amave dros aSkaraa misi funqciac, misia konkretul dro-sivrcul lokalSi, gamomdinare am drois specifikidan: namd-vil poezias Tanamedrove samyaroSi sWirdeba axali dinamika, axali xerxebi, axali zemoqmedebis mimarTuleba, rom gaum-klavdes kiCsa da esTetikis, moralis, azrisa da maradadami-anurobisagan daclili, erTmaneTze mijril-miyrili sityve-bis movardnil niaRvars da Tanamedrove mkiTxvels, romelic, rogorc ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes da umklavdebodes kidec, nawilobriv mainc `gadagularZnebulia~ daanaxos, rogoria namdvili poezia dRes: rafinirebuli, daxvewili, inteleqtu-aluri, gonebamaxvili, tkiviliani, siyvaruliT savse, raci-onaluric, ukiduresad mgrZnobiarec, Rrmad analitikuric, gamWvirvale da natific da fiqris lodis Sesaferisad mZi-med satarebelic. sabolood ki erTad Sekrebili gulis pata-ra aTinaTebi adamianisTvis poeziiT da poeziaSi gadarCenis myar, kaSkaSa, mTlian sayrdenad yalibdeba.

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ada nemsaZe

`buSis quCiT dawyebuli demokratiis~

realuri suraTi

(gia lomaZis `salami saqarTvelodan~)

XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis sazRvargareTul litera-turaSi arsebobs termini `dakarguli Taoba~ (`Lost generation~), romelic mweralTa im jgufs aRniSnavs, pirveli imperia-listuri omis saSineleba rom ganicades, momavlis rwmena da imedi rom dakarges da nihilizmiT ganimsWvalnen (e. hemin-guei, f. s. ficjeraldi, e. m. remarki, u. folkneri, e. paundi da sxvani). samwuxarod, Cvenc gvyavs Cveni `dakarguli Ta-oba~. aseTi bedi xvda (Tu uaresi ara) qarTul sinamdvileSi XX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis mijnaze asparezze gamosul mwe-ralTa axalgazrda Taobas (g. lomaZe, m. abaSiZe, m. aleqsiZe, g. baqaniZe, T. Calauri, s. paiWaZe, j. TofuriZe, b. Woxoneli-Ze, q. niJaraZe, a. mxeiZe...). maT mxolod ramdenime moTxrobis dawera moaswres da wamoewiaT kidec susxiani 90-ianebi, sa-dac erTdroulad daatydaT Tavs afxazeTisa Tu samoqala-qo omebi da ekonomikuri ngreva, amis Sedegad ki – sulieri krizisi da Rirebulebebis gaufasureba. bunebrivia, amgvar pirobebSi rTulia SemoqmedebiT ganviTarebaze zrunva. ram-denime gamonaklisis garda, es verc veravin SeZlo. am gamo-naklisebSia gia lomaZec.

rTuli iyo misi samwerlo gza. 1977 wels Jurnal ̀ ciskris~ me-5 nomerSi Semdgarma debiutma (`matarebeli #...~, `wvima~, `molodini~) maSinve miiqcia yuradReba, rasac mohyva: `kaci galavanze~ (1978), `TabaSiris kaci~ (1981)... Tumca yvelaze xmauriani da mniSvnelovani mainc `krosvordi~ (1987) iyo Ta-visi mZafri politikuri konteqstiT da mamxilebeli paTo-siT, moTxroba, romliTac gia lomaZem diqtatoris axali saxe SesZina am mxriv ukve sakamod mdidar mxatvrul prozas (marto samxreTamerikuli literaturis gaxsenebac kmara amisTvis).

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garTulebuli socialuri da politikuri viTarebis gamo 1991-dan 2003 wlamde gia lomaZe profesiul mwerlobas CamoSorda, magram, rogorc aRmoCnda, droebiT – 2003 wels igi tovebs saxelmwifo samsaxurs, namdvil mwerals sxvag-varad arc SeuZlia... magram aq mas kidev erTi usiamovno siur-prizi eloda. sruliad moulodnelad gairkva, rom ekliani gza sabWoTa periodTan erTad ar dasrulebula. rom gvegona, cenzura samudamod warsuls CavabareTo, swored maSin, 2009 wels gia lomaZis axali deteqtiuri romani `salami saqarT-velodan~ `zemodan~ gacemuli brZanebis Tanaxmad aikrZala da gamocema SeCerda! wigns dRis sinaTle mxolod 2013-Si eRirsa. `es wigni 2009 wels unda gamosuliyo... dagvianebis mizezs mkiTxveli Tavad mixvdeba (gamomcemlobisagan)~ – vkiTxulobT Tavfurcelze. ase miiRo qarTvelma mkiTxvelma `salami saqarTvelodan~ 4 wliT gvian.

deteqtivis pirvel nimuSad edgar pos 1840-ian wlebSi dawerili moTxrobebi iTvleba, pirveli cnobili da saxel-ganTqmuli maZebari ki misi diupenia moTxrobidan `mkvlelo-ba morgis quCaze~. swored edgar pom Semoitana siuJetSi kerZo deteqtivsa da oficialur policiels Soris dapi-rispireba, romelSic, rogorc wesi, mTavari kerZo deteq-tivia. amis Semdeg es Janri mTel msoflioSi xdeba popula-ruli. xolo XX saukunis 30-70-iani wlebi deteqtivis oqros xanadaa miCneuli (arTur konan doili, agaTa kristi, JorJ simenoni...). amave dros, sanaxaobrivi da daZabuli elemen-tebis arsebobam deteqtivi kinematografiisaTvis Seucvlel Janrad aqcia. yovelive amis miuxedavad, CvenSi Rirebul de-teqtiur literaturas arc istoria aqvs didi da arc Taname-drove epoqaSi gvanebivreben qarTveli avtorebi. am mxriv gia lomaZe SeiZleba bednier gamonaklisadac ki CavTvaloT. misi `salami saqarTvelodan~ deteqtiuri literaturis sauke-Teso nimuSia.

`deteqtivis, rogorc Janris ZiriTadi niSania raRac sa-idumlo kriminaluri ambis arseboba (Tumc ambavi xandaxan arcaa danaSauli), romelic unda gaixsnas da gamoaSkarav-des. konfliqti agebulia samarTlianobisa da ukanonobis

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dapirispireba-Sejaxebaze, rac kanonierebis gamarjvebiT sruldeba~ (ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Детектив). ambavi gia lomaZis deteqtiur romanSi pirdapir amerikidan iwyeba: niu-iorkis central-parkis mexuTe blokSi xvdebian erTmaneTs sidnei rojersi (`niu-iork taimsis~ korespondenti, SeTavsebiT – centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelos specialuri agenti. Tumca lengliSi swored `niu-iork taimsis~ koresponden-toba miaCndaT SeTavsebiT samuSaod, vinaidan iq mtkiced da ganuxrelad icavdnen prioritets – jer `kantora~, Semdeg yvelaferi danarCeni!~) da centraluri sadazvervo sammarT-velos direqtoris moadgile riCard hofneri. sidnei rojer-sis davaleba aseTia: erTi wlis win saqarTveloSi movline-buli specagenti uolter raili, romelsac aq narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolis jgufi (SemdegSi rom narkobiznesTan da saerTaSoriso terorizmTan brZolis amierkavkasiis cen-trad gardaiqmneboda) unda Camoeyalibebina, uecrad gar-daicvala – piknikis dros kldis napralidan daucda fexi. lengliSi seriozuli eWvi gaCnda, aseTi rangis specagenti ase sulelurad rogor unda daRupuliyoo da swored amitom `niu-iork taimsis~ korespondenti da erT-erTi gamorCeuli specagenti moavlines saqarTveloSi. esaa gia lomaZis deteq-tivis eqspozicia.

`vardis saxelis~ SeniSvnebSi umberto eko wers: `aris ro-manebi, romelTac Svlis sisxarte aqvT da iseTebic, romle-bic veSapiviT an spilosaviT nela sunTqaven~. gia lomaZis `salami saqarTvelodan~ namdvilad gamoirCeva `Svlis sis-xartiT~. kompozicia saocari ostatobiTaa Sesrulebuli. versad SexvdebiT odnav gawelil epizodsac ki. yvelaferi ise swrafad xdeba da iseTi eqspresiuli toniT mogviTxrobs mwerali, rom mkiTxveli sulmouTqmelad misdevs teqsts. Tumc, modiT, yvelafers wesiTa da rigiT mivyveT.

deteqtivi literaturaSi erT-erTi yvelaze, Tu SeiZ-leba ase vTqvaT, `prognozirebadi~ Janria gaCveuli mkiTx-velisaTvis. es ki, upirveles yovlisa, kompoziciur Tavise-burebebs gulisxmobs: viTarebis Cveulebrioba, personaJTa qcevis stereotipuloba da siuJetis agebis wesebis aprio-

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ruloba. `deteqtivis samyaro gacilebiT mowesrigebulia, vidre Cveni cxovreba~, – werda Janris erT-erTi mkvlevari n. volski. bunebrivia, im pirobebSi, roca mwerali raRac dadgenil normebs unda daemorCilos ara marto siuJetis agebisas, aramed personaJTa SerCevisa da xatvisas, igi kidev ufro rTuli amocanis winaSe dgas, radgan unda Seqmnas axa-li, saintereso, daZabuli da Sekruli ambavi. Tavidanve aRvniSnavT, rom gia lomaZe am amocanas mSvenivrad arTmevs Tavs. daviwyoT personaJebiT.

deteqtivs ramdenime aucilebeli, stereotipuli per-sonaJi unda hyavdes: maZebari (profesionali maZebari, moy-varuli maZebari an kerZo deteqtivi), damnaSave, dazarale-buli, mowme da eWvmitanili; maZebars SesaZloa exmarebodnen: kompanioni, konsultanti an TanaSemwe (miTiTebuli vebgver-di). dasaxelebul romanSi TiTqmis yvela es personaJi gvx-vdeba. maZebari am SemTxvevaSi umaRlesi klasisaa – amerikis centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelos specialuri agenti sidnei rojersi. dazaralebuli (misi roli romanSi pasiuria, vinaidan swored misi daRupvis detalebia gamosaZiebeli) uolter railic amave samsaxuris gamorCeuli agenti iyo, anu deteqtivis erT-erTi wesi – dazaralebulsa da maZebars So-ris arsebuli garkveuli kavSiri am SemTxvevaSi daculia. ma-Zebris konsultanti – adamiani, romelic flobs gamoZiebis warmarTvis unarebs, magram TviTon masSi uSualod ar aris CarTuli – aseve umaRlesi kategoriisaa, centraluri sadaz-vervo sammarTvelos direqtoris moadgile riCard hofneri. gamoZiebis procesSi swored isaa mTavari, misi miTiTebiTa da davalebiT moemgzavreba sidnei rojersi saqarTveloSi da ZiriTadad emorCileba kidec mis brZanebebs, garda bolo iniciativisa, romelzec mogvianebiT visaubrebT. maZebars exmareba da misi saidumlo davalebis Tanamonawilea ameri-kis elCi saqarTveloSi jefri jeltric. gia lomaZis teqsti imiTacaa saintereso, rom eWvmitanili pirvel etapze ar ikve-Teba, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gamoCenis Sem-degac mkiTxveli mxolod intuiturad grZnobs, daaxloebiT vin (is? Tu kidev sxvebic masTan erTad?) SeiZleba idges danaSa-

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ulis ukan. rac Seexeba damnaSaves, romelic Cadis danaSauls, faravs kvals da cdilobs Ziebis winaaRmdeg moqmedebas, igi klasikuri deteqtivis kanonebis Tanaxmad, realurad mxo-lod Ziebis dasasruls vlindeba. mwerali ar auwyebs mkiTx-vels imas, risi miRebac ar SeiZleba sxva wyaroebidan Ziebis msvlelobisas, riTac daZabulobasa da interess unarCunebs ambavs. faqts aseve ar hyavs pirdapiri mowme, meorexarisxo-van mowmeebad ki SesaZloa CavTvaloT mwyemsebi, romlebic incidentis dros cxvars mierekebodnen da bolomde araferi ician; aseve samarSruto taqsebis mZRolebi, romelTac, mar-Talia, SemTxvevis adgilis axlos Caiares, magram am ubeduri ambis Sesaxeb televiziiT gaiges ramdenime dRis Semdeg. am-rigad, klasikuri mowme romanSi ar arsebobs. mwerali ise agebs siuJets, rom ar gvxvdeba arc erTi zedmeti personaJi, yvela maTgani met-naklebad ukavSirdeba mTavar deteqtiur xazs. amerikis elCis TanaSemwe jon obraieni, Tarjimani nino iaSvili, prezidentis presmdivani lizi gasviani, aseve uol-ter railis yofili TanamSromlebi – SedarebiT pasiurni arian, magram isini garkveuli Canafiqris ganxorcielebisaT-vis arian aucilebelni. Cans, rom personaJTa galereis Seq-mnisas gia lomaZes sakmao simkacre gamouCenia, riTac zustad miaRwia mizans, praqtikulad nulamde daiyvana teqstSi gaWi-anurebuli pasaJebi da arasaWiro scenebi.

deteqtivis Janris farTo gavrcelebam mis mravlafe-rovnebas Seuwyo xeli. dRes igi ramdenime qveJanrs aer-Tianebs: daxuruli tipis, fsiqologiuri, istoriuli, iro-niuli, fantastikuri, policiuri, politikuri, kriminaluri da a. S. yvela maTgans Tavisi niSnebi aqvs. ZiriTadi maxasia-Teblebis mixedviT gia lomaZis `salami saqarTvelodan~ politikuri deteqtivia. specialur literaturaSi miTiTe-bulia, rom am qveJanrSi `ZiriTadi intriga agebulia poli-tikuri movlenebis garSemo an sxvadasxva politikur Zalasa Tu biznes-moRvaweebs Soris winaaRmdegobaze. xSirad mTava-ri gmiri TviTon Sorsaa politikisgan, Tumca saqmis Ziebisas awydeba dabrkolebebs `Zalauflebis mqoneTa~ mxridan, rad-gan gamoZiebisas naTeli efineba raRac saidumlo SeTanxmeba-

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molaparakebas~ (miTiTebuli vebgverdi). qarTul deteqtivSi es yvelaferia mocemuli. aq erTmaneTs amerikis centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelosa da saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros interesebi ejaxeba. yvelafris safuZveli ki, bunebrivia, politikuri procesebia. `Zalauflebis mqone~ Sinagan saqmeTa saministro (piradad ministri merab saniSvi-li) yvelanairad cdilobs, xeli SeuSalos Ziebas. yvela am niSnis gaTvaliswinebiT, savsebiT cxadi xdeba Txzulebis po-litikuri konteqsti.

`salami saqarTvelodan~ Cveni uaxloesi warsulis ambeb-zea agebuli, imdenad uaxloesi, rom jer kidev kargad ax-sovs sazogadoebas. amitom personaJTa prototipebis amoc-noba arc ise did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es araa mxolod am konkretuli nawarmoebis maxasiaTebeli niSani, es gia lomaZis samwerlo xerxia, romelic man jer ki-dev gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi gamoiyena `krosvordSi~ (diadi dageroidi sabWoTa kavSiris centraluri komitetis ramdenime mdivnis niSnebs atarebda erTdroulad). deteq-tiuri romanis ZiriTadi intriga metad mniSvnelovan dapi-rispirebazea agebuli. saqarTveloSi Camosulma `niu-iork taimsis~ redaqtorma viTom Jurnalisturi gamoZieba unda Caataros da Semdeg amis Sesaxeb daweros gazeTSi. ase iniR-beba da iwyeba specagentis profesiuli (da profesionaluri) saqmianoba.

ambavi swrafad viTardeba, Taviseburia kvanZis Sekvrac, sadac mkveTrad arc Cans, rom konfliqti daiwyo. es maSin xde-ba, roca kavkasionis mTebSi asuli sidnei rojersi sabedis-wero gadasaxedidan ufskruls Cascqeris da Tan uolter railis yofili qarTveli TanamSromlebisgan misi daRupvis ambavs ismens. roca daRupulis qorebis navardiT gatacebaze yveba mirian savaneli, specagenti xmas ar iRebs, arc arafers imCnevs, magram mkiTxveli swored utyuari intuiciiT xvdeba, rom qorebi SemTxveviTi pasaJi ar aris ambavSi. rogorc Sem-deg aRmoCndeba, pirveli eWvi swored aq gauCnda rojerss: `railis TanamSromelTa monayols, TiTqos is yovel kviras uReltexilze adioda qorebis sayureblad, ver gaviziarebdi.

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raili dazvervis oficeri iyo, metad mniSvnelovan, sagange-bo misias asrulebda saqarTveloSi da misi moqmedebac amiT iyo gansazRvruli... Cvens saqmianobaSi emociebi, romantiku-loba da flora-fauniT tkboba gamoricxulia~. SeiZleba iT-qvas, rom aq erTgvar farul kvanZis SekvrasTan gvaqvs saqme, romelsac maSinve uSvebs mkiTxveli. amas mohyveba ambis uaR-resad daZabuli ganviTareba, kuliminacia da kvanZis gaxsna. es Ziebis ukanaskneli fazaa, rodesac rojersi saidumlod, sakuTari iniciativiT gadawyvets, xafangi daugos qarTvel Zalovnebs da amiT sabolood gaarkvios simarTle.

ukve aRvniSneT, rom deteqtivi literaturisa da kine-matografiis Janria. gia lomaZis romanis kiTxvisas ar gto-vebs imis SegrZneba, rom kinofilms adevneb Tvals, TiTqos Sen Tvalwin enacvleba kadrs kadri – rogor Cadis sidnei rojersi alpinistis TokiT kldeze, raTa zustad warmoidgi-nos uolter railis vardnis traeqtoria da `lend roveris~ jalambarze daxveuli gvarliT misi amoyvanis SesaZleblobaSi darwmundes; rogor iRebs yinuliviT civi wylidan wiTeli pomidvrebiT moxatul tomatis qilas da xelSi SeaTama-Sebs Tu ara, mixvdeba, miuxedavad warwerisa, 500 gramze ga-cilebiT msubuqia; bolo scena xom, rodesac qvis samtexloSi gamagrebul, uaxlesi amerikuli iaraRiT aRWurvil lenglis specagentsa da konstituciuri usafrTxoebis departamentis qarTvel TanamSromlebs Soris namdvili amerikuli blok-basteris Sesaferisi ormxrivi srola gaCaRdeba, pirdapir mza kinematografiuli kadria! am yvelafris kiTxvisas tem-pic Zalauneburad swrafi gaqvs, TiTqos realurad mimdinare ambebs kvalSi misdev. magram es mxolod teqstis zeda Srea, xolo is, rac amis qveS imaleba, anu faqtebis analizi, mov-lenaTa mizezSedegobrioba da maT Soris logikuri kavSiri, mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi Txrobis paralelurad lagdeba. yvelaferi es SedarebiT gvian amoinacvlebs zemoT, roca Zie-ba dasrulebulia da specagenti kantoris Sefs dawvrilebiT uyveba yvelafers. am dros mkiTxveli grZnobs, rom es man icis, es mis gonebaSi ukve akumulirebuli codnaa, romelsac maR-la amosvlis saSualeba daZabulma siuJetma ar misca. rasac

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sidnei rojersis piriT ismen, es erTimeoreze dawyobili gamocanaTa pasuxebia, amitom kiTxvisas isRa dagrCenia, mwer-lis pasuxebi Sen mier amoxnils Seudaro mxolod da am war-matebuli amoxsnebiT inteleqtualuri kmayofileba igrZno. es deteqtivis Tanmxlebi gardauvali procesia. igi mkiTxv-els erTgvar TamaSSi iTrevs, amocnobis poetikas sTavazobs, awvdis mas garkveul cnobebs, faqtebs da detalebs, oRond erTmaneTTan daukavSireblad. deteqtivis mier SemoTava-zebuli TamaSis wesi swored amis amoxsnas, faqtebisa da mov-lenebis erTmaneTze mibmas da sakuTari daskvnebis gamotanas iTvaliswinebs, xolo nawarmoebis finali am daskvnebis Semow-mebis saSualebaa mxolod.

axla ramdenime iseT sakiTxze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas, romlebic, zogadad, deteqtivis JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTe-be-li ar aris, magram mwerlis umTavresi gulistkivilia. esaa Tanamedrove qarTuli realobis gia lomaZisTvis niSan-doblivi Seulamazebeli gadmocema. ambavs aseve saocrad aT-bobs da romantikulobas sZens siyvarulis istoriac, rome-lic ostaturadaa gadajaWvuli deteqtiur ambavTan.

`salami saqarTvelodan~ aris Cveni dRevandelobis (mi-uxedavad imisa, rom ukve Cavlilia, giZneldeba mas warsuli uwodo) namdvili mxatvruli suraTi. igi uamravi realuri Strixis Semcvelia da arc ise momxiblav da imedian cxovrebas xatavs: gasastikebuli adamiani, sulieri Rirebulebebisagan daclili sazogadoeba, mTavrobisagan daviwyebuli xalxi da erovnuli miswrafebani... problemebis CamoTvla Sors wagvi-yvanda. saintereso aq isaa, rogor axerxebs mwerali am samo-qalaqo da socialuri problematikis mxatvrul teqstSi or-ganulad CarTvas. gia lomaZe am SemTxvevaSi ilias `mgzavris werilebiseul~ Txrobis maneras iyenebs, roca qveynis Sesaxeb namdvil, Seulamazebel ambebs ubralo taqsists (romelic amave dros Zalian ganaTlebulia) aambobinebs amerikeli Jur-nalistisTvis (arCil kamarauli ase icnobs rojerss). sidnei rojersi verc warmoidgenda, rom misi mZRoli, Tbiliseli taqsisti, universitetdamTavrebuli kaci iyo, romelic gaWirvebulma cxovrebam gamoiyvana Tbilisis quCebSi: `vis

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Wirdeba am qveyanaSi profesiuli ganaTleba? am qveyanaSi sul Svidi profesiaa, mister rojers: Tarjimani, policieli, piradi mcveli, mZRoli, oficianti, cixis zedamxedveli da damlagebeli.~ am CamonaTvalSi saxelmwifos tipi cnaur-deba, qveynis is modeli, romlis Senebiskenac miiswrafvis mmarTveli gundi. `Cveni mTavrobis codna uaxles istori-aze hamburgeriT, hoT-dogiTa da dolariT Semoifargleba. Caigdes Tu ara Zalaufleba xelSi, mecnierebaTa akademia da institutebi gaauqmes da maswavleblebs, profesorebs, aka-demikosebs, mecnierebs SesTavazes `profesiuli gadamzade-ba~ damlageblebad, mRebavebad, mzareulebad, kalatozebad, santeqnikosebad. ise amerikaSi marto am profesiis xalxi gyavT mister rojers?~ – kiTxulobs Tavisi qveynis savalalo mdgomareobiT gulwrfelad Sewuxebuli arCil kamarauli, misi mamxilebeli paTosi da tkivili imdenad mZafri da gadam-debia, rom uemocio da gawonasworebul amerikel specagent-sac ki TanagrZnobas uCens. mxolod es xdeba SemdegSi mizezi am Canaweris msoflios erT-erT wamyvan gazeTSi gamoqveynebisa.

samwuxaroa, rom dRes moZvelebul Temad iTvleba erov-nul problematikaze wera da saubari, erovnul Tavisebu-rebebze apelireba xom mTlad sibnele da CamorCenilobaa! arada, erovnebebis arsebobis safuZveli sworedac rom maT Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebia (ena, mentaloba, tradiciebi, Rirebulebebi...), winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, samyaro erTero-vani (da erTferovanic) iqneboda! es sakiTxi wignSi sakmaod mwvavedaa dasmuli. arCil kamarauli aprotestebs amerikis saxelmwifos gansxvavebul midgomas saqarTvelosadmi, evro-pis qveynebTan SedarebiT, aseTi damokidebuleba mas damam-cireblad miaCnia erisaTvis. rodesac sidnei rojersi amis sapasuxod eubneba – saqarTvelo axali qveyanaao, nawyeni da, cota ar iyos, Seuracxyofili qarTveli axalgazrda dauyov-nebliv miugebs: `saqarTvelo sami aTasi wlis qveyanaa, ori-aTaswlovani damwerlobiT, aTasxuTaswliani qristianuli sarwmunoebiT da, aqedan gamomdinare, kulturiT, msofl-mxedvelobiT, tradiciebiT. miaqcevdiT, albaT, yuradRe-bas, Cvens dedaqalaqSi erTmaneTis gverdiT dgas marTlma-

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didebluri taZari, meCeTi, sinagoga da kirxe. ginaxavT sadme, gagigiaT saukuneebis manZilze erTad idges da moqmedebdes qarTuli taZari, muslimuri meCeTi da ebrauli sinagoga? esaa utyuari dasturi qarTvelebis tolerantobisa, Semwy-nareblobisa, sxvisi azrovnebis, religiis, tradiciebis pa-tiviscemisa...~ SeuZlebelia, am sityvebis uemociod wakiTx-va. miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstis es nawili mxolod ramdenime gverds moicavs, imdenad mniSvnelovania da ideurad pedali-rebuli, rom mkiTxveli avtoris mier gansazRvrul Janrul klasifikaciaSic ki SeiZleba daaeWvos: Segnebuli xerxi xom araa Tavidanve nawarmoebis `deteqtiur romanad~ gasaReba, raTa amiT mTavari saTqmeli SeiniRbos? es XIX-XX saukuneebis qarTuli literaturisTvis Cveulebrivi ramaa. gia lomaZe kargad aprobirebul ambis gaucxoebis meTods, Tu SeiZleba ase vTqvaT, `Janris gaucxoebiT~ anacvlebs, anu yuradReba gadaaqvs Janrze, deteqtivze da amiT faravs yvelaze mniS-vnelovan da yvelaze mwvave saTqmels: `Cven, qarTvelebs, ara-visTan ar gvaqvs raime sadavo da Cveni erTaderTi survilia, rac viyaviT da varT, imad davrCeT, dedamiwis im geografiul monakveTze, romelic RmerTma da gangebam gvarguna, xolo msofliom migviRos iseTebi, rogorebic varT, da ara iseTebi, rogorebic vinmes surs gvixilos.~ Tu kargad davakvirde-biT ZiriTadi swored esaa, amerikeli specagentis saidumlo daRupvis ambavi ki mxolod amis ukeT warmosaCenad Seqmnili SesaniSnavi fonia, niWieri mwerlis mier moxerxebulad gamo-yenebuli.

romanSi gaTamaSebuli ambavi, mizezi, ris gamoc amerike-li specagenti uolter raili kldidan gadaCexes, Zalian mniSvnelovani politikuri avantiuraa – sakmaod msxvili narkogadazidvis mfarveloba saxelmwifo Zalovani struq-turebis mier. centralur sadazvervo sammarTvelos ar gasWirvebia misi gaSifvra: `saniSvilsa da mis megobar mo-maval prezidents fuli sWirdebodaT sxvadasxva politi-kuri partiis gadasabireblad, saxelmwifo Cinovnikebis mosasyidad, mravalaTasiani mitingebis Casatareblad da am mitingebze qveynis raionebidan mosaxleobis Camosayvanad;

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fuli sWirdebodaT, raTa axalgazrdebisgan SeeqmnaT anti-saxelmwifoebrivi jgufebi; erTi sityviT, aemoqmedebinaT da gamoeyenebinaT is teqnologiebi, is sistemebi, romlebic Cvenma kantoram jer kidev gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi Seq-mna, rasac TviTon alen dalesma `negatiuri sainformacio-fsiqopolitikuri zemoqmedebis sistema~ daarqva~. riCard hofneris es sityvebi im saidumlo dokumentis gamoZaxilia, romelic, savaraudod, 1948 wlidan arsebobs da romelsac alen dalesis gegmis saxeliT icnobs msoflio. dRes, roca internetma xelmisawvdomi gaxada TiTqmis yvelanairi isto-riuli dokumenti, namdvilad aRar aris rTuli saerTos pov-na hofneris saubarsa da xsenebul gegmas Soris. Tumc sain-tereso isaa, ratom Semoaqvs romanis teqstSi mwerals igi, ra mizani amoZravebs am SemTxvevaSi, an misi mxatvruli amocanis gadasawyvetad ramdenadaa saWiro amgvari ram. zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, rom mxatvruli stiliT `krosvordi~ da `salami saqarTvelodan~ Zalian hgavs erTmaneTs. mwerali realuri sinamdvilis deformirebas (Selamazeba iqneba es Tu uaryo-fiTis gamwvaveba) an ar cdilobs, an mxolod minimalurad.garda amisa, alen dalesis es `negatiuri sainformacio-fsi-qopolitikuri zemoqmedebis sistema~, erTi mxriv, da arCil kamaraulis gulwrfeli aRiareba amerikeli moqalaqis wi-naSe, meore mxriv, SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc Teza da antiTeza. amiT avtori kontrasts qmnis, mizani ki or sawi-naaRmdego ideologias Soris arCevanis gakeTebaa, rac sa-zogadoebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. arCevani marTlac rTulia: aqeT, wesiereba, erTguleba, samSoblos siyvaruli da da uari gadagvarebul (Tu gadabirebul?) adamianur cxovrebaze, risi Sedegic, rogorc arCil kamarauli ambobs, `warmatebis nulovani perspeqtivaa rogorc sazogado, ise pirad cxov-rebaSi~ da iqiT, yovelive zemoTCamoTvlilis uaryofa da sa-magierod, awyobili kariera, mogvarebuli yofiTi proble-mebi, erTi sityviT, `Tbilad~ cxovreba. `Tuki RmerTi ar aris, maSin yvelaferi dasaSvebia~, – werda dostoevski. amitom Tu davuSvebT, rom `RmerTi ar arsebobs~ da `sindisic mkvdaria~ (vaJaseuli interpretaciT) TavisTavad gvardeba da iolde-ba es yvelaferi.

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romani savsea sxva realisturi pasaJebiTa da personaJe-biT: axalgazrda da energiuli prezidenti, romelic `Wkuas kargavs masmediaze, miT umetes, amerikulze~, romelsac `xams moyvare moyvrisaTvis~ ilia WavWavaZis fraza hgonia da romelic maSinve SesTavazebs amerikel Jurnalists `saqar-Tvelos megobar JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso jgufis~ (si-namdvileSi ki xelisuflebis lobisturi gaerTianebis) Seqm-nas; ministri merab saniSvili, romlis xelqveiTebic, kudis TanamSromlebi, pirvelive dRes ibareben arCil kamarauls da mas rojersis yvela moqmedebaze informaciis gadacemas aiZuleben. esaa qveyana, sadac yvelas laparaki ismineba da amerikeli Jurnalistis nomerSic faruli videokamerebi aye-nia, sadac adamianis uflebebs TviTon mTavroba arRvevs, sa-dac muzeumad aqvT gadaqceuli sastumros is nomeri, romel-Sic prezidentma buSma da misma meuRlem erTi Rame gaaTies... magram, amave dros, esaa qveyana, sadac arCil kamaraulisna-iri axalgazrdebi cxovroben, aranair keTildReobaze rom ar gacvlian samSoblos. axali adamianis Seqmna yvela tota-litaruli reJimis mTavari miaznia, arCil kamaraulebis ar-seboba ki – am miznis ganuxorcieleblobis garanti.

Tuki kulturis subieqtic da obieqtic adamiania – ada-miani qmnis da adamianisTvis iqmneba – asevea qveynis SemTx-vevaSic, qveyanac yofiTi da politikuri kulturis Tavise-buri gamoxatuleba. da rodesac qveynis Seneba ara adamianis keTildReobas, aramed sxva rames isaxavs miznad, es ukve aras-wori arCevania. amitomac araa gasakviri, Tu Sedegad sima-xinjes miviRebT. literaturas, mxatvrul sityvas uCveulo Zala aqvs amis gamosaaSkaraveblad, amitomac gia lomaZis romanis msgavsi Txzulebebi aucilebelia Senebis gzaze damdgari qveynisaTvis. didi xani ar gasula mas Semdeg, rac oTar WilaZem Tqva, mTelma saqarTvelom aucileblad unda gaikeTos aborti, raTa samudamod gamoifxikos Tavisi wiaRi-dan kaSelis Tesli, Tuki marTla apirebs gadarCenaso (`go-dori~). gia lomaZis nawarmoebis mamxilebeli paTosic amisken mowodebaa.

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romanSi mkacr da pirquS, SeiZleba iTqvas, metad saSiS realobas awonasworebs romantikuloba – uZlieresi siyva-ruliT gamoxatuli. romani, romelic SegZravs, roca gare-dan daganaxebs imas, rac isedac ici (radgan avtoris Tana-medrove xar da erT sazogadoebaSi cxovrobT), magram ase mZafrad ar aRgiqvams, amavdroulad, ar gaviwyebs litera-turis WeSmarit daniSnulebas – daxatos adamiani Tavisi yve-la adamianuri gancdiT, daganaxos, rom TviT usastikes sam-yaroSic ki SeiZleba gza gaCvenos siyvarulma, Tuki axerxeb da am gaqvavebul realobaSic adamianur Tvisebebs inarCuneb. aseTia arCil kamarauli, erTi Cveulebrivi Tbiliseli biWi – magaliTi imisa, rogor SeiZleba darCes adamiani bolomde Tavisufal pirovnebad TviT yvelaze avtoritarul reJimSic ki. saerTod, rac nakleb kompromisze waxval, miT met Sanss utoveb sakuTar Tavs, iyo Tavisufali da tkbebode am Tavi-suflebis gancdiT... grZobde ganusazRvrel upiratesobas imaTze, visac meti fuli, meti Tanamdeboba, meti komforti aqvs, samagierod, mudmivi SiSisa da daZabulobis fasad. mwe-rali yovelTvis unda cdilobdes adamianis gadarCenas, su-lis berviT unda aRvivebdes imedis sul mcire naperwkalsac ki da adamians yovel wuTs unda axsenebdes, rom igi samyaros gvirgvinia da masze mniSvnelovani araferia mzisqveS! gia lomaZis deteqtiuri romani `salami saqarTvelodan~ am fun-qcias namdvilad asrulebs.

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sofo wulaia

levan beriZis romani `fora~

rogoria 21-e saukunis adamiani, ra Tvisebebi SeiZina da dakarga man?

erTi SexedviT, martivad gadasawyveti sakiTxia, radgan arsebobs saSualeba, sakuTar Tavsac da garSemo myof adami-anebsac pidapiri fizikuri kontaqtis saSualebiT daakvir-de, rom araferi vTqvaT adamianebs Soris gaadvilebul komu-nikaciaze, magaliTad, socialuri qselis saSualebiT, sadac yvelas SeuZlia wamebSi gaaziaros sakuTari Semoqmedeba, nafiqr-naazrevi, gancdebi, tkivili da emociebi... Tumca, mzad unda viyoT imisTvisac, rom erTi SexedviT advilad gasar-kvev sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri daskvna yovelTvis sakamaTo, orazrovani da sazogadoebis garkveuli jgufisT-vis miuRebeli iqneba.

da mainc, epoqaSi, sadac teqnikam yvelaferi STanTqa im drois CaTvliT, romelic adamianebs sakuTar Tavze dakvire-bisa da erTmaneTTan urTierTobisTvis unda gamoeyenebinaT, yvelaze TvalSisacemi RmerTdakarguli adamianis tragediaa, adamianisa, romelic mxolod im sibrtyuli samyaros garSemo trialebs, romlis centrSic TviTonaa, mis irgvliv ki sica-rielea (Tumca ki, es mosazreba aTeisturi cnobierebis mqone adamianebisTvis, aseve, calkeuli socialuri jgufebisTvis miuRebeli iqneba). imaSi ki, albaT, namdvilad ar Segvekama-Tebian, rom Tanamedrove adamianis azrovneba sibrtyulia, horizontaluri, ufro sworad ki, sakuTari sibrtyis (da ara sivrcis) garSemo konstruirebuli, zogjer SeiZleba, pedanturi sizustiT awyobil-dalagebuli, Tanmimdevruli da racionaluri (magaliTad, evropuli saxelmwifos mier Se-Tavazebuli socialuri modeli), zogjer ki qaotur-sponta-nuri (e.w. ̀ mesame samyaro~, Tundac, saqarTvelo), magram orive SemTxvevaSi, safuZvelgamoclili, SeiZleba, apikalifsuric, radgan TiToeuli maTganis winaSe, marTalia, sxvadasxva sa-xiT da formebiT, magram mainc mwvaved dgas egzistencialu-

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ri problema – iarsebos, Tu ara, an rogor unda iarsebos samyaroSi, romelic arafers gvpasuxobs kiTxvaze: risTvis varsebobT, ra azri aqvs Cvens arsebobas da saerTod, rames Tu aqvs amqveynad azri, roca xedav da grZnob, rom yvelafe-ri gaqvs da mainc ar xar bednieri? amgvarad formulirebul kiTxvas, romelsac umTavresad sakuTar Tavs usvamen xolme, mTeli rigi suicidebis seria mosdevs; rac Seexeba „mesame sam-yaros“, aq adamianebs sruliad aqvT dakarguli stabiluro-bisa da usafrTxoebis SegrZneba, umTavresad yvelafers kar-gaven, sicocxlis CaTvliT da sikvdil-sicocxlis zRvarze myofni, TviTgadarCenis instinqtiT Sepyrobilni, im sam-yarosken iswrafvian, sadac ver xvdebian, ratom aRar aqvs sicocxles azri. daaxloebiT iseTivea xelovnebac, romel-sac RmerTdakarguli da misi Ziebis yovelgvar survilwarT-meuli adamiani qmnis – arqiteqturac ki, romelic zecisken miiswrafoda, SemoqmedTan maqsimalurad miaxloebis survi-liT Sepyobili, Tanamedrove epoqam miwaze gaarTxa, caSi at-yorcnili qvebis simfonia gamWvirvale kedlebs miRma arseb-uli realobis asaxvis survilma Caanacvla, epoqis simbolod saero daniSnulebis nagebobebi iqca da ara xuroTmoZRvreba, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis zedapirulma gamWvirvaleobam ki mxolod mis siRrmeSi arsebuli WuWyi gamoitana sinaTle-ze da sazogadoebis cnobierebis mowamlva gamoiwvia.

Tanamedrove literaturaSic daaxloebiT msgavsi tipis situaciaa, avtorebis umetesobas saaSkaraoze pirovnuli, Tu koleqtiuri nagavi gamoaqvs, romelic vizualuradac sazar-lad gamoiyureba da isev da isev cnobierebis mowamlvas emsa-xureba. magaliTisTvis, patrik ziuskindis `parfiumeric~ sakma-risi iqneboda, romlis mTavari personaJic parizis nagvisa da dampali Tevzis sunidan gamosuli adamiania, dabadebuli imisTvis, rom samyaroSi mSveniereba gaanadguros. marTalia, zogjer personaJebi gafrenasac cdiloben maT mier Seqmni-li `pasarolaTi~, adamianebis nebas agroveben da mzisken mi-iswrafvian (Joze saramagus `mogonebebi monasterze~), magram maT mTavar mizansac dedamiwaze ukeTesi adgilis povna da aq mopovebuli dideba warmoadgens da ara SemoqmedTan miax-

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loveba... da aseTi literaturis fonze teqsti, romelic sibinZurisken ki ar aris Cabrunebuli, piriqiT, misgan amoR-wevas, amofrenas cdilobs, imTaviTve TvalSisacemi da sain-tereso xdeba Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis. swored aseTia levan beriZis romani `fora~.

erTi SexedviT, siuJetSi TiTqos, gansakuTrebuli arafe-ria, radgan romani mogviTxrobs martosul, cxovelebis moy-vare da adamianebis moZule evropel moxeleze da misi saxiT zogadad Tanamedrove evropel adamianze, mis gamocariele-bul Sinagan samyaroze, farul tkivilze, gadaWedili yovel-dRiurobis gamo romelTa gacnobierebis arc dro da arc saSualeba rom ar gaaCnia. bunebrivia, ibadeba SekiTxva: maSin ratomaa romani Tanamedrove literaturaSi transcenden-turis, miRmieris, mxatvrul teqstSi RmerTis dabrunebis erT-erTi mcdeloba? pirvel rigSi, albaT, imitom, rom per-sonaJi TandaTan xvdeba, mis samyaroSi RmerTisTvis adgili rom aRar aris.

xazi unda gaesvas erT Zalian saintereso faqts – nawar-moebi ekuTvnis qarTvels, romelic cxovrobs da moRvaweobs evropaSi, magram saqarTvelosa da evropas Soris mkveTr zRvars ar avlebs, rogorc es ZiriTadad xdeba xolme msgavs SemTxvevebSi. igulisxmeba is, rom mwerali pedalirebas ar akeTebs dasavleTze, rogorc teqnokratuli epoqis mier sulierad dasaxiCrebuli adamianebis samyofelze da mas ar upirispirebs uzarmazari sasicocxlo energiis mqone saqar-Tvelos, sadac jer kidev sufevs teqnikisgan Seuryvneli bunebisTvis (maT Soris, adamianuri bunebisTvisac) damaxasi-aTebeli pirveladoba, pirvelqmniloba, anu RvTaebrivi sawyi-si. piriqiT, avtori mTeli kacobriobis tragedias gviCvenebs, yovelgvari diferencirebis gareSe, xatavs erTian samyaros, erTian realobas, sadac adamianebi ise daesgavsnen erTmaneTs TavianTi bedisweriT, pirovnuli TvisebebiT, surivlebiT da Sinagani samyaroTic ki, rom Znelia maTi erTmaneTisgan garCe-va da gansxvaveba. globalizaciis Sedegad ori gansxvavebuli samyaros gaerTianebis tragizmsa da uazrobas levan beriZe Semdegnairad aRiqvams: `aRmosavleTidan daZrulma talRam

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yvela uazro dambasTan erTad, sikvdilis piras myofi dasav-leTis yvela Carazuli karibWe Semoangria, erTi wamiT yvela gamoafxizla... maSin megona, rom am gaerTianebiT raRac mesa-me warmoiqmneboda, raRac saRi da qmnadi, magram Zalian male davrwmundi, rom vcdebodi, dasavleTis ricxvis magiam male monusxva gaxelebuli energia. as-asi marka CauWuWyes, meore ass Sehpirdnen da cota xanSi bananis saxiT CasCares pirSi, maSin ki daadumes, daamones da bevri sulis gayidvis, sakuTar Tavze uaris Tqmis pirasac ki miiyvanes~.

romanis dasawyisSi Txroba, TiTqos, mozaikuria, arali-nealuri, avtori erTi ambidan meoreze ostaturad gada-curdeba, TiTqos, cdilobs, sanam ZiriTad saTqmelze gadava, maqsimalurad bevri informacia, SegrZneba mogvawodos mTa-vari gmiris Sesaxeb, romelic Tavadaa mTxrobeli. ase vigebT misi ojaxis wevrebis – mSoblebis, dis, meuRlis, Svilis da ZaRlis Sesaxebac ki, romelic ojaxSi hyavs. vigebT, rom aris melomani, uyvars dostoevski, vecnobiT mis mezoblebs da maTi saqmianobis Sesaxebac ki dawvrilebiT varT informire-bulni da am yvelafers vigebT manam, sanam misi TviTmfrinavi Tbilisis aeroportSi daeSveba, ris Semdegac, TiTqos yve-laferi Tavis adgilze dgeba, romanis siuJeti da mTavari personaJis monaTxrobi erTmaneTTan SesabamisobaSi modis da moqmedeba 90-iani wlebis TbilisSi gadainacvlebs. am epoqaze Zalian bevri dawerila Tanamedrove qarTul literaturaSi, am mxrivac, TiTqos, axali da gansakuTebuli araferia, av-toric ar cdilobs, iyos originaluri, yveba yofiT isto-riebs uSuqobasa da mZime kriminogenul situaciaze, quCis gamosvlebze, virTxebiT gaZeZgil sadarbazoebze... Tumca, es konkretul geografiul arealsa da epoqaze miniSnebaze metad orfeosis jojoxeTSi Casvlis aRweras hgavs – konk-retuli garemo da sivrce ganzogadebul saxes iZens, rasac xels uwyobs teqstSi organulad Semocurebuli religiuri simbolikac – da pirdapir migvaniSnebs RmerTdakarguli ada-mianis ubedurebaze, umTavresi qristianuli simbolo – jvar-ic, erTi SexedviT, sruliad moulodnelad, sinamdvileSi ki Zalian mizanmimarTulad SemoiWreba saerTo siuJetur qar-

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gaSi – mas mTavar personaJs erT-erTi SeSlili manifestanti qali zurgSi Caartyams. gondakarguli gmiri meore dRes da-inaxavs, rogor gamoesaxa zurgze jvris formis mowiTalo-molurjo laqa. es is jvaria, romelic man cxovrebis bo-lomde unda zidos – adamianad yofnis jvari, romlis farul tkivilsac drodadro grZnobs kidec, magram bolomde arc ki aqvs gacnobierebuli misi simZime da mniSvneloba.

aqve Cndeba meore miniSnebac – cnobili danieli filoso-fosis, sioren kerkigoris wigni `an – an~, romelic nawarmo-ebis erT-erTi moqmedi piris, vaxos samagido wignia. avtoris Teisturi egzistencializmi efuZneba ideas, romlis mixed-viTac adamianis amqveyniuri arsi swored rwmenaSi mdgomare-obs, Tumca am filosofiur daskvnamde misasvlelad rTulze rTuli gzis gavlaa saWiro, iseTive rTulis, rogoric mTa-varma personaJma gaiara berlinidan Tbilisamde. ase erTian-deba erT sibrtyeze antikuri samyaro, qristianuli cno-biereba da evropuli filosofia.

SesaZloa, Tavidan teqstSi arsebulma ramdenime miniS-nebam gvafiqrebinos, rom avtors mxolod sakuTar qveyana-ze wera gadauwyvetia, imaze, rac bevrjer dawerila – dak-argul Tbilisze, romelic TiTqos, mxolod `60-ianelTa“ xsovnaSi cocxlobs (e.w. `60-ianelTa~ didi nawili qarTul literaturaSi marTlac iyo is Taoba, romelmac sulierebis sxva plasti, yofierebis da cnobierebis sxva ganzomileba Semoitana sabWoTa realobaSi, ZiriTadad, igulisxmeba oTar WilaZis romanebi, Wabua amirejibis `daTa TuTaSxia~, guram doCanaSvilis `samoseli pirveli~ da misi moTxrobebi, Tamaz WilaZisa da guram gegeSiZis romanebi...) Tumca, avtoris mi-zani bevrad ufro Rrma da mravalSriania – mas surs sakuTari personaJi jojoxeTSi CauSvas, radgan kargad icis, misi xil-vis gareSe verasdros SeZlebs dakarguli samoTxis povnas. es ufro adamianis sulier samSobloSi dasabrunebeli gzebis Ziebis survilia, vidre konkretuli droisa da sivrcis re-konstruqciis, gacocxlebis mcdeloba, Tumca, pirveli Ta-vis TavSi meoresac ar gamiricxavs.

teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg SeuZlebelia, ar gagviCndes gancda, rom Tanamedrove adamianma RmerTi dakarga, magram

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es misi brali sulac ar aris, mas arCevanis ufleba waarTves da TiTqos, xelidan gamostaces is, ris gareSec mis yofas aranairi gamarTleba da azri aRar aqvs. waarTves, an mopares, magram imdenad didia misi povnis survili, imdenad Znelia mis gareSe cxovreba, rom mzadaa, jojoxeTSic Cavides, ZaR-lebsac ki daaglejinos Tavi, rom ukan daibrunos is, rac mi-sia – misi sulis ganuyofeli nawili. levan beriZis erT-erTi Semfasebeli, normunds naumanisi ambobs, rom teqsti xto-nuri energiiTaa gaJRenTili. am mosazrebis fonze, ZaRli qvesknelis karibWis damcveli cerberis Soreul aluziadac ki SeiZleba CaiTvalos. es cxoveli nawarmoebis mTel siu-Jets wiTel xazad gasdevs, evropaSi, anu amqveyniur jojo-xeTSi mas erTi ZaRlis, tibaltis saxe aqvs, romelsac mTavari perso-naJi saqarTveloSi gamomgzavrebis win sruliad mou-lodnenad klavs, saqarTveloSi Camosuls ki ZaRlebis mTeli xrova esxmis Tavs, magram swored maTgan daglejili, jojoxe-Tidan amosuli, aRmdgari acnobierebs, rom `ar aris aucile-beli, rames Seexo, rom misi daijero, rom ar SeiZleba, uxilav qalaqs (dakargul samoTxes) iolad miaRwio, magram is marto misken saval gzebze arsebobs, romelzec mxolod misi unda gjerodes da am rwmenaSi sakuTari Tavi Seicno~.

romani `fora~ levan beriZem germanul enaze dawera da mSobliur enaze Tavadve Targmna. aucileblad unda aRi-niSnos, rom teqsti filosofiuri prozisa da poetizmis or-ganuli sinTezia, sadac erTi meores xels ar uSlis, piriqiT, TiToeuli maTgani saerTo saTqmelis srulyofas emsaxureba da konkretul teqsts sruliad mijnavs im teqstebisgan, rom-lebSic igive epoqa skabrezisa da Jargonis eniTaa gacocx-lebuli. ramdenime adgilas iseTi ostaturi poetizmi iyo gamoyenebuli, damenana kidec maTi Cakargva teqstSi moTxro-bili saintereso ambebis oromtrialSi. gansakuTrebuli mxatvruli damuSavebiT gamoirCeva finaluri scena, sadac personaJis ZaRlebisgan daglejis ambebi siurrealistura-daa aRwerili da sastiki naturalisturi scenis molodinSi vxedavT, rogor gadainacvleben personaJi da misi meuRle samoTxeSi, sadac simSvide da siyvaruli sufevs. es kidev

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erTxel mowmobs, rom zRvari amqveyniursa da imqveyniur sam-yaros Soris pirobiTi da gardamavalia, gardamavalia zRvari samoTxesa da jojoxeTs Sorisac da yvelafers hegeliseuli racionalizmiT ver Caswvdebi, Tu kerkigoris samyaros arsis Teocentruli gaazreba ar gamoiyene.

romanSi aRwerili garemo, moqmedi pirebi, anturaJi, mTa-vari personaJic ki, erTdroulad kafkas `procesisa~ da maqs friSis romanebis uRmerTo, gzaabneul gmirebsac gvagonebs da heroikul personaJebsac, romlebic miznis misaRwevad mzad arian, yvelanairi dabrkoleba gadalaxon. albaT, swored aq kveTs erTmaneTs ori energia, ori gansvavebuli kultura, faseulobebi da viRebT adamians, romlic eTnikur warmomav-lobas yovelgvari mniSvneloba ekargeba, adamians, romelsac RmerTTan yofnis bedniereba da sixaruli waarTves, magram ibrZvis, ibrZvis, rom sakuTari Tavi ar waagos, rom gadarCes, swori gza ipovos da mis garSemo xelovnurad Seqmnili fo-ris zona datovos, romelic gars ki Semoartyes, RmerTamde misasvleli gza rom abneoda, magram arasdros, aravis arc erTxel ar uTqvams, rom misgan Tavis daRweva SeuZlebelia.

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miranda tyeSelaSvili

dakarguli saqarTvelos ZiebaSi

im qarTvel mweralTa Soris romlebic 1990-iani wlebi-dan Seematnen Cvens literaturas, aka morCilaZe yvelaze xelxvaviani avtori aRmoCnda. sakmaod xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi, weliwadi ar gasula ise, misi axali wigni, ufro xSirad – romani, SigadaSig – moTxrobebis krebuli, ar da-beWdiliyo. aseTi siuxvis fonze, teqstebis mxatvruli da literaturuli done Tumca met-naklebobiT xasiaTdeba, mainc stabilurobiT gamoirCeva da avtoris arcerTi nawar-moebi, gamonaklisis gareSe, arasodes Camosula im Tamasaze qveviT, savaraudod, sakuTar Tavs rom dauwesa mweralma. amis dasturad is faqtic gamodgeba, rom aka morCilaZis arcerTi wigni mkiTxvelis interesis miRma ar darCenila. ufro metic, bolo wlebis saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze prestiJuli da popularuli literaturuli premiis, `sabas~ (gaicema wina wels gamocemuli saukeTeso wignisTvis), xuTgzis gamarjve-buli, kidev ufro metjer – nominanti gaxda. es sakmaod didi warmatebaa, Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `saba~ daarse-bidan sul raRac aTiode weliwads iTvlis. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom bevri sxva qveynisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelo mainc ar aris is adgili, sadac mwerlis Semoq-medebis xarisxze, misi teqstebis mniSvnelobaze Cveni li-teraturisaTvis, dResac da momavalSic, miRebuli premiebis raodenobiT SegviZlia vimsjeloT.

aka morCilaZesTan mimarTebaSi, sxva kriteriumebiT Se-fasebis Sedegebic aseve STambeWdavia. mTavari da yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom is mkiTxvelis sayvareli av-toria. mniSvnelovania Tundac imitom, rom aka morCilaZe qarTuli postmodernizmis erT-erTi qrestomaTiuli war-momadgenelia, yvela misi gamovlinebiT. es literaturuli mimdinareoba ki, gansakuTrebiT CvenSi, pretenzias acxadebs maRali inteleqtisa da literaturuli ganaTlebis mqone mkiTxvelze, rac bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi isedac Sem-cirebul mkiTxvel sazogadoebas mas kidev ufro umcirebs.

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aka morCilaZis SemTxvevaSi, saqme sxvagvaradaa. is qar-Tuli bestselerebis avtoria. CvenSi damkvidrebuli es in-glisuri termini yvelaze ukeT Seefereba, radgan avtoris araTu axali, aramed wlebis winandeli romanebis meore da me-same gamocemebic ki kargad iyideba. am wignebSi misTvis sain-tereso sakiTxavs yvela Taobisa da literaturuli gemovneb-is mkiTxveli poulobs. postmodernizmisaTvis niSandoblivi interteqstualoba, romelic axalbeda da arcTu gawafuli mkiTxvelisaTvis (arcTu iSviaTad, avtorisaTvisac ki) xSir-ad gaugebari da amis gamo, damRlelia, ramdenadac gasakviri ar unda iyos, aka morCilaZis teqstebSi, sulac ar iwvevs imave efeqts. avtorisaTvis ucxo ar aris arc postmodernizmis kidev erTi cnobili meTodi – `gadawera~, rac gulisxmobs klasikuri nawarmoebis wiaRSi destruqciuli elementis Se-tanas, axali teqstis ZvelTan dapirispirebis mizniT, raTa am dapirispirebis Sedegad mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi klasi-kuri teqstis dekonstruqcia gamoiwvios. amis magaliTebi uxvad gvaqvs krebulSi `wigni~, TvalsaCinoebisTvis erTi mcire formatis moTxrobis dasaxelebac ikmarebs: `mogzau-roba kaxeTSi, 1855~, romelSic aRwerilia, rogor wavida lu-arsab TaTqariZe ruseT-TurqeTis omSi.

aka morCilaZis teqstebSi postmodernistuli xerxebi da meTodebi ufro literaturuli TamaSia, vidre inteleqtu-aluri Tavsatexi.

magram, aseTi didi popularoba, vfiqrob, pirvel rig-Si, imiT unda aixsnas, rom aka morCilaZe ambebis mweralia. qarTuli postmodernizmis wiaRSi gamokveTil or, narati-ul da antinaratiul nakads Soris is pirvels irCevs. mis monaTxrobSi yvelaferia: cota deteqtivi, Tavgadasavali, istoriuli romani, namdvili da SeTxzuli istoriuli am-bebi, samecniero fantastikac ki, gamogonebuli kunZulebi da qalaqebi... am ambebis `mopovebaSi~ mas, jer erTi, istori-kosis profesiuli ganaTleba exmareba da meorec is, rom XX saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, ori epoqis mijnaze da-ibada da gaizarda saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi, TbilisSi, mis SuagulSi, centralur ubanSi (ucxoeli mwerlis, an, Tundac,

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ubralo moqalaqisaTvis iqneb Rimilismomgvrelic iyos is mniSvneloba, romelsac vaniWebT faqts, am maTi Tvalsawi-eridan arcTu didi qalaqis romel ubanSi gaatara bavSvobisa da axalgazrdobis formirebis wlebi ama Tu im pirovnebam, magram XX saukunis saqarTveloSi amas marTlac hqonda men-taluri mniSvneloba). orive es codna mTavari masalaa aka morCilaZis wignebisaTvis da, raRa Tqma unda, upirvelesad, mwerluri alRo, romelic am istoriuli faqtebidan da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan zustad imas arCevinebs, rac literaturul nawarmoebs warmatebas moutans. arCevis principic met-naklebad naTeli gaxdeba, Tu mis erT patara eses gavixsenebT 2005 wels dastambuli krebulidan `saqar-Tvelo aTaswleulTa gzagasayarze~: `...am gazafxulze erTi xnieri gaRmeli mwerali iyo aqa, adre vicnobdi am marTla kai da dafiqrebul kacs, romelmac Tavisis qveynisa bevri ram icis da sainteresodac ganixilavs. misi naTqvami misma maspinZelma miambo. enguris saTavemde miuyvaniaT da iq uT-qvams grZnobamoreuls, cxadia, WiqiT xelSi: gaumarjos nam-dvil rameebs, romelic aris am qveyanaSi, winwklebian kalmaxs, Zroxis nakels da Zmakacobaso. mec manda var, namdvili rame-ebis sakiTxSi. aq Zalian bevria namdvili rame. iolad ver ity-vi, gvaqvs is, rac gvaqvso, vinaidan swored is ar gvaqvs, aramed sruliad sxva, ukeTesi da namdvili. oRond, mimalulia, iseve, rogorc tarieli nestanis gamoqvabulSi~.

swored aseT namdvil rameebs poulobs da ambebad aqcevs mwerali da, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania, `namdvili~ ambe-bis dasawerad `namdvil~ enas iyenebs, ris Sesaxeb TviTonac saubrobs erT-erT iSviaT interviuSi: `...romel wignsac romeli ena uxdeba, ise vwer. mivxvdi, rom ena aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani instrumenti werisas... qarTul wignebs rom vkiTxulobdi, sul mqonda iseTi gancda, rom es dialogebi ar aris namdvili, adamianebi ase xom ar laparakoben. iseTi frazis dawera arafriT ar SemeZlo. marTalia, gramatiku-lad sworia, magram vfiqrob, rom tyuilia. amitom gadavwy-vite vwero ise, rogorc mesmis. Cveni ena bevris saSualebas iZleva~. enisadmi aseTi damokidebulebis Sedegia is, rom

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yvela wignSi masSi moTxrobili ambebis epoqis, adgilisa da im socialuri fenisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli metyvelebaa gamo-yenebuli, romelsac gmirebi ekuTvnian. Sesabamisad, es xan Jargonia, xan skabrezi, xan romelime kuTxis dialeqti, xan Tbilisuri kilokavi, xanac XIX saukunis gazeTebis ena. am mxriv eqsperimentulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos erT-erTi bolo wigni `qemera~, romelic Tavidan bolomde JargoniTaa dawe-rili, radgan mTxrobeli, qemera, erTi Cveulebrivi naxalov-keli biWia, `mazavSiki~, romelic dawvrilebiT da Seulamaze-blad yveba Tavisi cxovrebisa da saqmianobis detalebs, aseve mourideblad da gulRiad gviambobs ojaxsa da megobrebze.

mokled, mkiTxvel sazogadoebaSi mwerlis aseTi warmate-bis mizezi swored es namdvilobaa, ambebisac, gmirebisac da im enisac, romelzec isini metyveleben. faqti isaa, rom sruliad darwmunebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, saqarTveloSi ar moiZebneba adamiani, romelsac raimegvari damokidebuleba aqvs wignis kiTxvasTan, da aka morCilaZis erT nawarmoebs mainc ar icnobdes. Tu imave kategoriulobiT ara, didi al-baTobiT, imis Tqmac SeiZleba, rom Zalian iSviaTi aRmoCndeba mkiTxveli, romelic mwerlis mxolod erTi wignis wakiTxviT dakmayofilda da sxvebis wakiTxvis survili aRar gasCenia.

mkiTxvelTa Soris popularoba, ra Tqma unda, umniSvne-lovanesia, magram isic aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavisi Taobis mwe-ralTa Soris, aka morCilaZe erT-erTi yvelaze ufro xSirad ganxiluli da recenzirebuli avtoria, qarTvel kritikosTa da literaturismcodneTa mxridan. es faqti gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia im fonze, rom Tavad mwerali, pirovnulad da sa-zogadoebrivi moRvaweobiT, Tanamedrove avtorTa Soris, albaT, yvelaze pasiuria da rogorc Tavad misgan momismenia ramdenime wlis win erT literaturul Sexvedraze, misTvis sruliad miuRebeli da uxerxulobis momtanic kia saqarT-veloSi damkvidrebuli damokidebuleba, rom mwerali eris winamZRolia da rac ufro popularulia igi, miT ufro didi unda iyos misi roli sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis saqmeSi.

warsuls Cabarda is dro, 1990-iani wlebis dasasrulidan, 2000-ianebis dasawyisis CaTvliT, rodesac aka morCilaZis

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saxeli literaturul wreebSi ukve Zalian xSirad ismoda, magram araTu masze weras, misi wignebis wakiTxvasac erTgva-ri sifrTxiliT ekidebodnen ufrosi da Sua Taobis kritiko-sebi, gansakuTrebiT isini, romlebasac miaCndaT, rom ̀ modur~ sakiTxavze drois dakargva ar Rirs, maSin, rodesac adamians uamravi maRali rangis literatura elodeba, wuTisofeli ki arcTu xangrZlivia. magram waikiTxes da maTi umravlesoba, sabolood, im azrze SeTanxmda, rom `...aka morCilaZe daba-debiT mTxrobeli, mTxzveli anu WeSmariti prozaikosi gaxlavT~ (lali avaliani).

am sifrTxilis erT-erTi mizezi da es Cemi subieqturi azria, ase farTod reklamirebuli saxelis gansxvavebuloba, ucnauri kninobiTi formac iyo. saxelisa, romelic, rogorc sul male gairkva, fsevdonimi yofila bevrad ufro JReradi da STambeWdavi gvar-saxelis mqone axalgazrda kacis, gior-gi axvledianisa. es kninobiTi fsevdonimi ki Jurnalistobis xanis erT-erTi morigi sagazeTo saxeli aRmoCnda. romanebze misi gamoyeneba imas unda moaswavebdes, rom im dros aseT Se-degze, profesionali mwerlis karieraze, naklebad fiqrob-da. magram wlebTan erTad, aka morCilaZis popularobam giorgi axvlediani aSkarad daCrdila.

meti damajereblobisTvis, kidev erT kriteriumsac mo-viSveliebT mwerlis warmatebis dasadastureblad, rac imiT gamoixateba, rom misi Taobis mweralTa Soris, aka morCilaZe yvelaze xSirad iTargmneba ucxour enebze.

zemoTav aRvniSneT, aka morCilaZe ambebis ostaturi mTxrobelia. rogorc TviTon gviambobs imave interviuSi, `wignis ZiriTadi impulsi aris raRac ambavi, rac TavSi momi-va. an raRacas vnaxav, mere vfiqrob amis Sesaxeb da viwyeb we-ras. yvelaze metad namdvili ambavi ar miyvars-xolme, Tumca, egec damiweria, magram aseTi sixSiriT ara. gamogoneba ufro sainteresoa. viRac SeiZleba Segxvdes da saintereso iyos, magram gamogonebuli gmirebi ufro saintereso, idealize-buli gmirebi arian~ (cxadia, aq imis mtkiceba ar mWirdeba, rom mwerali srulebiT ar ewinaaRmdegeba sakuTar Tavs, rodesac zemoT moxmobil eseSi `namdvil~ rameebze, amjerad ki gamogonili ambebis upiratesobaze saubrobs).

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ukve vTqvi, istorikosis codnasTan erTad, mwerals 1990-iani wlebis Tbiliseli axalgazrda kacis cxovrebi-seuli gamocdilebac Zalian gamoadga-meTqi, magram Tuki metad davazustebT am azrs, es ufro garedan damkvirveb-lisa da aRmqmelis STabeWdilebebia, rasac gamaxvilebuli warmosaxvis unari emateba. `faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebis~, `mogzauroba yarabaxSi~ da `agvistos paseansis~ personaJebis cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba naklebad savaraudoa, misi pirdi gamocdileba iyos.

aka morCilaZe is mweralia, romelsac ar uyvars mento-ris roli, erTaderTi moTxovna, rasac sakuTar teqstebs uyenebs, iyos `bunebrivi, moxdenili da sxarti~. da mainc, rac unda amtkicos mweralma, mxolod siamovnebis gamo vwero, mis wignebSi mainc samomavlo swori gzis Ziebaa mTavari, qveynis ganviTarebis gzisa da dakarguli saqarTvelos povnis imedi.

Tu aqamde mxatvruli teqstebiT cdilobda am miznis miR-wevas, ukanaskneli wignebi gansxvavebuli SesTavaza mkiTx-vels. esaa dokumenturi proza, ufro zustad – dokumenturi prozis, memuaruli literaturisa da publicistikis erT-gvari nazavi. calsaxad dokumenturia, radgan maTSi mxolod realuri ambebia gadmocemuli, memuaruli elferi dahkravs im nawils, XX saukunis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, romelSic av-toris sabWoTa bavSvobisa da axalgazrdobis uSualo STabeW-dilebebia gadmocemuli, publicistikac uTuod iqneboda, rom ara erTi arsebiTi sxvaoba qarTuli publicisturi na-rativisgan. aka morCilaZis SemTxvevaSi, avtoris pozicia arcTu mkafioa, is ufro faqtebs, detalebsa da wvrilmanebs aRwers, wakiTxuls, nanaxs da gagonils, Sefasebebs erideba. Tumca, Tavad faqtebisa da da detalebis SerCeva da maTi urTierTganlagebac TvisTavad poziciaa, amas mwerali nam-dvilad ver gaeqceva.

es ori wigni erTmaneTis gagrZelebadac SeiZleba Ca-iTvalos: `qarTulis rveulebi. XIX saukunis suraTebi~ da `Crdili gzaze~.

istoriuli mexsierebis Camoyalibeba mxolod istoriko-sTa prerogativa rodia, mxatvruli Semoqmedeba aranakleb

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rols asrulebs. aka morCilaZis dokumentur prozaSi mxat-vrulad aisaxa mwerlis mexsierebaSi daleqili istoriuli ambebi, naxevrad miTologizebuli Tavgadasavlebis fonze momxdari dramatuli movlenebi, pirovnebebi, romlebic eT-noistoriul da eTnokulturul realobas acocxleben. mwerlis TvaliT danaxuli d mis mier moyolili es ambebi ga-cilebiT sainteresoa, vidre istoriuli analebis saSuale-biT Cvenamde moRweuli. Zveli Tavadebis ambebSi Cakerebuli tato baraTaSvilis cxovreba; Tvalmidevneba ilias saxlisa da samsaxuris ambebisa da mwerlis cocxal realobaSi war-moCena; iakob gogebaSvilis axirebuli xasiaTi; XXI saukunis distanciidan, Cemi subieqturi azriT, savsebiT sworad da-naxuli iliasa da vano maCablis, akakisa da maCablis ojaxisurTierTobebi; ambebi luka razikaSvlisa da misi Zmebisa, romlebic TavisTavad kargi poetebi iyvnen da ufro met sa-xelsac datovebdnen qarTul literaturaSi, Zmas rom ar da-eCrdilaT; aleqsandre yazbegis drama... yvela am klasikosis, am cxovrebas Seurigebeli da amavdroulad, namdvili geni-osebis adamianuri yofis detalebi; pirveli saopero Teatri TbilisSi; qarTuli profesiuli dramatuli Teatris daar-seba; revoluciis grZeli suraTebisa da rusebis xelaxali Semosvlis tragediebis mxatvruli personificirebebi – es aris wignis – `qarTulis rveulebi. XIX saukunis suraTebi~ am-aRelvebeli da gulSi CasarCeni pasaJebi. am wignSi aRwerili Tbilisi aris `yoveldRiurad cvalebadi, mzardi, madevari xalisisa da namdvil grZnobisa. is morCa rogorc TavadTa da vaWarTa qalaqi da iqmneboda xalxis qalaqad~. es aleqsan-dre II-is reformebis Semdgomi Tbilisia. `im drois quTaisi ki iyo sruliad gansakuTrebuli qalaqi. yvelaze mowinavec maSindel saqarTveloSi, sakmaod SeZlebulic da mSvenivrad awyobili qalaqi. iq cxovrobda inteligencia da burJuazia~. xolo `Tuki Zvel gurias gaixseneb, firalis gareSe ar iqneba, imitom rom tyeSi gavardnili patiosani yaCaRi yvelgan iyo, magram aseTi ar yofila arsad, arc qarTlSi, arc kaxeTSi da arc manjuriaSi. firali aris yaCaRi, romelic Tan arc aris

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yaCaRi, metic, namdvil yaCaRs ebrZvis da rogorc wesi, fira-li aris guruli... guriis ambebma CaTreva icis~.

`qarTulis rveulebis~ ZiriTadi wyaro imave epoqis presa da memuaruli literaturaa. amis Setyoba Zneli ar aris, Tu odesme XIX saukunis gazeTebi gadagifurclavs, Tundac kon-kretuli mizniT. Znelia moswyde, Tanamedroveobis sul sxva-nairi qronikebia, qalaquri korespondenciebi da provinciu-li ambebi, sruliad gansxvavebuli sabWoTa xanis oficialuri da paTetikuri Txrobisgan. iona meunargias, iakob mansvetaS-vilis, aleqsandre yifSiZis da sxva mecxrametelTa memuarebi Tu biografiuli narkvevebic gecnoba, oRond aka morCilaZe am wyaroebidan imas irCevs, rac oficialur teqstebSi, Tun-dac skolisa da umaRlesi saswavleblis saxelmZRvaneloeb-Si Sesatan biografiebSi aravis gamouyenebia. sul oriode StrixiT axasiaTebs ama Tu im narkvevis gmirs da mTlian por-trets xatavs. magaliTad, aseTs: `erTi misi Tanamedrove am-bobs, Tu ilia mxolod fotoze ginaxavs, niSnavs ilia ar gi-naxavso. xma hqonda dinji da odnav yru, moZraobebi – arcTu sxarti. mTavari mis garegnobaSi iyo Tvalebi da mTavari mis moqmedebaSi iyo sityva~. an kidev, pavle mRvdelze: `es iyo erT-erTi iSviaTi qarTveli mama, romelic Svilebs ki ar ba-Zavda, Svilebs ki ar imgvanebda ZaliT, aramed rac kargi hqon-daT TviTon iRebda. mgoni, vaJac erTaderTi qarTveli mwera-lia, romlis mamamac memuarebi dawera~.

`qarTulis rveulebs~ XIX saukunis suraTebi ki aqvs mi-werili, magram Txroba XX saukuneSic gadmodis da 20-ian wle-bamde, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde grZeldeba. mere ukve sul sxva saqarTvelo iyo, romlis Cve-nebasac avtori momdevno wignSi Seecada.

adamianTa yoveldRiuri yofa pirad cxovrebasa Tu sazogadoebriv sferoSi momxdari uamravi movleniTaa savse. dro am movlenebs sxvadasxvagvar beds argunebs xolme, zo-gi maTgani daviwyebas eZleva, zogi mxolod Cveni piradi mogonebebis nawili xdeba, sxvebi koleqtiur maxsovrobaSi rCeba da sabolood istoriis nawilad iqceva. Cvens pirad cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebi arcTu iSviaTad, uSualo-

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daa dakavSirebuli qveyanaSi mimdinare politikur, soci-alur Tu ekonomikur procesebTan. sxva saqmea, rom tra-diciuli formiT dawerili istoria naklebad axerxebs im gancdebisa Tu gamocdilebis asaxvas, romelsac ama Tu im epoqis movlenebi axdens sxvadasxva socialuri fenisa da jgufis warmomadgenlebze.

swored amitom, gasuli saukunis Sua xanebidan, saisto-rio mecnierebam kvlevis axali meTodis, zepiri istoriebis gamoyeneba daiwyo.

`Crdili gzaze~ sabWoTa saqarTvelos amgvari istoriaa, romelic mwerlis talantiT dajildovebuli istorikosis pirad mogonebebTan erTad, misi mamisa da babuebis Taobis warmomadgenlebis naambobsac eyrdnoba. aq aRwerili ambebi stalinis epoqidan, ufro zustad 1940-iani wlebidan iwyeba da 1990-ianebis dadgomiT mTavrdeba. wignis saTaurad 50-iani wlebis qarTuli filmis saxelwodebaa aRebuli da epigrafa-dac im filmis mTavari gmiris Tu antigmiris, rogorc maSin eZaxdnen, `partiuli funqcioneris~ sityvebi aqvs wamZRva-rebuli: `me gagacnobT Cvens dedaqalaqs. me aq oTxi weliwadi vswavlobdi, Semdeg diplomi aviRe, magram TbilisSi darCena ver movaxerxe, damtoves im dasaqcev raionSi... unda gamogi-tydeT, mombezrda yvelaferi... eh... Tbiliss gaumarjos Cemo nino, pirdapir ocnebad gadameqca~. aris kidev erTi epigrafi `imTa droTa qalaquri simReridan~: `viqeifoT ase, fuli migvicia,/ ginda iyos ceka, ginda milicia~.

istoriis romel saxelmZRvaneloSi amokiTxuli infor-maciiT SeiZleba gaigo ukeTesad epoqis suli, vidre erTi yofili politmatimris naambobidan Seityob, omi rom sul naxevari wlis dawyebuli iyo, rogor Sexvda jer kidev skolis mowafe TeatrSi poet ioseb griSaSvils, romlis popularoba bevrad gacilebuli iyo stalinis drois pirobaze poetis popularobas da rogor uTxra man `kurilkaSi~ mosawevad Sesul biWebs, gulze mjiRis cemiT da Tvalebis aqeT-iqiT cecebiT, Svileboo, Tqven SemogevloT soso griSaSvili, sada swavlobTo, xo etira deda am viriSvils, Cveni wamebisTviso,

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xo gadauvlian exlao. rogor darCaT biWebs is papirosebi mokidebuli da pirebi Ria.

– Semovlen axla germanelebi, universitetis xalxi, is-wavleT, swavla gviSveliso.

kaci, romelic am ambvs uyveba wignis avtors, imasac ixse-nebs, wina kviraSi Tema mqonda dawerili ̀ beladis saxe qarTul poeziaSio~ da pirveli stalinisti Tu ar viyavi, is mainc mjeroda, rom revolucionerebi kai tipebi iyvnen, sabWoTa kavSiri ki Zmobisa da patiosnebis akvani iyoo. rac mTavaria, poeti, romlis leqsi `ori saqme ori sityva, stalini da ga-marjveba, mters davudgeT darajebad~ – im TemaSi hqonda gamoyenebuli, axla gulSi mjiRis cemiT ambobda, xo deda etirebaT, xo moadgnen amasaco.

mere iyo pirovnebis kultis gadasinjva da Tbilisuri 9 marti, rodesac, moaruli xmebiT, rvaasamde adamiani daxo-ces rusis jariskacebma. mkvlevarTa cifrebi naklebia, magram monawileTa STabeWdileba mZime iyo. `ambavi isaa, rom ocda-aTi wlis Tavze saqarTvelo ajanyda stalinis saxeliT! iqam-de is sul janydeboda da sul sxva, erTi da imave saxeliT~.

amas mosdevs 50-60-70-iani wlebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sefasebebs gaurbis, es xels ar uSlis avtors mTeli sizus-tiT aCvenos sabWoTa kavSirisa da misi mavnebluri sistemis yvela mankiereba, romlebic qarTvelTa bunebam kargad mo-irgo da SeiTvisa.

wignSi sakmaod vrceli adgili eTmoba Tbilisis erT-erTi centraluri ubnis, komunistebis mier sabWoTa inte-ligenciis sacxovreblad daarsebuli vakis geografias da socialur urTierTobaTa rTul ierarqias. zemoTac vTqvi, imdroindel saqarTveloSi ubans didi mniSvneloba hqonda-meTqi.

50-60-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi modaSi yofila bohemu-roba da simTvrale. 70-iani wlebis qalaqeli `kai tipi~ ki is kaci iyo, romelsac yvelasTan hqonda kavSiri, partiasTan, inteligenciasTan, qurdTan da `ZelecTan~.

aRwerilia epoqa, rodesac qurdi `pativsacemi~ adamiani Seiqmna, anu qurdma, rogorc socialurma arsebam Tavisi Si-

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da wre sabolood gamoarRvia da xalxis garkveuli fenisaT-vis dasanaxi da Wkuis maswavlebeli gaxda.

arc imas ukargavs, rom saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyana iyo sabWoTa kavSirSi, sadac universitetis win gamofenil bilbordebze komunizmamdeli moRvaweebis citatebi ikiTxe-boda, maRaziebSi Zexveulis, konservebisa da aryis SesaZenad rigebi ar idga. es yvelaferi sxva sabWoTa respublikebidan, gansakuTrebiT, ruseTidan Camosulebs xom akvirvebdaT, mag-ram amerikelma mweralma, jon stainbekmac SeamCnia, sul sxva xalxi vnaxe, sabWoeTisgan gansxvavebulio, mere dawera.

mokled, am wignSi Zalian bevri ambavia moTxrobili da Zalian sainteresoc, gansakuTrebiT axali TaobisTvis, imis gasagebad, Tu ra garemoSi cxovrobda maTi mSoblebis Taoba. sul yofiTi ambebic, ra ecvaT, rogor Wamdnen, ra filmebs uyurebdnen, ramxela gavlena moaxdina meore msoflio omis Semdgom sabWoTa axalgazrdobaze germaniidan nadavlad wa-moRebulma, e.w. `trafeini~ ucxourma filmebma, romelTac sabWoTa cenzura gavlili hqondaT da erTi SexedviT, TiTqos uwyinarnic iyvnen, magram mainc sarkmelis roli Seasrules `sxva cxovrebaSi~. Tanamedrove axalgazrdebi verc jinsebis mniSvnelobas mixvdebian 70-80-iani wlebis TanatolebisaTvis.

sabWoTa saqarTvelo, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli epoqe-bisa, daaxloebiT yovel aT weliwadSi mentalobis cvlileba rom axasiaTebda, mainc erTiania da ganuyofeli. wignis for-mac Sesabamisia. Tu `qarTulis rveulebi~ portretebad da ambebad aris dayofili, `Crdili gzaze~ aris erTiani, gabmu-li Txroba, ar amogasunTqebs. azrs, winadadebas, zogjer erT sityvasac ki, sul sxva Tema, axali saTqmeli moaqvs, pirdapir, iqve, imave gverdze, xSirad – imave abzacSic ki. erTbaSad unda gadaiaro, panoramulad warmoidgino is Cveni arcTu Soreuli warsuli, romelSic saqarTvelo daikarga.

wignis bolo arc pesimisturia da arc optimisturi. aris rwmena, rom im, namdvil saqarTvelosac vipoviT, oRond, jer `guli unda vipovoT, sadme eSmakeul zandukebSi da Sevu-beroT suli, davinaxoT, rom is andamatisa yofila~. magram

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albaT unda viCqaroT, Torem `migaqanebs wiqara da gzadagza ki ukeTess yri da wiqarac xom mokvdeba~.

rodesac ama Tu im mwerlis Semoqmedebaze viwyebT msje-lobas, yovelTvis mainteresebs, Tavad avtorma ra mizani dausaxa sakuTar teqstebs, sanam mkiTxvelamde gzas miscem-da, ra molodini hqonda misgan da ra miiRo. aka morCiilaZis SemTxvevaSi, am kiTxvas aseTi pasuxi aqvs:

`me momwons weris procesi da ara Semdgomi... saerTod, yovelTvis ici, rom ukeTesi unda dagewera. rogor aris iciT, asanTis Rerebs rom gakrav, zogi ainTeba, zogi ara, ise ki yvela unda ainTos. asea nawarmoebebic~.

P.S.albaT imitom, rom daaxloebiT erTsa da imave periods

daemTxva maTi nawarmoebebis popularoba, araerTxel gam-Cenia survili aka morCilaZisa da boris akuninis bestse-lerebs Soris msgavsebis daZebnisa.

arada daZebnac ar sWirdeba, isedac Cans da igi ara mxo-lod garegnuli, bevrad ufro Rrmaa. daviwyoT iqidan, rom profesiiT istorikosebs, giorgi axvlediansa da grigori CxartiSvils ise mWidrod SeezardaT mwerlebis – aka mor-CilaZisa da boris akuninis niRbebi, Znelia mixvde, romelia mTavari personaJi da romeli – gamogonili.

aq da axla amis xseneba saWirod imitom CavTvale, rom qve-moT motanil CxartiSvili-akuninis erT-erTi interviudan amonarids avtori rom ar eweros, Tavisuflad SeiZleboda is aka morCilaZis sityvebad migveCnia:

`dRemde xandaxan meCveneba, rom es yvelaferi sizmaria. bavSvobidan aTasnair istoriebs vigonebdi, magram 40 wlamde aravisTvis momiyolia, raRac Sinagani, privatuli TamaSiviT iyo, ar mifiqria, sazogadoebriv-sabazro interess Tu Se-iZenda. iseTi aSkarad araseriozuli sagnis materializacia, rogoric fantaziaa, saocari ramea...

xSirad amboben, rom mwerali ityueba an keklucobs, roca acxadebs, rom wignebs sakuTari siamovnebisTvis wers. wigne-

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bi yovelTvis imitom iwereba, rom sxva adamianebma waikiTxon. Tumca, yovelTvis ase rodia. SesaniSnavia, Tuki waikiTxaven da daafaseben kidec, magram homo scribens-i is arsebaa, romel-sac mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SuZlia Tavsatex sakiTxSi garkve-va, Tuki mas werilobiT teqstad aqcevs. literatura erTad-erTi saSualebaa, Sexedo cxovrebas ucxos TvaliT, icxovro kidec sxvisi cxovrebiT. xelovnebis sxva arcerTi dargi aseT SesaZleblobas ar iZleva.

da bolos, yvelaze mTavari, mwerali boris akunini wers mravaltomian dokumentur wigns ruseTis istoriis Sesaxeb. `rodesac vfiqrob Cem samSobloze, ruseTze (qarTuli war-moSobis miuxedavad, misi samSoblo namdvilad ruseTia (avt.), miCndeba kiTxva, ratom aris is aseTi dRes, ratom xdeba es da ar xdeba sxva ram. gamiCnda Sinagani moTxovnileba amaSi garkvevisa... istorikosis ganaTleba maqvs, magram ruseTis istorias vwer istorikosis ki ara, mwerlis TvaliT, Sevec-debi gavigo, ratom gvaqvs iseTi qveyana, rogoric gvaqvs, ra aris masSi kargi da ra cudi~.

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Tamar CixlaZe

interviuebs miRma danaxuli koletis portreti

mwerali, romelzec gvsurs saubari, upirveles yovlisa, qalia da misi Semoqmedebac qalisadmi agebuli Zeglia. lite-raturisTvis bevri qali avtoria cnobili. gaanalizebulia am kulturologiuri fenomenis arsic da maTi teqstebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli araerTi niSan-Tvisebac. dRes, rodesac ase bevrs saubroben feministur Tu genderul sakiTxebze, ra-Sic, cxadia, literaturac aqtiuradaa CarTuli, saintereso iqneboda, qarTvel sazogadoebas gaecno XX saukunis I naxev-ris Ffranguli literaturis erT-erTi gamorCeuli romanis-ti qali – sidoni-gabriel koleti (1873-1954ww.). Cven xelT gvaqvs misi mxolod erTi nawarmoebis – `JiJis~ Targmani. ase, rom qarTvel mkiTxvels jer kidev win aqvs im esTetikuri si-amovnebis gancdis bedniereba, rac Tan sdevs misi Txzulebe-bis kiTxvas.

mTeli literaturuli karieris ganmavlobaSi, romelic naxevar saukunes moicavs, mwerali ikvlevs sicocxlisa da ga-darCenisTvis qalis brZolis xelovnebas. koleti safrangeT-Si, burgundiis regionis erT mSvenier kuTxeSi daibada. Tavisi epoqis bohemur yofas naziarebi qali-dendi, miwier samyaro-ze uzomod Seyvarebuli Semoqmedi, Jurnalisti da msaxiobi JamTa trialSi ar kargavs xibls. cxovrebis mimarT qalis axali Sexedulebebis CamoyalibebisTvis, man gamoZerwa gansa-kuTrebuli stili, romelmac gulwrfelobis gamosavlenad narcisizmis riski gaswia. mTavari Tema, razec wers, siyvaru-lia – grZnoba, romelic, mwerlis azriT, tkivils iwvevs. siy-varuli maradiuli da romantikuli arasdrosaa koletTan. misi personaJi-qali personaJi-mamakacisgan gansxvavebiT, ar iqmnis siyvarulisgan qimeras an rame absoluts. Zlieri vnebebis, gakicxuli sasiyvarulo kavSirebis, mtkivneuli damcirebis, xmauriani ganxeTqilebebisa Tu samjeradi qor-winebis gamo Tavad kolets araferi `SeSurdeboda~ Tavisive

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wignebis – `klodinebis~, `Seris~ an `mawanwalas~ dauviwyari gmiri qalebisa. xan skandaluri gazeTebis redaqtorma ko-letma, xan ki miuzik-holebis SiSvelma mocekvavem, SeZlo, sa-kuTari cxovrebisgan namdvili romani Seeqmna.

kolets arasodes uxmaria memuarebisTvis damaxasiaTebe-li sityva `me~, magram, uneburad, Tavisi survilis sawinaaR-mdegod, yvela TxzulebaSi mkveTrad moxaza sakuTari por-treti. amitom misi Semoqmedeba avtobiografiuli xasiaTisaa da gviCvenebs qalis Zalas, gamZleobas da moqnilobas. mis yvela wignSi erTi da igive demarSia: qali Tavis sasiyvaru-lo cxovrebaSi kriziss ganicdis, magram amiT ki ar kvdeba, aramed, piriqiT, aRzevdeba, moiTxovs ra Tavisi siyvaru-lis uflebebis dacvas, koletis personaJi qali am grZnobis uaryofiT moipovebs namdvil Tavisuflebasa da gandidebas. tanjvisa da damcirebis periodi mxolod gardamavali etapia mis cxovrebaSi. zogadad, koletis gmiri qalebi Sors arian dedisa da diasaxlisis rolis Sesrulebisgan da Tavs aride-ben sazogadoebrivi azris tyveobaSi yofnas.

mwerali xSirad uswrebda Tavis epoqas, magram misi per-sonaluroba da xelovneba ar cdilobda samyaros dapyrobas. mas pretenzia hqonda mxolod adamianis sulis damorCilebi-sa, romelic winaaRmdegobrivi iyo da gaaCnda rogorc Zala, ise sisuste. misi araerTi romani, romlebic Tavis droze amoralur Txzulebebad Seracxa kritikam, mogvianebiT, didi warmatebiT iqna Teatralizebuli Tu ekranizebuli.

XX saukunis franguli literaturis erT-erT mTavar figurad koleti Tavisi drois parizs maSinve ar uRiarebia, misi mwerluri saxe Tavidanve ar gamokveTila. amitomac kon-turebs moklebuli pirovneba, moxetiale da saeWvo reputa-ciis qali, qalaqur daxvewil cxovrebaze cudad morgebuli mouxeSavi provincieli, male xdeba XX saukunis dasawyisis susti mwerlebis, miTqma-moTqmas daxarbebuli Jurnaliste-bisa Tu gavleniani politikosebis `STagonebis wyaro~. sayo-velTao aRiareba cota gvian moipova, XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, anu franguli romanisa gardatexis periodSi, romel-sac koleti, upirvelesad, fsiqologiuri romanebis didos-

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tatad moevlina. is didi novatori ar yofila da Tavis war-mosaxviT samyaros tradiciuli xerxebiT asaxavda, Tumca realistur TxrobaSi lirizmis ostaturad Serwymis, mex-sierebaSi aRdgenili SegrZnebebis xelaxali gacocxlebis, impresionistuli xatvis, poeturi Txrobisa da kosmosTan idumali kavSiris SenarCunebis unaris gamo mwerali qali si-cocxleSive moeqca sayovelTao yuradRebis centrSi.

im idumalebiTa da simpaTiiT, romlis gamovlena buneb-rivi sisadaviT SeuZlia, im Sinagani konfliqtis gamoaSkara-vebiT, romelic awvalebs adamianur arsebas, koleti iseT fsiqologiur simaRleebs aRwevs, rom is SeiZleba stendals da dostoevskisac ki Seedaros. koleti, rogorc XX sauku-nis realisti mwerali, Txzavs cxovrebasTan Sesabamis situa-ciebs, magram modernistuli romanis `triukebsac~ ar aridebs Tavs. misi Txrobis poetika iTavisebs lirizms, asociaciur xatovanebas, reminiscenciebs, SegrZnebaTa da mogonebaTa cnobierebaSi aRdgenis xelovnebas. yoveli cocxali arsebis mimarT mudam cnobismoyvare koleti ise amuSavebs Tavis po-etur qsovils, rom ar eSinia gonebis mier aRiarebuli wese-bisa. amiT im mweralTa rigSi dgeba, romlebic advilad amyareben intuitur kavSirs sinamdvilesTan. romanisti upiratesobas aniWebs introspeqcias. warsul mogonebaTa mimoxilva gan-sazRvravs fons, romlis mgrZnobiare muxti mudam cocxali rCeba. kolets cxovrebis Secnobis didi niWi aqvs. misi sidi-ade misive xasiaTis bunebriobaSi mdgomareobs. man yvelafe-ri icis adamianuri Secdomebisa Tu sisusteebis Sesaxeb, rasac motyuebisa da SeniRbvis gareSe aRwers. koletisTvis cxovrebis dineba, romelic SeiZleba mRvriec iyos, montenis sityvebs Tu gamoviyenebT, mudam `bednierad midis, vinaidan es bunebrivad xdeba~.

mwerali mSobliuri miwis xelaxla aRmoCeniTa da oja-xuri mogonebebis wyalobiT hpovebs Zalas sulieri simxne-visTvis. misi araerTi romani aRwers mSobliuri adgilebidan gandevnili adamianis yofas, vinc mxolod `ukan dabrunebiT~ aRidgens sasicocxlo Zalebs. mSobliur miwaze mijaWvuls, survili aqvs, Seirgos misi yvela sikeTe.

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`cxovreba baRia, sadac SeiZleba yvelaferi mokrifo, yve-laferi igemo, miatovo da xelaxla moipovo~ – acxadebs mwe-rali Tavis `sentimentalur ganmartoebaSi~.

unda iTqvas, rom koletis namdvili bunebis srulyofi-lad SecnobisaTvis mxolod Txzulebebis kiTxva ar kmara, saWiroa, agreTve, misi werilebis, dRiurebis, mogonebebisa Tu interviuebis Seswavlac.

kolets dRiurebi arasodes Seudgenia, magram is, rogorc Jurnalisti, didi yuradRebiT iniSnavda mniSvnelovan mov-lenebs reportaJebisa da qronikebisaTvis. mxatvruli Tval-sazrisiT, metad originalur nawarmoebSi `lurji fanari~ man sruli ndobis gamomxatveli toniT asaxa gardasul dRe-Ta mogonebebi.

gonkurebis akademiis erTaderTi wevri qalis, koletis cxovrebis Sesaxeb uamravi wignia Seqmnili, gacilebiT meti, vidre misi Txzulebebis kritikuli wyaroebi. misi WeSmariti saxis danaxva mwerlis Tanamedroveebis, megobrebis, uricx-vi biografisa da TviT misi mesame qmris – moris gudeketis wignebidanac SeiZleba. did interess imsaxurebs romanistis korespondenciebi da e.w. `rveulebi~, romelTa perioduli gamocema `koletis megobarTa asociaciam~ iTava, magram aseve arsebobs erTi Zalzed sayuradRebo wigni – `Cemi simarTle~ – gansakuTrebuli dokumenti – romelic moicavs mwerlis sa-ubrebs safrangeTis erT-erTi radios JurnalistTan – andre parinosTan. es saubrebi Caiwera koletis gardacvalebamde 5 wliT adre da 27 gadacemis saxiT iqna wardgenili frangi msmenelis winaSe erovnuli arxis – `safrangeTi III~-s mier.

dis `tiv-sawolSi~ mjdari koleti, rogorc TviTon uwo-debs Tavis sarecels, romelsac arTritis gamo sicocxlis bolo wlebSi samudamod miejaWva, moswavlis gulmodginebi-Ta da gulisyuriT, amasTanave burgundieli glexis eSmakobiT ekideboda TiToeul kiTxvas. am saubrebSi `Serisa~ da `dRis dabadebis~ avtori macdunebeli, ironiuli, magram yovel-Tvis gulwrfeli Cans, saocrad Tavisufali toniT ixsenebs cxovrebaSi nanaxsa da gancdils. am wyaroze dayrdnobiT ixa-teba portreti mwerali qalisa, romelmac, fransis jeimsis sityviT rom vTqvaT, `gabeda, yofiliyo bunebrivi~.

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1900 w. gazafxulze gamodis misi pirveli mokle romani `klodini skolaSi~, romelsac xels koletis pirveli qmari, gamomcemlobis mflobeli – vili – (igive vilari) awers. ma-Sin koleti 22 wlis iyo da wignis dasawerad qmrisgan mxolod ramdenime rCeva miiRo. is dahpirda qmars, rom namdvili av-toris vinaobas ar gaamxelda. ojaxis megobrebi simarTles eWvobdnen. erT-erTma maTganma kolets mourideblad uTxra:

`Tqven SeqmeniT namdvili tipi da es wlebis manZilze gagyvebaT, rogorc erTgvari jildo, magram amave dros ro-gorc sasjeli~.

magram koleti jiutad inaxavda sityvas da ar daudas-turebia misi es mosazreba. radio-Jurnalistis, andre pari-nos SekiTxvaze, batoni vili rom ara, dawerdiT Tu ara `klo-dinso~, koletma upasuxa:

`arasodes! winadadebas arc ki dagamTavrebinebT, ise ge-tyviT, rom arc mas, arc sxva rames ar davwerdi~.

rogorc vTqviT, koleti weras iwyebs vilis SekveTebiT. erTi wlis Semdeg gamodis meore wigni `klodini parizSi~, magram Tavis mwerlur Rirebulebas koleti kidev didxans ver Seicnobs. is JurnalistTan saubarSi acxadebs:

`Cemi mwerluri Rirebuleba! ai, nakleb sasiamovni ram, rac maiZulebs, Cems erT Sinagan kompleqsze gelaparakoT, romelic xSirad mawuxebda Cemi moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi~.

parizSi cxovrebis pirvel wlebSi koletma bevri gamoCe-nili adamiani gaicno, romelTa Soris didi siTboTi ixseniebs marsel Svobs. igi saaTobiT esaubreboda, rogorc Tavis Tav-ze ambobs koleti, `patara grZelTmian erT ubralo qals~. ko-leti igonebs fransis jeimssac, vinc mas Zalian lamaz weri-lebs swerda. jeimsma aswavla kolets cxovelebisa da Zveli baRebis siyvaruli, mouTxrobda cxovrebis seriozuli Tu suleluri ambebis Taobaze.

koleti didxans itanda vilis meurveobas, mis gverdiT cxovrebas, vinaidan ar surda, dedas misi uiRbloba Seetyo. kolets erTi suc ar gaaCnda damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis. `Txa sadac abia, iq unda moZovos~ – ambobda is. Jurnalisti mas Seaxsenebs, rom es azri sruliad sawinaaRmdegoa imisa,

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rasac TviTve werda im xanebSi: `ver darCebi im kacTan, vinc ar giyvars~. an kidev `rodesac uyvarT, Tundac Taviseburad, am dros Ralats araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs~.

`amas mTlad literaturis suni udis~ – miugebs mwerali, Tumca 1910 wels qmars mainc Sordeba. am droisTvis koleti ukve ramdenime romanis avtoria. bolo or Txzulebas `mi-amit garyvnils~ da `mawanwalas~ ukve koletis xelmoweriT aqveynebs. is cnobili xdeba, aseve, Tavisi Teatraluri kari-eriT. koleti pantomimis namdvili varskvlavia. saWiro iyo arseboba da isic amisTvis ibrZoda. Semdegi romani – `sen-timentaluri ganmartoeba~ ukve aCens axali adamianis saxes, qalis mgrZnobelobis sxvagvar gamoxatulebas da erTgvar Strixebs koletis rTuli pirovnebisa.

aranaklebi siamayiT gaixsenebs koleti Teatralur warmatebebs, imdroindel megobrebs da miuzik-holebis publikas.

am dros iwyebs muSaobas iseT wignebze, romlebic mas cno-bili romanistis saxels uxveWs: `Seri“, `puris marcvali ba-laxSi“, `dRis dabadeba~, `sido~, `Zu kata~, romlebic siyvaru-lis tragikulobas da siwmindis Ziebas asaxaven.

koleti acxadebs: `vinaidan me siwmindes aRmovaCen iq, sadac sxvebi ver da-

inaxavdnen da verc xedaven, vigulisxmoT, rom, RmerTo Cemo! es Cemi piradi iRbalia~.

koleti samyaros miseuli xedvis originalobas amgvarad usvams xazs, amis mixedviT qmnis tipiur personaJebs: Seris, miSels, mitsus, venkas, romlebic mwerlis azriT, `wmindani~ arian.

`Serize~ muSaobisas koleti aRniSnavs, rom misi mwerluri ostatoba `TavisTavad ar mosula~. yovel striqons, Tavsa Tu abzacs didi rudunebiT qmnida. Znelad werda da amas arc malavda. gansakuTrebiT damqancveli iyo wignis bolo nawil-ze muSaoba. `am dros mgonia, TiTqos viyinebi~ – ambobs mwe-rali. rac Seexeba gegmebs, is maT arasodes adgenda. advilad ar werda, magram erCia, STagonebisTvis Tavisufleba mieca da azri warmoqmnis procesSive qaRaldze gadaetana. perso-

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naJebic misi kalmis moZraobis dros ibadebodnen. SekiTxvaze, ganicdida Tu ara koleti sinanuls personaJebTan ganSore-bisas, romanisti pasuxobs, rom mas Semdeg, rac darwmundeba, rom SeuZlebelia maTTvis kidev ramis gakeTeba, gakeTilSo-bileba an Tqma imisa, rac jer ar Tqmula – tovebs maT. kolets girlandebi ar uyvars, cdilobs isini moiSoros, `CiraRdne-bi gverdze gaswios~.

koleti saubrobs `saidumlos~ Sesaxebac. raSi mdgomare-obs misi arsi? rogor SeiZleba gaxdes mwerali saidumlosTan ziarebis Rirsi? am kiTxvaze pasuxs `klodinis saxli~ iZle-va, romelic yvelaze delikaturi romania mis SemoqmedebaSi. aq mwerali Tavis axalgazrdobisdroindel movlenebs da pirovnebebs igonebs. detalebi misTvis dauviwyaria. pirvel rigSi Tvalwin warmoudgeba baRi, sadac fiWvebi da glicinia xarobs, magram mTeli es dekoracia warmoudgenelia sicocx-lis gareSe, rac im saxlSi Cqefda. `Tu magiuroba tovebs saxls, Tu dakargulia saidumlo, romelic mwerals im samyaros uxsnida, romlis Rirsad yofnac man Sewyvita, saidumlosac mniSvneloba aRar aqvs da rom iyos Rirsi im saidumloebisa, patara klodinis sulis SenarCuneba iqneba saWiro~. koletis komentari amasTan dakavSirebiT aseTia:

`rac ufro berdeba adamiani, miT ufro egueba dekoraciis gauCinarebas. sadRac davwere, rom rasac adamiani adre flob-da, bolomde mainc ver dakargavs. mec vcdilob, ar davkargo is, rac odesRac mqonda. araviTari mogoneba ar Seedreba imas, rasac bednieri bavSvoba gvitovebs~.

koletTan ferebi arc ise mxiaruli da sasiamovnoa, rac mwerlis erTgvar pesimizmze miuTiTebs, Tumca igi imavdro-ulad xatavs foTolTa, yovlisSemZle mzisa da Tbili ha-eris ferebs. koleti interviuSi SeniSnavs: `erT prefeqts vicnobdi, romelmac Tqva: me pesimisti var, magram mxiaruli pesimisti! albaT mec aseTi var~.

Jurnalisti banalur SekiTxvas usvams mwerals: `ra aris bedniereba TqvenTvis?~koletis mokle pasuxi ase JRers:`araferi. yovelgvar siRrmes moklebuli, namdvili mniS-

vnelobis armqone sityva~.

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Cans, kolets ar uyvars bednierebaze fiqri. es ar sWir-deba. mwerlis TqmiT, `bunebrivi ar aris, rodesac adamiani cxovelze metad datkbeba im mdgomareobiT, romelic sruli bednierebis Sesatyvisi iqneba~.

momdevno saubris TemasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxva aseTia: `TqvenTvis, madam kolet, cxovrebas aqvs azri?~da isev pesimisturi pasuxi:`Tanac erTaderTi azri. vfiqrob, erTaderTi azri esaa –

sicocxlis datoveba... cxovrebis azri? ... nuTu adamians im-deni dro aqvs, rom misi erTi azri mainc ipovos an gamoigonos?

aqve kolets deda axsendeba – sido – misi STagonebis mTa-vari wyaro da mfarveli angelozi, romelsac sikvdili sZul-da. sidos naTqvami hqonda, rom yvavilebi ar daergoT mis saflavze. yvavilebi mkvdrebisTvis ar Seqmnila. is mxolod cocxlebs ekuTvniso, ityoda xolme.

koletsac sZulda sikvdili da micvalebulebi, Tundac axloblebi.

am interviuebSi koleti saubrobs adamianis cxovrebis fsiqologiur `sezonebze“ – eWvianobisa da Ralatis `sezo-nebze“ da dasZens, rom erTguleba siyvarulis Tvisebas ar warmoadgens. siyvaruli yvelaferia da arc aris yvelaferi koletisTvis. man sicocxle mouswrafa Tavis ramdenime per-sonaJ-mamakacs imisTvis, rom maT cxovrebaSi arafris gake-Teba ar SeeZloT, garda imisa, rom hyvarebodaT.

ukanaskneli saubari, romelic koletis binaSi Sedga, TiTqos erTgvarad ajamebs misi amqveynad arsebobis yvela niSans: enis, gamWriaxobis, TavdaWerilobis Tavisebur unars. mTeli misi mwerluri specifika Semdeg sityvebSia gamoxatu-li. koleti ambobs:

`sidom maswavla, rom keTilsa da borots xSirad erT-gvari gamoZaxili aqvs da rom isini, rogorc erTi, ise meore, mgznebare interesis Rirsia. amitomacaa, rom sityva bedni-erebas CemTvis azri ara aqvs. sxvaTa Soris, nuTu arsebobis-Tvis es aucilebeli ramaa? adamianebs surT, amaSi erTmaneTi daarwmunon ...“.

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`personaJebic, sxvaTa Soris, ar arian xSirad bednierni“ – dasZens Jurnaliti, romelic amTavrebs vizits gamoCenil mweralTan, realist da humanist qalTan, romelsac Cveule-bad aqvs, sagnebs Tavisi saxeli daarqvas. qalTan, romelmac sakuTari saidumloebani ase gulwrfelad ando Tavis cisfer qaRaldebs (koleti mxolod cisfer qaRaldebze werda). mas-Tan saubrebi sruldeba, Tumca saTqmeli uamravi rCeba.

Cveni werilis SemTxvevaSic asea. SeuZlebelia koleti-mwerlis da koleti-pirovnebis portretis erTi xelis mos-miT daxatva. es ramdenime Strixi warmodgenas qmnis masze, visac msoflioSi yvelaze Tavisufali qali uwodes (mak or-lani) da visi erTdroulad klasikuri da gamorCeuli stilic Sadrevans Seadares (Jan kokto). pol valerim masze SeniSna: `Tavisi sqesis warmomadgenlebs Soris koleti erTaderTia, vinc icis, rom wera xelovnebaa~.

swored am weram, sakuTarma qmnilebebma, sxva hermetuli romanebis msgavsad, kolets sulieri ganwmendisa da amaRle-bis saSualeba misca.

Tavisi mwerluri moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi man brZola gamoucxada siyvarulis grZnobas da xSirad cdilobda, bo-lo sityva Tavad darCenoda. iaraRad mudam simarTles imar-jvebda da yvelaferSi `sindiss sdebda~. is am sindisierebas bevrjer cinizmis niRbiT faravda.

rogorc Cans, koleti is mweralia, romlisTvisac mTavari faseuloba Tavisuflebaa da visi Semoqmedebac mxolod Si-nagani Tavisuflebis progresis amsaxvelia.

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maka joxaZe

`icxovre sam droSi~

(portretebi ojaxur interierSi)

***meoce saukunis ormocdaaTiani wlebis Tbilisi. solo-

laki, jafariZis quCa #13, saxli, patara qalaqebisaTvis uCve-ulod vrceli sadarbazoTi. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom Seno-bis dagegmarebaSi, naxevari teritoria sadarbazo moednebze gaTvala arqiteqtorma. swored es qmnis, albaT, saparado ganwyobilebas, sixalvaTisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sigriles da ara sicives, TviT zamTris yinvian dReebSic ki...

or kviraSi erTxel SabaT saRamos, rogorc wesi, dedaCe-mis Zmis, avdid Carkvianis ojaxs vstumrobdiT. danarCeni dReebi klara cetkinisa da kamos quCebze mcxovreb deidebze nawildeboda. aseve ritmulad da gegmazomierad gamoCnde-bodnen CvenTan, gogolis quCaze, `oqros ubanSi~. dedaCemi da-Zmebs Soris nabolara iyo da am rituals gansakuTrebuli sisaTuTiTa da movaleobis grZnobiT ekideboda. es iyo Tbi-lisuri ojaxebis Zvirfasi rituali, dauwereli kanoniT, romelic Cems axalgazrdobaSic, iqneb inerciiTac, magram jer kidev sruldeboda. mere da mere, iseve rogorc uamravi sasikeTo ram, es tradiciac TandaTan moiSala.

sadarbazo moednis marjvniv, marmarilos morkaluli kibe, Tavisi lamazi CuqurTmebiT inkustrirebuli moajiriT zarzeimiT miuyveboda mesame sarTuls. drois bavSvuri Seg-rZnebebiTa da ganzomilebiT es svla imdenad didxans grZel-deboda, Cemi fantazia iqve `stelas~ baRSi nanaxi filmidan aTasi kadris warmodgenas aswrebda.

kibis Tavidan ki iwyeboda aseve vrceli, parketdagebuli grZeli derefani, susti, mqrqali ganaTebiT. derefnis orive mxares binebi iyo Cawikwikebuli da TiTqmis yvela karze ak-inZul furclebTan erTad Zafgamobmuli fanqrebic ekida. nebimier momsvlels, romelsac maspinZeli Sin ar daxvdeboda,

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SeeZlo, informacia am `gamogonebis~ wyalobiT daetovebina. yvelaze xSirad da mWidrod vaso mWedlovis `bloknotis~ furclebi ivseboda nairnairi xelnawerebiT da deda mixsni-da – es imitom, rom batoni vaso bavSvTa Zalian kargi eqimia da pacientebi xSirad Sinac akiTxaveno.

derefnis boloSi ki farTo kari sayvarlad anaTebda da rac ufro vuaxlovdebodi am kars, raRacnairi sasiamovno JruanteliT vTbebodi.

karis orive mxares, kuTxeebSi muxis Zveleburi xis kas-rebi iyo kedelTan midgmuli – nivriT, niaxuriTa da wiTeli wiwakiT piramotenili pamidvrisa da WarxliT Seferili kombostos mwniliT savse, rac imas niSnavda, rom Carkviane-bis guluxvi ojaxi grZeli derefnis nebismier mobinadres ocdaoTxi saaTi maspinZlobda da mezoblebs, rogorc saku-Tari Widan wyali, maTTvis gankuTvnili kasrebidan nebismier dros SeeZloT madisaRmZvreli surnelovani mJavis amoReba.

deda gadaatrialebda Tu ara zaris pawia frTebs, karic wamSi ixsneboda, TiTqos iqve idgnen da Sen gelodnen. Tamba-qos trestis mmarTvelobis mere, biZaCemi im wlebSi, Tu ar vcdebi, TeleTis meurneobis direqtorad muSaobda da am ojaxSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, dRe da Rame sufra iyo gaSlili. Jurulebis sufra rom daxata Tavis `rkinis TeatrSi~ oTar WilaZem, sul mgonia, Carkvianebis aulagebel sufrebs Seasxa mxatvrulad xorci. miT ufro, rom Zmeb WilaZeebTan erTad am ojaxSi yofna Zalian uyvardaT: nodar dumbaZes, givi sam-sonaZes, tariel Wanturias, givi gegeWkors, emzar kvitaiS-vils da kidev vin mosTvlis, vis aRar...

gansakuTrebiT givi samsonaZe miyvarda, `lialia Corna-ias~ meZaxda da mis romeliRac simReras xSirad mamRerebda `Savtuxa gogos~.

sakuTari Svilebis – jansuRis (janukis), jimSeris (jimis) da luizas garda maTTan gamudmebiT izrdeboda, studento-bis wlebs atarebda da rogorc ityvian, frTiandeboda rome-lime Soreuli Tu axlo naTesavis biWi an gogo, am ojaxidanve xdeboda maTi gamziTveba, niSnobisa Tu simboluri saqor-wilo sufrebis gaSla da momavali, damoukidebeli cxovre-

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bis dalocva. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, bicolaCemis, pisti gelovanis damsaxureba iyo upirveles yovlisa, Torem dila-uTenia saxlidan gasuli biZaCemi, Tavisi samsaxuris gamo gvi-anobamde saerTod ver Semodioda Sin.

xalxmravlobis miuxedavad saocrad sada da mSvidi iyo am binis interieri TiTze CamosaTvleli, mxolod aucilebeli avejiT. did sastumro oTaxSi e.w. `zalaSi~ xis Zveleburi taxti idga nairnairi baliSebiTa da muTaqebiT, SuaSi – didi magida venuri skamebiT. aqve idga pianino, piupitris qvemoT oqrosfrad amotvifruli firmis saxelwodebiT `красный ок-тябрь~, romelzec Tavisi grZeli, Tlili TiTebiT xSirad uk-ravda luiza, xandaxan jimic miujdeboda, oRond gitaraze guram bzvanelis simRerebs rom daiwyebda, mis mosmenas mainc araferi merCia. momcro hols maRali, patara mrgvali magida amSvenebda Tavisi baxram-burTulebiani xaverdis gadasafa-rebliT. iqve idga ori masiuri savarZeli da Savi xis tansac-mlis sakidi, e.w. `veSolka~.

biWebis sawoli oTaxis TavTiT Zveleburi gobeleni eki-da monacrisfro-moWaobisfro romeliRac holandiuri sko-lis peizaJiT. mopirdapire mxares ki Ria feris `Sifonerka~ idga, romlis gaminul marcxena mxarezec espanur tansacmel-Si gamowyobili (gitariani) wyvili cekvavda.

Cveni stumrobisas an mxvdeboda, an aucileblad Semoixe-davda ulamazesi lia siWinava, Tavisi taftis `iubkiTa~ da wi-Teli pomadiT. iseTi TeTri kani hqonda, bavSvsac ki mindoda xeli Camomesva loyaze da Sememowmebina, cvilisa iyo Tu namd-vili. lia mJReri, xalisiani xmiT gamudmebiT raRac mxiarul ambebs yveboda. `lia yvelaze lamazi gogoa~, ambobda jimi, `da yvelaze magari Camcmeli~, agrZelebda da Tvals mikrav-da januki `oRond egaa, mezoblis qalia~, Tavs moisawylebda jimi, `mezoblis qals xels nu axleb~, wauRiRinebda jansuRi da iyo erTi Jivil-xivili bavSvobidan marTla daZmebiviT Sezrdil liasa da Cems biZaSvilebs Soris. biWebi imasac am-bobdnen, CvenTan ar megobrobs ise, rogorc dedasTano.

arasodes damaviwydeba am Tbiliselma `yvelaze lamazma da yvelaze magarma Camcmelma `swiliagam~ saocrad gulSi-

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Camwvdomi sityvebiT rogor daitira gardacvlili bicola-Cemi. es iyo gamoTxoveba ara mxolod Zvirfas, sayvarel ada-mianTan, aramed sakuTar axalgazrdobasTanac.

marto mezoblis liasi ara, luizas uklebliv yvela me-gobris mesaidumlec `paSa andreevna~ iyo, ase moixseniebdnen isini bicolaCems.

gansakuTrebuli xalisiT saaxalwlo dReebSi mimiwevda Carkvianebisaken guli. aseTi veeberTela, mxrebgaSlili naZ-vis xeebi, maTi oTxmetriani simaRlis Wers rom iyo mibjeni-li da aTasfrad cimcimebda, mxolod artos baRSi, cirkis saaxalwlo maneJze da pionerTa sasaxleSi Tu menaxa.

Cvenebis mezobeli iyo batoni konstantine gamsaxurdi-ac, romelic `avdid efremiCs~, `baton avdids~ eZaxda da nar-dis saTamaSod xSirad stumrobda. ra Tqma unda, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, moulodnelad arasodes moadgeboda kars, wi-naswar darekavda SesaTanxmeblad. biZisagan gamigonia – mag dalocvili `aziackebidan~ dawyebuli iseTi gamowkepili Se-modioda yurisZiridan, rom saSinaod gadacmuli iZulebuli viyavi gamexada da mec sagangebod Cacmul-daxuruli dav-xvedrodio.

Carkvianebis kari arasodes iketeboda da es tradicia maSinac gagrZelda, roca jansuRi colSvilTan erTad ukve calke gadavida sacxovreblad.

jansuRi

***Cemi nawerebiT araerTgzis mivferebivar da profesi-

onaluradac ganmixilavs misi saocari da CemTvis Zalian say-vareli Semoqmedeba.

axla siurprizis gunebaze var da minda, sayvarel poetsa da biZaSvils is sityva movasmenino, romlis Tqmasac `sameb-lis~ taZarSi gamarTul oTxmoci wlis saiubileo saRamoze vapirebdi da mweralTa kavSiris mesveurebma me da rostom Cx-eiZes sityva ar gvaTqmevines. arada, patriarqiTa da namdvili

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poetebiT dawyebuli, Zveli partiuli nomenklaturiTa Tu sazogadoebisaTvis absoluturad ucnobi poeziis moyvaru-li e.w. mopoeteso qalbatonebiT damTavrebuli, vin aRar ulo-cavda jansuRs... gulZviri ara var da vin icis, Cveni ubeduri samSoblos gadamkide, ramdeni piraduli wyena gamqrala CemSi SarSanwindeli TovliviT. es wyena ki ver daviviwye. ar vici, ratom, iqneb imitom, rom igi taZris TaRebqveS unda gaxmi-anebuliyo da ara romelime klubisa Tu Teatris ficarnagze. mas mere kai oTxi welia gasuli, Tu meti ara da roca alma-nax `kritikis~ redaqtorma manana kvaWantiraZem rubrika `portretebi ojaxur interierSi~ Carkvianebi SemomTavaza, gavifiqre, jansuRis portrets maSin verTqmuli sityviT axla davxatavdi. ai, es sityvac:

erTxel didma portugalielma poetma Junkeirom, Turme, migel de unamunos mimarTa – ramdenadac vici Tanamedrove espanelebs namdvili poeti ar unda gyavdeT, radgan samo-qalaqo omis dros me ar gamigonia yvirili ki ara, maTi xmac ki saerTod. Semcbar unamunos upasuxia – Tqven albaT patri-ot poetebs gulisxmobTo, razedac gakvirvebul Junkeiros uTqvams – SesaZloa, Cinovniki, sociologi, bankiri, filo-sofosic ki ar iyos patrioti. magram poeti, romelic pat-rioti araa da ver xedavs, ra xdeba mis garSemo, ra Tqma unda, poeti ver iqneba. male Tqveni qveyana Wrilobebsac moiSuSebs, ekonomiuradac gaimarTebiT welSi, magram samudamod darCe-ba gancda, rom am Znelbedobis Jams Tqven poeti ar gyoliaT...

***gamoCenis dRidan, roca TiTqmis bavSvs gogla leoniZem

gza dauloca, jansuRi Tavis samSoblos sul hyavda.igi ar icvleba. dResac, TviT uaRresad mRvrie da meryev

droSic ki misi umTavresi postulati – `mTavari mainc ma-muli aris, gansacvifreblad aris mTavari~ – yovelwamier aRmoCenad rCeba. jansuR Carkvianis paTosi imdenad siRrmi-seuli da bunebrivia, rom erTbaSad gadamdebi xdeba. TiTqos salaSqrod Seyril meomrebs kidev erTxel SeuZaxebs, amxne-vebs, afrTxilebs sakuTar xalxs, sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcs

117

amunaTebs, anjRrevs, afxizlebs, rogorc es wlebis winaT xdeboda, roca winaswarmetyvelur poemas `rwmenis kedels~ werda.

laRi da Tavisufalia jansuRi Tavisi bunebiT. swored amitom ase kargad esmis RvTisagan boZebuli Tavisuflebisa da misi mofrTxilebis fasi. amis arcodnasa da ganucdelobas araerTi adamiani uqcevia sakuTari codvebis mZevlad:

`dRe da Ramea, – SuaSia mxolod ufali,

da ar arsebobs uukeTesi Tavisufali~.

Cemo Zvirfaso megobrebo, 80-iani wlebidan moyolebuli, Cven yvelam erTad usaSinlesi, urTulesi, aRmafrenisa Tu dacemis tragikuli wlebi gadavitaneT da es gamocda dRemde grZeldeba.

im cnobil saxeebs Soris, im adamianTa Soris, romelTa azrsac wlebis ganmavlobaSi yurs ugdebda da ase Tu ise an-gariSs uwevda Cveni xalxi, iSviaTad Semxvedria pirovnebebi, TavianT Secdomebsa Tu poziciebSi gulwrfelebi rom iyvnen. maT Soris upirvelesi gamonaklisi jansuRia, radgan misi gulwrfelobis xarisxi yovelTvis misi bunebidan gamomdi-nare boboqrobda da ara angarebidan, sifrTxilidan, awon-dawonidan (miT ufro, dagvifaros RmerTma, SekveTidan Tu davalebis Sesrulebidan). ase rom, sabednierod, igi araso-des yofila sakuTari codvebis mZevali. da swored aman ga-daarCina misi namdvili suliskveTeba: `mTavari mainc mamuli aris, gansacvifreblad aris mTavari!~

xelovnebaSi paTetika uxerxulobis gancdas aCens. jan-suRs es aqsiomac araerTgzis daurRvevia. qarTul poeziaSi, uiSviaTesi gamonaklisis garda, mxolod jansuR Carkviani axerxebs leqsi droSasaviT gaSalos da misi semantika her-aldikad ise aqcios, wamiTac ar daukargos poeturi momxib-vleloba da esTetizmi. amis magaliTad misi gafrTxilebac kmara `lomTaxvedr~ Tavisuflebaze.

uCveulod Tbili da melodiuria jansuR Carkvianis li-rika. sicocxlisa da imedis damamkvidrebel metaforaTa wyebas ki, svanuri koSkebiviT rom laplapeben Cveni bedis

118

urTules reliefze, kidev erTi ulamazesi xilva Seemata jansuRis bolo wlebis poeziaSi:

`siberec mzis feria, gaumarjos siberes~.ase mxolod suliT axalgazrda, gautexeli kacebi egebe-

bian gansacdels. herman hesem icoda, asakic rom gansacdeli iyo. amitomac misi bavSvobisdroindel baRSi mwife nayofe-biviT xeebze siberis Rirsebac Ruoda. jansuR Carkviani uaR-resad Rirseulad xucdeba... Sedis xanSi.

`siberec mzis feria, gaumarjos siberes!..~ es mxolod piradi asakiseuli poeturi gancda ki ara, misi samSoblos fericaa da maxsendeba grigol robaqiZis sityvebi: `saqar-Tvelo daWrili mzea, daWrili, magram mainc mze~.

Cemi axalgazrdobis wlebSi kolegebis, gansakuTrebiT kritikosebis mier, mTeli aqcenti ratomRac jansuRis samo-qalaqo lirikasa da publicistur nakadze iyo gadatanili ma-Sin, rodesac mas ukve dawerili hqonda wminda wylis brwyin-vale lirika da maT Soris ramdenime Sedevri. SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom kompozitorebi xSirad mimarTavdnen mis poezias da akakis leqsebiviT xalxis sulisa da gulis matarebeli jansuRis leqsebic iolad imRereboda. mamuka Carkvianis fan-tastiurma simRerebma es faqti mTeli masStabiT warmoaCina da daadastura.

jansuR Carkvianis SemoqmedebaSi aris erTi ulamazesi leqsi, romelic imdenad efemeruli da xelSesaxebia erTsa da imave dros, rogorc Cveni amqveynad yofnis sizmari. am leqsis sibrZne uzenaesis siyvarulSia, ise rom sityva ufali arsadaa naxsenebi. `beTania~ gasxivosnebiT mosuli xatia da roca mas uRrmavdebi, fiqrob – msgavsi ram mxolod sulieri, emociuri, inteleqtualuri da cxovrebiseuli gamocdile-bis Semdeg e.i. Warmagobis Jams unda Seqmniliyo. arada, axal-gazrdobaSia dawerili. am leqsma kidev erTxel aRmomaCenina is genetikuri kodi, romelic RmerTma CvenSi xeluxleblad gadaarCina da iliaseuli sameba – mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba – jvariviT Sekra. `beTania~ uZRebi Svilis arakia, istoriaa poeziiT gamxelili. `beTania~ monatreba da mizidulobis Za-laa. uZRebi Svilis dabrunebaa mamis wiaRSi.

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RvTis nebiT ise xdeba, rom es leqsi am didebuli taZris qveS unda gaJRerdes dRes, radgan jansuRTan erTad dRes misi da-Zmis, am sami Svilis, sami adamianis dabadebis dRecaa da maTTan erTad Cveni, siyvaruliT TavSeyrili qarTvele-bis suli da sxeuli ara mxolod `beTaniis~, aramed am wamebSi `samebis~ sxeulis nawiladac moiazreba:

`Sen ar ginaxavs Cemi Tvalebi,

Cemi xelebi da Cemi mxrebi, –

gadareuli TeTri cxenebi

da Soreuli zarebis xmebiT.

Sen ar ginaxavs Cemi nislebi,

mTodan qorebis frTiT motanili,

TeTeri qarebiT rogor ivseba

dReebi lurji, qristes tiniviT.

Sen ar ginaxavs freskis siSore,

feri faskunjis, feri qednebis,

mironis surnels rogor iSroben

Cemi sxeulis Zveli kedlebi.

Sen ar ginaxavs, modi da mnaxe,

rom es taZari Cemi tania...

saTnoebisa var Seni saxli,

morCilebisa var Seni saxli,

Seni sxeulis var beTania!..~

me es leqsi, galaktionis erT leqsTan erTad, JorJ pom-pidus centris mier mowyobil mweral qalTa pirvel msof-lio kongresze wavikiTxe 1989 wels parizSi, roca darbazi-dan mTxoves, mSobliur enaze wamekiTxa raime. saRamos dasasruls CemTan erTi asakovani frangi qalbatoni mob-rZanda da miTxra, rom saocrad musikaluri iyo is, rasac Tqven kiTxulobdiTo.

musika... jansuR Carkvianis poeziis (leqsis) musika – es erTi kar-

gi monografiis Temaa.

120

asea, musika jansuRis Tanmdevi keTili angelozia, ro-gorc SemoqmedebaSi, ise cxovrebaSi da xorcielad es mis va-JiSvilTan, mamuka CarkvianTan da SviliSvilTan, irma gigan-Tan asocirdeba.

`radgan cecxliviT erTi bewoa

sicocxles unda suli ubero,

Sen ananurTan wamomewie,

ulamazeso TeTro Rrubelo...~

sakuTar sicocxles arasodes ufrTxildeboda, rac Tavi maxsovs, sul sxvaTa sicocxlis sulis bervaSi miedineba am qveynad yofnis misi piradi dro... samagierod masTan erTad RuRuniT micuraven ulamazesi TeTri Rrublebi. jansuR Carkvianis poeziidan gamomdinare ase mgonia marto kacs ki ara, Rrubelsac Tavisi samSoblo aqvs.

irma

***– i c x o v r e s a m d r o S i – Cvens biblioTekas irma

CxeiZis naCuqari swored es wigni amSvenebs Semdegi warweriT:`Cems makas da akakis – siyvaruliT da mokrZalebiT. i. CxeiZe27. VIII. 09.~

rogor hgavs es warwera mis avtors. aseTia irma CxeiZe – literaturaTmcodne da Tanamedrove qarTuli literatu-ris SesaniSnavi mkvlevari, filologiur mecnierebaTa doq-tori, romelsac SeuZlia, naTesavebs da umcros kolegebs wignze – mokrZalebiTo – wauweros. arada, krZalvisa da mowi-webis Rirsi Tavadaa. ra Tqma unda, kolegebma viciT misi fasi, farTo sazogadoebam – naklebad. swored imitom, rom mok-rZalebulia misi buneba, Tavmdabloba misi bunebiTi Tvisebaa. es namdvili inteleqtuali, savse codniTa da gamocdilebiT mwife TavTaviviT Tavdaxrilia. fuyeTa da mCate qalbatonTa

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TavaRerili zibzibia, ra xania, `Tavisufali~, `demokratiu-li~ saqarTvelos realursa Tu virtualur sivrceSi.

piradad me, yovelTvis mainteresebda ara mxolod qar-Tul, aramed zogadad msoflio literaturul procesebsa da tendenciebze, Tanamedrove moqmed mwerlebze (ara mxolod nobeliantebze) misi azri. studentobisas, irmas mdidari biblioTekidan araerTxel misargeblia, – araerTi mwerlis, fsiqologis, filosofosis wigni wamikiTxavs misi rCeviTa da rekomendaciiT.

Cemi sadiplomo namuSevris Temac irmas SerCeulia. Zali-an bevrs vfiqrobdi, risTvis momekida xeli. maxsovs, erTxel simbolistebze Camomigdo sityva da miTxra – Cvens `cisfer-yanwelebze~, TiTqmis yvelaze, monografia Tu ara, samecniero werilebi da recenziebi maincaa dawerili. sandro cirekiZeze ki araferi, gaecani da naxav, rogor araordinalur Semoq-meds aRmoaCeno. marTlac, aRmovaCine ara mxolod minimalis-turi prozis, erTgvari mistikiT gajerebuli miniaturebis avtori, aramed rogorc Teoretikosi da `cisferyanwelTa~ ideebisa Tu manifestebis sulis Camdgmeli.

irma bavSvobidan maxsovs. pirvelad mis qorwilSi vnaxe. ufrosebTan erTad gulafaTqunebuli bavSvebic mouTmen-lad velodiT im dRis gmirebis gamoCenas, gansakuTrebiT ki im moments, roca Sesasvleli karis win bicolaCemis mier Tav-daRma dadebul friala TefSs nefe-patarZali fexisdakvriT dafSvnida. mTeli yuradReba imdenad ucnobi patarZlisken iyo mimarTuli, rom gamovtydebi, jansuRi, rogorc siZe, sa-erTod ar maxsovs. ai, irma ki... axlac Tvalwin midgas `soncek-lioSiani~ sada, TeTri abreSumis kabiTa da veeberTela Savi daTuniaTi xelSi. kefaze gardigardmo erTmaneTze wakecili Savi mbzinavi nawnavebiTa da ulamazesi Savi fexsacmeliT.

Cemi oTxi wlis Zmas (gujas) ise moewona sakuTari biZaS-vilis coli, rom mTeli saRamo ver gavaCumeT, daijgimeboda sufrebs Soris da irma Cemi colia, irma Cemi coliao, gamom-wvevad iZaxda.

jansuRis cxovrebaSi es iyo pirveli da ukanaskneli Sem-Txveva, roca colis warTmeva ase aSkarad daupires.

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qorwili ki marTlac dauviwyari iyo. sisxlsavse, damux-tuli, fucxuna, SuSxuna Sampanurebis baTqabuTqiT, banebis, pirveli, meore, mesame xmebis saocari SejibriTa Tu Sex-matkbilebiT erTdroulad, xalxuri simRerebis guguni da qalaqurisa Tu saopero ariebis monacvleoba. leqsebis, am-bebis, iumoris, mogonebebis foierverki.

SigadaSig moulodnelad avardnili koconiviT cecxlo-vani cekvebiT. es iyo speqtakli-sanaxaoba. viRac uzarmazar kacs piri daeRo da iluzionistiviT jer isev layuCebmoZrav cocxal Tevzebs vercxlis monetebiviT ylapavda Cven Tval-win. Ria sarkmlidan moulodnelad Semofrenili mtredebi WerSi kamaras kravdnen da erTdroulad TiTqos gvaTva-lierebdnen kidec zemodan. mere nel-nela frTebis faTqu-niT gaSlili sufrebisken daeSvnen da nefe-dedofals mxreb-ze daaskupdnen.

atyda erTi taSiskvra, sicil-xarxari, bravos Zaxili da isev daiWeqes, daigugunes SezarxoSebulma qarTulma xmebma... ase grZeldeboda dilamde... madlieri viyaviT albaT Rmer-Tis, rom mSoblebs CvenTvis ar ecalaT, dasaZineblad ar gve-Zaxodnen, an ubralod, am zeimidan mosawyvetad venanebodiT.

irma Zalian uyvardaT megobrebs. gagonili mqonda, rom misi siyvarulis gamo ramdenime gogonas TbilisSi saxelad swored irma erqva. mere Semxvda Cems studentebSi erTi mSve-nieri gogona, romelmac damidastura, rom dedaCemma swored irma CxeiZis siyvaruliT SemirCia es saxelio. Cemi SviliSvi-lis maswavlebelsac amis gamo daarqves irma. es siyvaruli, garda misi znekeTilobisa, albaT, iqidanac modioda, rom, Turme, Zalze karg moTxrobebs werda. an iqneb, amis mizezi isic iyo, rom ministris azizad gazrdil erTaderT qaliS-vilSi nasaxi ar iyo snobizmis, yvelasTan megobrobda, su-lerTia, Tbiliseli iyo Tu periferiidan Camosuli, SeZlebu-li ojaxidan Tu Raribi mSoblebis Svili. Tumca unda iTqvas, imdroindel TbilisSi naklebad SeimCneoda wreobanas Tu fenobanas provinciuli TamaSi.

jansuRisa ar iyos, irmac absoluturi musikaluri sme-niT gamoirCeoda da musikalur teqnikumSic eufleboda

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pianistis xelovnebas. Tumc ras eufleboda, misi deda, qal-batoni Tamari yveboda – me rom megona specialobis gakve-Tilebs eswreboda, es qalbatoni Turme im dros jansuRTan dabrZandeboda paemnebzeo.

asea, ase iyo, jansuRi gaxda misi siyvarulisa da Semoq-medebis maradiuli wyaro, jansuRi iyo misi musikaca da misi simfoniac. jansuRis gamo, e.i. siyvarulis gamo ar gamoilia irmas arcTu ise iol cxovrebaSi motivebi, melodiebi, zo-gadad, wonasworoba da harmonia.

arasodes damaviwydeba irmasTvis konstantine gamsaxur-dias mier mirTmeuli veeba bombora mixakebi da saqebari si-tyvebi, roca brwyinvaled daicva sadoqtoro disertacia didi mwerlis Semoqmedebaze. batoni konstantine im dRes sadesertacio sufrasac bolomde amSvenebda da mSvenivra-dac ilxenda.

irma CxeiZisaTvis, rogorc moazrovnisaTvis, arasodes darRveula droTa kavSiri. amitomac misi wignis saTauri – `icxovre sam droSi~ – mowodeba ki ara, ufro rCevaa Wkviani, niWieri adamianisa. sam droSi cxovreba xom imas niSnavs, ada-mianma Seni winaprebisa da Seni STamomavlobis cxovrebiTac rom unda icxovro piradad SenTvis gankuTvnil awmyo droSi. es ki tvirTia da did sulier Rvawls moiTxovs adamianisagan. samwuxarod, es yvelas ar SeuZlia. arada, Cven mier gzadagza fundamentgamagrebuli memkvidreobiTobis xidi yvelaze Zvirfasi saCuqaria Cvenive momavlisaTvis.

`icxovre sam droSi~ – am wignSi, garda samecniero-li-teraturuli werilebisa konstantine gamsaxurdiaze, rezo inanivilze, Wabua amirejibze, vaxtang javaxaZeze, givi ge-geWkorze, tariel Wanturiaze, rezo amaSukelze, zaur bol-qvaZeze, lia sturuasa da jansuR Carkvianze, Setanilia ag-reTve araCveulebrivi portretebi da siluetebi sasiqadulo adamianebisa da moRvaweebisa (nodar dumbaZe, oTar WilaZe, irakli abaSiZe, Tamar abakelia, guliko CafiZe, medea ZiZi-guri, Tengiz CantlaZe, rima kazakova, vitali korotiCi, an-drei voznesenski, bela axmadulina, dodo da rezo WiWinaZe-ebi, otia paWkoria, arCil sulakauri da vin icis vis aRar

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SexvdebiT am cocxal mogonebebSi). TaTia xaindravas weril-Si xom CarkvianTa ojaxis mTeli arsia xelisgulze dadebuli da gaxsnili. wigni im avbediT oTxmocdaaTian wlebzec gvesa-ubreba da uSualod – zviad gamsaxurdiasa da jansuR Cark-vianis urTierTobaze, mokidebuli adreuli axalgazrdobi-dan, vidre saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis samSoblodan gandevnamde, roca `siCumem da gulistkivilma daisadgura Cem da jansuRis ojaxSi~. da irma CxeiZisaTvis am ori adamianis, am ori mamuliSvilis urTierToba `dRemde auxsnel, rTul urTierTobad rCeba~.

`kacma rom Tqvas, iqneb CvenSi, adamianTa provincialuri azrovnebis arealSi, uxerxulic ki iyos, Cemgan ganxilul iqnes is dro, romelic jansuR Carkvians ekuTvnis. me pirad droze mogaxsenebT, Torem dro qveynis sakuTrebaa~.

am sityvebiT iwyeba wignSi Setanili erTi Tavi Tu parag-rafi, sulerTia, ras davarqmevT, romlis saTauricaa `bedis varskvlavi~. kiTxvis mTel procesSi iseTi gancda mqonda, rom vuyurebdi erTgvari mxatvruli SeferilobiT gadaRe-bul dokumentur films jansuR Carkvianze, bavSvobidan mo-yolebuli vidre dRemde, mTeli cxovreba gaivlis Tvalwin – uaRresad damuxtuli, aqtiuri, mwuxarebiT, tkiviliT, si-cocxliTa da xalisiT savse...

ra Tqma unda, es `filmi~ irmas unda gadaeRo, misi cxov-rebis ganuyrel megobars, Wkvians, maradiul Seyvarebuls, romelic piradad me mrCeba gancda, rom sakuTar Tavsac ki ar icnobs ise kargad da srulyofilad, rogorc meuRles, TiTqos meuRlesTan erTad tyupiscalic iyos misi.

`poeti Tavisi biografiidan iwyeba. poetis Semoqmedeba misi pirovnebidanaa gamomdinare da umetesad im suliskve-TebiTaa gaJRenTili, im cxovrebas asaxavs, romliTac Semoq-medma icxovra...

...ram ganapiroba jansuRis xasiaTis verSecnoba? ram da misive galaRebulma xasiaTma, Tamadobam, iumorma, simReram, cekvam, misma xmaurma. aki erTgan TviTonac ambobs, mSurs im poetebis, romlebic siCumiT xmaurobeno...

misi xasiaTi: uSiSari, ukompromiso, gulCvili, iolad feTqebadi, iolad mimtevebeli, gulkeTili, arapraqtikuli,

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lukmis gamyofi, mTeli cxovreba ufulo, jansuRi yovelTvis trialebda iq, sadac cxovreba Cqefda. mebrZoli bunebiT da uRalato, megobrebis moyvaruli, Zalian ganicdis megobris Ralats, Tumca megobarTagan cocxali cotaRa SemogvrCa...

jansuR Carkviani wynari da mSvidi arasodes yofila. igi mudam cxovrebis SuagulSi trialebda, sadac gansakuTrebiT boboqrobdnen vnebani da amitom iyo, metad xvdeboda siyva-rulic da siZulvilic, rogorc TviTon ambobs `mecxre ci-dan Camovardnac da, piriqiT, mecxre caze ayvanac~...

es iyo fragmentebi `bedis varskvlavidan~. aRar gavagr-Zeleb. jansuRze, rogorc Semoqmedsa da rogorc adamianze bevri dawerila da, darwmunebuli var, momavalSic bevri daiwereba, magram irma CxeiZiseuli Sefasebebi mainc sxva xi-blisa da mniSvnelobis matarebelia, mniSvnelovania, radgan es Sefasebebi mxolod meuRlesa da cxovrebis Tanamgzavrs ki ar ekuTvnis, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, Tavadac Semoqmedi bunebis mqone namdvil profesionals.

da kidev erTi, irmas mier dawerilma `bedis varskvlavma~ did sixarulTan, interesTan da siamovnebasTan erTad, ra-Racnairi sevdac damitova burusiviT. sevda imis gamo, rom erT droSi, erT qveyanaSi, erT qalaqSi, TviT gverdigverd mcxovrebi adamianebic ki, samwuxarod, mxolod sqematurad aRviqvamT erTmaneTs da aTasi subieqturi Tu obieqturi mi-zezebisa, dabrkolebaTa gamo erTmaneTis srulyofil gage-basa da Seyvarebas ver vaswrebT Tu ver vaxerxebT.

raRa dagimaloT da yvela Semoqmedisa Tu zogadad, yvela Rirseuli kacisaTvis me vinatrebdi irmas msgavsi Tanamei-naxe, gamgebi da gulSematkivari hyoloda gverdiT. maSin Cveni rTuli, daZabuli cxovrebac am wuTisofelSi Sedare-biT gaioldeboda.

Tako

***Tako Carkviani irma giganze naklebi vunderkindi ar gax-

ldaT Tavis droze. magram mamamisisa ar iyos, misi daudegari bunebidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis vgrZnobdi, rom gamudme-

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biT 5-6 saaTi erT adgilze jdoma, Tundac sayvarel instru-mentTan, misTvis Zneli iqneboda.

iqneb me axla im `sizarmaces~ vamarTleb, romelic, kacma ar icis, iyo Tu ar iyo mis musikalur cxovrebaSi. an iqneb, Tako rom pianistis profesias bolomde ar Seewira, es de-dis rbili xasiaTis bralicaa. aseTi araordinaluri bavSve-bis `damorCileba~ da formaSi yofna xom mkacri disciplinis sruli ganawesiT, SeboWviTa (artaxebis moWeriTa) da mocar-tis mamis daundoblobiTac xdeba xSirad. iqneb, am saerTa-Soriso asparezze srulyofilad gasvlas talantTan erTad sxva brZolis Jini da sxva saxsaric sWirdeboda... gana cota niWi Camqrala moSurneTa Tu `keTilismosurneTa~ xelis SeS-liTa da e.w. sponsorTa ararsebobiT...

rac ar vici, ar vici, amitom Tavs uflebas ver mivcem amaze dabejiTebiT visaubro, ubralod, Cems fiqrebsa da varaudebs gamovTqvam. samagierod, dabejiTebiT SemiZlia vTqva, rom Zlieri mSobeli gamodga da bibliuri igavisa ar iyos, talan-ti miwaSi ki ar dafla da Seinaxa, aramed mis patara, genios qaliSvils am talantis brunva da gamravlebis sixaruli aswavla.

Tavad ki gauxednavi TeTri kviciviT Tavisuflebismoy-vare darCa, asparezadac Tavisufali sityva airCia.

vinc mis publicistikas icnobs, ar SeiZleba jansuRis striqoni ar gaaxsendes: `tyvia mizanSi mosaxvedria...~ Tako am sayovelTao ganukiTxaobis Jams snaiperiviT sityvas yovel-Tvis zusti misamarTiT agzavnis. imdenad zustad, rom `brma tyviisgan~ gansxvavebiT, sityvis sibrmave masTan gamoricxu-lia. amitomaa, rom keTilSobilTa suli misi sityviT ara-sodes daWrila da Sewuxebula.

mxolod aRviraxsnilTa, xarbTa, e.w. TavisuflebiTa da ZalauflebiT retdasxmulTa, moRalateTa da vercxlismoy-vareTa misamarTiTaa misi sarkazmi da mware ironia mimarTu-li, daucvelTa, daCagrulTa sulebs ki malamod efineba.

Takos stili ar aris metaforebiTa da qveteqstebiT sa-ubari. es esTetika ufro misi faqizi moTxrobebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, romelsac Tavis droze vrceli werili uZRvna Cvengan udrood wasulma uniWieresma literaturis-mcodnem zaza gogiam.

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publicistikaSi Tako Carkvianis fiqri, warmosaxva, fan-tazia yovelTvis realobas efuZneba da amitomaa gamWoli, gamWvirvale. yovelgvari uxvsityvaobis, mieT-moeTis da sir-Tuleebis gareSe. sityvis garTuleba da filosofosobana metwil sicruidan modis da Takom icis, rom sicruis mama eSmakia.

eSmakoba ki ara da, diplomatiac naklebad exerxeba, gan-sakuTrebiT imaT winaSe, romelTac ase Tu ise, Cveni qveynis, Cveni kulturis bedi abariaT. amitom sxva Tu wauyruebs, anda sulac gauCumdeba uzneobas, usamarTlobas, amas suli exu-Teba, TiTqos pirze xeli aafares da gagudvas upireben.

`siCume sibrZneao, bevrjer gamigonia, sxvaTa Soris ara-sodes veTanxmebodi, Tanac mamaCemis sityvebi maxsendeba xolme, – warmogidgenia, iliac rom gaCumebuliyo? Tumca erTi kia, momgebiania siCume, Zalze momgebiani. gaTvale, ga-moTvale, ai, mag raRacebiT Cems ojaxs arasodes ucxovria da verc me maswavles... arada, rogor ginda gaCumde, roca `sikvdilis brigada~ (rogorc xalxma Searqva) quCaSi daZ-rwis da xalxs xocavs?.. is, rac dRes saqarTveloSi xdeba, sa-marTaldamcavebis TvalsazrisiT, namdvili terorizmia, es katastrofaa. Tqven SegiZliaT is nabijebi, romelsac dgamT, sisxlis gareSe ganaxorcieloT, es Tvqeni SeRebili fasade-bi da dagebuli gzebi ufro gamoCndeba. TiTqmis yovel ferad SeRebil fasads sisxliT SeRebili operacia mohyveba xolme. ratom, sisxliT gindaT SexvideT istoriaSi... es xom Zalze iolia? amas yvela diqtatori akeTebda...~

(`haramxanis vardebis geSinodes – omar xaiam~. 2006. `literaturuli saqarTvelo~).

marto saTaurebis moxmobac ki misi publicisturi weri-lebisa, ara mxolod daganaxebT, aramed gagrZnobinebT – Tako Carkvianis suliskveTebas, pozicias, is Tu rogor esmis mas Tavisufleba da saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba.

`me var qarTveli, ma-Sa-sa-da-me...~; `piari Tu robespieri~; `daviwyebuli saxelmwifo, daviwyebuli ferebi~; `ra unda icodnen `dedal-mamalma~ berbiWaSvilebma?~; `nu moZovT Cvens qveyanas~; `qarTuli aliyuri~; `eh, amerika, amerika~ da a.S.

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es publicistika ZiriTadad 2003-2008 wlebSia daweri-li da Tavisi ganwyobiT, intonaciiT, ritmiT, gancdiTa da reaqciiT absoluturad adekvaturia qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebisa da movlenebisa. amitom im mkacri sarkazmiTa da ironiiT, rasac xSirad iSveliebs Tako Carkviani Tavis weri-lebSi, ki ar gZabavs da gaRizianebs, aramed eTanxmebi da im TvalsazrisiT erTgvarad gamSvidebs kidec, rom ekzotikuri xavsiTa da kenWebiT mokirwylul, aqvariumad gadakeTebul Cvens qveyanaSi pirovnebebi pirSi wyalCagubebuli civsis-xliani TevzebiviT ar dacuraven win da ukan, aramed adami-anur reaqciebs droulad iZlevian.

umcrosi irma(irma – mariami)

***bolos Tako Carkvians 23-e saerTaSoriso musikaluri

festivalis `Semodgomis Tbilisis~ farglebSi gamarTul simfoniuri musikis koncertze Sevxvdi jansuR kaxiZis saxe-lobis musikalur centrSi.

pirvel ganyofilebaSi misi qaliSvili irma gigani as-rulebda Sopenis koncerts fortepianosa da simfoniuri orkestrisaTvis (#2, fa minori. Txz. 21).

imis mere, rac irma gigani 2014 wels daniis qalaq aarhu-sis saerTaSoriso konkursis laureati gaxda, misTvis aRar momismenia.

amjeradac saocari iyo pianistis bgeris xarisxi. kla-viaturaze gansacvifrebeli teqnikiT dahqroda musikaluri SegrZnebebis umdidresi palitra.

darbazi ise iyo sulganabuli, italieli maestros, mu-sikaTmcodnisa da Teoretikosis alfredo tomatisis ter-mini `yuris poza~ gamaxsenda. marTlac, ara mxolod darbazi, aramed mTeli musikaluri centris Senobac ki, TiTqos erT mTlian vardisfer yuris niJarad qceuliyo, romlis mgrZno-biare mRvimeebSic ziarebis RvinosaviT nel-nela (TandaTan) isxmeboda musikis gamabruebeli siTxe Tavisi maTrobela surneliT, gemoTi, aromatiT, ase gasinjeT, temperaturiTac ki.

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rodion SCedrinTan Sexvedrisas moskovis konservato-riis profesorma kompozitors hkiTxa – Soubiznesis kano-nebi klasikur musikas Seexo Tu arao. maestrom sevdianad aRiara, klasikuri musikis Cawera-mosmena sul ufro da uf-ro ZviradRirebul siamovnebad iqcao. miuxedavad imisa, rom faqtebis moSveliebiT kompozitori punqtobrivad Seecada gaZvirebis konkretul mizezTa ganmartebas, piradad me, am movlenis ufro zogadi axsna maqvs da xsenebul tendencias stiqiur ubedurebaTa rangSi moviazreb. radgan Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, suli iseve inameba, xarobs da Rvivdeba RvTaebrivi musikiT, rogorc yinviT damzrali, anda gvalviT daxeTqili niadagi mziTa da wvimis uecari mosvliT.

im saRamos irma giganis STagonebis wyalobiT mziani dar-bazi musikis TqorSi iyo gaxveuli. swored am didi esTeturi sixarulis gamo ver eleoda msmeneli Tavis xelovans da `bra-vo~, `biis~-is ZaxiliT meramdened gamohyavda scenaze.

xolo is, rac Semdeg am ulamazesma pianistma Caidina, ro-ca roials Tavidan miujda da raxmaninovis TiTqmis ucnobi etiudi daukra, iyo sruliad gamaognebeli, araordinaluri Sesruleba. es ar iyo mxolod musika. es iyo mTeli drama-turgia, Tavisi dialogiT, ucnauri intimiT or adamians, or sulier arsebas – irma gigansa da Sav roials Soris. da Senc, am bgeriTi speqtaklis monawile, musikas ki ara, musikiT moTxrobil ambavs sulganabuli ugdebdi yurs.

mamuka

***

`iseTi saxli minda gaCuqo, Sen rom icxovreb,iseTi sityva minda davwero, Sen rom gaigeb,........................................iseTi wyali minda gwyurodes, me rom mogitan;me mogitan wyals, Sen icxovreb CemTan~.

wlebis winaT, roca irakli jer kidev cocxali iyo, aseTi ram Camiweria dRiurSi: – iseTi sasowarkveTili xmiT mReris irakli Carkviani, iseTi dekadansia mis sulSi, iseTi auxdene-

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lia ocneba, winaswar icis, ganwirulia es intimi. didi didi ramdenime weli eyos, ikmaros es siyvaruli. ki ar mReris, TiTqos momavlis bgerebs gudavs, gareT gamosvlas, Tavisu-flebaSi yofnas ar aclis. SigniT, sulis Sida gamoqvabuleb-Si abrunebs da sxvas ki ara, uwylo WaSi (Rrma ormoSi) Cagde-bul sakuTar Tavs dahyurebs. mas ara swams bibliuri Webis da im wylis, romlis dalevis Semdegac arasodes gastanjavs wyurvili. mas mxolod sakuTari wylis (maragis) imedi aqvs da kaifSi mosuli frTiani demonebi zogjer angelozebi hgonia.

aseTi sasowarmkveTi winaTgrZnobiT ver mReris veravin qarTul Sou-biznesSi. qarTul motivSi, melodiaSi, harmo-niaSi yvelaferia dekadansis garda. irakli Carkvianma qar-Tul simReraSi sasowarkveTas, rogorc gamxmar kaktuss wya-li daalevina da melodia aCuqa, moasuliera.

irakli gansakuTrebiT Tineijerebs uyvardaT, am dar-beul samoTxeSi, romelsac odesRac samSoblo erqva saxe-lad. gulgatexil gogo-biWebs irakli Carkvianis erTgvari agresia Zalas matebda da simReriT gajerebul mis perfor-mansebs, rogorc omSi iaraRayrili tyveebi, Ramis klubebSi xelebaweulebi xvdebodnen.

mamuka Carkviani Svilebis, mamebis da babuebis Taobas erT-nairad uyvars. radgan mamukasTan didi sevdaa da ara deka-dansi, imedia da ara skefsisi, ganSorebaa da ara ganxeTqile-ba. meti sinaTlea (`maRla da maRla~) da miuxedavad amRvreuli Tovlisa, mainc sjera misi siwmindis.

merab sefaSvilTan erTad `mwvane rtoebiT~ mamuka Car-kvianis gamoCena did scenaze usieri talanebidan gamofre-nili mgaloblebis gamoCenas hgavda. `da momiCrdileee...~ cxovrebiseuli Suq-Crdilebis zeimi idga scenaze. darbazic iseTi SvebiT sunaTqavda, xasxasa kvirtis pirveli amoskdoma rom abruebs xolme zamTargamovlil Tbiliss.

`mSvidobiT aaara, naxvamdis~... roca bolo wlebSi Seq-mnil am saocar melodias mReris mamuka da sityva `aaara~-s welavs, grZnob rogor enaneba, rogor ver uSvebs Cakidul xels omSi daRupuli megobris xsovnas da am `naxvamdis~-iT anugeSebs.

mamuka Carkvianis `muxambazs~ rom vismen, `maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~. mis guliscemasTan erTad, sqesad dayofili

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samyaros baga-bugic mesmis da dedamiwis gugunic. es aris dafdafebis fonze maradiuli mamris Zaxili gulisswori-sadmi, sworferisadmi, sakuTari naxevrisadmi.

misi musikis qariSxlian zRvebSi gasuli patara, didgula xomaldebi simamacis Sxefebs isvrian da napirze darCenilTa gaocebas – amxela zRvaSi patara xomaldo, rogor gabedeo – dabrunebis imediT pasuxoben.

mamukas bavSvobidan fafukas veZaxdiT. Tu ar vcdebi, av-did babum Searqva es saxeli, TiTqos Tavidanve ganWvrita am uniWieresi adamianis Zalian mgrZnobiare da advilad mowy-vladi buneba.

roca wlebis mere, irinolas Semdeg, patara jansuRi (ja-kuna) gauCnda, am did saCuqarTan erTad RmerTma mis ojaxSi ulamazesi simRerebic erTbaSad CamoTova. ̀ CamoTova iiisev...~, `Tavisi dro aqvs yvelafers Cemo...~ mamukas yvela simReras, nebismier droSi dawerils, gulisferi adevs.

Takosgan gansxvavebiT, politikuri atmosferos cvli-lebebs, erTi SexedviT, indiferentulad, erTgvari Sayiri-Tac uyurebs. mxurvaled da seriozulad qveyanaSi momxdar procesebsa da movlenebs mxolod SemoqmedebiTad pasuxobs. ase daiwera saocari `himni Tavisuflebas~ da ase Sesrulda igi `qarTul xmebTan~ erTad, romelic saqarTvelos ara mxo-lod araoficialur himnad, aramed maradiul gafrTxile-badac eqca.

mamukas erTxel Sevexvewe – Tavs moufrTxildiTqo da gamomityda: nu geSinia, Cemi devizia, rac SeiZleba metxans vi-cocxlo... karg raRacebs vapireb, isedac davuwer ufals sa-galoblebs, magram erTi 30-35 weli kidev rom maCuqos, xotba da simRerebi maSin naxe.

ratomRac prustis cnobili anketidan erTi SekiTxva ga-maxsenda da vkiTxe: mamu, Tu odesme Sexvdebodi RmerTs, ras isurvebdi, rom mas SenTvis eTqva?

mamukam am SekiTxvas mTeli seriozulobiT upasuxa: – Sens win vdgavar da axla xom mxedav?! da me vupasuxebdi

– gxedav ufalo, madloba RmerTs, rom gxedav... danaxva xom ase advili araa, pilates rom uTxra: maT win vdgavar da ver mxedaveno.

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erTxelac, Tavisi mravalgzisi operaciebis gamo etls rom iyo mijaWvuli, damireka da meubneba: `maka, momenatreT, Tanac axali simRerebi maqvs da ar ginda mogasmeninoT?~

TiTqmis oTxsaaTiani koncerti mogviwyo ise, rom ar Seus-venia. iseTi STagonebiT mReroda, guli gamiskda, araferi mouvides-meTqi. es iyo Cems cxovrebaSi erT-erTi saukeTeso, dauviwyari saRamo.

vismendi TiTqmis Cems win dabadebul axal simRerebs da ukve vicodi, rom hitad qceuli maTi umravlesoba male moiv-lida mTel saqarTvelos. gaocebuli da gaxarebuli viyavi yvelafriT, rasac igi aseT mdgomareobaSi akeTebda, misi gam-ZleobiT, musikiT, iumoriT, misi siTboTi, energiiT, momav-lis imediT.

am saRamos kidev erTi moulodneli gaoceba axlda. Cemi Svidi wlis niWieri, magram ucelqesi SviliSvili sandro, romelic arasodes Cerdeba da gakveTilebsac TiTqmis sir-biliT amzadebs, mamuka Carkvianis uantraqto, oTxsaaTian koncerts, welSi gamarTuli ise usmenda, rom ar ganZreula. es namdvili saswauli iyo! gamomSvidobebisas mamukasTan suraTic gadaiRo.

merve sarTulidan liftiT rom daveSviT, gulma ar mo-miTmina da aSkara STabeWdilebebis qveS myof sandros kabi-naSive vkiTxe:

– sandro, mogewona mamukas simRerebi?Zunwad, ori sityviT mipasuxa:– magari vinmea!saxlSi misuls ki axla babua rom CakiTxa, kargi iyoo?

aseve ori sityviT upasuxa: – kakuC, erTi gitara Senzea.da me kidev erTxel gamaxsenda da meramdened davijere,

rom bavSvis eniT samyaroSi WeSmariteba RaRadebs.didebulia, roca ojaxebi sam droSi cxovrebas axerxeben!

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zoia cxadaia

`...es ukidegano sircxvili~...

(daur naWyebias romanis `Ramis napirebi~ gamo)

XX saukunis dasasrulma saqarTvelos (zogadad – sabWo-Ta respublikebs), erTi mxriv, erovnuli damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba moutana, meore mxriv (gansakuTrebiT – saqar-Tvelos), Tavs daatexa umZimesi kataklizmebi, tragikuli finaliT. afxazeTis omi erT-erTi mtkivneuli da aqtualu-ri Temaa uaxloesi wlebis qarTuli literaturis istori-aSi. bevri daiwera rogorc poeturi, ise prozauli teqstebi, romelTa avtorebic arian afxazeTidan devnilobaSi myofi Tu, zogadad, qarTveli mwerlebi.

am mxriv, qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis, qarTuli sazogado-ebisTvis (ara mxolod...) sainteresod migvaCnia afxazi mwer-lis, daur naWyebias, romani `Ramis napiri~ (dawerilia afxazur enaze, rusulidan Targmnili mweral guram odiSarias mier, gamoica 2010 w. Tb., gamomc. ̀ saojaxo biblioTeka~, redaqtori zaza abzianiZe); wigni, ra Tqma unda, afxazeTis omis Temazea, Tumca – saomari bataliebisa da umowyalod daxocilTa sim-ravlis gareSe. mxolod aqa-iq Tu gaismis haubicebis gruxu-ni, avtomatebis kakani da snaiperis tyviebis zuzuni. am mxriv daur naWyebia SesaSuri ostatobiT icavs omisa da mSvidobis Temis didostatebis (hemingueis, gansakuTrebiT remarkis) Txrobis stils, magram, rac mTavaria, SeuZlia, gamokveTos individualuri xelwerac. wignSi omis zogadi problema ga-jerebulia konkretuli droisa da sivrcis lokalizebuli realobiT, erovnuli cnobierebisa da msoflxedvis mqone lirikuli gmiris (mTxrobelis) saTqmeliT, Sesabamisad – am faqtobrivi masalisTvis sadagi StrixebiT, ocdameerTe sauku-nis axalgazrda kacis fiqrTa nakadiT, SfoTviT, kritikiT, zogjer moulodneli lirikuli wiaRsvlebiT – mcireodeniT, magram raRac sxivi rom Semoaqvs mrume, nacrisfer samyaroSi.

daur naWyebia profesiiT fizikosia. man sruliad axal-gazrdam dabeWda afxazur presaSi Tavisi pirveli moTxrobe-

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bi da novelebi. sxvadasxva dros igi muSaobda afxazeTis uni-versitetSi, afxazeTis mweralTa kavSirSi, dimitri gulias saxelobis saxelmwifo premiebis komitetSi, gazeT ̀ aiTairas~ redaqtorad. amJamad saxelmwifo gamomcemloba `alaSaras~ direqtoria. aris ramdenime prozauli da publicisturi wignis avtori. `Ramis napiri~ misi pirveli romania.

romanis mTavari drama Txrobis dasawyisSive gaTamaSde-ba: iRupeba mTavari personaJi – adgur a. misi xanmokle (oc-dasami wlis), uazro omSi (rogorc mas, adgur a-s, miaCnia sabolood) TavgamodebiT gamovlili sicocxle tragikulad damTavrda... Tanac maSin, roca qalaqi `aiRes~ (bedis ironia orive mxarisTvis) 93-is zafxulSi da gamarjveba ukve garan-tirebuli iyo. is 92-is agvistodan ibrZoda. darCa dRiurebi – saskolo saerTo rveuli, bolomde gavsebuli. mTxrobels, romelic Semdeg beslanis saxeliT gagvecnoba, es dRiuri iman gadasca, vinc adgur a-s daRupvis dRes mis gverdiT imyofeboda, vinc beslanis arsebobac icoda. SeiZleba vi-fiqroT, adgur a. lirikuli gmiris oreulia, misi meore `mea~, im gansxvavebiT, rom erTi sakuTari nebiT midis amqveynidan... ambobs kidevac amaze beslani: `gana SeiZleba daRupva Searq-va amqveynidan sakuTari nebiT wasvlas?! TviTon ki xels ver iRebs sicocxleze, gunebaSic ar gauvlia, Tumca, aSkarad gulgatexilia im yvelafriT, rasac, misi azriT, aravisTvis araferi moutania – arc gamarjvebulebisaTvis, arc damarcxe-bulebisaTvis. vin iyvnen es `gamarjvebulebi~ da `damarcxe-bulebi~? Tu mweral-mTxrobelis fsiqologiur diskurss CavuRrmavdebiT, yvela aSkara miniSneba Tu qveteqsti gavac-nobierebT, ar unda gaWirdes, davaskvnaT – gamarjvebuli ar-avin iyo, damarcxebuli – ki – amjerad – erTi, perspeqtivaSi – orive; ras moutanda es gamarjveba afxaz ers?.. samSobloSi usamSoblod darCebian, dasavleTiT gaxedvac aekrZalebaT, sadme, qalaqis ganapiras, romelime myrali ormos gverdiT Sefenili bazrobiT unda dakmayofildnen da a.S. es besla-nis azrebia anu – mTxrobelis, anu – avtoris. momavals kidev ufro mkveTri StrixebiT warmosaxavs mwerali Semdeg da Sem-deg pasaJebSi. manam ki isev dasawyiss mivubrundeT – adgur a-s

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sikvdilis faqts. faqtobrivad man Tavi moikla, Tavi moakv-levina snaipers. ratom da risTvis – es araritorikuli ki-Txva (xan pirdapiri miniSnebiT da pasuxebiT, xan – qveteqste-biT) gasdevs mTel wigns, es aris is, rac awuxebs

mTxrobels, romelic Tavadac mTavari personaJia. ori mTavari personaJi SeuZlebelia. albaT, romeliRacas meti mxatvruli funqcia unda hqondes. Tumca, rogorc vTqviT, adgur a. mwerlis sulieri monaTesavea. isini erTmaneTs avse-ben sikvdil-sicocxlisadmi, mimdinare umZimesi faqtebisad-mi damokidebulebiT. gansxvaveba isaa, rom beslani asakiTac cotaTi ufrosia, sruli ganaTlebiT da gamocdilebiTac me-ti, saomar viTarebas gvian SeuerTda, roca qudze kacs eZax-dnen. sagulisxmoa, rom daur naWyebias Zma daeRupa am omSi, masac bolo wels ubrZolia da soxumis aRebis dRes daRupu-la swored, rogorc wignis gmiri adgur a. ase rom, is unda iyos adgur a-s prototipic da lirikul gmirad warmoCeni-li avtoris Sinagani monologebis indikatori. ase Semodis romanis cocxal samyaroSi ukve daRupuli mebrZoli axal-gazrda afxazi. nawyvetebi misi dRiurebidan mravalmxriv Cagvaxedebs meomris TiTqos sabrZolo ganwyobiT SemarTul, magram adamianurad – aforiaqebul sulSi. nawyvetis vrceli monakveTidan, romelSic dRiuris avtori Ramis peizaJs aRwers (siyvaruli, mdinare, Rame, mTvare...), mimaniSnebelia imisa, rom sruliad axalgazrda kaci, iZuleblia Caufiqrdes (Tun-dac – wamierad, roca sikvdilis pirispir dgas) gansacdels, adamianuri yofis arss: `mdinare, me mas vusmendi da vcdilob-di, Sevrwymodi mis monanave xmas~, – wers is da, albaT, imitom, rom `cxovrebad wodebuli adamianis yofis Zilispiruli Cqa-mi warmoudgenlad mcirea gorebsa da istoriamdeli, atote-buli mxecebis msgavs kaWaxebs Soris modudune mdinaris di-nebasTan SedarebiT...~ es is droa, roca qancgawyvetili dRe galeula da Ramis siCumeSi saSualeba eZleva fantastikur, magram netar warmosaxvebSi gadavides: `...me – uzarmazari, mdinaresaviT usamano, mis fskerze viweqi da CemSi ganedineboda misi Tavdapirvelad gamToSavi, magram fexebis siaxloves, siTboSemoparuli, Semdeg ki, dabla, ukve Tbilze Tbili wya-

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li... netav ase movedinebode... Tanac usasrulod!~.. Wabuks, romelic, mwerlis azriT, didi ganaTlebiT ar gamoirCeoda, magram moskovis litinstitutSi ki uswavlia, samyarosTan romantikuli damokidebulebis niWi hqonia an – ufro meti. avtori xazs usvams, rom Tundac sikvdil-sicocxlis epicen-trSi yofnis Jams adamians, miT umetes, axalgazrdas, mainc gauelvebs wami, gamxedavi sicocxlisaken... SiSic (rac ar unda Zlieri iyos adamiani, qvecnobierad mainc...) egzisten-cialuri... SiSi am silamazis ver gametebis gamo. am SemTxve-vaSi ara aqvs mniSvneloba, vin, romeli erovnebis (romeli mxare) iqneba am fiqrebis ukan – mdinaris gamoRma Tu gaRma na-piris avtomatiani, sangarSi fiqrisTvis moclili `boeviki~. Tu adamiani samyaros goniT da grZnobiT Sexedavs, SeuZle-belia, masTan ganSoreba arafrad Caagdos. `varskvlavebi ki, samyaroseuli gazebis mociale gamonatyorcnebi, cimcimeb-dnen da cimcimebdnen. axla isini, sabolood Camoyalibebuli wesis Sesatyvisad, Tvalebs apaWunebdnen, gansakuTrebiT ki iseTi Sterebis gasaxarad, rogoric me gaxlavarT~, – Cawers Tavis dRiurSi adgur a. sakmaod ironiulia misi damokide-buleba am omisadmi, SeiZleba iTqvas, zogadad – omisadmi. `buTq-quxili~, – ase arqmevs is am situacias. SedarebisaTvis skabrezs iyenebs da Txroba grZeldeba Sesabamisi ironiiT: `am dros, paralelurad, Sors, soxumis SemogarenTan, sadRac kelasurTan, ibuTqa-iquxa, iqneb ase – buTq-quxili~ atexa (ho, WeSmaritad ase ajobebs, es sityva ukeT gamoxatavs movlenis masStaburobas) qarTulma haubicam, magram Tavis sqelkaniani da arapativmoyvaruli Tvisebis gamo samyaroseul sivrces ki ar miabuTquxila, aramed – Cvens poziciebs. kidev ufro xmi-ani buTqquxiliT afeTqda misi gamonatyorcni Wurvi, rome-lic qvemo eSeraSi daaskda sakuTar xmas~... adgur a-sTvis erT-nairad `buTq-quxilia~ gaRmidan Tu gamoRmidan daquxebuli brZolis xmebi. `mravalkalibriani da mravalmizniani quxi-lis xmebSi CameZinao~, – ase daasrulebs Ramis teqsts (`dRisiT Zalian advilia gulgrilad uyuro yvelafers, RamiT ki sul sxva saqmea~, e. heminguei, `aRmoxdebis mze~). RamiT, loginSi mwoliare, Tavis Sinagan mzeras warsuls miapyrobs, rom ukeT

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gaarkvios dRevandeloba (sicarielSi myofobis SegrZnebas rom utovebs), magram is warsulic `gafuebulia~ da momava-li – saxecvlili warsuli... `am samyaros tkiviliT davtoveb – ver SevZeli, xe gamxdarviyavi, is xe, romelic Cems sizmreb-Sia Carguli. me adamianad movevline samyaros, xe verasodes gavxdebi. saTaveebTan dabrunebis sixaruli aRar meRirsa. da mainc, iSviaTad, Cems arsebaSi vgrZnobdi xis sulsac da mdi-naris sulsac (tkbilad, Zalian tkbilad, fsevdodardianad. mxolod imqveyniuri koordinatebi. davtoveb am samyaros)~...

beslani cdilobs, Cawvdes, gaigos, daasrulos dRiuris fragmentuli sityvebis `abdaubda~. `samyaros aRmonorCeba sityvaTa ferflidan~, `sityvebisaTvis pirvelyofilebis dabruneba~ da a.S. beslanisTvis, rogorc fizikosisTvis, es cota ucxoa da sasaciloc ki, radgan, misi SexedulebiT, sam-yaro arasodes eyrdnoba sityvebs. sityvebi yovelTvis zed-metia. azris gamoTqma formulebiTac SeiZleba. Tu es ase mo-xerxda, maSin azri dasrulebuli da araorazrovani iqneba. sityvebi gvaSoreben arss~. da mainc, adgur a. am `abdaubda~ sityvebiT Semovida lirikuli gmiris, mTxrobelis – besla-nis cnobierebaSi, TiTqos sapaeqrod gamoiwvia (sikdilisa da sicocxlis, gardacvlilisa da cocxlad darCenilis); erT mxares – Jami sikvdilisa, uCveulo formiT; meore mxares – Jami sicocxlisa, romelmac (Tu odnav Rirsebis grZnoba ar-sebobs) unda amoxsnas, gaarZelos is, rac Sewyda. `abdaubda~ unda dalagdes da saTqmeli garkveulad iTqvas, adgur a. Ta-visi sulis tkivilad da gulis-Tqmad unda aqcios, CamoaSo-ros Wori da WuWyi mis saxels, rom misi sikvdili uazrobad da mxolod afeqtad ar daaskvnan. avtoris mizania, sabolo-od mainc kargad gaacnobieron yvelaferi, miT umetes, `gul-grilma Tanamoqalaqeebma (soxumelebma), romelTa azrebi ise gavdnen erTmaneTs, rogorc ori micvalebuli~. yvelasTvis gamocanad rCeboda, ratom Caidina adgur a-m es, ratom air-Cia sikvdilis gza. mis bolodroindel Sinagan foriaqsac ixsenebdnen... an, ubralod, daiRala da sulis moTqma sWide-bodao, Tundac – erTi kviriT. ver gauZlo, rkinisa xom ar oyoo da a.S. zogni anaSas abralebdnen, romelsac adgur a.

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xarbad etaneboda, pulsis dakargvamde boldeboda~, magram yvelani aRiarebdnen, rom is sakuTari nebiT avida miwayrilze da Subli tyvias miuSvira. aq avtori warsulSi brundeba da ixsenebs daRupuli axalgazrdis, adgur a-s, ukmayofilebas soxumelebis mimarT, gansakuTrebiT, adgilobrivi Cinovni-kebis cxovrebis interesebisa da maTi `aRmafrenis mizezebs~, romelTac araviTari Rirebuleba ar hqondaT. mTxrobelic uerTdeba mis kritikul diskurss. warmosaxviT Tvals gada-avlebs axlo warsulis mravalferovan, mravaltomobriv `mofuTfuTe publikas~, soxumis mWidrod Semojaruli go-rakebis xasxasa simwvanes da, am gadasaxedidan, cdilobs iyos realisti, TviTkritikulic: `ase viWyletdiT tvins, magram maSin gveCveneboda, rom Cveni Tavdaviwyebuli msjelobebi gvamarTlebda da ase Tavxedurad da ucermoniod vakriti-kebdiT yvelas – didsa Tu mcire avtoritetebs~.

kritikulia avtori, axalgazrda kaci sazogadoebis im nawilis mimarT, romelic mistiroda sabWoTa imperiis daS-las da mis dangrevas udides borotebad miiCnevda. amgvarad moazrovneTa erT-erTi saxea manCa satbeeviCi, beberi Cekis-ti, komkavSiruli warsuliTa da grZeli, mosabezrebeli aku-ratuli partiuli arsebobiT, romelic gulSi imedovnebs, rom sabWoTa kavSiris SenarCuneba zogierT regionSi mainc iqneba SesaZlebeli (amgvar moimedeTa da ganawyenebulTa na-klebobac ar iyo). manCa satbeeviCi Tavs abezrebda 20-50-iani wlebis represiebze, agentebze saubriT beslans da im yve-lafris gamarTlebiT, rac maSin xdeboda. mamebis codvebis gamo Svilebi isjebiano, – megobar qalTan saubarSi ityvis am Zvel sibrZnes beslani da mxedvelobaSi hyavs mamaTa swored is Taoba, romelTac TavianTi mrude saqmeebiT imTaviTve gan-sazRvres xvedri momavali Taobebisa, romelTac axla Tavi unda imtvrion imaze – ra da rogor...

manCa satbeeviCis kategorias ganekuTvneba Zveli, gamo-brZmedili komunisti qali, magbulia, asketiviT rom cxov-robda... uSvilo, qmari stalinur banakSi daRupvoda. Tvi-Tonac Zlivs gadarCeniliyo. darCa qmris erTgulic da stalinis erTgulic. sulis siRrmeSi swamda, rom is da misi

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qmari damnaSaveebi iyvnen. mocemul da msgavs epizodebs mwe-rali vrclad da damajereblad gadmoscems. am fonze isaxeba, zogadad, drogadasuli sabWoTa mentaliteti, romelic aRi-zianebs beslans. igi dauzogavi ironiiT amxels maT `maraz-matulobas da gonebadabindulobas~, radgan esec moiazreba erT-erT mizezad imisa, rac xdeba realobaSi.

magbulia, Wirveuli da qedmaRali bolSeviki, beslanis na-Tesavia, amitom beslani da misi ojaxi moTminebiT ixdidnen `naTesaobriv vals~, sifrTxilisaTvis – `ras ityvis xalxi~. romanSi es calke Temad SeiZleba gamoiyos. kritikis obieqtia yavlgasuli, zogjer simaxinjemde dasuli tradiciebi, wes-Cveulebebi, raSic ar SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT mwerals (es ara mxolod afxazuri tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebia, aramed, zogadad, mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT), radgan Cven bevri saerTo tradicia da wes-Cveuleba gvqonda da gvaqvs. beslani ar aris mkvidri soxumeli, axlo soflidanaa Casuli qalaqSi, kvleviTi institutis mecnier-TanamSromelia, fizikosi (umaR-lesi ganaTleba TbilisSi miuRia, mis Tbilisur diplomSi erTi samianic ar ewera, `garda amisa, brZaneba Cemi daniSvnis Sesaxeb ukve xelmowerili iyo reqtoris – saintereso moxu-cis, inteleqtualis mier~, – wers avtori), iqneb es `arasoxu-meloba~ (araZirZveloba) uwyobs mas xels, rom iyos ufro miukerZoebeli, piruTvneli da, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, gada-metebulma siyvarulma ar daabrmavos. da mainc, siyvaruli, Tanac didi, igrZnoba mwerlis mier qalaqis Sida Tu gare xe-debis, zRvis silurjisa da mTebis simwvaniT garemoculi sa-naxebis ferwerul pasaJebSi.

rogor xedavs (rogor darCa mexsierebaSi) mwerali omis-droindel soxums, mTel saomar teritorias da rogor afa-sebs im avantiuras, romelic afxazeTis omis saxeliT darCa qarTvelTa da afxazTa uaxles istoriaSi. es e.w. avantiura ar yofila calmxrivi. samegrelos omis gavliT, is afxazeTs moedo da iqac mzadyofnaSi daxvda naRmi... pativs vcem avto-ris frTxil damokidebulebas movlenebisadmi da Sevecde-biT, SeZlebisdagvarad, aseve movekidoT Zalze sensitiur faqtebs, romlebsac gvaTavazobs mwerali da komentari, xSir

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SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelzea mindobili. igi gansakuTrebulad arafers usvams xazs ise, rom aSkarad igrZno mxare, mowinaaR-mdege, mteri, igive afxazi, siZulviliT aRvsili... niSnismom-gebis pozaSi.

wignis pirveli Semfasebli rusuli kritika iyo da ar da-aviwydaT, eTqvaT, rom igi aSkarad gamoxatavda qarTvelebis siZulvils. ra Tqma unda, omSi mowinaaRmdege aravis uy-vars, magram odnav dakvirvebuli mkiTxvelisTvisac ki cxa-di iqneba, rom amgvari daskvnisTvis romanSi xelCasaWids da gansakuTrebuls ver naxavT. aris erTi CanarTi: beslani omamde soxumSi qiriT cxovrobda moxucebul wyvilTan: qmari – megreli, coli – afxazi, babca. omis dros beslanma Seiara col-qmarTan. rogorc mwerali aRniSnavs, mSobliur enaze laparaks monatrebuli `Wkuamokle, suleli bebruxana af-xazurad saubrisas yoveli sityvis Semdeg oxravda da xvne-Soda, Tan Seusveneblad wyevlida qarTvelebs~. albaT es iyo is, ramac rusul kritikas (kritikoss) misca sababi gane-zogadebina SeSinebuli moxucis wyevla. sagulisxmoa isic, rom maTi Svilebi sagangebod arian gadasuli saqarTveloSi. `afxazebis winaaRmdeg ar ibrZodneno, RmerTo, dagvifare aseTi codvisgan. isini saqarTveloSi imyofebian, raTa aq vin-meSi ar SeeSaloTo. isini maSinaTve dabrundebian, rogorc ki es gaugebroba damTavrdeba da cxovreba kvlav Zvel kalapots daubrundebao. diax, es maTTvis gaugebrobaa, ver aRiqvamen, rogorc oms. babca yveba imas, rogor gaCxrikes gvardieleb-ma da pasuxs Txovdnen maT, afxazs saxli ratom miaqiraveTo. mezobels daubezRebia. arc erTi ar aris simarTles mokle-buli. samwuxarod, es ase iyo. berikaci yalb cremlebs Rvri-da, sulac ar iyo mgrZnobiare, magram viTareba aiZulebda, ase moqceuliyoo. ra viTareba mainc? – is, rom moxuci qarTve-lia (tomiT megreli) da, vaiTu, afxazma beslanma, miuxedavad axloblobisa, ar uTanagrZnos maT. col-qmars dacva sWir-deba, morodiorebisgan dacva. moxucebma beslans mezoblis saxli SesTavazes. imis patroni omobda da awi, rogorc saku-Tar yurs, ise ver naxavs afxazebso. Cans, is mezobeli qarTve-lia. beslani ar gadadis im saxlSi. naTesavTan, zemoxsenebul

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magbuliasTan gadabargdeba. amaSic gamoixata personaJis, avtoris damokidebuleba im faqtebisadmi, romelic, misi az-riT, iyo `ukidegano sircxvili~, `masiuri sigiJe~. ukidegano sircxvilad oms miiCnevs, masiur sigiJed – morodiorobas, romelsac xels arc erTi mxare ar aklebda: `ukacrieloba, nangrevebi, Zarcva, – soxumi morodiorebma datbores, magram ukve sakuTarma morodiorebma. isini qalaqSi mowinave raz-mebs Semohyvnen da maSinaTve daiwyes Zarcva-yaCaRoba, TiT-qos mtris qalaqSi Sesuliyvnen. zogierTi maTgani dafoT-lil samxedro formas afarebda Tavs, avtomatmomarjvebul umravlesobas ki samoqalaqo tansacmeli ecva. zogi fexiT, zogic mofaxfaxe, Zveli manqaniT dawrialebda quCebSi da nadavlis moxelTebas iolad cdilobda: epatroneboda bi-nebs, eZebda Zvirfaseulobas, garaJebSi Caketil manqanebs... is morodiorebi da banditebi ki, romlebic Tavs amayad saqar-Tvelos saxelmwifo jaris mebrZolebs uwodebdnen, ZiriTa-dad afxazebs Zarcvavdnen da klavdnen. aseve ar indobdnen afxazebis TanamgrZnobebs. axla ki, omis damTavrebis Semdeg, sxva, CrdiloeTis talRam gadauara qalaqs, axla qarTvelebs daerivnen, maT saxlebs, maT binebs, magram morodiorTa gau-maZRroba marTlac – usazRvro, xolo kuWi – uZiro aRmoCnda da isini ganurCevlad yvelas Zarcvavdnen.

kidev ufro Semzaravia mkiTxvelisTvis da avtorisTvis is, rom yovelive aRwerilis Semdeg scenaze namusrevis maZi-ebeli, mSvidobiani mosaxleoba daemata, `amazrzeni sixarbis sigiJem, Zarcva-glejis avadmyofobam, bevri Seipyro. sax-lSi ezidebodnen – magidebs, skamebs, magidis naTurebs, sab-nebs, zewrebs... quCebSi `trofeebiT~ datvirTuli drogebi da sazidrebi daxriginebdnen. viRac `monapovars~ gzadagza izomebda~.

kidev erTi mware sinamdvile: `WiSkrebsa da karebze ewe-ra gamarjvebuli da amayi – `dakavebulia~ (da dakavebulia dRemde saxlebi im qarTvelebisa, romlebic dRes qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arian gafantulebi, bevri maTgani je-rac ubinaoa da imediT gahyurebs momavals afxazeTisaken...). amas ukve avtori yveba, amJamad is beslanis, rogorc mTxro-

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belis rols ver iTavsebs, radgan swored beslanze unda Tqvas: `beslani saxlidan ar gamodioda, raTa ar enaxa es ukidegano sircxvili~.

avtori – mTxrobeli cdilobs, Seqmnas cnobierebis aq-tivobis mxatvrulad ganzogadebuli suraTebi, qaoturad mimoqceul awmyos, warsulsa da momavals Soris. aseT dros misi saTqmeli, misi Sinagani monologebi gadmocemulia cno-bierebis nakadis saxiT. narativis emociuroba, mZime STabeW-dilebis aramwyobri (mainc logikas sakmaod daqvemdebare-buli) gadasvlebi faqtebidan faqtebze, zogan – Txrobis dinamika gamoxatulia moSlili punqtuaciiT. es mizanmi-marTuli cda met eqspresiulobas sZens mwerlis saTqmels.

moulodnelad SemoWrili fiqrebiT mwerali persona-Jis gancdebsac warmoaCens da sagulisxmo kiTxvis niSnebsac gaaxmianebs (SigniT, gulis siRrmeSi). msgavsi nakveTi mrava-lia mTel teqstSi, Tundac aseTi: moqanculi, gaurkvevel mdgomareobaSi myofi, SemTxvevas mindobili beslani (es Cveva omidan SemomrCao), yavaxanisken midis, sadac `Zveli, salaybo Temebi daxvdeba: ra gadawyvetilebas miiReben qarTvelebi? rogor moiqcevian rusebi? nuTu sandoni arian rusebi da kvlav ar gagvyidian~ da sxv. msgavsi kiTxvebi hqonda adgur a-sac: `rac garSemo xdeba, viRacis mieraa gamogonili, ararealu-ria; rom Cven yvelani viRacis masiuri STagonebis msxverplni varT; rom viRacis nebam Tavisi, CvenTvis jer ucnobi mizne-bis misaRwevad dagvimorCila... tanksawinaaRmdego Txrilebsa da sangrebSi vyrivarT da xelSi iseTi xelsawyoebi gviWiravs, romliTac SegviZlia, cocxali sxeuli ise davazianoT, rom moisxipeba misi sicocxle. mdinaris meore mxares, zustad CvensaviT Seiyarnen isini, romelTac ganzraxuli aqvT yinu-liviT civi gaxadon Cveni sxeulebi... vis raSi sWirdeba is, rasac Cven aq mondomebiT vakeTebT~...

adgur a. dRiurSi Cawers, rom am omSi mokvdeba da tyvia aucileblad TavSi moxvdeba. amiT is sikvdils eTamaSeba TiTqos. Tavs ajerebs, rom ar eSinia sikvdilisa. is erTad-erTi atarebs CaCqans, rkinis Tavisqalas, simbolurad im tvirTs, im simZimes, romelic omma arguna. is daiRala yve-

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lafriT, moulodnelad CaCqani moiZro, SiSveli TaviT im dros datrialda brZolis velze, roca snaiperis tyvias ukve mizanSi hyavda amoRebuli. es iyo protesti Wabukisa, rome-lic gumisTisken, iaraRiT xelSi, uceb ar gaqceula. avto-matmomarjvebuli gudauTis quCebSi gamojgimuli dadioda, iq jer ar iyo saomari situacia. misi arxeinobis mizezic es iyo. saomrad wasvla maSin gadawyvita, roca viRac ZaZebiani qalis sityvebma civi wyali gadaasxa: `omSi wadi, usaqmod ras daxetialobo~... meore dRes wina xazze aRmoCnda. amiT mwe-rali xazs usvams imas, rom am omSi yvela didi xalisiT ar wasula. arc adgur a., arc beslani, albaT, bevri sxvac. aseTia avtoris mier danaxuli realoba.

bolo Tavi `xabijis dacva~ kidev erTxel gaimeorebs im protests, romelic miniSnebuli iyo wina TavebSi. ukvdavi xalxuri gamoTqma moyavs avtors: `ori jari samkvdro-sasi-cocxlod ebrZoda erTmaneTs, xabiji fiqrobda – xom ar wa-vide, xom ar gavxedo im gadareulebs, ratom ar indoben erT-maneTso; Zveli Tqmuleba xabijze imas ambobs Turme, rom mas brZolis gmiruli xmebi ki ar Caesmoda, aramed miwis norCi xma, rogorc madlian guTnisdedas. es aris am romanis mTavari saTqmeli. brZolis, uazro brZolis xmebma daRala adgur a. gaaRviZa masSi saSineli protestis grZnoba. mzad daxvda sna-iperis tyvias, CaCqanmoxdili, cisken aRerili TaviT.

ainStaini erT Tavis werilSi ixsenebs didi fizikos-maTematikosis lorencis gamonaTqvams, romelsac didi STa-beWdileba mouxdenia masze da samudamod daxsomebia:

`kacs, romelic pirveli msoflio omis dros masTan sa-ubarSi cdilobda, daerwmunebina lorenci, rom mxolod si-sastikesa da Zaladobas SeuZlia gadawyvitos bedi, man upa-suxa: SesaZloa Tqven marTalic iyoT, magram aseT msoflioSi me ar vindomebdi cxovrebas~... amgvari sibrZnis marcvali iyo uTuod adgur a-s protestis aRmZvreli. yvela SemTxveva-Si – ase moCans mwerlis Canafiqri.

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k u l t u r a

amiran arabuli

`samzeos gamovesalme~

(yofna-aryofna.

saflavis qva da mwuxarebis sagaloblebi)

Zveli qarTuli saflavis qva da masze amokveTili lapi-daruli warwera, aseve, bareliefi Tu horeliefi, winapar-Ta ZvelTuZvelesi kultis sagnobriobamde TvalsaCino gamoxatulebaa.

`mwuxare dedis cremlebiT~ pirdabanili samaris saxi-eri samkaulia qvis Zegli, Semkuli da mokazmuli sityvamom-Wirne epitafiiT da gardacvlilis gamosaxulebiT anda misi amqveyniuri saqmianobis amsaxveli yofiTi realiebiT...

mistikur idumalebas naziarebi mediumis ena-piriT sa-iqiodan samzeoze myof axloblebTan `molaparake~ gansvene-bulis umTavres survilTa Soris, romelTa asruleba misi mSvidi da uSfoTveli imqveyniuri `cxovrebis~ winapirobaa, xSirad ixsenieba qva, dakrZalvis Semdgom gulze rom unda daadon da amiT saboloo lazaTi daadevnon Wirisuflebma. qvis lamazad gaTla, damuSaveba, moCuqurTmeba da saflavis zedapirze ganTavseba mravalmxriv sagulisxmo qarTul sam-gloviaro wes-CveulebaTa ganuyofeli atributia.

xelmarjved CamonakvTuli, Tav-bolo gamoyvanili, dax-vewili da nairgvari ornamentebiT morTuli qvis umTavresi daniSnuleba micvalebulis gandidebasa da `gaukvdavebaSi~ mdgomareobs, xolo qvis gareSe darCenili `moSaveTe~, sxvag-varad – saiqios samudamo binadari, iseve, rogorc uSvil-Zirod gadagebuli `codvila-upatrono~, male daviwyebis-Tvis aris ganwiruli…...

samaris qvis SerCevisas upiratesoba eniWeboda mis `jiSs~. is, erTsa da imave dros, gamZle da yinvamedegic unda yofi-

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liyo, damyolic da mzeris mimzidvelic. mis zedapirsa Tu gverdebze naturalisturi maneriT `gamoxatuli~ sagani Tu saomari iaraRi moxdenilad unda gamoCeniliyo.

gulze Sav janRad dawolili dardisa da varamis mosa-Soreblad `Wirispatroni~ mTeli rigi ritualebisa Tu wes-Cveulebebis SesrulebiT cdilobda (da cdilobs dResac) saaqaos da saiqios Sua arsebuli manZilis maqsimalurad Sem-cirebas, Semoklebas da iqmnida iluzias, TiTqos samzeos sazRvrebidan gasulni isev aq, CvenTan arian; maT mxolod iersaxe icvales, gardaicvalnen da axal, manamde ganucdel, mouxilvel, ukeTes sivrciT ganzomilebaSi gadavidnen..

ZaZiT Semosil Wirisufals swamda da sjeroda, rom mou-xelTebeli sikvdili uZluri da ususuria xsovnis winaSe; mas ar ZaluZs damwuxrebuli gulis idumali sanaxebidan Zvir-fasi saxisa Tu saxelis amoSla da gacamtvereba….. da es rom ar momxdariyo, micvalebulis vizualur saxes mudmivad rom earseba mcnobTa TvalsawierSi, maT mxedvelobiT xsovnaSi, saflavis qvaTa xatwerilebi keTdeboda. qvaSi `amoRaruli~ gamosaxuleba, gamZle masalis wyalobiT, sul cota – ori-sa-mi aswleuliT gaukvdavebis garantias mainc iZleoda da am SesaZleblobis gamouyenebloba marTalTa sulebis mimarT Cadenil nebiT Tu uneblie codvad aRiqmeboda…..

mixeil javaxiSvili brZanebs: `Wirisufals wyurvili ax-rCobs, rogorme mkvdris xsovna mainc daiWiros, daibas, Ca-ibeWdos. mSieri darCeba, magram saflavis qvas iyidis. aRar Caicvams, oRond im saflavs yvavilebi Caacvas. ukanasknels gahyidis, oRond Zegli uyidos. iqauroba cremliT morwyos da Tavis TavTan erTad sxvebic aatiros…...~

Snoiani da Sinaarsiani sityvaa `Wirisufali~.masSi cxovrebiseul gansacdelTan mokvdavTa damoki-

debulebis xasiaTic cxadad cnaurdeba. cneba `Wirisufali~ imgvar mdgomareobaze miuTiTebs, roca, miuxedavad didi ubedurebisa, adamiani marto araa. mas Wiri, Wirsaxdeli ax-lavs Tan da, amdenad, `Raribad ar ixseneba~. igi Wiris ufalia (arCil mefe ase ityoda: `damtirebelTa vatireb Wirisa me ufali...~).

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Wirisuflis valia, Rirseulad zidos gardacvlilis xsovna, ar moaklos tabla da locva-kurTxeva arc sadag da arc sauflo dReebSi; xSir-xSirad moixsenios da Sendoba SeuTvalos gulsuwadinod ganSorebul ojaxis wevrsa Tu sisxlismier naTesavs...

Wirisufalma, Tuki saflavis qvis dakveTa da damzade-ba moagvara da piradi tkivilis materialuri gansxeulebiT daamSvena miwis momcro, oriod nabiji sididis monakveTi, SeuZlia valmoxdilad CaTvalos da daimSvidos Tavi...

xolo mosawoni, yvelasTvis yovelmxriv misaRebi, es-Tetikuri TvalsazrisiT faseuli saflavis qva iolad ar iqm-neba. xelovnebis nimuSis rangSi `gansaxilveli~ qvis ametyve-leba gamocdili da gemovnebiani qviTxuros prerogativaa.

* * *istorikosma SoTa mesxiam Zveli saqarTvelos sinamdvi-

leSi gamoacalkeva profesia, qvaze weris xelovnebaSi saTa-nado gawrTvnas, gawafvasa da daostatebas rom gulisxmobs. pirebs, romelnic xelosnobis xsenebul sferoSi sagangebo codnasa da praqtikas iyvnen dauflebulni, `wamwerelni~ ewodebodaT. maTi xelrTvis STambeWdavi nimuSebi Cven drom-dea Semonaxuli. gansakuTrebiT bevria da TvalSisacemi e.w. `daqselvis~ ulamazesi wesiT amotvifruli epitafiebi XVI-XVII ss. qvebze.

qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis moraliT da esqatolo-giuri mrwamsiT gajerebul epitafiaTa Sinaarsi da mxatvru-li done, rogorc qarTuli memorialuri kelturis cnobili mkvlevari eldar nadiraZe aRniSnavs, `nasazrdoebia im kul-turuli memkvidreobiT, romelsac ayalibebs saero da sasu-liero literatura, xalxuri sityviereba...~

efrem mciris sanimuSod sada da Zalze lakoniuri gan-martebiT, epitafia `sasaflaozed warwerili sityvania~.

epitafia (berZn. epitafhios – saflavi) Zvel saberZneTSi Tavdapirvelad saflavze warmoTqmul mwuxarebis sityvas aRniSnavda, xolo Semdgom am sityvam saflavis lodze Ses-rulebuli mokle warweris mniSvneloba SeiZina... da ase,

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TandaTanobiT gaCnda da gafarTovda utyvi qvis urC zeda-pirze godebis gamxmovanebel sityvaTa amokveTis sayovel-Tao praqtika...

saqarTvelos teritoriaze napovni Tu aRmoCenili epig-rafikuli Zeglebisa da stelebis wyeba mowmobs, rom qar-Tuli epitafiuri Semoqmedeba, sul cota, TxuTmeti sauku-nis miRma iRebs saTaves.

`vin icis, ra xnidan momdinareoben is meamiti striqone-bi, romelTac Cveni soflis saflavis qvebze vkiTxulobT?~ – svams savsebiT logikur kiTxvas vaxtang kotetiSvili. da, marTlac, Znelia Tqma, sad da rodis gaCnda da Camoimarcvla pirveli qarTuli epitafia; visi (didgvarovnisa Tu mdabios) samaris qvaze amokawres Tu amokveTes zariani sityvebis Sem-cveli winapirveli samgloviaro leqsi!..

xalxis mexsiereba samagaliTo sicxadiT icavs da inaxavs nacionaluri zepirsityvierebis rCeul, umjobes, aRmate-bul nimuSebs, rasac ver vityviT epitafiis Sesaxeb. xnovani xalxuri leqsis am TavisTavad, specifikur nairsaxeobas gavrcelebis zepiri gza TiTqmis ar hqonia, ris gamo (albaT) Zalze mravali epitafia saukunod aris gamqrali da gadavi-wyebuli. xanmoTeul saflavis qvebs xavsi, suro da miwa fa-ravs. dro gadis da sul ufro da ufro Zneldeba maTze data-nili momcro leqsebis amokiTxva da gadmowera. mitovebul, upatronod darCenil, samnebmoSlil samarovnebTan erTad mkvrivi nisliT ibureba ucnob, usaxelo meleqseTa naivuri Semoqmedeba...

zepiri gziT epitafiis gauvrceleblobis mizezi mis ka-merul xasiaTSicaa saZebari. konkretuli pirovnebis sa-maris lodze warwerili leqsi, mxatvrul saxeTa uaRresi zogadobisa da stereotipulobis gamo, mimoqcevis vrcel as-parezze ver xvdeba, Seqmnis adgilzeve rCeba da misi adresa-tis xsovnis kvaldakval mkrTaldeba, kargavs `aqtualobas~, sicocxlisunarianobas da efareba Tvals... epitafias aqvs sruliad garkveuli, mizanmimarTuli Sinaarsobrivi dat-virTva da erTob upretenzio, `pragmatuli~ daniSnuleba: Zalze mokled, SekumSulad, arsebiTi Strixebis aqcentire-

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biTa da xazgasmiT gvamcnos gardacvlilis amsofliuri Rvawli, damsaxureba da mizezi misi drouli Tu naadrevi aRsasrulisa...

epitafiis tradiciuli nimuSebisTvis niSandoblivia siuJeturi gaSla-ganviTarebis, saTqmelis vrclad gadmo-cemisa Tu momxdari ambis detalizaciis mxriv maqsimaluri `TavSekaveba~. epitafia, amasTan, `koleqtiuri~ azrovne-bis reliefuri gamovlinebaa, ufro sworad, misi azrobrivi ganzomileba Tu saxeobrivi sistema xalxis wignierebis, in-teleqtualuri donisa da mxatvrul-esTetikuri gemovnebis Sesatyvisia.

individualuri xalxuri meleqse, gansxvavebiT profe-sionali, `wignieri~ poetisagan, mTeli Tavisi arsebiT aris dakavSirebuli da `mibmuli~ masasTan, misi cxovrebis wesTan, yoveldRiurobasTan, msoflxedvasa da sulier wyobasTan. igi, ase vTqvaT, nebayoflobiTi `mZevalia~ im socialuri fe-nis gemovnebisa, romelsac ekuTvnis. misi mowodeba da mova-leobaa, tradicia imegzuros, iwinamZRvros, winamorbedTa zepiri Semoqmedebis Tematur da ideur arealSi itrialos, maTTvis misaReb sityvier samoselSi moaqcios saTqmeli, kar-gad nacnob, nacad, aprobirebul gzaze gamoscados Tavisi poeturi SesaZlebloba, niWi da potenciali.

poeturi folkloris kanonikuri struqturis ugulve-belyofa, stabiluri tropuli sistemis daSla, darRveva da ignorireba WeSmaritad `Sum~ xalxur meleqses ar SeuZlia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi Semoqmedeba aRar iqneba fol-kloruli, am terminis swori, marTebuli, adekvaturi gage-biT. gezi, romelic mas aqvs aRebuli, aswleulebis wiaRSi hpovebs dasabams. tradiciuli Tu trafaretuli poeturi formulebiT apelireba da Sablonuri frazeologiis erT-guleba meleqsisaTvis imgvarive imanenturi maxasiaTeb-lebia, rogoric profesionali kalmosnisTvis – siaxlis mudmivi. mouwyinari wyurvili, novatorobis Singani moTxov-nileba, gansaxovnebis axal-axali mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba da TavisTavadobisken ganiadagebuli swrafva.

imisda miuxedavad, rom folklorizmisTvis savaldebu-lo yvela umTavres moTxovnas (koleqtiuroba, Seqmna-gav-

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rcelebis zepiri gza da a.S.) ver pasuxobs, mainc SeiZleba iTqvas: Zveli qarTuli saflavis qvebis sityvieri samkaulis anu epitafiebis didze-didi nawili folklorulia imdenad, ramdenadac masSi mkafiod Cans da ikiTxeba yofna-aryofnis `primatiuli~ filosofia da xalxuri koncefcia, sikvdili-sadmi is uSualo, bunebrivi damokidebuleba, rac poeturi folklorisaTvis aris Tanamdevi da niSandoblivi...

epitafias, mwuxarebiT gaWeqil da gajerebul `sityvans~, araa aucilebeli, maincdamainc aRmavali ritmi da leqsis grafikuli saxe hqondes. pirvel pirSi `warmoTxrobili~ uaRresad mwiri da lakoniuri ambavi, romelic gardacvli-lis oriod biografiul monacems gvawvdis da zogjer misi sikvdilis mizezsac miuTiTebs, epitafiaa. im garemoebas, tkivili leqsad gaformdeba Tu prozad, rogorc Cans, ar unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. mTavaria, warweram mxilvelis yuradReba daimsaxuros da Sendoba aRirsos `ama lodsa qveSe~ mdebare adamians

epitafiuri leqsis lirikuli gmiri Tavis daTalxul, uiRblo, usixarulo cxovrebaze moTqvams, mis `meditaciaSi~ xazgasmulia sawuTros simokle, simkacre da daundobloba; ismis gulsaklavi Civili kacTa sicocxlis ucnaurobasa da Seucnoblobaze. Zireuli motivebi da ganStoebani qarTuli epitafiuri Semoqmedebisa mdgradia da ucvleli: usazRvro samduravi uxano soflisa, gmoba gulqva da Seubralebeli sikvdilisa, wuxili unugeSod mitovebuli ojaxis wevrebis gamo, SiSnarevi gancda civ miwaSi `STaxdomisa~ da iq samuda-mod darCenisa, dabinavebisa...

tradiciuli epitafiis TviTeuli sityva Tu taepi abso-luturad dokumenturia da momxdari ambis obieqtur dasu-raTxatebas warmoadgens...

samaris qvaze amokveTili epitafia, adamianis figura da misi Sromisa Tu saomari iaraRebis gamosaxulebani erTurTs avseben, amdidreben, esatyvisebian da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sav-sebiT sando informacia miaqvT mxilvelamde gansvenebulis vinaobaze, sadaurobaze; im xelobasa Tu profesiaze, rasac is flobda, misdevda da emsaxureboda.

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qvaTa mxatvruli morTulobis yoveli did-patara deta-li Tu elementi (borjRali, saxlis TaRi da svetebi, jvari, doqi, guTani, uremi, cxvari, cxeni, Tevzi, yurZnis mtevani) saqarTvelos ama Tu im kuTxis mkvidrTa mravalsaukunovan sameurneo praqtikas, saqmianobis sferos, yofiT Tavisebu-rebebs, arqaul rwmena-warmodgenebsa da kosmogoniur Sexe-dulebebs asaxavs da ukavSirdeba.

epitafia, garda imisa, rom gaaCnia TviTkmari mxatvrul-esTetikuri Rirebuleba, utyuari da umniSvnelovanesi sais-torio wyaroa, romlis wyalobiT advilad SeiZleba dadgena, aswleulebis winaT vis ekuTvnoda sadReisod sadavo teri-toriebi Tu sasazRvro zonebi Cveni qveynis e.w. `cxel wer-tilebSi~. sarwmunoa da didad faseuli qvaTa RaRadi. SeuZ-lebelia misi gabaTileba gamogonili argumentebiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT qarTuli simbolikis kvalificiuri mkvlevari ir. surgulaZe wers: `...swored saflavis Zeglebia TavianTi adgil-samyofelis, e.i. saqarTvelos istoriuli terito-riis saukeTeso damcvelebi. maTTvis ucxoa uprincipoba da kompromisi, romelic Cven, – dRevandel cocxlebs, – gvaxa-siaTebs. ucxoebi maT anadgureben, radgan maTSi grZnoben Seurigebel mowinaaRmdeges, CvenTan ki, ama Tu im formiT garigebas axerxeben, magram maT ver gaurigdebi. amdenad, mama-papis saflavis qvebi karia saqarTvelosi~.

Sinaarsobrivi nairferovnebiT, mxatvruli eqspresiiT da, gnebavT, raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT, qarTul zepirsi-tyvierebaSi udavod gansakuTrebuli, gamorCeuli adgili aqvs mikuTvnebuli mosagonrebs, `mkvdris leqsebs~ anu, e. vir-salaZis mier gudamayarSi dafiqsirebuli termini rom mo-viSvelioT, `anderZT~.

yoveli kulturuli eris xalxur poeziaSi saucxoo si-zustiTaa ukufenili misi zepiri, dauwereli istoria; aR-nusxulia didi Tu mcire masStabisa da rezonansis lokaluri ambebi da movlenebi, romelTac meistorie, marTlismoubari JamTaaRmweri, garkveul mizezTa gamo, ver gadmoscemda, Tavis TvalsawierSi ver moaqcevda.

ar darCenila qarTvelTa cxovrebis arcerTi sfero Tu mxare, arc SfoTiani da arc mSvidobiani, meleqseTa maxvili

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mzera rom ar miwvdomoda; ar darCenila cotad Tu bevrad gaxmianebuli movlena, xalxis rigebidan gamosul `ubralo~ mgosanTa TvalTaxedvis areSi rom ar moxvedriliyo.…

mravalgvaria mizezi, impulsi, sarCuli Tu safuZveli, ris niadagzec aTeulobiT saCino, maRalmxatvruli mosago-nari leqsi iTqva da gavrcelda.

gansxvavebiT improvizirebuli natirlebisagan, mosago-nari leqsi mis adresatad sagulvebeli adamianis gardac-valebidan garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg iqmneba, rac `ex-mareba~ mis avtors (xSirad anonims, vinaobagauCinarebuls), auCqareblad, zedmeti emociuri gancdebisgan gantvirTul-ma `amoTqvas~ axloblis gardacvalebiT gamowveuli piradi dardi da wuxili.

yovel mosagonars, msgavsad natirlebisa, cxovrebise-uli sinamdvile aZlevs dasabams. am saxis leqsi pirwmindad dokumenturi xasiaTisaa. SesaZloa gardacvlilis daxasi-aTebaSi misi pozitiuri niSan-Tvisebebi utirebuladac iyos warmosaxuli, magram zedmiwevniT zusti da utyuaria amba-vi, romelic mosagonarTa siuJetur safanelsa da xerxemals Seadgens. `mkvdris leqsis~ uCinari, upretenzio avtori mar-Tlis Tqmis principis Tanmimdevruli damcveli da gamtare-belia. igi bejiTad misdevs sinamdviles da nakleb gasaqans aZlevs fantazias, Tumca mxatvruli warmosaxvis mxriv srul SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebas avlens da ar avalebs Tavis Tavs momxdari SemTxvevis meqanikuri, naturalisturi aslis Seq-mnas. mosagonarTa `maTqvamebad~ swored iseTi pirovnebani gvevlinebian (Tuki cnobilia maTi vinaoba), suliT xorcamde rom ganicdian mokeTe-megobarTa dakargvas da Zalas ar iSureben, raTa sakadrisad Seaqon, samagaliTod dasaxon da daaxasiaTon Rirseuli micvalebuli.…

mosagonrebSi qarTveli eris uZvelesis rwmena-warmod-genebis araerTi simptomuri waxnagia warmoCenili. cis mana-Tobel sxeulTa astraluri simbolika Tu xSuli sasufevlis qufri da naRvliani garemo mkafiod aris areklili `mkvdris leqsebSi~…. adamianis sazRvruli sicocxle ganuyofelia misi garemomcveli sinamdvilisgan; misi miwieri, amqveyniuri ar-

152

sebobis xangrZlivoba dasabamSivea gansazRvruli da gadawy-vetili uzenaes bWeTa anu `bedis mweralTa~ mier. da yovelive es, makro da mikrokosmosis ganuyofeli mTlianoba, movle-naTa urTierTkavSiri, erT umTavres, uZiriTades motivad ikveTeba mosagonarTa rkalis xalxur poeziaSi.

……cneba-termini `anderZni~ calsaxad mianiSnebs mosago-narTa erT `Tandayolil~ mxatvrul Taviseburebaze: am rigis leqsTa didi nawili marTlac anderZis, anda, SeiZleba asec iTqvas, danabarebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. mTqmel-infor-matorTa zepirpoetur repertuarSi gardacvlili qali Tu kaci Suamavlis unariT aRWurvili meleqsis ena-piriT uT-vlis da avalebs am qveynad darCenil sakuTar meuRles, oja-xis wevrebsa Tu tol-megobrebs, ra unda moimoqmedon, ro-gor unda moiqcnen, mis suls rom argon da aamon saiqioSi.

Sen ici, Cemo lamazo, imedi maqus Senia,

nu daauqmeb namgalsa, karga ixmare celia…... anda: Cem cols uTxari, dedao, sam wels iglovos qmaria...……ase rom, `anderZTa~ mixedviT, adamiani gardacvalebis

Semdgomac `ganagrZobs~ fiqrsa da zrunvas saaqao wes-rigze, mamapapeuli rjulisa da adaTis simtkiceze, cxovrebis li-bod dadebuli tradiciebis siwmindesa da xelSeuxeblobaze…...

zogierTi mosagonris dasasruli xalxuri epitafiis ti-piuri nimuSia. gardacvlilis monologs (`mkvdris leqsTa~ erTi yvelaze ufro specifikuri Tavisebureba!), piradi yo-fa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb laparaks, Tavisi sikvdilis dRis deta-lur aRweras da amis gamo mis axlobelTa mduRare gancdebis gadmocemas, rogorc daskvniTi, finaluri nawili, mohyveba xolme survili, risi Sesrulebac udrood miwas mibarebuli adamianis tol-sworebs evalebaT:

momigonidiT, sworebo, dro ro geqnebaT smisao,

miyvarda TqvenTan qeifi, tareba droebisao…...

araerTi Cinebuli mosagonaria Seqmnili mecxvareTa mo-ulodnel sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT. mecxvareebis cxovreba

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da muxlCauxreli garja xom moulodnel xifaTTan iyo (da aris) wilnayari. momTabare mwyemss ganuwyvetliv Tan axlda ucabedi sikvdilis landi. sulmokle qurdi, urjulo me-sisxle Tu bunebis araprognozirebadi stiqia Zilsa da mos-venebas ukargavda Tavdadebul `meSromes~ (es sityva figuri-rebs erT-erT epitafiaSi: `yanav, mogikvdi meSrome, guTano, Camogecale…~). col-Svils TveobiT moSorebuli mecxvare medgrad xvdeboda da uZRveboda yovelgvar gasaWirs. ToSsa Tu TavsxmaSi fxizlad darajobda zafxulobiT ialaRebis `gamTeTrebel~ ricxvmraval samwysos da, arcTu iSviaTad, sakuTari sicocxlis fasad ujdeboda momxvdurTan Sebma Tu xelSeuqcev stiqiasTan Widili…...

me Cem samwyemsos ver davTmob, sul Tvalwin melandebao, – ambobs saSaveTo gzaze Semdgari mecxvare, aTasfrad mor-Tuli samzeo rom ar eTmoba da imgvarad saxavs viTarebas, TiTqos mis neba-survilze iyos damokidebuli, SeZlebs Tu vera sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebas.

mosagonarTa Soris veluri landSaftis romantizirebu-li xatviT gamoirCevian poeturi nimuSebi, sajixveebSi maval da tragikulad daRupul monadireTa Tavgadasavals rom gvamcnoben. monadireTa mosagonrebis waruSleli niSani da arsebiTi maxasiaTebelia bunebis, saxeldobr, Tovl-yinu-liani sajixveebis, poetizirebuli xedva da maRal registrSi warmosaxva. samgloviaro ferisa Tu xmovanebis moWarbebuli nakadi odnavadac ver anelebs muxlmagari monadiris arenad warmodgenili klde-qarafebis miuwvdomeli mSvenierebis Za-lum gancdas.

fexwriapiani moyme miudgomeli simagreebisken geza-Rebul `berxeni~ jixvebis arves gahyveba da gaciskrebisas `rqajangianis~ sisxliT CamoawiTlebs TvirTvlian qviSas. `saRirali~ nanadirevi siamayiTa da kmayofilebiT avsebs `pirofliani~ monadiris guls. is, imavdroulad, `mudam dros saxeliania~, mters jiqur xvdeba da uSiSrad erkineba. da ra gasakviria, leqsis bolos mzedabindul vaJkacs am-gvarad mimarTos anonimma avtorma:

154

codvaa Seni sikvdili, vefxvo, Wrelperangiano,

sagigauros imedo, arwivo mxarkveriano…...

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi aseve xSiria qvasagoravisgan, zva-visgan Tu aboboqrebuli mdinarisgan adamianTa `dalevis~ ubeduri SemTxvevebi.

gansacvifrebeli siRrmisa da Zalmosilebis tropuli saxeebiT danaRmul xalxur poeziaSi msmenels nusxavs da ajadoebs saTqmelis araordinaruloba, azris gamaogneblad moulodneli mimoxra. erTi magaliTi: Surisgebis JiniT moculi da atanili deda, romelsac saamayo, saficari Svili waarTva mdinarem, mduRared moTqvams:

sxvas ki ras gamogajavreb, wyalo, ar Sagsom, tialo…...

SeiZleba danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rom vaJa-fSavelas ran-gis moazrovnec ar ityoda uars msgavsi poeturi striqonebis avtorobaze!…...

xalxuri meleqseebi gansakuTrebuli dananebiT igoneben da glovoben kai ymebs, maT, vinc uqmad ar Camolia (gavixse-noT vaJa: `uqmad CamahlevT sicocxles...~) RvTiT nargeni si-cocxlis dReni, iRvawa, iSroma, ioma da Seurcxveneli piriT SeaRo suleTis kari.

bralia mokvdes kargi yma, miwas maeqces Zirsao…...

kacTkiTxuli, sxvisTvisac sanatreli da gamosadegi pi-rovnebis sikvdili marto misi ojaxisa da sanaTesaos danak-lisi rodia. is mTel Temsa da sofels ukvdeba da ekargeba, rogorc saimedo mwyemsi da winamZRoli:

sikvdili kais kacisa niade sawyinaria,

gawira Temi, sofeli, rogorc uwyemso cxvaria.

xarbi da mSieri, Tvalmaxvili da umowyalo sikvdili sxvaze uwin kai ymas moZebnis da miuxteba xolme:

gaoxrebulo sikvdilo, Senc giWris oriv Tvalia,

yovelTvis imas ecdebi, kargs ymas guls dasce xmalia…...

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uaugo da biwmiukarebeli cxovrebis sanacvlod, rogorc wesi, suleTSiac gamorCeuli pativiscemiT xvdebian sasur-vel, saniazo stumars:

…...saTaves gadaaxdines, xelT misces kelaptaria,

winiTi sufra gaSlili, daudges oqros skamia...

mokvdavTa cxovrebaSi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs `bedis-wera~ (berZn. `moira~). Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom adamians umwerlod Tmis Reric ar Camovardeba, usazRvrod ganvr-cobili da gaRrmavebulia xalxur poeziaSi. rwmena bediswe-ris usasrulobisa da yovlisSemZleobisa sruli sisavsiTaa gamJRavnebuli mosagonarTa ciklis leqsebSi. `mweralTa wignSi~ gamotanili ganaCenis Secvla da gauqmeba SeuZlebe-lia. sasikvdilod ganwiruls, roca `dRe-wera~ daudgeba, mkurnalni Tu qadag-mkiTxavni veRarafers Svelian. am dros fuWi da usagnoa sxvadasxva mizezis Zebna da Zieba:

mizezs rad eZebT sxvadasxvas, dRe-wera iyo imisa…...

bedisweris `prerogativaa~, erTiaTad gaamravlebs da gaaZlierebs gvarsa da ojaxs Tu wilbolosa da saxsenebels daulevs wuTisofelSi:

mas vervin gadaurCeba, rac mwerals dauweria...

bedisweris dogmatis gaCena uSoreules warsulSi, po-liTeistur epoqaSia sagulvebeli. es mwvave, `wyevla-krul-viani~ sakiTxi arsebobis dRidan awuxebs da aforiaqebs ka-cobriobas. logikis enaze dilemis mecnieruli axsna ver xerxdeba. inteleqtualTa yoveli cda uqmi da uSedegoa. ami-tomac Cans upriani da principulad swori am sakiTxis rwme-nis sferoSi gadatana. cnobilia, rom marTlmadidebel ek-lesias bediswerisa ar swams. misi moZRvrebiT, bediswera sxva araferia, Tu ara neba RvTisa. gansacdeli, romelic SeiZle-ba Tavs daatydes adamians, RvTis nebis gacxadebaa. Tu RmerTs ar surs, adamiani verc gansacdels airidebs da verc sanukvar mizans miaRwevs. qristianulad mcxovrebTa mimarT bediswe-

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ra sasikeTod `muSaobs~. morwmune, RvTis mcnebaTa mimdevari iSvebs da ixarebs, xolo urC, uRmerTo, urwmuno kacs tanjva da wameba ar ascdeba.

ukiduresi SeWirvebisa da simZimilis wuTebSi, roca saS-veli ar Cans da sakuTari Zal-Ronis amara yofna amaoa, yma, uwinares yovlisa, Tavis mfarvel RvTisSvils, Tavis saTemo Tu sagvareulo salocavs mouxmobs xolme:

miSvele, dido pirimzev, Sen damaxmare Zalia...

lokaluri RvTaeba arasdrosaa gulgrili Tavisi saymos rigiTi wevris bed-iRblisadmi.

leqsSi `sikvdili axal-uxlebisa~, romelic usaSvelo epidemiisgan xevsuri Wabukebisa da axalgazrdebis gawyvetas unda asaxavdes, ucnobi avtori gudanis jvarze, `samogan-Zuros~ sami didi gvaris (arabulebis, gogoWurebisa da Win-Waraulebis) saerTo salocavze, amyarebs jer kidev cocxal axaluxalTa gadarCenis imeds:

sidide, gudanis jvaro, malocvili gaqvs xTiTao,

CamoeSveleR saymosa, Torem Zalian Wirsao…...

rusT xelmwifis molaSqre, yarsis qalaqs TaTrebTan me-omari fSaveli biWuri umowyalo xocva-Jletis amazrzen su-raTs xedavs da Tavis RvTisSvilebs – laSaris jvarsa da iax-sars – `exveweba~ moxedvas, Tanadgomas, Tanac

samxTosac didsa uqadebs xarisasa da cxvrisasa...

kontaminirebul leqsSi `mefis erekles xmali~ qveynis Tavs movlenili ubedurebis mizezad dasaxelebulia wminda RvTisSvilisadmi rwmenis Sesusteba qarTvelTa Soris:

RmerTs nu vin daemdurebiT, icodeT, Cveni bralia,

winandeburad ara gvwams wminda RvTismSoblis jvaria...

amave nawarmoebSi molaSqreTa winamZRolis rangSi mov-lenili ufali urwmunoebs ucxadebs:

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urwmuno, uwamebelo, Sen ki Cem ara xaria...

xolo Tavis erTgulT amgvarad amxnevebs da anugeSebs:

ara giSavisT, marTlebo, TqvenTvis avdaric daria.

mosagonari leqsi, imisda mixedviT, saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSia Seqmnili, ucTomlad aRibeWdavs adgilobrivTa adaTobriv normebs, qcevas, moqmedebas, wesebs, eTnografi-ul Taviseburebebs. amier saqarTvelos mTianeTis xalxur poeziaSi glovis ritualis zogaderovnul niSnad unda Ca-iTvalos erTgvari `samaxsovro~, saxelmZRvanelo formula, Camoqnili Semdeg naTqvamSi:

tirili qalis wesia, gaZleba – vaJkacisao...

Zvel droSi Svilmkvdari deda niSnad umwvervalesi mwu-xarebisa mzes emaleboda da sabneloSi (`sabnelo – glovis karavi~. sulxan-saba) jdeboda:

dedas ra uyoT, revazo, imed aRar aqv sxvisao,

Cajdeba sabneleToSi, gareT ar gamodisao…...

gaugonar, samarcxvino, Tavs lafisdamsxmel saqmed iT-vleboda mamris mier mandilosanze xelis da, miTumetes, xmlis aRmarTva:

qisto, kacoba Segircxves, qalTan ixmare xmalia! ...

glova-mwuxarebiT naqsovi garemos simZafrisa da mas-Staburobis saCveneblad meleqse intensiurad mimarTavs bunebis personifikacias, kacTa cxovrebisgan damoukide-beli sagnobrivi samyaros gansulierebisa da ametyvelebis mxatvrul xerxs. am mxriv misi warmosaxva ufskero da una-piroa. cisa Tu myaris naRvliani ieri adamianis dardsa da daRmaval sulier mdgomareobas eTanadeba, ueno da usmeno, usulo da ugrZnobi sagnebi Tu bunebis movlenebi guliT iziareben soflis mkvidrTa ukeTur beds, viTarebisda Sesa-tyvisad icvlian saxes da xasiaTs.. roca kai yma tovebs iolad

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verdasaTmob samzeos da mousavleTSi miemgzavreba, mRvrie RrubliT damZimebuli zeca saquxrad emzadeba, miwas crem-lTan asocirebuli nami anda TvirTvili edeba, mTaze mona-varde niavi samZimars ambobs. uJamod Wkneba ia da vardi; mdin-are qviTiniT midis damiborgavs, xolo Wiuxebi yinCad tirian; arc cis mnaTobebs adgaT kargi dRe: soflis simSvidis saran-gad mdgari vaJkacis sikvdilis dRes `mze wiTlad amoxdeba~, ukuRma dabrundeba, Sua caze dadgeba anda amosvlas daagvi-anebs; fermixdil mTvares piri mostydeba,xolo Tavgamete-biT moJikJike varskvlavebi adgils icvlian, `CamoixoSebian~ (e.i. Camocvivian) da sabraloblad SeTxeldebian...

vinaidan leqsi, rogorc sulis mofonebis efeqturi sa-Sualeba, xandaxan `tirilis magieria~, nacnob Tu sulac uax-loes adamianze mosagonris amoTqmiT avtori pirad tkivil-sac Svelis da arbilebs. upirveles WirisufalTa mwuxarebiT STagonebuli meleqse gvevlineba lirikul gmirad, visac su-bieqturi gancdebic sakmaod Seaqvs Tavis qmnilebaSi:

amagis maleqsebeli mec wilis patron varia,

wyalm damilivna Zma – zalni, qisteTiT vzide mkvdaria...

samgloviaro wes-CveulebaTa msvlelobis procesSi war-moTqmuli mwuxare leqsebi, romelTa avtorebi, metwilad, `ubiri~ da uswavleli, wera-kiTxvis ar anda mciredmcodne `glovis mgosannia~, cremlovani ceremoniis Tanamonawileebs adamianuri gancdebis siRrmiT, mxatvruli qsovilis fera-dovnebiT (musikaTmcodne Salva aslaniSvili SemTxveviT ro-di Tvlida xmiT natirlebs xalxuri Semoqmedebis yvelaze xatovan nimuSebad!), harmoniuli ritmul-intonaciuri wyo-biT da, saerTod, im mouxelTebeli xibliT ancvifreben, si-tyvieri xelovnebis uberebel Zeglebs rom axasiaTebT.

`wami saukunod gayrisa~ (niko dadiani) profesional mo-tirlebSi (samegreloSi `maTvalarebs~ eZaxian) imgvar suli-er Zvras iwvevs, erTianad rom moicavs mTel maT arsebas, ris Sedegad, Tavis mxriv, uaRresad wrfeli da uSualo, yovel-gvari udReuri surogatisgan Tu mdare versifikaciuli ma-nipulaciebisgan Tavisufali Tavankara poezia ibadeba.

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rafiel erisTavis leqsis `ucnauri meWianure~ sqolioSi vkiTxulobT: `warsul saukunes TelavSi yofila erTi moxu-cebuli meWianure. es Turme arasdros ar ereoda sazandreb-Si, Tavisianebis Wirsa da lxinSi ki miupatiJeblad mividoda, saglovels iglovda moTqmiT da Tan Wianuris dakvriT da salxens ilxenda da sxvebsac alxenda.

mefe erekle rom gardaicvala, mivida Turme es ucnauri meWianure, kubos Sori-axlo wamojda, daiwyo mwaris sityve-biT glova da zed Wianuri aayola xamuS-xamuS da iq myofni aatira. erTi Telaveli moqalaqe iyo, zaal WinWarauli, es SeniSvna imisi gadmonacemia.~

Telaveli meWianuris `mwaris sityvebiT~ godebis STam-beWdavi Sedegi – `iq myofni aatira~ – umdidresi qarTuli samgloviaro wes-Cveulebis umTavresi nawilis erTi kerZo, rigiTi, konkretuli gamoxatulebaa.

gardacvlilTaTvis pativis damdeb da damdevnebel mo-tiralTa gulis `gminSi~ xom iq myofTa saerTo sulieri ganc-disa da ganwyobilebis eqoc ismis. mas, visac TviTgamoxatvis Zala ar Seswevs, mgloviare gulze malamod edeba da efineba enovani damtireblis mier wamRerebasaviT warmoTqmuli teqstis TviTeuli muxli Tu taepi...

`glovis mgosanTa~ leqsad moTqma umZafresi sulieri tkivilis talRebSia gamovlili; xatovani azrovnebis Tan-dayolili unari Znelbedobis mware wuTebSi SemoqmedebiT impulsebs aRZravs da aRviZebs maTSi; cxovrebiseuli movle-na esTetikur faseulobad iqceva da Taobebze gadadis, ro-gorc yofna-aryofnis maradiuli problemis originaluri aRqma,…gansja da mxatvruli interpretacia.

ganasxvaveben datirebis ramdenime nairsaxeobas. esenia: `xmiT tirili~, `moTqma~, `ZaxiliT tirili~, `suliT tirili~, `sulTanoba~ da `Tvalva~ anu `daTvla~.

TviTeuli maTgani rigi niuansobrivi maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva.

saxeldobr: xmiT tirilSi erTi piris xmamaRali impro-vizacia igulisxmeba; `moTqma~: gardacvlilis dadebiTi Tvi-sebebis hiperbolizebuli CamonTvalia; `ZaxiliT tirils~

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ramdenime persona asrulebs – erTi iwyebs da sxvebi bans ayoleben; `suliT tirili~ motiralSi droebiT Casaxlebu-li micvalebulis sulis piradi satkivaris xmieri gacxade-baa; `sulTanoba~ qadagobis elementebis Semcvelia anu iseTi movlena, roca mesulTane gardacvlilis saTqmel-sawuxars qadagobis saxiT gadmoscems; `Tvalva~ anu `daTvla~ ucrem-lo datirebaa, romelsac ara xmiTmotirali qalebi, aramed iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, mamakacebi asruleben. `Tvalva~ mokle-bulia improvizirebis poetur maneras da gansvenebulisadmi sadagi samgloviaro sityvebiT mimarTvas warmoadgens...

glovis procesSi zepirad warmoTqmuli poeturi teqste-bisagan gankerZoebiT dganan `zari~, `zruni~ da `dalai~ – sva-neTSi, raWaSi da TuSeTSi gavrcelebuli gunduri samglo-viaro simRerebi, romelTagan `zarsa~ da `dalais~ mamakacebi asruleben. `zrunis~ TqmaSi upiratesoba qalebs eniWebodaT. `zruns~ mamakaci maSin `daiZaxebda~, roca Zalze gulmtkiva-ni iyo axlobeli adamianis gardacvalebiT…...

dasaxelebulTagan eqvsi – xmiT tirili, `moTqma~, `Zaxi-liT tirili~, `suliT tirili~, `sulTanoba~ da `Tvalva~ anu `daTvla~ – xmierebis maRali registriT xasiaTdeba da, ga-momdinare aqedan, ar unda iyos didi uzustoba, Tuki maT sa-erTo saxelwodebis – `xmiT natirlebi~ qveS gavaerTianebT.

motiralis, anu, SeiZleba asec iTqvas, xmiT natirlebis lirikuli personaJis upirvelesi maxasiaTebeli gaxlavT is, rom Tavis SemoqmedebiT niWsa da unars uSualod glovis procesSi aTvalsaCinoebs improvizirebuli poeturi teq-stis saxiT. mas ar `eSinia~ gamgonisa da mayureblis `kritiku-li~ Tvalisa; araa SeboWili windawin mofiqrebuli saTqmelis xiblian mxatvrul samoselSi moqcevis faruli ganzraxviT. mas emociuri garemo Zaldautaneblad alaparakebs gardac-vlilis pirovnul Rirsebebze, mis saqeb, sagmiro, sasaxelo namoqmedarze.

xmiT tirili yvelas ar SeuZlia. motirloba, msgavsad poetobisa, rCeulTa tkbil-mware xvedria. misi `naZaxinari~ aRbeWdilia bunebiTi niWierebisa da profesionalizmis aS-kara niSniT...

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garda imisa, rom Tavisi idumalebiT mogvTa da misanTa msgavsi xmiTmotirali misdauneburad sakuTar portrets `Zerwavs~ – qmnis individualur saxe-xasiaTs, dardis morev-Si molivlive sulis fizionomias, amave dros, xelSesaxebi sicxadiT gamokveTs `glovis mgosanTa~ krebiT xats:

ra kan ranim varT, motirleboo,

davsxdebiT, davimwuxavT TvalTao,

daviwyebT tanCi cxroobasao,

Wiris patrons eg ar mizdisao,

dReia, Rame Rgonavisao...

natirlis citirebul nawyvetSi naTlad ikiTxeba erT-gvari TviTironia da gulusruloba garemotiralTa mwu-xarebis dabali `xarisxiT~; ikiTxeba wrfeli wuxilic imis gamo, rom SeuZlebelia sxvaTa Wir-satkivaris maqsimalurad gaziareba da gaTaviseba. rac unda ecados, gardacvlilis Svils, mSobelsa Tu meuRles mainc veravin gauTanabrdeba dardsa da vaebaSi. Wirispatroni, visTvisac sikvdils dRe RamiT Seucvlia, erTaderTia, vinc mTeli Tavisi arsebiT grZnobs da xedavs xelis gawvdenaze gaCenil amouvsebel si-carieles, ganicdis tragedias, romelsac sulis da sxeulis nawilis dakargva hqvia.

xmiT tirili – improvizirebuli xasiaTis SemoqmedebiTi aqti – bunebrivad iTavsebs, itevs da gulisxmobs STagonebis moments. nebismieri rigiani, maRali rangis mxatvruli na-warmoebi xom Taviseburi eqstazis, araordinaruli sulieri ganwyobis Jams ibadeba. marTali poeziis uSreti saTave, upiratesad, adamianuri sevda da tkivilia; sulis amwewi da ganuqarvebeli naRvelia is sufTa safaneli, razedac fxiani franguliviT mWreli poeturi striqonebi iWedeba. rogorc ilia WavWavaZe ityoda, `adamians varami da Wiri alaparakebs. qveynad rom Wiri ar iyos, adamiani enasac ar amoidgamda~.

qveynad adamianis movlineba perspeqtivaSi kidev erTi sikvdilis gaCenasac gulisxmobs. `adamianis sikvdili iwyeba misi dabadebisTanave. ukeT, igi cocxlobs da kvdeba erTsa da imave dros~, – ambobs netari avgustine.

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sicocxlis ZarRvsa Tu napirs xarbad Cafrenil, CabRa-uWebul mokvdavs umZims im azrTan SeCveva da Segueba, rom odesme, adre Tu gvian, iseve, rogorc `dRe dauRameblad ar darCeba~, misi fizikuri arsebobac pirisagan miwisa unda aRigavos; umZims da aTasgvar gzas eZebs bediswerasTan Tu RvTismier ganaCenTan dasazaveblad.…

xmiT motirali gardacvlili pirovnebis pozitiuri Tvi-sebebis warmoCenas cdilobs da, garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa, Tvals aridebs misi ganvlili gzis knin, zadovan monakveTebs.

erT natiralSi naTqvamia, rom `kaci mamkvdari gakargdeba~.natirlis Sida Sres msWvalavs gulistkivili imis gamo,

rom sicocxleSi daufasebel, beCav, SeumCnevel kacs sikvdi-lis mere acmeven `sklatis~ Coxas. `mdabioTa erisagan~ (Teimuraz batoniSviliseuli daxasiaTeba rom moviSveli-oT) momTqmels arc am SemTxvevaSi Ralatobs obieqturoba: man icis yadri simarTlisa da ar surs, micvalebuls miaweros iseTi ram, rac misTvis Seuferebelia ...

xmiT natirlis avtors (lirikul gmirs), misive aRi-arebiT, ar SeuZlia Rirseuli vaJkacis sakadrisad datire-ba (giorgi mTawmindelis gardacvalebis gamo giorgi mcire brZanebda: `viTar vaiZulo enasa msaxurebad sityvisa, ro-meli-igi gansacdelisa amis mier, viTarca mZimiTa raÁTame sakrveliTa rkinisaÁTa Sekrul ars...…~).

moWarbebuli gancda, mwuxareba iqneba es Tu naucbaTevi sixaruli, adamians amunjebs da ukargavs Sesatyvis enobriv ganzomilebaSi Tavisi sulieri mdgomareobis gadatanis unars...

fragmenti xevsuruli datirebidan:

Zmao, karga ki gitirebdio,

cremlis lopo maqv daleulio...

`lopo~ hqvia xis qerqis Sida mxaris sisveles, romelic, Cveulebriv, gazafxulze Cndeba xolme (gavixsenoT: `xeSi wyali Cadgao...~). cxremlis Sedareba xis naJurTan TavisTa-vad metyveli mxatvruli saxea. da rac amjerad kidev ufro sagulisxmoa: natirali amomwurav informacias gvawvdis li-rikuli subieqtis sulier mdgomareobaze. das ar SeuZlia

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RviZli Zmis `kargad~ datireba, radgan cremli aqvs gamSrali, anu, sxvagvarad, cremlis `lopo aqvs daleuli~...

xevsureTSi augad, arsasaxelo saqcielad iTvleboda colisgan qmris datireba. Wirisufals TavSekaveba, cremlis malva, `WirTa Sigan~ gaZleba da gamagreba marTebda, magram amas yvela rodi axerxebda. iSviaTad, magram xandaxan mainc irRveoda dauwereli Temuri adaTiT gaTvaliswinebuli qce-vis normebi. motiralma icoda, rom misi sityva da moqmedeba damswreTa Soris uaryofiT reaqcias gamoiwvevda da `TviT-dazRvevis~ mizniT moTqmis dawyebisTanave aRniSnavda Tavi-si arakoreqtulobis uxerxulobas:

gamicineben laRni kacni,

ymawvil-ymuwvilni umecarni, –

qmars tiris tolaT Suqiai,

Svidis kvirais axalzali..

improvizaciis Jams mduRare cremliT `saxedasetyvili~ mandilosani Saosan msmenelTa Soris eZebs TanamgZrnobels, dardisa da usazRvro sulieri salmobis gamziarebels; bo-lo wlebSi gardacvlilis gaxsenebiT qmnis mZime, damzaf-vrel samgloviaro situacias... saiqios samaradiso binadar-Ta mogoneba droebiT miyuCebul tkivils aRviZebs da saerTo safiqrals uCens mwuxare ritualze TavSeyril qalebs... dedrovnisadmi `gulgamokluli~ (`guli gamokla, moti-ralno...~) motiralis ritorikul mimarTvaSi gamosWvivis qvecnobieri wadili Tu wyurvili subieqturi sagodeblis ganzogadebisa, TanasoflelTa da stumarTa Soris Tavisi Wir-varamis ganfenisa, `gadanawilebisa~.

natiralTa erT wyebaSi lirikuli gmiri qveynierebis manaTobel mzes axedavs da evedreba, `dadges da dagviandes~, raTa cotaTi kidev gaixangrZlivos samaris karTan dasvene-buli, `umzeurT~ sofelSi gasamgzavreblad mzadmyofi Svi-lis gverdiT yofnis warmavali wuTebi:

mzeo, dadeg da dagviandio,

mze sdgexar ukenobisaio,

viyrebiT dedaSvilobiTao,

mamSvidobeben berdiasao...

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`xevsuruli samgloviaro poeziis mxatvruli saxe – `mzeo, dadeg da dagviandi~, – aRniSnavs folkloristi jon-do bardaveliZe, Zveli mxatvruli azrovnebis bunebrivi ganviTarebis nayofia da Tavisi siRrmiTa da gaazrebiT Ta-mamad utoldeba poeturi Semoqmedebis yvelaze TvalsaCino nimuSebs~.

dRis mnaTobisadmi motirlis mavedrebeli mimarTvis na-tif poetur formulas, garda mxatvrul-esTetikuri Rire-bulebisa, uTvalsaCinoesi azrobrivi datvirTvac axlavs: micvalebuli mziT unda wavides im qveynad, mzis Casvlamde unda daikrZalos (`aCqardi, mziT wadi samudamo samyofel-Cio...~). WirisuflisTvis warmoudgenlad mZimea gansvenebul-Tan samudamod ganSoreba, surs moTqma-tiriliT gulis mojereba, mooxeba da swored amitom emudareba ukenobis (e.i. saboloo) mzes caze Seyovnebas, dacdas da dagviane-bas. gafiqreba imisa, rom mnaTobis gadaxras, sasaRamood mis midrekas da daRlili dRis galevas sayvarel adamianTan sa-ukuno damSvidobeba mohyveba, tragikuli tonalobiT msWva-lavs lirikuli gmiris improvizacias:

daica, mzeo, nu brZandebi,

daica, dReo, nu Ramdebi,

da-ZmaT bevri gvaqv sasaubro...

xalxuri rwmeniT, mzis Caxdomis Semdeg micvalebulis datireba ̀ xTisad ukloobis, ubedurebis Txova~ iyo, amis gamo enukvian motiralni mzes, rac SeiZleba gvian `dabrZandes~.

sxvaTa Soris nino qarTveliSvilis mier vaJa-fSavelas datirebaSic gakrTeba mzisadmi motiralTa es Sablonad qceuli tradiciuli mimarTva:

daica, mzeo, ar dabrZande,

RamiT me veras gavarigeb,

vina Tqva, vaJa aRara gvyavs,

ca-dedamiwamc daqceula...

Rirseul micvalebulze ityodnen, `Suqi Cakrifa mzi-sao~, rac figuralurad imas niSnavda, rom mzis – warmarTu-

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li RvTebis – badali iyo da niSnad Tavisi memeteobisa mzis Suqi Tan Caiyola, waiRo da waiwilkerZa saiqioSi...

damtirebelTa meditaciebSi `undobari~ sawuTros gmobasa da samduravs Tan sdevs rwmena imisa, rom adamianis cxovreba, ragind lugumi da Zirmwarec unda iyos igi, mainc lama-zia, advilad verdasaTmobia da `siturfiT hyvavis~. codva-madliani wuTisoflis xanmokle stumars, raxan arsebobs da cocxalTa siaSi weria, yovelgvari Wirsaxdelis atana moeTxo-veba da dards advilad ar unda gaeTelvinos...

araerT natiralSi wkvaramis damlewavi sxiviviT krTis kanTieli rwmena da Segneba imisa, rom sicocxlis narekliani Sara usasruloa, memkvidreobiTobis jaWvi – uwyveti da rom momavalSi ymawvilkaci daadgeba mamis mier Ronivrad da Rirseulad ganvlil gzas:

ras stiri, jalabaurT qalo,

mgels lekvni kidev morComian,

daizrdebian mglis lekvebi,

mamis nadgomze dadgebian...

aryofnis alayafTan basr qvaSi nakveTi qandakiviT mdga-ri, sawuTros siavisgan daunaneblad natanji motirali, bo-lomde rom SerCenia umaRlesi adamianuri gancdebis ubadlo leqsad gardaTqmisa Tu gadadnobis zebunebrivi niWi da una-ri, emociis mZlavr nakadSi ganzavebuli Seudarebeli saxi-erebiT qmnis da srulyofs sakuTar SemoqmedebiT portrets:

davberdi, cremlic damiberda,

davberdi, sityvac damiberda,

var oris joxiT moaruli...

aba, gaÁxedneT Cem navalsa,

cremliT arian dasetyvilni;

aba, dahkvlieT gza-gzis pirTa,

cremliT arian darecxilni!

cecxli maqv gulze modebuli,

tusis sul asdis Cem cremlsaca,

davdivar damwvar-dadaguli...

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RmerTma daswyios cremli Cemi,

RorRiviT ari, xalxo, mZime!

me Tavada var satirali,

me Tavada var daRoneba, –

xmeleTze fexiT moaruli...

* * *mTiel tomTa yofis yaidam mawieri niadagi Seamzada

sagmiro Tematikis momcveli xalxuri poeziis Casaxvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis... saqarTvelos Znelbedobam droTa ganmavlobaSi gamokveTa naTelmosili saxe samSoblosTvis Tavdadebuli kai ymisa, visi simamace, saomari suliskveTeba da Zal-Rone TanamiwawylelTa sakeTildReod iyo mimar-Tuli... Tavneba sikvdilis ulmobeli faqti erTiorad zrdi-da da amZafrebda xalxis mwuxarebas da, amasTan, siyvarulsa da pativiscemas Tem-soflis modaraje saimedo vaJkacisadmi. aseTi sikvdili (metwilad mtris xeliT) kuTxis Tu regionis saerTo ubedurebad, saerTo danaklisad aRiqmeboda...

piradi interesebiT mozRuduli personebisgan brZo-lebSi maSvrali kai yma bevri ramiT gansxvavdeba da gamo-irCeva. misTvis kacuri Rirsebis gansazRvreli aucilebeli pirobaa sindis-namusisa Tu saxel-sircxvilis mofrTxileba da SeubRalavad dacva. igi TvistomTa zneobrivi simTelis, TanamemamuleTa moraluri siwmindis ebgurad dgas da Tav-dauzogavad iRwvis adaTobrivi normebis xelmyofTa, gvaris `momyivneTa~ Tu mama-papis wmida saxelebis mTxrelTa da ma-ginebelTa winaaRmdeg ...

kai ymis naTqvam-namoqmedars waruvali Rirebulebis zne-obrivi magaliTis Zala gaaCnda. misi wyalobiT swavlobda jerac uwveruli yma ufros-umcrosobis dauwerel wess, av-kargis garCevas, moyvasis dafasebasa da mterTan mtrul mo-qcevas, samSoblos ugono, upirobo siyvaruls ... amitomac dahyolia xmiT natirlebs didi aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba ... araa SemTxveviTi, rom al. yazbegi `zaris~ daniSnulebaSi didaqtikis ZvelTaZvel tradicias xedavs da am tradiciis Senaxva-SenarCunebis aucileblobas qadagebs...

167

cnobilia, ra ganuzomlad masStabur Sinaarss debda da gulisxmobda vaJa-fSavela sintagmaSi `kai yma~, rogorad war-moedgina sxvisTvis garjili, najafi, cdaSi nawrTobi, bev-rjer simwarenawvnevi da omSi daxarjuli idealuri gmiris zogadi saxe… ... amis saukeTeso ilustraciaa misi Sedevri `kai yma~.

xmiT natirlebis ramdenime tipiur nimuSSi mkafiodaa CamonakvTuli da warmoCenili kai ymis rogorc garegani ieri, ise misi sulieri saxe.

rogorc Tav-bolo gamagrebuli, mkvidrad nagebi cixe-simagrea saso da nugeSi momxvduris garemocvaSi myofTaTvis, ise kai yma, Cauqi vaJkaci, vinc, sagmiro leqsis eniT, `mTelis Temobis karia~. ukeTesTa mjobni moymis sikvdili Tavdac-viTi daniSnulebis nagebobis daqcevas utoldeba, simagris CamoSla ki avi momavlis, mtrisgan Zlevis mauwyebelia.

cixe dagveca, qalo-d zalo,

Cawva rostomi miwaSia...

xandaxan cixis magivrad saomari iaraRi figurirebs:

xmalo, vadaSi gadamtydaro,

dedis imedo, saficaro...

saomar iaraRs cxovelTa da frinvelTa samyarodan gamoxmobili arsebani enacvlebian:

vefxvo, dahyare iaraRio,

arwivma daiWuWken mxarnio,

jixvo, sawolTiT gadmaRvardio,

iremo, dainayen rqanio...

`omiT maSvrali~ da `sisxliT mTvrali~ kai yma yovelTvis vaJkacobaze, saxelis moxveWaze, andrezad saTqmel sagmiro Tavgadasavlebze fiqrobs; igi gulcivia `saqveyno grZnobe-bisadmi~, nivTieri keTildReobisadmi anu, rogorc vaJa ityoda, `ar exarbeba Tvalio~; mudam mzadaa, pirveli Seege-bos SiSvel xmalsa Tu cxel tyvias; saorbedo brZolaSi gacinebuli piriT Sevides, mteri dajabnos, moigerios, anda

168

gangmiros da sakuTari sisxlis fasad ixsnas gansacdelidan moZme da moyvasi...

sanarCevo xmiT natirlebi sazogadoebis iseT wevrTa gardacvalebis gamoa Seqmnili, romelTac TavianTi xanmok-le sicocxliT waruxoceli kvali datoves TanamedroveTa xsovnaSi da miwyiv saxsenebel saxelebad aRibeWdnen STamo-mavalTa SegnebaSi.

xmiT tirili, rogorc avTentur zepirpoetur Semoqme-debaSi uaRresad sagulisxmo, SeiZleba iTqvas, unikaluri movlena, araa stiqiuri, ganurCeveli SemoqmedebiTi proce-si. motiralTa STagonebis saTave da leqsad `zraxvis~ mizezi srulRirsebiani adamianis sikvdilia; dakargva iseTi pirov-nebisa, munjsac rom enas amoadgmevinebs da aametyvelebs ...

ho, karg ro ari, imiT vtiri,

cudas vin raad aaxsenebs...

glovis mgosnebs yvela gardacvlili rodi miaCniaT da-tirebis Rirsad. maTi TqmiT:

usaxelosa Wabuksa ara stirian qalebi...

poeti-improvizatori Tavs valdebulad Tvlis, Tqvas mxolod simarTle, iyos miukerZoebeli, obieqturi da yve-las saqveyno damsaxurebisda mixedviT miagos kuTvnili qeba da pativi...

* * *xmiT natirlebi imarxaven, acocxleben da inaxaven lo-

kalur ambebs, xSirad Zalze mkrTalsa da nakluls, romelTa SuagulSi `TvalWreli~ Tu `TmayviTeli~ sandomiani qalebi dganan.

aRsaniSnavia erTi ram: raodenobrivi Tanafardoba qal-Ta da mamakacTa gardacvalebis niadagze `naTqvam~ xmiT na-tirlebs Soris aSkarad `darRveulia~: vaJebs bevrad meti (da aRmatebuli) natirali eZRvnebaT, vidre qalebs. mizezi amgvari viTarebisa naTelia: xmiT natiralTa erTi Ziri-Tadi mxatvruli funqcia (da pragmatuli daniSnulebac!) xom

169

velze daRupuli vaJkacebis Sesxma da maTi saniSansveto war-sulis gacxadebaa. marTalia, Tavisi `dRe-weriT~ gardacv-lilTac dastirodnen leqsad, arc stiqias Sewirul saimedo axalgazrdebs aklebdnen da amadlidnen safer sityvas, mag-ram mainc, momTqmelTa gacilebiT met yuradRebasa da sim-paTias laSqrobaSi, mzirsa da mekoparSi saxelis mompovebeli kai ymebi imsaxurebdnen...

qalTa rolis xvedriTi wili mTielTa heroikul istori-aSi SedarebiT uCinari da umniSvnelo iyo. amitomac isini na-klebad xvdebodnen sagmiro-samgloviaro himnebis jadoqar avtorTa Taviseburi oratoruli xelovnebis orbitSi...

xmiT natirali gardacvlil qals, pirvel rigSi, misi qaluri Rirsebebis gaxsenebiTa da CamoTvliT amkobs da alazaTianebs. ar uviwyebs sikeTesa da saTnoebas, mcnobTa da axlobelTa Soris rom dauTesia. amasTan, Seaxsenebs mova-leobas, saiqioSi Sesulma rom unda Seasrulos: Tu motiral-Tagan erT-erTi Tavisi uwlovani Svilebis movla-patro-nobas sTxovs, meore, piriqiT – exveweba, rom yuri ar ugdos misi umecari ymawvilebis tirils, arc pur-wyali miawodos, vinaidan `dRebneli~ deda `Jamkarareuli~ gawires samzeoze da amis gamo Sebralebis Rirsni ar arian...

gardacvlili qalis motirliseuli Sefasebis kriteri-umi yovelTvis rodi esatyviseboda mTielTa ZirZvel ritu-alebTan dakavSirebul tradiciebs. erTi xevsuruli xmiT natirali ase iwyeba:

gitireb, Cemo mamidao,

kukumauro jiSiano,

jvarCi ÃelosanT asatexoo,

mTaCi mTiblebis samReraloo...

marTlacda, raoden avtoritetuli unda yofiliyo qali (mxolod jiSianoba mas veras argebda, jiSiani sxvac bevri momkvdara!) xatis msaxurT (`Ãelosnebs~) mrevlis uwmides TavSesayarze misi saxeli rom aetexaT da ̀ gvrinSi~ exsenebinaT! ...

mTaSi, sadac wliuri sarCo-sabadeblis mosapoveblad gaweuli mZime fizikuri jafiT welSi wydeboda meurne glexi,

170

ojaxis rCena, masTan erTad, sinazisa da silamazis damTr-gunvel tvirTad awva qalis sust mxrebs.

mkacr klimatur da bunebriv pirobebSi xelmokle jala-bis materialur mdgomareobas diacis garjac didwilad gan-sazRvravda. dablob adgilebSi – mdinaris piras Tu saxl-karis siaxloves – qalebi xenclavdnen balaxs, xolo cicabo ferdobebze xeliT Tibva mamakacebis saqme iyo. mamrTa mova-leobas Seadgenda aseve saqersvile yanebis xvna da Tesva... magram iyvnen qalebi, marjved da rigianad rom uZRvebodnen mamakacTa kuTvnil sameurneo saqmianobas. da es Rirsebad eTvleboda maT. sicocxleSi Tu ara, sikvdilis mere mainc etyodnen amis gamo saqebar sityvas...

motirali moxdenilad axamebs erTmaneTTan or sapiris-piro, garkveuli gagebiT urTierTgamomricxav mxares – sa-iqios samkaulad qceuli mandilosnis ciur mSvenierebas da misi haerovnebisTvis Seuferebel mZime fizikur Sromas:

...Satil narCevo qalebCiao,

guros maskvlavo dedaCiao,

celiT mTibelo, yanaT mÃnavoo,

namÃrevCi mekafiaeoo...

magram es mainc gamonaklisia.zogadi suraTi ki aseTia: glovis mgosanTa maragian moT-

qmaSi vaJkaci `omis kar~ gamoCenili simamaciT, mSobeli xalx-is sargod da sasikeTod gaRebuli jan-RoniT, Tofis da xmal-xanjlis moxerxebuli xmarebiT fasobs, xolo qals dedoba, Sromismoyvareoba da saqsov-saqargis saidumlos codna amSvenebs...

* * *xmiT natirlebSi TviTkmar nakadad ikveTeba nimuSebi,

romelTa striqonebs mcirewlovanTa gardacvalebiT gamow-veuli mwveli mwuxareba msWvalavs. umanko da ucodveli, cxovrebis av-kargSi gauTviTcnobierebeli bavSvis dakargva uStari bediswerisa Tu yovlisSemZle gangebisadmi savsebiT gasageb samduravs aRZravs WirisufalTa damduRrul gulebSi...

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bavSvis datireba garkveuli sirTulis winaSe ayenebs profesional motirals, rac, Taviswil am rigis teqstTa raodenobriv simcires ganapirobebs. zrdasruli Tu xanmo-Teuli adamianis im qveynad gastumreba Sesaferisi sityvieri daxasiaTebis TanxlebiT `momTqmels“ didad ar uWirs, rad-gan, avad Tu kargad, icis misi warsuli, saamsoflo Rvawli da damsaxureba. ymawvilis datirebaSi, am mxriv, ukiduresad SezRudulia poeturi recefciis are Tu asparezi. ra unda iTqvas masze, vinc Tvalis axelac ver moaswro da, msgavsad civ da naadrev gazafxulze aRmocenebuli yvavilisa, ulmo-blad gaToSa da moaSTo wuTisoflis senma Tu susxma...

erTi TuSuri natirlis Tanaxmad, Soria gza suleTisa, sa-dac `miwisferdebulTa~ anu gardacvlilTa samkvidreblis axal wevrs win xvdebian qveiTi Tu cxenosani `mgebrni~, dedis-Zmebi da mogvareebi, romelnic Tav-TavianT `andabSi~ (erTi gvaris sulTa samyofelSi) awveven ususur, umweo, SiSiT dazafrul balRs...

`mgebrT~, micvalebulis pirveldamxvdurT saiqioSi, naxevradrealur, grilos mimsgavsebul uCinmaCin arsebebad moiazrebs adamianis warmosaxva. metic: mTqmel-mTxrobelTa cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba maTi `xilvis~ SemTxvevebsac `icnobs~...

mcirewlovanTa sityvier glovaSi aqcenti swored `mgeb-rTa~ – dedisZmaTa da mamisZmaTa – imqveyniur funqcia-mov-aleobazea dasmuli. `ucodari~ ymawvili advilad ver gaig-nebs gzas saiqioSi da gezisa da orientaciis mimTiTeblad Tavisiani esaWiroeba...

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi gvianobamde arsebobda erTi SexedviT ucnauri Cveuleba, romlis kvali da mkafio anarekli dRemde SemorCa TuS-fSav-xevsureTs bavSvisTvis ucxo, araqarTuli (metwilad qisturi anda lekuri) sakuTa-ri saxelis Serqmevis saxiT.

roca ubedo ojaxs memkvidre uCndeboda da ukvdeboda, roca gvarsa da modgmas gadaSenebis, gaqrobis safrTxe uax-lovdeboda, axalSobils `moiparavdnen~, `gayiddnen~ da `gaas-xvisebdnen~, rac Tavis gamoxatulebas saamisod SemuSavebuli

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savaldebulo wesebis Sesrulebis imitirebasa da bavSvisTvis metsaxelis daZaxebaSi hpovebda. SeSfoTebul, sagonebelSi Cavardnil mSoblebs swamdaT, rom am xerxiT Svils sikvdi-lisgan daixsnidnen da daifaravdnen; raki bavSvi sxvisTvis eyolebodaT mibarebuli, morig ubedurebas gadaurCebodnen...

fSaveli mamakaci moTqvams:

Ãevsuras Svilsa ar veZaxdi,

sxvakana myvanda gayiduli,

sikvdilma mainc mamiÃela,

albaT gulSi Tu vTavisobdi.

* * *sulis ukvdavebis qristianuli ideis adgili zepirsity-

vier teqstebSi adamianis maradiuli arsebobis, ase vTqvaT, materialistur Tvalsazriss uWiravs: gansvenebulis suli caTa sasufevelSi ki ar moiazreba, is sxeulTan erTad, mis-gan ganuSoreblad ganagrZobs arsebobas mousavleTSi.

xiluli qveynis mxatvruli modeli rigi detalebis dama-tebiT da rigis gamoklebiT aris gadatanili umzeurTa anu `qvesknelisgan pyrobilTa~ sofelSi. da aq prioriteti mi-Tosur Tvalsazriss eniWeba. xalxuri poeziis saiqio (Tavis samoTxe-jojoxeTianad) ufro am qveynis msgavsi da sadaria, vidre qristianuli zesTasoflisa...

qvesknelSi moxvedril micvalebuls bewvis xidze gadav-la uwevs. bewvis (var.: Zuis) xidi mduRare kupris tbaze aris gadebuli. xidqveS `onCqari~ anu oxSivari trialebs. is, vinc samzeoze codvas Cadioda, xididan kupris alSi vardeba da ikargeba. mas verc ucodvelni xedaven da verc ̀ suleTis Rmer-Ti~. naklebcodviani xidze uvneblad gadadis. xidis gaRma na-pirze mwvaned mobibine triali mindoria. aqa-iq buCqebi dgas. mindvris SuagulSi wveriT cas mibjenili oTxTvala cixea aRmarTuli. cixes garedan kibe aqvs midgmuli. ganieri karis aqeT-iqiT ori veeba ZaRlia dabmuli. ZaRlebs Sua TeTrwvera moxuci, `suleTis karis yarauli~ zis. myefrebisgan da meka-risgan TavdaRweuli (Tu kvira-uqmes iWerda da marxvas ina-xavda, ZaRlebi gaatareben, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi daesevian

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da dafleTen) suli (aq ukve mxolod sulzea saubari!) SehyavT oTaxSi, sadac `bWeni~ sxedan (religiuri ciklis leqsebSi bWeTa nacvlad oqros skamze dabrZanebuli qriste RmerTi ixsenieba, romelic oqrosave sasworze samzeos `daklebul-Ta~ codva-madls swonis). axalsuls `saunjo~ skams sTavazo-ben. bWeT dawvrilebiT ician misi av-kargi. codvamoreuls jojoxeTSi agzavnian, xolo madlians cixis meore `TvalSi~ anu sarTulze ganamweseben. `uwamebeli~ qal-vaJi, e.i. gau-Txovari qali da ucolo vaJi, mesame sarTulze imyofebian. cixis meoTxe Tvali gankuTvnilia bavSvebisTvis. angelozTa `sernawriani~ Cvilebi cixis sam zeda sarTulze `cxovroben~ da kibiT ad-Camodian (Sdr. bibliuri iakobis sizmareuli ki-be; aqve movixsenioT ioane klemaqsis `saTnoebaTa kibe~, rom-lis ocdaaTi safexuri RmerTTan sulis mistikuri miaxloe-bis gamoxatulebaa)… ...

rac ufro meti nisliTa (`nisli~ – saiqio yofis amqveyni-uri ilustracia~ – r. inaniSvili) da bundovanebiTaa mocu-li transtendenturi sferos `rjul-samarTali~, miT ufro cxovelia mis mimarT mokvdavTa interesi (`iq ra iqneba, iq, im bnelsa da ucnob mxares, sadiT arcerTi mgzavri ukan aRar brundeba~, – kiTxulobs yofna-aryofnis amouxsnel dile-maze Cafiqrebuli hamleti). saiqio sasufevlis ueWvelobaSi Rrmad darwmunebuli meleqse samzeosTan SedarebiT upi-ratesobasac ki aniWebs miRma sofels. mas saamisod myari ar-gumenti moepoveba: cocxalni dRemudam wuxan, wvaloben da ewamebian, xolo gardacvlili qal-vaJni sul lxinsa da mxi-arulebaSi arian. maTi udasaliero samkvidrebeli dasaba-mieri udardelobis niSniTaa aRbeWdili.

modis samzeoT tirili,

suleTSi taSis Cqamia...

qristianuli dogmatiT, sxeulTan gayrili suli ori dRis ganmavlobaSi im adgilis axlo-maxlo trialebs, sadac misi mflobeli cxovrobda. `mesame dRes ki mfarveli an-gelozis TanxlebiT miwidan zecad aRiyvaneba, raTa Tayvani sces ufals da kerZo ganCineba moisminos~ (arqimandriti la-

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zare). cad mimaval suls haerSi gabatonebuli eSmakebi eRobe-bian, eSmakebi, romelTac TavianTi Tavadebi winamZRvroben da TviTeuli maTgani romelime codvis ganmsjel ganyofilebas ganagebs. es ganyofilebebi `sazvereebad~ iwodeba. suls yo-vel sazveresTan xvdebian eSmakebi. rac ufro mZime da miute-vebelia codva, miT metad utifari da sazareli Sesaxeda-obisaa sazveris mcveli boroti suli...

suleTis xSuli sivrcis amsaxveli miTologiuri poezia gvamcnobs: `sulTqmis cixeSi~ msxdomi mosamarTleebi anda `Ãidisyur~ myofi samni bWeni ujero sityvis moubar qal-vaJs enis wvers aWrian, xelmruds sinis qvabSi moTavsebul misive xelis naxarSs aZaleben, oblebis damyrel dedas ubeSi uxseneblebs usxamen da jojoxeTSi agzavnian, xolo saman-sazRvris amrevTaTvis zurgze mZime kldeebis akideba aqvT dawesebuli...

qarTuli hadesis uRran mRvimeebSi mkiTxvelis Tvali advilad aRmoaCens adamianis sikvdilisSemdgomi cxovrebis imave wesrigs, wyobas da struqturas, rac aq, garesknelSi, empiriulad arsebobs.

saaqaos Targze `moWril~ suleTs Tavisi RmerTi hyavs:

suleTis RmerTo, madlianoo,

mame nebai saubrisao,

gamamacxade samzeosao,

Sen amaZraxe samzeurTao...

suleTis RmerTTan SeuTanxmeblad, misi dasturisa da nebarTvis gareSe, wesiT da rigiT, saiqioSi araferi ar unda xdebodes. da roca uxeSad irRveva iqauri harmonia, iwyeba qaosi da adamisxnis adaTebs moSla emuqreba, umal vlindeba miRmierTa mfarvelis ukmayofileba:

iwyina suleTis RmerTma

areva jarebisao,

samzeos gasvla, – ambobda, –

andrezad ar madisao...

mzis wilobidan wylis wilad qceuli, `mzis yanidan~ (asec xsendeba dedamiwa xalxur poeziaSi!) qvesknelSi `STamxdari~

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kacni iseve icvlian fizionomias, rogorc fSav-xevsureTis miTosuri gmirebi (kopala, iaxsari, xogais mindi, giorgi um-zeuri – naRvarmSvenieri, gaxua megrelauri...). maTi amqvey-niuri arseboba mziurniSniania, xolo im qveyanaSi mimqrali feris myife gvams irgeben da uRono landebis ieriT Cndebian asparezze. `qvesknelSi CamsvlelTa aseTi transformacia aucilebeli da gardauvalia. gardaqmnisa da gardacvale-bis es kanoni universaluria~ (T.Cxenkeli). gvamis gamoc-vlas araTu eCvevian da guoben, am aqtiT kmayofilnic Canan moSaveTeni, vinaidan samzeodan wayolili wylulebi maT aRar awuxebT:

uTxridiT Cvenebs dedebsa,

mtrisa ar gvaqvis yamio,

aRar orT wylulianebi,

gamogvicvales gvamio.

gza saiqiosi, – sadac, xevsuruli `pirisqaris~ mixedviT, `qristiann puroben, angelozn Jamoben, codviann nanoben, madliann gaisveneben, suliwmida moiÃsenebis~, – yvelasTvis xsnilia; adre Tu gvian yvela iq wamsvlelia; kvdeba kaci da ikrZaleba, magram fizikuri gauCinarebiT yovelive rodi mTavrdeba. `vefxistyaosnis RmrTismetyvelebaSi~ viqtor nozaZe aRniSnavs: `kacis sicocxle sikvdiliT ar sruldeba, ar Tavdeba – igi grZeldeba, radgan qristianuli rwmeniTac sicocxle, – suli kacisa Tavis arsebobas saiqioSi agrZelebs. saaqao sicocxlis gagrZeleba aris saiqio sicocxle~.

suls (berZn. `fsiqe~) miTosuri gagebiT, sWirdeba sxe-ulic. es ori substancia cal-calke arcki moiazreba. aC-rdilTa qveyanaSi erTis arseboba meoris TanyofniT aris Sepirobebuli...

qristianuli religia sxvagvarad sjis: sxeuli xrwnadi da warmavalia, suli – ukvdavi, caTa siwmindeSi davanebuli (Sdr. guramiSvili: `xorcia miwa, talaxi, sawuTros fexiT na-laxi, suli usxeulmyofeli, aqvs saukuno sofeli~)...

saiqioSi Sesvla advilia, xolo iqidan gamoRweva – Zalze Zneli. amitomac Civian qvesknels mwyvdeulni:

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Samauare SaveTsa,

ver mauÃele karia...

arc cocxalTaTvis iReba SaveTis kari, Tavisianebs Tva-li rom daavlon.

karimc gageRo, SaveTo,

mxarni menaxnes Zmisani...

erTxel da samudamod dadgenili samyarouli wesrigis darRveva (sityvaTqmnadobis iSviaTi magaliTi: mavne, uxiag ymawvils da, zogjer mozrdilsac, `marRviels~ eZaxian xev-sureTSi) aravis epatieba. `sikvdilis Ze~ (fs. 102,15) Tavis bedsa Tu RvTismier ganaCens unda danebdes da daemorCilos. Tu gaTamamda da `Zali gabeda~, ufali Semoswyreba:

vaJebma Satilivnebma

suleT gabedes Zalia,

sru gaamtvries karebi,

samzeos gasavalia,

imiT Samaswyra ufali:

iqiT ar dian sxvania...

realuri sazrisiT auxdeneli survili adamianisa mis samandaudebel warmosaxvaSi, azrovnebasa da religiur gancdaSi hpovebs realizebas. is, rasac warmarTuli sar-wmunoebis wiaRTan `koleqtiuri qvecnobierebiT~ (iungi) dakavSirebuli meleqse Zaladobrivi gziT akeTebinebs sai-qios tyve – tusaRebs, RvTiuri nebis gacxadebad ganixileba qristianul TvalTaxedvaSi. da es orsibrtyeobrivi midgo-ma, erTgvari dualizmi micvalebulebTan mimarTebaSi ori msoflmxedvelobrivi poziciis mijnaze mdgomi Semoqmedis utyuari gumaniT aris danaxuli da gadmocemuli vaJa-fSave-las leqsSi `varskvlavi~:

...ucxo dabrwyinda varskvlavi,

kldis Tavze damcqeralia,

kldis exSi hkocnis pataras

sxivmofenili qalia...

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SaveTSi gadagdebuliadgomas bedavs mkvdaria,macxovris Soba Saityo,SaveTis tydeba karia...

* * *xmiTmotirlis maragian moTqmaSi gaxmiandeba xolme sa-

xelwodeba sasaflaosi, sadac misi axlobeli ganisvenebs an-da jerac `zepir~ myofi misiani unda daikrZalos. samarovani, Tavisi xavsiani qvebiT da waferdebuli jvrebiT, sulfonic aris da sulwuxic. sulfoni – gardacvlilebisTvis, sulwuxi – cocxlebisTvis (egeb, piruku?!) ...

zvavuSiS maRlobsa Tu umSvenieres Seferdebaze gan-Tavsebuli micvalebulTa uoxWno `samkvidrebeli~ xom una-piro mdumarebis uwmidesi taZaria, sadac adamiani sakuTar sunTqvasaviT ganicdis ̀ miwa xar da miwad iqcevi~-s uRrmes da, amasTan, umartives filosofias...

ai, ra Seuvali, myari da ucvleli argumentaciiT aris gamagrebuli winaparTa saZvaleebisadmi xmiTnatirlis liri-kuli gmiris araorazrovani damokidebuleba:

...miyvarxar, sasaflaoT goro,miyvarxar, gana marTla gSurob, –aq aris Cemi mamis saxli,

aq wvanan Cemi mama-Zmani...

xolo qarTul `sasaflaoT gorebze~ mravlad alagia at-keCili, dabzaruli, JamTasvlaSi celis salesiviT gamcvdari da danagabrebuli qvebi, romelTa moxatulobasa da sityvier samkauls Znelad Tu moeZebneba jufTi da badali msoflios memorialuri kulturis saganZurSi.

Semzaravi silamaziT avseben erTurTs saflavis Cumi qva da Zval-malis damSleli samgloviaro leqsi; avseben ise, rom cal-calke veRarc ki moiazrebian. orive, qvac da leqsic, mwuxarebiT ganwonili gulebis naxmevia, damsaxurebul pa-tivs rom miageben da Rirsebas mateben suleTis karis morig SemRebT:

suleT Savida wiqai,

ÃeliT SaaRa karia...

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saba metreveli

TamaSis xelovneba

TamaSi adamianis qcevis garkveuli saxeobaa. es qceva rTulia Tavisi formiTac da fsiqikuri SinaarsiTac. da, radganac Tavad qceva, dimitri uznaZis mixedviT, adamianis gareganisa da Sinaganis erTianobas warmoadgens, anu konkre-tuli pirovnebis sruli gamovlenaa, unda vivaraudoT, rom TamaSSi Seimecneba Tavad moTamaSis mTliani fsiqo-emoci-uri samyaroc. TamaSi aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gaviaz-roT teqstad, romlis hermenevtika ramdenime etaps moicavs. rogorc amboben, TviTon xelovnebac TamaSidan unda momdi-nareobdes, oRond Semoqmedebac da TamaSic `ararealizebul ganwyobaTa da funqcionaluri tendenciis niadagze aRmoce-nebuli qcevis formebia~ (uznaZe 2006: 604).

gamovyofT TamaSis sam kategorias: 1. bavSvis TamaSi (ilu-ziis sinamdvile); 2. niRbebis TamaSi (socialuri fsiqolo-giis problema); 3. profesiuli TamaSi (Tavisufali fanta-ziis damoukidebeli nayofi). amjerad Cveni interesis sagania es ukanaskneli da mas ganvixilavT samsaxiobo xelovnebis fonze.

Teatris istoria icnobs araerT magaliTs imisas, rom msaxiobi Sepyrobilia TamaSis vnebiT; reJisoric yovelTvis mzadaa `TamaSis~ dasadgmelad. ra xdeba?! ra gansakuTrebu-lad fenomenalur aqtivobasTan gvaqvs saqme?!

unda aRiniSnos, rom samsaxiobo (universaluri Tama-Sis) xelovneba specifikur niWs moiTxovs. rogorc sesilia TayaiSvili ambobs: `msaxiobi ibadeba da ar keTdeba~. samsaxi-obo skola, amavdroulad, xelobis Seswavla, teqnikis dauf-lebaa, – es mTavaria, magram – arasakmarisi. Cven vsaubrobT iseT msaxiobebze, romlebsac bunebiTi talanti aqvT, msaxi-obebad rom arian dabadebulni. aseTi kategoriis xlovanis amocnoba advilia, radgan mas aqvs Tandayolili mtanjveli Tviseba – rolebis sixarbe. germanelebs specialuri terminic ki aqvT – `scenis Rori~! ra Tqma unda, ukiduresad gamwvave-

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buli SefasebiT, radgan, magaliTad, Cven mier naxsenebi sesi-lia TayaiSvili bevr rolze ambobda uars, cotas TamaSobda, magram – maRalmxatvrul doneze. asea Tundac dRevandel Teatralur sivrceSi zurab yifSiZe. arc is TamaSobs bevrs. ufro metic, Cvens saukuneSi axali roli ar miuRia.

ra aris bedniereba an sad aris igi?! – ar aris advili pasu-xi gaeces am SekiTxvas. bedniereba sixarulia, es ukanaskneli ki – siyvaruli. qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis es sameuli: sixaruli – bedniereba – siyvaruli universaluri intenciaa, magram adamiani daeZebs ufro mets, TiTqmis iracionalurs. amitomac ambobdnen platoni, Sileri, furie Tu hese: ada-miani maSin eziareba umaRles bednierebas, roca cxovrebas erT did TamaSad aqcevso. es damokidebuleba, faqtobrivad, TamaSs adgils miuCens cxovrebis sistemaSi, sicocxlis sqe-maSi da aqcevs mas yofierebis Tanmxleb faqtorad, msaxiobis SemTxvevaSi ki – sulis moTxovnilebad!

cxovrebis TamaSad qceva sulac ar gulisxmobs simarti-ves, araseriozulobas, winadauxedaobasa da ugunurebas. Ta-maSi Tavisufali qcevaa, romelsac Tan axlavs, erTi Sexed-viT, srulad auxsneli gancda – Tavad TamaSis procesidan miRebuli siamovneba. am siamovnebisaTvisaa dabadebuli msaxiobic.

radgan Tavisufleba aris umaRlesi adamianuri (an RvTa-ebrivi) kategoria, radgan samyaros, qmnilebis gvirgvini – adamiani – moiazreba Tavisufali nebis arsebad da es aqcevs mas pirovnebad, amdenad, TamaSi, anu Tavisufleba, ganixileba misi umaRlesi pirovnuli `mes~ saxeobriv formad. amasTana-ve, TamaSis dros erTaderTi da ganumeorebeli qmedeba `gan-sxvisdeba~. `xdeba is, rac unda moxdes xelovnebaSi – roca unikalurad movlenili sicocxle mianiSnebs raRac zogadsa da yvelasaTvis mniSvnelovanze (doliZe 2000: 68).

ratom Seiqmna Teatraluri xelovneba?! ram ganapiroba TamaSis xelovnebis am dargis dabadeba? – rogorc amboben, sxvisi cxovrebis interesma da, Sesabamisad, sxvadqcevis aux-snelma survilma. am swrafvam moTamaSe aqcia sakuTari Tavi-dan, sakuTari eqsistenciidan gasul arsebad da gadaiyvana sxva ganzomilebaSi.

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gardasaxva sxva adamianad warmosaxul samyaroSi, yvela-feri viTom realuri, sinamdvileSi – tyuili, magram am ilu-zorul sivrceSi Tavisuflad da damajereblad qmedeba, dafuZnebuli mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebze, warmogvidgeba xelovnebad, TamaSis xelovnebad, romlisTvisac damaxasi-aTebelia swrafva organizebisken, wesrigisken da Tanamed-rove TeatrSi didi xania, am wesrigis ganmkargvelad iqca reJisori, romlis subieqturi sanqciiT TamaSoben scenaze. samwuxarod, am aucileblobam meore ukiduresobac Sva da re-Jisuris Teatri, rogorc ansambluri xelovnebis unikaluri forma, aqcia reJisoris Teatrad, romelSic daikarga yvelaze Rirebuli, arsiseuli, is, rac Teatralur xelovnebas gansaz-Rvravda – msaxiobis Tavisufleba-improvizacia, romelic re-Jisoris Tavisufalma interpretaciam Caanacvla. nu vidavebT imaze, rom konceptualuri reJisura aucilebelia, magram mayurebels Teatraluri dResaswauli uyvars (platonisTvi-sac TamaSi sadResaswaulo TamaSia), anu izidavs is, rac am xe-lovnebis safuZvelSi devs – TamaSis stiqia.

ra Tqma unda, Tanamedrove TeatrSi reJisuris gareSe warmoudgenelia raime formis speqtaklze saubari. TviT er-Ti msaxiobis TeatrSi, gnebavT literaturul speqtaklSi, gamoyenebulia minimaluri, magram mainc reJisoruli saSu-alebebi. erTi martivi aucileblobis gamo, advilad sacna-uri da logikurad gamarTuli rom iyos msaxiobis TamaSis bunebrivi mizanSewoniloba.

TamaSis, gardasaxvis xelovneba, rogorc esTetikuri ka-tegoria, maSin aRwevs umaRles mxatvrul formas, roca mo-TamaSe didi Sinagani sulieri Zalis patronia. Zlieri emocia (didi iSviaToba dRes!) gansazRvravs Zlier mijaWvulobas. mayurebels uCndeba Tanagancdisa da araerTxel naxvis sur-vili. uneburad gagaxsendebaT h. spenseris `Warbi energiis~ Teoria, magram Cven am Teorias Tu mivusadagebT moTamaSe msaxiobs, aRmoCndeba, rom, rac ufro Zlieria emocia, miT ufro yovlismomcvelia misi zemoqmedebis Zala. pirovnuli fsiqo-emociuri faqtori gansazRvravs moTamaSis warmate-bas. amitomac iyo, rom iseTi didi sulieri Zalis msaxiobebi,

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rogorebic iyvnen uSangi CxeiZe, akaki xorava, sergo zaqari-aZe, veriko anjafariZe da zinaida kverenCxilaZe... scenaze TamaSis dros imorCilebdnen yvelafers.

TamaSis mwvave survilebi scenaze da, miT ufro cxovre-baSi, SesaZloa, dakavSirebuli iyos Rrma xasiaTis stresul situaciebTan, gacnobierebul Tu gaucnobierebel movle-nebTan. zigmund froidi SemTxveviT ar ukavSirebs TamaSs nev-rozebs, rogorc warsulSi gandevnili travmebis akviate-bul mogonebebs. arseboben TamaSiT Sepyrobilebi – es aris erTgvari profesiuli `paTologia~, ra Tqma unda, arareali-zebul ganwyobaTa niadagze aRmocenebuli mzaoba, qcevis forma. Sesabamisad, Tavad TamaSic adamianis qcevis formaa da, radgan qceva adamianis gareganisa da Sinaganis erTiano-bas warmoadgens (d. uznaZe), TamaSsac Sinaganisa da gareganis erToblivi Zalisxmeva gansazRvravs.

sxvaTaA Soris, gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, TamaSs da mxatvrul Semoqmedebas saerTo safuZveli aqvs. orive eyrdnoba erTsa da imave models (h. spenseri, k. grosi). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Semoqmedebac da TamaSic `arar-ealizebul ganwyobaTa da funqcionaluri tendenciis~ ni-adagze aRmocenebuli qcevis formebia. dimitri uznaZis es dakvirveba im saerTo niSans gansazRvravs, romelic xelovan-sa da moTamaSes akavSirebT. Semoqmedebac da TamaSic qcevis formaa da procesualuri xasiaTi aqvT. d. uznaZe saintereso dakvirvebas gvawvdis da sailustraciod mohyavs aseTi maga-liTi: bavSvebis TamaSi `omobana~ da msaxiobis TamaSi omis scenaSi. `omobanas~ dros TamaSi Tavisuflad mimdinareobs, nebismier moTamaSes SeuZlia Sewyvitos TamaSi survilisamebr. msaxiobis TamaSi ki moklebulia Tavisuflebas da mkacrad gansazRvrulia omis maqsimalurad adekvaturi gansaxiere-biT. arc warmodgenis monawiles SeuZlia Sewyvitos TamaSi survilisamebro. amitomac, SesaZloa iTqvas, rom TamaSis xe-lovneba mkacrad reglamentirebuli da gansazRvrulia.

gadis dro, icvleba samyaro, Sesabamisad, icvleba adami-anis xasiaTi, fsiqika, motorika, xmis tembri, metyvelebis ma-nera da intonacia. cvalebadobis procesi moicavs da imor-

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Cilebs yvelafers, TamaSis survilis garda. daismis kiTxva, ras TamaSobs msaxiobi? – pasuxi martivia, sxvis (dramaturgis) daweril teqsts, oRond am teqsts ki ar kiTxulobs, aramed asaxierebs – saxes, formasa da, Sesabamisad, suls, sicocxles, sunTqvas STahberavs mas*. amitom werda mixeil TumaniSvili: `Tu piesa ar aris, ra unda iTamaSon msaxiobebma? magram, Tu ar aris msaxiobi, piesa Taroze iqneba Semodebuli da am Sem-TxvevaSi igi literaturuli nawarmoebia da ara – scenuri. mxolod Teatri aniWebs piesas meore WeSmarit cxovrebas~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 124).

rogor TamaSobs msaxiobi? – sakuTar fiqrSi, sakuTar arsebaSi, – sxeulSi Semohyavs axali personaJi. Sexvedra gmirTan TamaSis pirobiTobiT mimdinareobs. msaxiobi fsiqo-logiurad gmirSi ki ar unda gardaisaxos, aramed `sakuTar TavTan TamaSiT unda aRniSnos is, unda Seqmnas gmiris idea, anu mniSvneloba scenaze~ (doliZe 2000: 68).

yovel rols aqvs Tavisi literaturuli cxovreba, am cxovrebis analizis Sedegad msaxiobis eqsistencia iwyebs saxecvlilebas – gmiri nel-nela Semodis masSi, sxvanairad dadis, sxvanairad metyvelebs, Secvlilia azrovnebis, ref-leqsiis modelebi... mimdinareobs personaJis sulSi SeRwevis procesi. am aqtis, scenuri xatis dabadebis Sesaxeb ase ambob-da sesilia TayaiSvili: `piesas rom wavikiTxav, mxolod is vi-ci, vin aris Cemi gmiri, ra hqvia, ramdeni wlisaa, ra movale-obas asrulebs piesaSi. es gmiri Semdeg me TandaTan maviwydeba. es periodi Cveulebrivad vcxovrob, vmoqmedob,… rolze ar vfiqrob! magram gadis dro da me TviTon vgrZnob, rom TiTqos sxvagvarad viwyeb siaruls, moZraobas; TiTqos es xelebi sxvisia, manerebic sxvisia. ra xdeba?! – gmiri nel-nela Semo-dis CemSi. Tu es muSaobaa, aq udides rols TamaSobs qvecno-bieri. amis Semeg me miadvildeba grimi da pirvelsave warmod-genaze ibadeba saxe da Semdge is ixveweba~ (sesilia 1984:).

* sxvaTa Soris, k. stanislavski fiqrobda, rom sityva `aqtiori~ ukve Seicavs am profesiis ganmsazRvrel niSans: aqtio – aqtiuroba – aqtiori – aqti. yve-laferi ganisazRvreba qmedebaSi. `warmodgena laparaki ki ara, moqmedebaa~ – ambobda n. SiukaSvili. sxvagvarad miaCnda gr. robaqiZes: `drama niSnavs ara moqmedebas, aramed – ambavs. Ziri Teatrisa aris ara moqmedeba, aramed ambavi... (ambavSi, movlenaSi) aris Canasaxi Teatraluri xelovnebisa (robaqiZe 2003: 263).

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Znelia aseT dros mijnebis gavleba: sad iwyeba pirovne-ba da sad mTavrdeba roli. warmosaxulis gaTaviseba, anu oretapiani procesi, qmnis scenur saxes. amdenad, ori gansa-kuTrebuli unari erTveba saxedqmnadobis, TamaSis filoso-fiaSi: a) fantazia; b) unari sxvadqcevisa. erTic da meorec specifikuri niWia, SeiZleba iTqvas, – Tandayolilic. amitom bevr msaxiobs an erTi aklia, an – meore. yvelas ar ZaluZs srulqmnili scenuri saxeebis Seqmna. srulqmnileba am ori unaris harmonias gulisxmobs. warmosaxulis ganxorciele-ba scenaze samsaxiobo Semoqmedebis, Sesabamisad, TamaSis xe-lovnebis umTavresi niSania. sakuTari warmosaxviT unda Seq-mnas msaxiobma axali adamianis saxe, oRond amiT ar mTavrdeba yvelaferi. sabolood, msaxiobi Tavis meore `mes~, rols, es-Tetikur formebSi moaqcevs da `Camoasxams~.

marTalia, TamaSis, sxvadqcevis, gardasaxvis procesSi msaxiobi literaturul-mxatvrul realobas TamaSis piro-biTi dro-sivrcis, scenuri pirobiTobis SigniT moaqcevs da misi baton-patroni xdeba, am realobas sakuTar Wkuaze gada-amuSavebs da reJisoris xelSewyobiT Tavisi `Zlevamosile-bis~ demonstirebasac SeZlebs, magram aucileblad gasaazre-belia isic, rom, ramdenadac pirobiTia TamaSis dro-sivrce, imdenad pirobiTia moTamaSis Tavisuflebac, radgan is mainc ver gaeqceva mxatvrul mocemulobas, magaliTad: Tu otelos TamaSob, am TamaSis Tavisufleba ver gadaizrdeba hamletad. otelos rolis TamaSi swored Tavis esTetikur-azrobriv diapazons gulisxmobs. aseT winaswardasazRvrul modeleb-Si TamaSis Tavisufleba namdvili da WeSmariti msaxiobisaT-vis naRdi da upirobo sixarulis momniWebelia.

bunebrivia, TamaSi Tavisufali qcevaa, radgan iZulebiT TamaSi SeuZlebelia. magram, msaxiobis Tavisufleba scenuri kanonebiTaa gansazRvruli – es winaswar mocemuli pirobi-Tobaa, romelsac, rogorc wesrigs, aucileblobas ise iRebs msaxiobi. mTlianobaSi Cven aRmovCndebiT aseTi mocemulo-bis pirispir: radganac msaxiobis xelovneba Tavisufali (Tumca reglamentirebuli) TamaSia, Sesabamisad, Teatric Tavisuflebis adgilia, romelic ukavSirdeba azrovnebis

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Tavisuflebasac. SeuZlebelia, xelovnebis romelime dargi moiazrebodes azrovnebis gareSe. gansja, azrovneba iwyeba TavisuflebaSi. amdenad, `Tu Teatri ar arsebobs azrovne-bis gareSe, azrovneba ar arsebobs Tavisuflebis gareSe~ (qiqoZe 1964: 263). zogadad, msaxiobis xelovnebis mecnieruli Seswavlis pirvel Teoriul naSromSi `paradoqsi aqtiorze~, romelic ekuTvnis deni didros, vkiTxulobT: did msaxiobs didi niWi unda hqondes gansjisao (didro 1939: 128).

ra Tqma unda, TamaSi ar aris Cveulebrivi, yofiTi, nam-dvili cxovreba. rogorc holandieli kulturologi, iohan haizinga, ambobs: is gamosvlaa am cxovrebidan sakuTari ga-miznulobis mqone aqtivobis droebiT sferoSi. gasaTvalis-winebelia isic, rom TviT antikur TeatrSi niRbebis gamo-yenebas ar hqonda mxolod teqnikuri safuZveli. rogorc varaudoben, es dakavSirebuli iyo dionises kultTan da SeniRbva aq gamoxatavda `sakuTari arsidan gamosvlisa da da sxvaSi gardasaxvisa da gadasvlisaken ltolvas. niRabi da sxeulis uCveulod Semosva... e.w. bakquri metamorfozis saSualebiT sakuTar arsTan distancirebis gamovlena iyo~ (gordeziani 2014: 291).

TamaSis Tavisuflebas kidev aqvs erTi SezRudva (pi-robiTad): msaxiobis xelovneba ucnauria imiTac, rom aq Semqmnelica da qmnilebac erTi adamiania, cocxali arseba, Tavad moTamaSe. amasve werda jer kidev 1909 wels frangi msaxiobi benua kostan koklenic (ufrosi), rom msaxiobis iaraRi TviTonve msaxiobia da yvelaferi iqmneba misi xmiT, saxis gamometyvelebiT, JestiT, maneriT, intonaciiT, sxe-uliT... e.i. `Semoqmedebis produqts msaxiobi Tavisi Tavidan, Tavisi pirovnebidan, Tavisi qceviT qmnis~ (naTaZe 1970: 3). amitom, rac unda moindomos, gaeqces sakuTar Tavs, misi SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobani, misi TamaSobis unarebi mainc misive pirovnebiT iqneba gansazRvrulic da SemosazRvru-lic. gmiric rom iyos msaxiobi, TviTnabadi talantic, is ver ganaxorcielebs iseT mxatvrul amocanas, romlis Tvisebac masSi araa. mag.: did tragikosebs uWirT (ar gamosdiT) saxa-siaTo rolebis Sesruleba, albaT, ufro imitom, rom maTSi

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araa Sinagani iumorisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mzaoba. aseT SemTxvevaSi msaxiobi ver gaeqceva sakuTar SesaZleblobebs, sakuTar Tavs.

erTi ram aris sacnauri, xelovneba – TamaSis gziT Seqm-nil saxeTa erToblioba – Tavad aris moCvenebis sfero (ase fiqrobda fr. Sileric). yovel adamianSi da, miT ufro moTa-maSeSi, msaxiobSi ganviTarebulia, ufro sworad, gamZafre-bulia ori sapirispiro sawyisi, ori miswrafeba, ori ltol-va, romlebic mis Sinagan samyaros gansazRvraven:

a) grZnobiTi ltolva;b) ltolva formisadmi (Sdr. rostomaSvili 1977: 13).Cven zemoT vaxseneT h. spenseris `Warbi energiis~ Teoria.

grnobiTi ltolva ganapirobebs swored im did Sinagan su-lier Zalas, TamaSis moTxovnilebas rom aRZravs da iTxovs realizaciisaTvis asparezs. es asparezi bunebrivad gansazR-vravs formebs. forma TavisTavad wesrigia, racionaluri bunebidan momdinare. Sesabamisad, miviRebT xelovnebisaT-vis aucilebeli ori moTxovnis sinTezs – grZnoba da goneba // forma da Sinaarsi // rogor da ratom. am urTierTganma-pirobebel faqtorTa aucilebloba da maT Soris balansi, wonasworoba warmoSobs TamaSis xelovnebas.

xelovani, Semoqmedi drois Sesabamisad cvlis veqtorebs da svams axal aqcentebs. s. stravinskis sityvebia: `cxovreba gviwevs im droSi, romelSic adamianis arsebobis safuZveli ganicdis ryevas. Tanamedrove adamiani kargavs yvelaze mTa-vars – Rirsebisa da samyaros grZnobas~. ratom gaxSirda bolo aTwleulSi qarTul TeatrSi antigonesa da jayos Tema?! aris Tu ara es pasuxi drois gamowvevebze?! – ra Tqma unda, aris! amitom TamaSis fsiqologia (konkretul droSi) iZens socialur-politikur mniSvnelobasac. 1965 wlidan rusTavelis TeatrSi artur mileris `seilemis procesiT~ iwyeba robert sturuas politikuri Teatris istoria. iwye-ba da grZeldeba dResac – cxovrebaSi TiTqmis isev araferi Secvlila, sturuas politikuri aqcentebi isev ar kargavs simwvavesa da cxovelmyofelobas.

TamaSis ostatebi yovelTvis iyvnen didi pirovnebebi, uaRresad rTuli Sinagani struqturiT, wyobiT, konsti-

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tuciiT, magram xasiaTTa es sirTule da ukompromisoba gan-sazRvravda maTs SemoqmedebiTs kredosac.

TamaSis siyvaruli, swrafva maradiuli gardasaxvisken – adamianSi arsebul raRac dauZlevelis daZlevis saSuale-baa. Sesabamisad, am gziT is Tavisufldeba. Tavisufleba ki Sobs upirobo sixarulsa da siamovnebas. amitomac tkbebian TamaSiT Sepyrobilebi. `TamaSSi adamiani yvelaze bednieria, laRia da, amave dros, adamianis nebismieri moqmedeba SeiZle-ba TamaSis formiT momdinareobdes, masSi nebismieri kul-turuli Rirebulebis integracia SeiZleba~ (nodia 1987: 62). swored aseTi mocemulobis gaTvaliswinebiT ambobda i. ha-izinga, rom TamaSi ufro metia, vidre wminda fiziologiuri movlena anda fiziologiurad gansazRvruli Tundac fsiqi-kuri reaqcia (haizinga 2004: 13).

adamianTa TamaSi cxovrebaSi, niRbis problema, rogorc vTqviT, calke kategoriad SeiZleba ganvixiloT, magram es ar aris Cveni msjelobis Tema. araerT msaxiobs vicnobT (ufro Zveli Taobidan), romlebic Zalian morcxvebi arian cxovre-baSi. maT ar SeuZliaT iTamaSon yofaSi, verc repeticiebze gamoirCevian gansakuTrebuli TavganwirviTa da ZalTa bo-lomde xarjviT... TiTqos yvelafers mainc mayureblisTvis inaxaven. iseTma didma tragikosma, rogoric zinaida kveren-CxilaZe iyo, miTxra: morcxvi viyavi, repeticiebsac sanaxev-rod gavdiodi, ZiriTadi mizanscenebi rom dazustebuliyoo. samagierod, bolomde ixarjeboda scenaze, am Tavbrudamxvev umZafres emociebSi icleboda srulad da mTlianad.

nebismier moTamaSes, msaxiobs sakuTari saTqmeli aqvs cxovrebis Sesaxeb. es saTqmeli eZebs gzas da, TavisTavad, aseTi survili ganapirobebs romeliRac konkretuli (jer kidev ganuxorcielebeli) rolisaken swrafvas. am ocnebaSi gadis wlebi. dro ar moqmedebs msaxiobis sasargeblod, sa-magierod, ungrevs mas sulis simSvides, wonasworobas, jan-mrTelobas, cxovrebas... yvela moTamaSes aqvs saocnebo ro-li, magram, samwuxarod, ocnebebi xSirad ar sruldeba. asea, zogadad da, miT ufro, – msaxiobis cxovrebaSi.

magram, roca saocnebo rolTan Sexvedra moxdeba, `Cana-fiqri gadaiqceva garkveul partiturad, gmiris scenuri si-

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cocxlis konkretul gzad – yalibdeba qcevaTa is logika da Tanamimdevroba, is Taviseburi texili, romelic, msaxiobis SexedulebiT, marTebulia da bunebrivi am gmirisTvis~ (uru-SaZe 1976: 5-6). ase `Sexvdnen~ erTmaneTs sesilia TayaiSvili da dedofali elisabedi (`mariam stiuartSi~), giorgi Savgu-liZe da xaritoni (`kolmeurnis qorwinebaSi~). veriko anja-fariZe da ivdiTi (`uriel akostaSi~), zinaida kverenCxilaZe da antigone (`antigoneSi~) da vin moTvlis, kidev ramdeni!

* * *rogor iqmneba scenuri xati?msaxiobi Tavisufalia warmosaxvis, fantaziis proces-

Si, Tumca es Tavisufleba SemosazRvrulia literaturu-li teqstiT. `msaxiobis mxatvruli saxis safuZvelia roli, speqtaklisa – piesa, specialuri literaturuli drama-turgia – mwerlobis sagangebo nairsaxeoba, gankuTvnili TeatrisaTvis, scenisaTvis. am safuZvelze Sendeba sasceno xelovneba~ (uruSaZe 1973: 49). mxatvruli nawarmoebis recef-cia ki kulturologiuri problemaa (kulturul kods ukav-Sirdeba fsiqologiuri, e.w. gamocdilebis kodic), sakmaod rTuli literaturis kvlevis meTodologiebiT Sepirobe-buli. amitom, imTaviTve wamoiWreba moTamaSis, rogorc kargi mkiTxvelisa da interpretatoris, problemac. wigniereba, ganaTleba, siRrmeebisken wvdomis dauokebeli wyurvili, mudmivi TviTkontroli da, amasTanave, alRo, intuicia gan-sazRvraven mxatvruli teqstis recefciis Taviseburebas. maSasadame, msaxiobi (moTamaSe) – teqsti – avtori qmnian mkacrad reglamentirebul wres, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gu-lisxmobs da moicavs reJisorsac da mayurebelsac. TamaSis arsSive Cndeba ansamblurobis, sinTezurobis gardauvalo-bac. amitom, bunebrivad ibadeba SekiTxva: Tavisuflebis ra modusSia ganxorcielebuli TamaSi, anu moTamaSis Tavisu-fleba determinebulia teqstiTa da avtoriT Tu gasulia am farglebidan?! ra aris amosavali – Cemi neba, fiqri, Cemive gonebis aparati da modelebi Tu Tavad teqstidan wamosuli idumali samyaro, dafarul enigmaTa gacxadebis wesrigi?!

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literaturuli nawarmoebis recefciis procesSi ikve-Teba ramdenime etapi: jer erTi, mxatvruli teqstis aRqmisas aRmqmelis warmosaxva ar aris SeboWili esTetikuri sagnis konkretuli formiT. avtori, zogadad, mkiTxvelisagan mo-elis//iTxovs uSualo monawileobas (Sdr. yaralaSvili 1977: 8). msaxiobi uSualodaa CarTuli am TanagancdaSi da mere is iqceva mediatorad avtorsa da farTo mkiTxvels (mayure-bels) Soris, radganac Tavad unda Seqmnas scenuri xati. ami-tomaa aucilebeli msaxiobi flobdes da grZnobdes mxat-vruli teqstis kods, SeeZlos misi gaxsna//axsna. `scenaze personaJTa arsebobis safuZveli aris qmedeba, romelic warmoiqmneba teqstis sityvieri masalis analizis Sedegad~ (arvelaZe 1983: 36). es moiTxovs garkveul unarebs, amitom msaxiobi unda iyos `ganviTarebuli mkiTxveli~, radganac, rac ufro `didi codna da Zlieri warmosaxvis unari gaaC-nia, miT ufro maRalia misi samkiTxvelo kultura, miT ufro mdidari da mravalferovania mxatvruli samyaro, romelsac is aRiqvams~ (yaralaSvili 1977: 12).B bunebrivia, msaxiobs mo-eTxoveba ara mxolod e.w. teqstualuri signalebis Sefase-ba, maTze reagireba, aramed sakuTari Sexedulebis proeqcia nawarmoebSi. es teqstTan dialogis saintereso procesia, reJisoris mier `xeldasxmuli~, Tumca aucileblad msaxiob-Tan erTad gaazrebuli, radgan swored is unda `ganzavdes nawarmoebSi da mxatvruli sinamdvile erTaderT realobad miiCnios~ (iqve: 118).

Teatraluri xelovnebac miiswrafvis raRacis amocno-bisken, wvdomisken. es aris ukve mxatvruli nawarmoebTan (literaturul teqstTan, romelic unda iqces Teatralur teqstad) mimarTebis problemac. recefcia, aRqma, gaazre-ba unda daiwyos refleqsiiT*. amdenad, mxatvruli teqstis hermenevtikis (gageba-gaazrebis) rTul gzaze saWiroa, zust mecnierul meTodologiasTan erTad, fantaziis, gamogone-bis, intuiciis, improvizaciis, formis SegrZnebis, warmosax-vaSi Txzvis, usicocxlo garemoSi sicocxlis danaxvis unar-

* refleqsia ki, garda imisa, rom aris sakuTari azrebisa da gancdebis ana-lizi, Cafiqreba, sakuTari sulis siRrmeebis `moxilva~, sabolood, mainc praqtikis, kulturis, sagnobrivi samyaros gaazrebaa.

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Cvevebi. bernis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, msaxiobmac unda daamuSaos literaturis monacemebi, teqstobrivi faqtura da Seafasos albaToba, rogoria efeqturi urTierTqmedeba gare samyarosTan (berni 1999:).

msaxiobi mediatoria avtorisa da reJisoris naazrevsa da mayurebels Soris. amitom, faqtobrivad, igi CanafiqrTa arsSi wvdomisa da amokiTxvis kargis ostatic unda iyos. man, rogorc m. TumaniSvili ityoda, komentari unda gaukeTos av-tors intonaciiTa da qveteqstiT.

ramdenic unda vuaroT, mainc mivdivarT mxatvruli teqstis Semecnebis problemasTan. arsebobs recipientis (mkiTxvelis) sami done, sami kategoria:

gadamkiTxveli – wamkiTxveli – amomkiTxveli. Sesabami-sad, aseTive SeiZleba iyos msaxiobic: gadamkiTxveli, mxolod siuJets rom mihyveba da, faqtobrivad, ambavi ainteresebs; wamkiTxveli, anu is, vinc detalebsac miaqcevs yuradRebas da amomkiTxveli, romelsac aqvs metis amocnobis, gaazrebis unari. amitomac ganmartavda k. stanislavski: `msaxiobma Se-sasrulebel piesaSi misi ZiriTadi motivis gaxsna unda Ses-Zlos – avtorisaTvis im damaxasiaTebeli SemoqmedebiTi ide-is gaxsna, romelic am nawarmoebis marcvladaa aRiarebuli~ (stanislavski 1950: 101).

erTgan i. haizinga wers, rom (xose ortega gasetisTvis) xelovneba ise, rogorc mTeli literatura, `iluziebis qmnas~, `TamaSs~ niSnavso. am iluzorul, magram msaxiobisTvis bune-briv, pirobiT (Tumca, realurad qceul) samyaroSi moTamaSe gardasaxvis procesSi avtoris stilisa da am stilis gamom-xatveli literaturuli diskursis pirispir dadgeba, rad-gan, rogorc n. uruSaZe wers: `araa sakmarisi, msaxiobi buneb-rivad iqceodes warmosaxul viTarebaSi – msaxiobi bunebrivi unda iyos konkretuli avtoris nawarmoebSi~ (uruSaZe 1976: 4). ra Tqma unda, raRacas ki ar unda TamaSobde, avtoris perso-naJs unda acocxlebde, upirvelesad, imas, rogorc man Seqmna da dawera da ara, rogorc Sen ginda. aqve ikveTeba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani moTxovna: `cxovrebis sinamdvile ar udris scenur sinamdviles. msaxiobis pirovnuli gancdani ar udris

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gansaxierebuli tipis gancdas. tipis gancda unda gamomdina-reobdes misi xasiaTidan da ara misi Semsrulebeli msaxiobis pirovnuli xasiaTidan~ (amaRlobeli 1928: 145).

mixeil TumaniSvili ase urCevda Tavis msaxiobebs: `akeTe rac gsurs, oRond nu acdebi im liandags, romelic erTad gaviyvaneT. Sen tramvai xar, Tavisufali Semoqmedi, magram aucileblad avtoriseul liandagze~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 34). gamodis, rom msaxiobis, moTamaSis Tavisufleba SeuzRuda-via, oRond is ar unda gavides avtoris sivrcidan, piriqiT, man Txzulebis avtoris samyaroSi unda imoqmedos bunebri-vad, gonivrulad, gamomsaxvelad da stilis (Sesabamisad, Jan-ris) gaTvaliswinebiT.

TamaSi scenaze qmnis realobis iluzias. mTavari moTama-Se, msaxiobi, ormagi standartis TamaSSia gaxveuli, radgan misi qmedebis mainspirirebeli mxatvruli nawarmoebia, dra-maturgiuli qmnileba an Teatraluri teqsti. amitom dramis `Txrobis dro~ scenuri `TamaSis drod~ unda iqces. `drama-tuli nawarmoebi ki warmodgenis modusidan grZnobadi aRqmis modusSi unda gadavides da, amrigad, sinamdvilis droul-sivrcul pirobebSi warimarTos~ (hamburgeri 2003: 176). TamaSi moiazreba rogorc brZolis imitacia da is iseTive aucileblobad warmogvidgeba cocxali arsebisTvis, rogor-ic sabrZolo Tvisebaa (Sdr. sigua 2005: 55). Semoqmedeba, anu axlis qmnadoba, TamaSis rTul sistemaSi CarTuli procesia. mwerali TamaSobaSi qmnis sakuTari fantaziisa da fiqris nayofs – teqsts, romelsac `warmosaxvaTa ganamdvilebas~ (s. sigua) uwodeben. weris procesi aris gasvla sakuTari Tavi-dan, gaqceva sakuTari `me~-dan, sxvad qceva, axali iluzo-ruli samyaros mxatvrul-emociur realobad qceva. mwerali qmnis axal sinamdviles – esTetikur anu fiqciur realobas. es imave TamaSis gagrZelebaa. mwerloba sityvasTan da sityve-biT TamaSia – erTob saxifaTo da maRali riskebis Semcve-lic. weris dros sakuTar personaJad qceuli avtoris meore gamTamaSebeli msaxiobia. mwerlis naTamaSevi mxatvruli saxe ukve xorcs isxams msaxiobSi. scenis mTavari moTamaSe saku-Tar arsebaSi daitevs avtorisa (pirveli moTamaSis) da Tavis-

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save gancdils. amitom, scenaze faqtobrivad, ormagi TamaSis `produqts~ viRebT.

msaxiobi literaturul masalas kiTxulobs da gaiazrebs detalebis SerCeviT. misTvis mniSvnelobs ara pirveli done teqstisa, ambavi, aramed ambamde, rogorc garkveul xdomile-bamde, misasvleli mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa rTuli qsovi-lis impulsebi. am procesma unda gamokveTos is, rac sWirdeba an dasWirdeba mas momavali mxatvruli saxis gasacocxleb-lad. aq Tavs iCens pirovnul-individualur TvisebaTa mTe-li gama. moTamaSis interesebis, gancdebis, mentalobis Tavi-sebureba aisaxeba Tavis qmnilebaSi. amitomacaa scenuri saxe yovelTvis daRdasmuli Tavad msaxiobis pirovnuli niSniT. rogorc stanislavski ityoda, mxatvruli saxisken mimavali gza Seni sakuTari Tavidan unda daiwyo. albaT, amitomac iTvleba msaxiobis pirovnuli da SemoqmedebiTi individu-aloba, rogorc ucvleli sidide, saxis Seqmnis safuZvlad (arvelaZe 1984: 49).

msaxiobi (moTamaSe) rTuli fenomenia Tundac imitom, rom igi ar TamaSobs erTgzis. profesiuli Tavisebureba iTxovs imas, rom sxvadasxva xasiaTis, zneobis, profesiis, mdgomare-obis personaJis cxovrebiT icxovro araerTxel. es `cxovre-ba~ Tanacxovrebad iqceva da scenuri gmiris individualuri Taviseburebebis migneba-gaTavisebas gulisxmobs. msaxiobis TamaSi xasiaTis Zebnisa da morgebis TamaSia.

mxatvruli teqstis (ukve naTamaSevi teqsti) recefcia sakmaod did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. msaxiobs sWirdeba Sina-gani meqanizmi imis warsamarTad, rom, rogorme SeZlos da aRidginos avtoris sulieri mdgomareoba maSin, roca qmnida, werda, Txzavda. ra fsiqikur-inteleqtualuri maxasiaTe-blebi gansazRvraven swored im tipis Txzulebis `dabadebas~, romelsac konkretulad axla kiTxulobs. msaxiobma aucile-blad unda SeZlos avtoris emociuri safuZvlebis gansaz-Rvra. aqve unda CavrToT iohan haizingas erTi mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom enis SemoqmedebiTi goni mudam TamaSiT gadadis sagnobrividan azrobrivze. mwerali, upirvelesad, sakuTar warmosaxvasTan, fantaziasTan da, Sesabamisad, sityvebTan

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moTamaSea. gamogonili faqti Tu movlena man unda aqcios emociur sinamdviled. es procesi TamaSiT ganxorcieldeba, sityvaTa TamaSiT, raTa miviRoT xelovnebis umTavresi ka-tegoria – mxatvruli saxe.

Semoqmedeba warmosaxvis Tavisufali TamaSia*. am TamaSSi, `esTetikur WvretaSi~ (i. kanti) ibadeba mxatvruli nawar-moebi. barem aqve vityviT, rom `marqsistul-leninuri esTe-tikis TvalsazrisiT, xelovneba TamaSi ki ara, aramed savse-biT seriozuli adamianuri saqmianobaa~ (rostomaSvili 1977: 106). faqtobrivad, marqsizmis am logikas mivyavarT TamaSis, rogorc kulturis fatoris, uaryofamde. TviT platonic ki TamaSs miiCnevda umaRlesi rangis moRvaweobad. Hhaizin-gas azriT ki, TamaSi aris `TavisTavadi, sakuTrivi raRac... TamaSis uaryofa SeuZlebelia. adamians SeuZlia yovelgvar abstraqciaze Tqvas uari: simarTleze, silamazeze, WeSma-ritebaze, sikeTeze, gonze, RmerTze! seriozulobis uaryo-fa SeiZleba, TamaSisa ki – ara!~ (haizinga 2004: 16).

TavisTavad, mniSvnelovania Cven mier naxsenebi warmosax-vis TamaSi, anu fantaziis TamaSi, radgan is aucileblad gu-lisxmobs adamianis cnobierebis SigniT mimdinare latentur procesebs.

mwerlobac rTuli mxatvruli saxeebisa da warmosaxvebis Tavisufali TamaSia. umberto eko Tavis leqciaTa ciklSi ase gansazRvravs: `literaturuli nawarmoebis kiTxva niSnavs, monawileobde TamaSSi, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs Sevi-mecnoT usasrulo mravalferovneba movlenebisa, romlebic moxda, xdeba an moxdeba realur samyaroSi~ (eko 2002:).

rogori iqmneba poeturi metyveleba? – upirvelesad, sasaubrodan gasvliT, gamijvniT, radgan SeTxzva ukve aris gaTavisufleba yofisagan, materiisgan, misi gadasvla sxva mdgomareobaSi. maSasadame, poeturi xati ibadeba azris, fan-

* xSirad fantazia da warmosaxva identur cnebebad miiCneva, Tumca zogi maT mainc ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan. k. iungi fantazias iluziad miiCnevda, xolo warmosaxvas – mizanmimarTul qmnadobad. Sdr. cercvaZe 2007: 10-22; g. ba-ramiZe warmosaxvas gansazRvravs rogorc Cvens `onto-Teologiur unars, raki mis safuZvelze adamiani upirobosa da usasrulisaken transcendirebs. misi azriT, `warmosaxva Zireuli adamianuri unaria~ (baramiZe 1993: 3-4).

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taziisa da enis Tavisufali TamaSiT. Tumca, `Tavad meta-fora `poeturi samyaro~ migviTiTebs funqcionalur Se-usabamobaze poetur da TamaSebriv mdgomareobaTa Soris~ (kvaWantiraZe 2001: 267).

poeturi ena iluzoruli, ufro swored, droebiTi re-alobaa, emociuri sinamdvilea, romelsac Tavis qronometra-Ji gaaCnia. is droSi dasazRvrulia. misi sazRvrebi konk-retul enobriv // teqstobriv CarCoSia moTavsebuli da, Sinagani kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswinebiT, iTxovs finals, dasasruls. mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi aqtis erTi saxeoba gas-ruldeba, daismeba damamTavrebeli wertili, anu gaformdeba finali, oRond procesebi gagrZeldeba mkiTxvelSi. avtoris Seqmnili kvazirealoba Rrmad pirovnuli, individualuri aqtia da suls daCneuli niSniTaa aRbeWdili – es farulad mimdinare (gaucxadebeli) procesebis niSania. `enis Semoqmedi goni mudam TamaSiT gadadis nivTieridan azriseulze. raime abstraqtulis yoveli gamoxatulebis ukan metafora dgas. yovel metaforaSi ki sityvaTa TamaSia Sezavebuli. ase qmnis kacobrioba arsebulis sakuTar gamoxatulebas~ (haizinga 2004: 17).

poeturi aRmafrena yovelTvis aris pirveli signali imi-saTvis, rom moTamaSe msaxiobma daiwyos meoreul TamaSSi CarTva. poeturoba, Tu r. iakobsons davesesxebiT, am SemTx-vevaSi warmoadgens `Setyobinebis sakuTar formas~. swored am formis xorcSesxma, anu ganxorcieleba, saxed qceva eva-leba moTamaSes. iwyeba TamaSi, romelic, umTavresad, mi-marTulia moTamaSisken. am qmedebaSi yovelTvis igulisxmeba raRac `aramaterialuri elementi~ (haizinga). TamaSi ar aris yovelTvis srulad da bolomde gacnobierebuli aqti. aseT dros mTavaria siamovnebis TviTkmari gancda, romelic euf-leba da mTlianad moicavs moTamaSis pirovnebas. amasTanave, TamaSs SeuZlia moTamaSis damorCileba, misi Cayola-CaTreva TamaSis morevSi. ibadeba eqstazi, TamaSis stiqia!

rogorc aRvniSneT, TamaSis xelovneba rTuli Semoqmede-biTi aqtia, erTdroulad iluzorulic da konkretulic, re-aluric da kvazi-realuric. mas `difuziur sinamdvilesac~

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uwodeben. am sinamdvileSi SegviZlia yvelaferi yvelafrad vaqcioT: joxi – cxenad, Tojina – bavSvad... es TavisTavad niS-navs imasac, rom TamaSis dros saxes, formas vucvliT sinamd-viles. Sesabamisad, icvleba Cveni mentalobac im procesSi, im droSi, yofierebis im mdgomareobaSi, romelsac TamaSi hqvia. magram, msaxiobi, rogorc meore moTamaSe, mxatvruli teqs-tis recefciis procesSi, TamaSobs umTavresad imas da ise, rac Zalian axlobelia misTvis, rac gaSinaganebulia, rac in-teleqtualur da fsiqo-fizikur donemde gacnobierebulia. gardasaxva niWis axlebuli gaelvebaa, anu moTamaSis sulSi arsebulis, oRond aqamde gamouvlenelis gamovlenaa.

TviTon procesi, roca erTi adamiani meore adamianis (rolis) saxiT iwyebs arsebobas, gansakuTrebul fsiqo-fizi-kur aqtivobas gulisxmobs. msaxiobma, SesaZloa, masSi ararse-buli Tvisebebi `SeTxzas~, gadmoitanos an bunebrivi mocemu-lobidan SerCeviTobis, Sesatyvisobis (rolis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare) principiT daiwyos saxedqmnadoba. SesaZlebe-lia, misTvis uCveulo (Tviseba, xasiaTi, azrovnebis Tavise-bureba...) Cveulebrivad iqces – rolis gavleniT Seecvalos xmis tembri, intonacia, qcevis, moqmedebis plastika. plas-tikuri naxazi... araSeneuli unda iqces bunebriv, organul nawilad. Aaq aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT erTi ucna-urobac: pozis, maneris, xmis, leqsikisa da qcevis sxva aspeq-tebis Secvla (TamaSSi) iwvevs cvlilebebs fsiqikaSic. marTa-lia, es TiTqmis SeumCneveli procesia, magram, Tu msaxiobi yofaSi, realobaSi didi xniT cxovrobs personaJis cxovre-biT, maSin mas gamoumuSavdeba da cxovrebis normad eqceva naTamaSevi gmiris qceviTi formebi. giorgi tovstonogovi fiqrobda, rom TviT rolze muSaobis procesSic ki msaxiobs ecvleba azrovnebis struqtura, damokidebuleba gare samya-rosadmi da arsebobis ritmi.

rogorc ukve vTqviT, msaxiobi scenaze meoreuli gancdiT TamaSobs. jer erTi, misi personaJi ukve erTxel gaTamaSebu-lia mwerlis mier. msaxiobi ki emociuri safuZvlis wyalobiT, Tundac emociuri mexsierebis saSualebiT, scenaze xelaxla gadaiTamaSebs, gaacocxlebs Tavis warmosaxvaSi arsebul

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adamians, romelic axla moqmedi personaJia speqtaklis kva-zirealur sivrceSi. amitom, ^TamaSi seriozulobaSi gadadis da seriozuloba iqceva TamaSad! aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ne-bismieri scenuri gancda ukve ganmeorebiTi da mravaljera-di qmedebaa. am cnobier Tu zogjer aracnobier procesSi umTavres rols TamaSobs e.w. emociuri maxsovroba, nacnobi, magram xelaxla bunebrivad aRdgenili.

axlis qmnadobis procesi matarebelia `esTetikuri im-pulsisa~ (fr. Sileri), – esaa erTi didi siamovnebaca da eq-stazic, magram TamaSi, rogorc sasurveli Tavisufleba, aTavisuflebs aracnobiers da qmnis cnobier logikur wes-rigsac. Tumca, xelovnebaSi wesrigi ar gaiazreba mizez-Sedegobrivis Cveulebriv formad. TamaSebrivi `uwesrigoba~ scenur sivrceSi esTetikur wesrigad iqceva.

msaxiobis gardasaxva, personaJad (sxvad) qceva uSualo-daa dakavSirebuli literaturul mistifikaciasTan. mwer-lis niRabi rogorc gardasaxvis meTodi, gza, xerxi, forma, TamaSis wesi gauTviTcnobierebeli mkiTxvelis mier ver Se-imecneba. amitom qarTuli literaturuli sinamdvilisT-vis Tundac paolo iaSvilis `elene darianis dRiurebi~, ro-gorc TamaSis axali wesebi avtorisgan, zogisTvis dRemde araadekvaturi recefciis sagania. gaucnobierebeli darCa poeturi ciklis leqsikuri gradaciebic, `mamakacuri si-naze-vnebac~ da gansxvavebuli esTetikuri mgrZnobelobac(kvaWantiraZe 2001: 241). Tu mwerals SeuZlia qalad iqces, mkiTxvelmac unda miiRos aseTi gamowveva da adekvaturad Seafasos es mistifikacia, niRbiT gataceba. aseTi literatu-ruli TamaSi zustad Seesatyviseba, zogadad, TamaSis fsiqo-logiasa da xasiaTs. es aris azrisa da sityvis gadaTamaSeba (Tundac epataJuri), magram mkacrad gansazRvruli da reg-lamentirebuli im saerTo modeliT, romelsac TamaSis es-Tetika moiTxovs.

msaxiobis xelovneba mkacrad drosivrculia, mayureb-lisTvis gankuTvnili da, Sesabamisad, – efemeruli. TamaSis saswauli iqmneba mayureblis Tvalwin, iqmneba manam, vidre msaxiobi moqmedebs, `sanam mimdinareobs misi qceva scenaze~

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(r. naTaZe), radgan speqtaklis damTavrebisTanave sruldeba TamaSis erTi aqti da gancdac. msaxiobs evaleba cxovrebi-seuli gancda (tkivili, sixaruli, uimedoba, eWvi...) ganasx-vaos scenuri gancdisagan. es imas niSnavs, rom realobidan, cxovrebidan aRebuli Tu miRebuli, cxovrebaSi dagrovebu-li gancdebi iqces samuSao masalad, romelic, aucileblo-bis gaTvaliswinebiT, gaivlis filtrs da moeqceva logikur konstruqciaSi. am procesSi mxolod msaxiobi araa CarTuli. marTalia, isaa ZiriTadi, magram arseboben sxva inspiratore-bic, upirvelesad reJisori, romelic, amave dros, mxatvruli teqstisa da sakuTari interpretaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, raRac models sTavazobs moTamaSes. is qmnis TamaSis saer-To scenur atmosferosac. ar dagvaviwydes, TamaSi hgavs re-alurs, Tumca araa realoba, rogorc revaz naTaZe ambobs: `namdviliseburia, magram ara – namdvili~ (naTaZe 1970: 198). aq butaforia, dekoracia, warmosaxuli samyaroa: adamianebi ixocebian, magram speqtaklis damTavrebisTanave madlobis mosaxdelad Tavs xrian mayurebelTa winaSe. mayurebeli iRebs aseT pirobiTobas (iluzorulobas).

moTamaSe msaxiobis moqmedeba scenaze, anu Tavad es Ta-maSi, determinirebulia ori mocemulobiT: man unda ganasa-xieros piesis mixedviT da reJisoris mier SerCeuli Tu ga-dawyvetili mizansceniT. msaxiobma unda SeZlos adekvatu-ri ganwyobis gamomuSaveba Tavdapirvelad literaturul teqstSi mocemuli personaJis//rolis mimarT da, amasTa-nave, speqtaklis mTlian mxatvrul qsovilSi reJisoris mier mofiqrebuli mizanscenebis mimarTac. amitomac gansazRvra revaz naTaZem: ̀ gardasaxvis fsiqologiur safuZvels scenaze warmodgenilis Sesatyvisi ganwyobebis SemuSaveba Seadgens~ (naTaZe 1970: 198).

teqstis qveteqsti ver gaiSifreba, Tu msaxiobs elemen-taruli unarebi ar aRmoaCnda mxatvruli qsovilis Sesamec-neblad. yovel literaturul qmnilebaSi kodirebuli e.w. `azriTi warmonaqmnebi~ gaazrebuli unda iyos konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT. teqstis – qveteqstis – konteqstis erTi-anoba erTi dialeqtikuri procesia. `didi mniSvneloba eniWe-

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ba kodebis amocnobasa da dekodirebis process nawarmoebis gagebisaTvis~ (yaralaSvili 1977: 127). sirTules isic qmnis, rom teqsti, situacia, rogorc niSani, mravalmxrivaa gasaaz-rebeli. is aris raRac dakargulis gacxadeba, avtoris fsiqo-emociuri da sulier-inteleqtualuri sawyisis, sazrisis enobrivi mocemuloba.

`saxli saTamaSoÁs~ mTavari binadari, msaxiobi, rekon-struqtoria. is trialebs Seqmnilis (mxatvruli teqsti) wreSi da kvlav qmnis meore mxatvrul sinamdviles; litera-turul teqsts aqcevs Teatralur teqstad; literaturul siuJets gaacocxlebs scenur drosa da sivrceSi. am gziT `msaxiobebi xdebian pirovnebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT Seq-mnan scenaze `adamianis sulisa da sxeulis~ cxovrebis dama-jerebeli, marTlmagvari suraTi~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 143).

sxvaTa Soris, hermenevtikis filosofiaSi cnobilia ori meTodologiuri mimarTuleba:

a) gramatikuli, istoriuli da komparativistuli rekonstruqcia;

b) intuiciuri rekonstruqcia.es ukanaskneli, ase Tnamdevi samsaxiobo xelovnebisaT-

vis, imitomac mniSvnelobs, rom mxatvruli teqstis `inter-pretatori, cxadia, ver moaxerxebs avtoris msoflmxedve-lobrivi Tu stilisturi maneris srulyofilad aRdgenasa da SeTvisebas, Sesabamisad, interpretaciis procesis war-marTvisTvis igi saWiroebs konkretuli masalis intuiciur wvdomas. rekonstruqciis am tipis Tanaxmad, interpretato-ri Semoqmedis TanaSemqmnelad iqceva~ (ratiani 2008: 116).

* * *`tyuili simarTle~, rogorc Teatraluri xelovnebis

arsi, bevr rames scems pasuxs. aq Tavs iyris warmosaxvis, ga-monagonis, fantaziis, iluziis mTeli kaskadi. amitom apri-orulad Tanxmdeba yvela, rom TamaSic da mxatvruli nawar-moebis Seqmna SeuZliaT mxolod gansakuTrebuli (SeTxzvis) talantiT dajildoebulebs. mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia s. amaR-lobelis dakvirveba: `fsiqo-fizikur pirovnebaSi mocemuli

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masaliT da momentaluri Semoqmedebis gziT literatoris (dramaturgis an scenaristis) mier mocemuli tipis gansaxi-ereba; darCena `me~-d da gardaqmna `sxvad~, ara `me~-d – ai, Zi-riTadi principi msaxiobobisa~ (amaRlobeli 1928: 120).

TamaSis xelovneba scenaze, umravles SemTxvevaSi, mo-iTxovs TanamoTamaSeebs. am mxriv scenuri TamaSi Zalian axlosaa mwerlur TamaSTan, radgan, TviT mxatvruli teqsti moTamaSeebs hkarnaxobs erTianobas. scenaze moTamaSeebic dialogSi arian erTmaneTTan. es gadaTamaSeba erTgvari me-tafizikuri SegrZnebaa, ararsebulis – realobad, tyuilis – sinamdviled gamocxadeba, sicruis sibrZnea. scenaze ga-nicdian SemoqmedebiTad. aq, rogorc n. Cerkorski werda: `ar vgrZnobT arc simwares, arc sasowarkveTas... arc daniT miyenebul tkivils... tyvia ar gvklavs. scenuri gancda – Se-moqmedebiTi gancdaa~ (uruSaZe 1976: 11).

Teatralur xelovnebaSi, repeticiebze scenur sivrceSi xSirad gaismis `mjera, ar mjera~. damajereblobis miRweva, anu kargad moatyuo mayurebeli, ostatobis sakiTxia, rome-lic mxolod teqnikuri monacemebis (xelobis) srulyofiT ar miiRweva. Tu WeSmariti moTamaSe xar, unda SeZlo Cemi mo-tyueba, unda damajero, rom Seni yvela gancda marTalia. amitomaa scenuri simarTlis miRweva yvelaze rTuli da, Se-sabamisad, iSviaTi saTeatro xelovnebaSi. asea mxatvruli teqstis SemTxvevaSic. is Seqmnis iseT realobas, daxatavs im tipis emociur sinamdviles, rom Tanamonawiles gagxdis, CagrTavs moqmedebaTa procesSi da gamoiwvevs Sens gancdebs. mkiTxvelis sulis SeZvra didostatebs SeuZliaT. mayure-belTa `hipnozirebac~ erTeulTa xvedria.

ra mizani SeiZleba hqondes TamaSs? – upirvelesi mainc ax-lis qmnadobaa, miuxedavad imisa, rom msaxiobi xandaxan piri-qiT, Zvels da tradiciuls TamaSobs. axali imTaviTve iTxovs (an upirispirdeba) Zvels. es binaruli opozicia, Zveli-axali, SemoqmedebiTTan erTad, gajibrebis muxtis matarebelia. ax-lis qmnadobis survili yovelTvis ar gulisxmobs ZvelTan dapirispirebas an mis uaryofas, Tumca erTgvari gamowvevaa Zvelisa, arsebulisa. tradiciis ganviTarebaa isic, roca ic-

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vleba aqcentebi, roca raRac gadaadgildeba garkveuli kom-binaciiT da miiReba Tanamedrove, axal realobas morgebuli – socialur-politikuri da pragmatul-esTetikuri moTx-ovnebiT ganpirobebuli. TamaSs axlavs sakuTar, namdvil da arqaul saxesTan dabrunebis, gancdis SegrZneba – swored, SegrZnebisa da ara aRqmis doneze – rom me axla me var; an ra-Rac saerTos vekuTvni. moTamaSe samyaros nawilad SegrZnobs Tavs. am dros cocxldeba raRac sruliad gaucnobierebeli, uRrmesi, Tavdapirveli, samyaros pirveladi formebis msgav-si mdgomareoba. TamaSi, SesaZloa, am msgavsebis gaxsenebac iyos: gaxseneba imisa, rom saerTo sawyisidan movdivarT, rom sadRac, odesRac saerTo materias warmovadgendiT, romelic gadioda da brundeboda sakuTar TavSi cimcimiT, rxeviT... TamaSobs yvelaferi: cxovelic, talRac. TamaSi materiis Ta-visuflebis raRac forma Tu saxeobaa. enis TamaSebriv mdgo-mareobas gamoxatavs poeturi ena, gansakuTrebiT – metafora. enobrivi TamaSi sakuTar TavTan RvTiuri Zalebis mosinjvis impulsad iqna aRqmuli, amasTanave, `RvTaebrivis emanaciis Seyovneba SemoqmedebiT aqtSi, TamaSSi – aq, am moedanze, am dafasTan, am situaciaSi Tu am magidasTan – ai, TamaSebrivi aqtebis mizani~ (kvaWantiraZe 2001: 272).

TamaSs axlavs Tavdaviwyebis saSiSi gancda. sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, zogjer warmosaxvaSi arsebuli ufro Zlieri aRmoCndeba, vidre – realuri. aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTia, magram mainc Tan axlavs xolme scenur TamaSebs. amboben, ser-go zaqariaZe xSirad ise SeiWreboda rolSi, Tavdaviwyebamde midioda da kargavda zRvars realursa da scenurs (Sesabami-sad, gamonagons, warmosaxuls) Soris. Teatris istoriisTvis cnobili faqtia ararealurisadmi realurad ganwyoba. amis sailustraciod n. uruSaZes mohyavs erTi magaliTi ermolo-vas SemoqmedebiTi praqtikidan: `riCard mesamis~ erT-erT repeticiaze Semoitanes kubo, raTa ledi ana ukanasknelad gamomSvidobeboda qmars. reJisoris TanaSemwes kuboSi maimu-nis fituli Caudevs. ermolovas repeticia uCveulo gznebiT Cautarebia. garSemo yvela tiroda. darcxvenil asistents patieba uTxovia msaxiobisTvis `suleluri xumrobis~ gamo.

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gakvirvebul ermolovas ver gaugia: romel xumrobaze me-laparakebio – mas ar daunaxavs kuboSi maimunis fituli. is xedavda sayvarel qmars, romelic arsebobda mxolod mis warmosaxvaSi, magram warmosaxviT danaxuli ufro Zlieri aR-moCnda, vidre – realurad arsebuli. amitom, ganwyobac war-mosaxulisadmi aRmocenda (uruSaZe 1976: 13).

msaxiobi muSaobs – es gamoTqma apriorulad gulisxmobs imas, rom msaxiobi rolze muSaobs, anu muSaobs misi fantazia, warmosaxva (sxvaTa Soris, d. aleqsiZe rolze muSaobis or sa-fuZvels gamohyofs: emociur mexsierebasa da SemoqmedebiTs fantazias). aseT dros, rac ufro Rrmaa moTamaSis sulieri samyaro da azrovnebis masStabi, miT ufro vuaxlovdebiT kidev erT specifikur niSans – rolSi gaTqvefas. es zogjer faruli riskia didi Sinagani Zalis mqone msaxiobisaTvis. gardasaxva, sxvadqceva aRwevs iseT masStabebs, rom iSleba zRvari realursa da gamogonils Soris. aseT SemTxvevaSi, – TavdaviwyebaSi – Cndeba esTetikuri problema.

sxvadqceva, gardasaxva (rogorc msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi meTodi), upirvelesad, gulisxmobs Sinagan feriscvalebas, `subieqtis gardaqmnas~ (r. naTaZe) da ara garegnul saxecvli-lebas. dimitri uznaZis kvalobaze Tu vityviT, e.w. roluri TamaSis dros ZiriTadi yuradReba mainc `mes~ cvlilebebzea mimarTuli. transformacia-metamorfoza rTuli fsiqikuri procesia da scenuri qcevebis faruli meqanizmebis povnas gulisxmobs. Tu g. tovstonogovs davujerebT, gardasaxvis-Tvis sami ramaa aucilebeli: azrovnebis Tavisebureba, damo-kidebuleba samyarosadmi da arsebobis ritmi. amdenad, samive es faqtori ufro Sinagania da ar saWiroebs sagangebod grim-sa Tu niRabs. TamaSma icis miCveva. SeCveva icis Senma gmir-mac da mere ise gaiTaviseb, rom Zneli gasamijni xdeba, sad mTavrdeba misi da sad iwyeba Seni, pirovnuli. imdenad iyo ga-tacebuli sakuTari antigoneTi z. kverenCxilaZe, rom ambob-da: lamis biologiuri zizRi gamiCnda boris wifurias mimarT (wifuria `antigoneSi~ Cafars TamaSobda) da Zlivs moverie da davZlie es grZnobao. `antigones~ premieridan 30 wlis Sem-deg ki dawera wigni `Cemi antigone~, romelic ase daamTavra:

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`30 welia, gverdidan ar mSordeba. miWirs Tu milxins, Sin Tu gareT – yvelgan CemTan aris. velaparakebi monatrebuli siy-varuliTa da sinaziT, radgan dResac bevri gvaqvs salapara-ko, gadasawyveti. me igi Zalian miyvars da mWirdeba, rogorc axlobeli, rogorc magaliTi da rogorc Tanamoazre~ (kve-renCxilaZe 2003: 102). aseTi damokidebuleba rolis mimarT araa iSviaToba da, SesaZloa, bevri gasagebi faqtoriTac aix-snas, Tumca, ararealuris, gamogonilis realurad qcevis SemTxvevaa. iqneb, arc iyos yovelTvis aseTi cxovreba ilu-ziad gaazrebuli!!! es SemTxveva aris niSani imisa, Tu saTa-maSo mdgomareoba rogor gadaizrdeba refleqsiaSi. lite-raturuli gmiriT cxovreba realobidan gaqceva an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, TviTmarginalizaciaa. scenuri sivrce gulis-xmobs, moiazrebs Tavis antipods – realur sivrces, realur samyaros. realobisgan gaqceva an daTmoba eqsistencialur problemebs ukavSirdeba. TamaSi xSirad aris TviTgadarCena, Sinmyofoba, sakuTari eqsistentis gaTavisufleba amaoebis marwuxisagan. amitom msaxioboba, anu TamaSis xelovneba, aris vneba da siyvaruli, dausrulebeli swrafva Tavisuflebisa-ken, Sesabamisad, – mudmivi mRelvareba, SfoTi, dinamika da Zieba.

TamaSis stiqia yofiTi cxovrebis mimarT janys awyobs – upirispirdeba erTferovnebas, merkantilizms, farisev-lobas... sakuTari Seumdgarobis, martoobis, sxvagan yofnis SegrZnebebs. amitomac bunebrivia, rom `TamaSSi CaZirva niS-navs, aRar ikiTxo, sinamdvilea Tu ara is, radgan yvelaferi, rac TamaSis dros xdeba da TamaSiT SeigrZnob, aranakleb utyuari, ufro meti da WeSmariti mniSvnelobis Semcvelia, vidre is, rasac `seriozuli~ cxovreba gvTavazobs (kvaWanti-raZe 2001: 275).

* * *TamaSSi, iluziaSi, tyuilSi arsebuls sasurveliT vcvliT.

esaa erTgvari TviTnugeSi da TviTgadarCenis impulsic. al-baT es impulsi, rogorc warmosaxvis produqti, cvlis re-alobas. Secvlili realobaa Tavad is adgili, romelSic Tama-

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Si unda Sedges, sadac Teatraluri sanaxaoba unda gaimarTos. Teatraluri xelovnebis aseT adgils Teatri ewodeba. nurc is dagvaviwydeba, rom qarTveli adamiani Teatrs gamoxatavda sintaqsuri SesityvebiT: `saxli saTamaSoÁ~. sulxan-saba or-beliani ganmartavs: ̀ TamaSa TaTrulad sanaxavsa hqvian, xolo TamaSoba qarTulad mRera-SeqcevaTa saxlia~ (sulxan-saba 1991: 298). TamaSobas imTaviTve daukavSirda sanaxaoba-Seqce-va. msaxiobis TamaSi sanaxaobad unda iqces da am ukanasknelma unda gaitacos, Seiqcios mayurebeli. `saxli saTamaSoÁ~ – es sintaqsuri wyvili `zustad gamoxatavs imas, rac xelovnebis am dargis mudmivi Tvisebaa – mas aucileblad aqvs sakuTari adgilsamyofeli da saTqmels iq ambobs, ambobs TamaSiT, radgan saTqmeli viTomuria, SeTxzulia, xelovnebiseuli~ (uruSaZe 1999: 3). es `viTom~ aris is `aucilebeli momenti, romelic yvela `asaxvaze~ damyarebuli xelovnebis saxes ax-lavs, Tan `viTom~ aris asaxulis aranamdvilobis garantia~ (bokuCava 1991: 32). TamaSs axlavs erTi saintereso Tvisebac – TamaSis dros iqmneba, ra Tqma unda, axali sinamdvile cxov-rebis, arsebobis, eqsistenciis axali formebiT. `cxovrebis kargad gatarebac~ platons TamaSad miaCnda, cxovreba Ta-maSiT unda iyos savse, msxverpli unda Seswiro, imRero da icekvoo.

yvela drois yvelanair TeatrSi ucvleli iyo erTi mTa-vari xazi – mayurebelTaTvis cxovrebas warmoadgendnen Tam-aSiT, anu mTavari moTamaSeni TamaSiT iwvevdnen mayurebelTa TanagrZnobas, moqmedebdnen maTs fiqrebsa da sulze. am e.w. aRmzrdelobiT funqcias aucileblad axlda esTetikuri gancda, romlis gareSec xelovnebaze saubari, ubralod, war-moudgenelia. ufro metic, d. uznaZis Tanaxmad, esTetikuri tkboba TviT wuTisofelze, amaoebaze amaRlebisa da univer-sumTan ziarebis saxeobaa da is Tavisi arsiT Semoqmedebaa.

TamaSis xelovneba orgvari tkbobaa – Semqmneli (Tu Semqm-nelebi) ganicdis udides siamovnebas da amasve unawilebs mayurebels. TamaSis survilic (dauZleveli) da niWic mainc amouxsneli saswaulia. zogjer arc isaa mTlad gasagebi, am-den mayurebels, amden ̀ motyuebul~ adamians ratom sWirdeba,

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Tavi igrZnos TamaSis monawiled, ratom vityuebT Tavs, gana ra gvRrRnis aseTi SigniT – miuwvdomis wvdomisken swrafva-Ta es procesi Tu TviTSemecnebis utyuari iaraRi?!

`saxli saTmaSoÁs~ umTavresi funqcia, albaT, isaa, rom daaviwyos mayurebels ficarnagis realoba da aaRelvos, ga-itacos, Caafiqros – Secvalos, CarTos dResaswaulSi. `war-modgena ganumeorebeli, transistoruli, wamieria, rac ar iZleva `meorejer~ naxvis SesaZleblobas~ (inasariZe 1995: 905). mokled, aq yvelaferia Tavmoyrili imisTvis, rom xe-lovnebis saufloSi iyo, grZnobde, ganicdide da, amave dros, aanalizebde yofierebas, Sens adgils am samyaroSi. mayureb-liseuli gancdis iluzia (igive scenis prezensi – moCvene-biTi dro) ukavSirdeba aRqmuli fiqciisaTvis (rac scenaze xdeba) aRqmadi sinamdvilis saxis micemas. `dramatuli Tama-Sis fiqcias axasiaTebs tendencia da SesaZleblobani, mi-iRos im sinamdvilis saxe, romelic mayureblis sinamdvilis analogiuria~ (hamburgeri 2003: 183). rogorc unda gvesmodes sityva `Teatri~ (Tundac is ukavSirdebodes piter bruki-seul oTx mniSvnelobas: mkvdari, wminda, uxeSi da uSualo (bruki 1984: 3), saTamaSo saxls mainc Tavisi mkacrad regla-mentebuli esTetika ayalibebs. rTulia am kanonebSi wvdoma, radgan uCveulo da ucnauria Tavad Semoqmedebis specifika. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, mTavari moTamaSe-msaxiobi aris ada-miani, romelic qmnis sakuTari sxeuliT, sakuTari Tavisgan, sakuTari fsiqikisgan xelovnebis nawarmoebs, magaliTad: Tu fermweris (mxatvris) masala saRebavi da tiloa, xolo misi iaraRi – funji; mwerlis masala sityvaa, instrumenti ki – ka-lami da qaRaldi... Teatraluri xelovnebis masala cocxali adamiania. rogorc dodo aleqsiZe ityoda, msaxiobma misi sxeulidan unda gamoZerwos sxva sxeuli.

`saxli saTamaSoÁs~ mTavari moTamaSe msaxiobia, anu arse-ba, romelSic ori adamiani moiazreba – erTi Semoqmedi, meore – misi masala. `pirveli maTgani Caifiqrebs saxes, romelic unda ganasaxieros, meore ki axorcielebs Canafiqrs. es or-bunebovneba msaxiobis damaxasiaTebeli niSania~ (koklen-ufrosi: 127). s. amaRlobels ki Semoaqvs terminebi: `pirveli

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me da meore me~. misi azriT, `rCeba pirveli me, rogorc Semoq-medi da kontroli Semoqmedebisa; isaxeba meore me, rogorc Seqmnili, sxvisi tanjvisa da mxiarulebis matarebeli, sxvisi azrisa da grZnobebis momcemi. kargi msaxiobia is, vinc erT-sa da imave dros aris is, rac TviTon aris da aris isic, rac TviTon ar aris e.i. aris `me~ Semoqmedi da aris `me~ Semqmneli, me Semoqmedi, rogorc kontroli me Seqmnilze~ (amaRlobeli 1928: 120). msaxiobis SemTxvevaSi pirovnuli `me~ zogjer gani-xileba, rogorc sakuTari scenuri gmiris maZiebel variaci-aTa mizani, rogorc invarianti. `msaxiobma unda aRmoaCinos is Ria forma, romelSic adamianis `me~ zRvardaudeblad gaixsneba~ (doliZe 2000: 69).

grigol robaqiZe msaxiobis xelovnebas `sxvaSi sakuTaris Seqmnas~ uwodebs: `ganicado raime ise, rom dacalo masSi Seni Tavi, e.i. Seqmna Tavi sakuTari, Seqmna am `sxvaSi~ (robaqiZe 2005: 263). aseTi logika gveubneba, rom msaxiobis xelovneba aris gasvla pirovnebidan sxvaSi. msaxiobi iRebs sxvis saxes, romelSic Slis TavisTavs.

yovelgvari TamaSi iwyeba Tavis saTamaSo sivrceSi, Tavis saTamaSo moedanze, romelsac, rogorc araerTxel vTqviT, `saxli saTamaSoÁ~ uwodes qarTvelebma. es saxli imTaviTve moiTxovs `aqamde ararsebuli cxovrebis warmoqmnas. swored aq, am iluzorul sivrceSi, am garemoSi, am kedlebSi da, Ta-nac, rac mTavaria, mayurebelTa Tvalwin xdeba adamianuri sulis anatomireba da demonstrireba, cxovrebis arsis mo-delireba~ (TumaniSvili 2004: 136). gamogonili, SeTxzuli si-namdvile, – scenuri simarTle xiblavs da atyvevebs mayure-bels, masSi xedavs Zalze yofiTsac da idumalsac. Teatri jer kidev mniSvnelobs adamianTa modgmisTvis, maSasadame, TamaSi grZeldeba, anu grZeldeba azrovnebis Tavisufle-bac. viTomuris, gamogonilis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovan daskvnas gvTavazobs piter bruki: `cxovrebaSi `Tu~ fiqciaa, TeatrSi ki – eqsperimenti. cxovrebSi `Tu~ Tavis daZvrenis cdaa, Te-atrSi – simarTle. roca am simarTles virwmunebT, Teatri da cxovreba erTiandeba xolme – es maRali mizania, magram Zal-ze Znelia misi miRweva. TamaSi did Sromas moiTxovs, magram

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roca Sromas TamaSad ganvicdiT, es ukve Sroma aRar aris. TamaSi TamaSia~ (bruki 1984: 153).

msaxiobi daavadebulia, Sepyrobilia TamaSis surviliT. ratom?

a) mas awuxebs Sinagani energia da TamaSi am `zedmetisgan~ aTavisuflebs;

b) misi fsiqika mowyobilia ise, rom obieqtur garemosTan, realobasTan, sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebis saSualebaa Ta-maSi, anu samyarosTan dialogSi Sedis TamaSis gziT;

g) TamaSSi swavloben TavianT warsuls, arkveven dRevan-delobasa da ukavSirdebian momavalsac.

jorj skotis mixedviT, TamaSi niSnavs dakvirvebas, mibaZ-vas. amasTanave, aRmoCndeba, rom TamaSSi SesaZlebelia raRac cxovrebiseuli procesebis modelirebac.

araerTi sirTulis pirispir dgeba moTamaSe – msaxiobi, maTgan umTavresia bunebrivi da adekvaturi qmedeba warmo-saxul, navaraudev, viTom realurad arsebul situaciaSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi, msaxiobma literaturuli wyaro qmedebad unda aqcios – unda gaacocxlos, STahberos suli, manera, moZ-raoba, mzera, Rimili, intonacia – yvela is Tviseba, romlebic adamianurs xdis realobas. sasceno xelovnebaSi mTavaria jer moqmedeba da Semdeg – sityva (moqmedebaze aRmocenebuli sityva), Tumca, rogorc mixeil TumaniSvili ambobda, zogjer teqstic moqmedebaa.

ras aRar vTamaSobT pataraobidanve. TamaSSi da TamaSiT Semodis cxovreba Cvens cnobierebaSi. rogorc amboben, siy-rmesa da zogjer siWabukeSi vTamaSobT scenebs Cveni momava-li cxovrebidan: zogi – didobanas, zogic – maswavlebloba-nas, xSirad – omobanas da a. S. magram, sabednierod, dgeba asaki, roca TamaSi wydeba. ramdenad komikuri iqneba, Tun-dac 18 wlis gogona isev TojinebTan erTobodes. maSasadame, TamaSidan gamosvla normad iTvleba yvela SemTxvevaSi, gar-da msaxiobis profesiisa. is bavSvobaSi, anu TamaSSi CarCeni-ladac SegviZlia moviazroT. msaxiobis SemTxvevaSi bavSvobis damTavrebis Semdeg unda daibados meore cxovreba – Tama-Sis cxovreba, romelsac Tan axlavs Tavisi upirobo wesrigi.

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aqedan isic gamomdinareobs, rom msaxiobis arsebaSi Tavad cxovreba TamaSobs da es TamaSi scenaze cxovrebadve iqceva. msaxiobi, anu TamaSiT Sepyrobili arseba, Tavisufldeba cxovrebiseuli tvirTisagan (garda im nevrotikuli daZabu-lobisa, romlis Sesaxebac froidi saubrobs), radganac arc Tu iSviTad misi ararealizebulis (ocneba, swrafva, mizani) realizebaa TamaSi. Tu cotaTi gavarTulebT am azrs, mivalT im daskvnamde, rom misTvis cxovrebiseuli tanjva, SesaZloa, TamaSiT iqces siamovnebad.

tragikulia msaxiobis profesia Tavisi efemerulobis gamo (rogorc araerTxel Tqmula amis Sesaxeb). amasTanave, msaxiobi, Tavisi arsiT, matarebelia erTgvari kodirebuli informaciisa. mravlis mTqmelia es Setyobineba, radgan erT-droulad asaxavs mwerliseuls, reJisorisa da Tavad msaxi-obiseuls. maSasadame, msaxiobi itevs informaciul sistemas, romelsac gaTamaSebis (zogjer – gadaTamaSebis) gziT mo-itans mayureblamde.

* * *TamaSis xelovnebis am ucnaurobas, mTel am saswauls,

dResaswaulsa da magiur Zalas qmnis swored niWis is uCve-ulo Tavisebureba, gardasaxva rom ewodeba.

gardasaxvis niWi vnebaa, – mravalmxrivi da mravalwaxna-govani. igi efuZneba literaturul masals da amoizrdeba misgan rogorc qmedeba, rogorc xorcSesxmuli cocxali saxe – avtoriseuli niSniT daRdasmuli. ra Tqma unda, teqstis gagebisa da, amis Sedegad, misi interpretaciis unari yvela-ze ufro faseulia am profesiaSi.

dimitri aleqsiZe msaxiobisTvis aucilebel or Tvise-baze miuTiTebda: gulwrfeloba da simarTle (aleqsiZe 1977: 21). rodesac vsaubrobT scenur simarTleze, maqsimalur gulwrfelobasa da warmosaxul situaciaSi bunebrivad moq-medebaze, aqve unda aRvniSnoT intonaciis sizustec. radgan msaxiobi `sityvis momtani~, avtoriseuli informciis gad-momcemi da ambis ganmmartavia, man, upirvelesad, unda SeZ-los metyvelebis bunebriobis miRweva.

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ra Tqma unda, normalur SemTxvevaSi, Teatraluri xe-lovneba speqtakliT SemogvTavzebs avtoris umTavresi kon-cefciis gaTvaliswinebiT gaazrebul qmnilebas, Tumca es ar iqneba//ver iqneba teqstis interpretaciis mxolod erTi, anu avtoriseuli, varianti. ramdeni reJisoric dadgams, imdeni varianti Seiqmneba, oRond, aq aucileblad unda SevniSnoT, rom xelovanis misia ar aris problemebis irgvliv msjelo-ba, – es scdeba am sferosa da sxva sibrtyeze gadainacvlebs.. dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xelovnebis, `mxatvruli Semoqmedebis fundaments warmosaxvis, fantaziisa da emoci-aTa sferos aqtivireba da kognituri, SemecnebiTi porocesebis (azrovneba da aRqma) rolis Sesusteba agebs da ayalibebs. Se-sabamisad, Semoqmedeba ara mxolod ukavSirdeba aracnobier fenomens, aramed swored am fenomeniT aixsneba~ (mircxulava 2010: 102).

Semoqmedi `mxatvrul formaSi gvTavazobs problemis gadawyvetis sakuTar versias~ (uruSaZe 1999: 12) da ase am-kvidrebs sakuTar Tvalsazriss. am gziT Semoaqvs sakuTari koncefcia. rogorc folkneri ityoda: xelovneba Semoqme-dis temperamentSi gatarebuli sinamdvilea, romlis ganmsaz-Rvreli Sinagani dinamika unda iyos. dinamikas, ritms Tavisi plastikuri xazi esaWiroeba, plastika meryeobas gulisx-mobs, es ukanaskneli msaxiobis Sinagan smenas ukavSirdeba, smena mzeras warmarTavs da iqmneba mTliani konturi cocxa-li mxatvruli saxis, – scenuri xatisa.

damowmebani:

aleqsiZe 1977: aleqsiZe d. Teatraluri xelovneba. Tbilisi: `ganaT-leba~, 1977.

amaRlobeli 1928: amaRlobeli s. Teatrisa da kinos problemebi. tfilisi: saxelmwifo gamomcemloba, 1928.

berni 1999: Берн Э. ИГРЫ, В КОТОРЫЕ ИГРАЮТ ЛЮДИ. ПСИХОЛОГИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИХ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ. Перевод А.А.Грузберга. Екатеринбург: ЛИТУР, 1999.

bruki 1984: bruki p. carieli sivrce. Targmani z. WilaZisa. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1984.

TumaniSvili 1977: TumaniSvili m. samsaxiobo xelovneba. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1977.

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TumaniSvili 2004: mixeil TumaniSvili fiqrobs. Tbilisi: `tera inkog-nita~, 2004.

kvaWantiraZe 2001: kvaWantiraZe m. werilebi literaturaze. Tbilisi: 2001.

kverenCxilaZe 2003: kverenCxilaZe z. Cemi antigone. Tbilisi: `petiti~, 2003.

mircxulava 2010: mircxulava r. xelovnebis fsiqologia (meore gamo-cema). Tbilisi: `kentavri~, 2010.

naTaZe 1970: naTaZe r. sasceno gardasaxvis fsiqologiuri safuZvlis problema. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1970.

nodia 1987: nodia g. TamaSis cneba kulturis filosofiaSi. Tbilisi: `mecniereba~, 1987.

ratiani 2008: ratiani i. `hermenevtika~. krebuli: literaturis Teo-ria, XX saukunis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri koncefciebi da mimdinare-obebi. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2008.

robaqiZe 2003: robaqiZe gr. dramebi, werilebi Teatris Sesaxeb. Tbili-si: 2003.

rostomaSvili 1977: rostomaSvili e. TamaSis esTetikuri Teoria. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1977.

sesilia 1984: saubari sesilia TayaiSvilTan. ganTavsebulia 2015 wels. misamarTi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIrcDJTq510.

sigua 2005: sigua s. orfeosi. Tbilisi: `didostati~, 2005.sulxan-saba 1991: orbeliani s.-s. leqsikoni qarTuli. moamzada... ilia

abulaZem. red.: el. metreveli, c. qurcikiZe. saq. mecn. akad., xelnawerTa in-ti. Tbilisi: `merani~, 1991.

stanislavski 1950: stanislavski k. Teatraluri xelovneba. Sedgenili da Targmnili S. kilasoniZisa da g. fronispirelis mier. Tbilisi: `xe-lovneba~, 1950.

uznaZe 2006: uznaZe d. zogadi fsiqologia. Tbilisi: `saqarTvelos macne~, 2006.

uruSaZe 1976: uruSaZe n. msaxiobis xelovneba. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1976.uruSaZe 1999: uruSaZe n. saxli saTamaSOi – anbani da ambavi Teatrisa.

Tbilisi: `dea~, 1999.uruSaZe 2006: uruSaZe n. mxolod erTi saRamo – uCveulo Teatraluri

leqsikoni. Tbilisi: `TeTri giorgi~, 2006.yaralaSvili 1977: yaralaSvili r. wigni da mkiTxveli [recepciuli es-

Tetikis sakiTxebi]. Tbilisi: `ganaTleba~, 1977.qiqoZe 1964: qiqoZe g. rCeuli Txzulebebi. t. 2. Tbilisi: `sabWoTaA

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kavkasiis instituti, 2004.

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x e l o v n e b a

ana kldiaSvili

`axali figuracia~ da 80-iani wlebis

qarTuli mxatvroba

jer kidev XX s-is 30-ian wlebSi valter beniamini winas-warmetyvelebda, rom evropuli ferwera, romelic saTaves renesansis epoqidan iRebs, sruliadac araa dazRveuli, mi-uaxlovdes Tavis aRsasruls. misi azriT, modernizmi mi-emarTeba iqiTken, rom Tanmimdevrulad daipyros figuraci-uli xelovnebis sivrce,

rac tradiciuli ferweris `sikvdils~ gamoiwvevs da kulturis arealidan misi sabolood gaqrobis momaswave-beli iqneba. kritikosebs amgvari mosazrebebis gamoTqmis sruli safuZveli hqondaT, radgan ferweris, rogorc ase-Tis, `SeuZlebloba~ da misi momavlis `dasamareba~ 1910-iani wlebidan daiwyo da es gansakuTrebiT radikaluri for-miT jer kidev maleviCis `Sav kvadratsa~ da diuSanis `redi meidebSi~ gamovlinda. avangardis pasuxi, diuSanis droidan moyolebuli, cxadia: esaa Seteva xelovnebis nawarmoebze da mis statusze. da marTlac, mTeli XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi es tendencia sul ufro aqtiuri xdeboda tradiciis Segne-bulad uaryofis gziT. meore msoflio omis Semdgom am gza-ze erT-erTi nabiji gaxldaT amerikuli abstraqtuli eqspre-sionizmi (50-iani wlebi – jeqson poloki, viliam de kuningi, jon mitCeli, ed raianharti da sxv.), romelmac sasuraTe sibrtyidan sruliad gaaqro saxe-xati (geometriuli figu-rebic ki) da saxviT saSualebebs sruliad Camoacila aRwe-riTi funqcia. amas 60-ian wlebSi mohyva pop-arti, romelic tradiciuli esTetikis winaaRmdeg mimarTul aqtad SeiZle-ba ganvixiloT da romelic Tanamedrove amerikul kulturas, evropulisgan gansxvavebiT, niSnis da ara simbolos an saxe-

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xatis kulturad warmoaCens. pop-artis paralelurad Cndeba e.w. axali abstraqcionizmi (vaSingtonis skola) da op-arti, anu percefciuli abstraqcionizmi, romelic, cxadia, aseve uaryofda tradicias da miznad isaxavda mxatvruli obieq-tis percefciad anu mxolod wminda Semecnebis sagnad qcevas.

tradicias uaryofda minimal-artic, romelic aqrobda suraTs, tradiciul masalas, CarCos, suraTis zedapirs da erTgvari asketizmiTa da ironiiT gaJRenTil marTlac mini-mumamde dayvanil saxviTobas sTavazobda mnaxvels.

`namuSevari arsebobs, Tuki Tqven mis Sesaxeb gaqvT idea da es idea TqvenSia~, `xelovneba ideis Zalaa da ara masalisa~ – ambobda koSuti da mis am sityvebSi aSkarad Cans, Tu rogor Seicvala 1960-70-ian wlebSi damokidebuleba xelovnebis na-warmoebis mimarT, warmodgena mis Sesaxeb. xelovnebis nimuSi SeiZleba sulac ar iyos sagnobrivi, anu suraTobrivi da uc-vleli. swored es gaxldaT konceptualizmis qvakuTxedi, konceptualizmisa, romelic cdilobda xelovnebis obieqtad eqcia sxvadasxva mecnierebis miRwevebi, azrebi, ideebi da romelic am informaciis interpretaciis procesSi upirate-sobas da ukidegano mniSvnelobas koncepts da konceptua-listur komentarebs aniWebda saxviTobasTan SedarebiT. amave periodSi Cndeba e.w. `moqmedebis xelovneba~ da misi uamravi forma: performansi, hefeningi, invairomenti, bodi arti... , romlebsac ukve aRar aqvT aRaraviTari kavSiri tra-diciul xelovnebasTan.

teqnokratiul sazogadoebaSi ferwera iqca akrZalul zonad – wers donald kaspiti*. ferweras, ise rogorc sxva pirobiTobebs, ZaluZs gadarCes, rogorc `formaluri piro-biToba~, romelmac ukve didi xania dakarga sakuTari saz-risi~** – ambobs jozef koSuti. 1970-ian wlebSi `moqmedebis xelovnebis~ sxvadasxva formis gavrcelebisa da konceptu-alisturi komentarebis usasruloo gavrcobis fonze sul ufro SesamCnevi iyo tradiciuli suraTis ferweruli `sxe-ulis~ daSreta/daknineba. cxadia, rom am `dakninebul~ fer-

* D.B. Kuspit. Flach from the “Radicals”: The American Case against Curent German Painting, Art after Modernism: Rethinking Representation, gv.141.** J. Koshuth. Necrophilia, Mon Amour // Artforum, 1982, #9, gv. 60.

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weras im drois radikalur reduqcionistur diskursSi sakuTari mokrZalebuli da SeumCneveli adgili jer kidev hqonda, magram mis ayvavebas da e.w. suraTobriobis gazrdas sulac ar elodnen; piriqiT, varaudobdnen, rom swored Tana-medrove formebi moipovebda srul upiratesobas ferwerul saxe-xatze da mis srul gaqrobas gamoiwvevda.

erTi sityviT, ferweris sicocxlisaken Semobrunebas, mis reanimirebas TiTqos aRaraferi moaswavebda, magram 1980 wels veneciis bienaleze germaneli mxatvrebis anselm kiferisa da georg bazelitcis mier gamofenilma ferwe-rulma namuSevrebma es azri seriozuli eWvis qveS daayena. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom am faqts win uZRvoda saxviTi xelovnebis tradiciul formebze uaris Tqmis TiTqmis 50-wliani praqtika, gasakviri araa, rom ferweruli namuSevre-bis aseT mniSvnelovan saerTaSoriso forumze warmatebuli gamoCena kritikosTa mier sensaciad da ferweris mier aqtu-aluri xelovnebis statusis dabrunebis aqtad iqna miCneuli. da marTlac, amas dasavleTis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad ki, evropaSi figuraciuli mxatvrobis `aRorZineba~ da fer-weris bumi mohyva. ukve momdevno, 1981 wels niu iorkis Svid galereaSi erTdroulad gaixsna e.w. evropuli `axali figu-raciis~ warmomadgenelTa eqspoziciebi. 1981 welsve londo-nis samefo akademiaSi moewyo didi gamofena saxelwodebiT `axali suli ferweraSi~ (New Soul in Paintings), romelzec didi adgili eWiraT axali figuraciis germanel da italiel mxat-vrebs. es marTlac didi da yvelasaTvis gasaocari Semob-runeba iyo.

axali figuracia ZiriTadad evropuli movlena iyo da man swored evropis qveynebi moicva: germania, italia, safrangeTi, espaneTi, holandia, inglisi. Tumca ferweris `viruss~verc amerika gadaurCa, magram am moZraobis avangar-dSi mainc germanelebi da italielebi idgnen. axali figura-ciis germanel warmomadgenlebs neoeqspresionistebs an `axal velurebs~ uwodebdnen (anselm kiferi, georeg baze-litci, iorg imendorfi, valter dani, artur penki, mark luperci, zigmar polke da sxv.) italiaSi am mimdinareobas

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transavangards an `arte Sifras~ eZaxdnen (franCesko kle-mente, enco kuki, mimo paladino, sandro kia). xolo aSS-Si (malkolm morli, julian Snabeli, siuzan rotenbergi da devid Sali) axal figuracias `axali saxe-xatis ferwerad~ an `cud ferwerad~ (Bad paintings) moixseniebdnen (safrangeTi – remi blanSari, fransua buaroni, rober komberi, erve di rosa; inglisi – devid hokni, frenk auerbaxi, leon korofi; holandia – meno baarsi, espaneTi – mikel barselo).

vfiqrobT, CvenTvis saintereso unda iyos, Tu ra proce-sebi mimdinareobda saqarTveloSi am fonze.

80-ian wlebs qarTuli mxatvrobac siaxleebiT Sexvda. 1970-1980-iani wlebis mijna qarTul mxatvrobaSi gardatexis xanad da axali etapis dasawyisad ganixileba. am dros gamodis asparezze axali Taoba, romelsac mogvianebiT 80-ianelebs uwodeben da romelsac mravali siaxle Semoaqvs. 80-ian wleb-Si ori nakadi, talRa ikveTeba: pirveli ufro adreulia damasSi is mxatvrebi erTiandebian, romlebic samoRvaweo as-parezze 1970-iani wlebis miwuruls da 1980-iani wlebis I naxevarSi gamovidnen (i. farjiani, l. WoRoSvili, g. buRaZe, g. eZgveraZe, m. abramiSvili, l. lasareiSvili, i. suTiZe, l. la-RiZe, j. kuxalaSvili, g. guguSvili, q. matabeli, b. arboliS-vili, l. tatiSvili, S. matuaSvili, i. zautaSvili, s. wereTeli. d. miqaberiZe da sxv.) meore talRa ki uSualod moyva pirvels. am talRis mxatvrebma qronologiurad odnav mogvianebiT, 1980-iani wlebis II naxevarSi gaakeTes ganacxadi (e.w. `meaTe sarTulis~ jgufi, romelSic Sediodnen: k. kaWarava, m. cecx-laZe, n. cecxlaZe, m. jafariZe, g. maRlakeliZe, g. loria, l. Sve-liZe, k. ramiSvili da sxv.)

80-iani wlebis pirveli talRis qarTul mxatvrobaSi, ise-ve rogorc am periodis dasavlur mxatvrobaSi, ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba SeiZleba gamovyoT: figuracia da nonfigura-cia, Tumca, am msgavsebis miuxedavad, CvenSi mainc dasavleTis sapirispiro procesi mimdinareobs. Tu dasavleTma 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Tavidan aRmoaCina figuracia da tradici-uli ferwera, romelmac iq kvlav moipova sasicocxlo sivrce, CvenSi 80-iani wlebis dasawyisis mxatvroba anu tradiciuli

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ferwera, mis mier motanili axali tendenciebis miuxedavad, mainc wina etapis 60-70-iani wlebis xelovnebis, tradiciuli ferweris logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgenda, anu dasav-leTis msgavsi formismieri wyveta tradiciasTan qarTul ferweras ar ganucdia. mas sul sxva wanamZRvrebi hqonda, romelzec saubari axla Sors wagviyvans. dasavleTisagan gansxvavebiT, am periodis qarTul saxelovnebo sivrceSi `axali xili~ swored nonfiguracia iyo, romelic ZiriTadad abstraqciasa da konceptualizms moicavda. `80-iani wlebisdasawyisidan sezonur gamofenebze Cndeboda gia eZgvera-Zis, ilia zautaSvilis, soso wereTlis, daviT miqaberiZis (da sxvaTa) abstraqcionistuli suraTebi... romlebSic cxa-dad igrZnoboda de kuningis, mark rotkos da reinhartis ze-gavlenebi...~*. odnav mogvianebiT ki gaCnda konceptualisturi namuSevrebic.** sruliad bunebrivia, rom im periodSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis 70-wliani represiuli reJimis pirobebSi, swored es nakadi iTvleboda avangardad. Tumca, figuraciul mxatvrobaSi momxdari Zvrebi, vfiqrobT, aranakleb mniS-vnelovani da, Tu gnebavT, avangardistulic iyo. da swored aq mivadeqiT ZiriTad sakiTxs – ra mimarTebaa 80-iani wlebis dasawyisis qarTul figuraciasa da amave xanis e.w. dasavlur `axal figuracias~ Soris.

erTi SexedviT, maT TiTqos araferi aqvT saerTo, vizua-lurad isini erTmaneTs arc ki gvanan. ufro metic, mkveTrad gansxvavdebian saerTo STabeWdilebiT. `axali velurebisa~ Tu italieli transavangardistebis eqspresiulobis, aqti-uri, Semtevi gamomsaxvelobis sapirispirod, am periodis qarTuli mxatvroba Taviseburi mSvidi artistizmiTa da esTetikur-romantikuli elferiT xasiaTdeba. Tumca, es garegnuli stilisturi gansxvavebuloba sulac ar gamo-ricxavs maT fenomenologiur identobas, razec ukve 80-iani wlebis miwuruls miuTiTebda karlo kaWarava. igi msgavsebas am or mxatvrul movlenas Soris suraTovnebis principis arsebobaSi xedavda.

* k. kaWarava, statiebi, qarTuli avangardis istoriisaTvis, Tb., 2006, gv. 97.** amis dasturia 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gia eZgveraZis Seqmnili Sav-TeTri konceptualisturi seria “Знаки относительной ясности.”

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suraTovnebis erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebeli sasura-Te sibrtyeze saxe-xatis arsebobaa. dasavlurma mxatvro-bam 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi swored saxe-xati daabruna, romelic, rogorc ferweris Semadgeneli elementi, gamqrali iyo abstraqcionizmSi, dakninebuli iyo konceptualizmSi da upirates adgils verbalur komentarebs uTmobda; saxe-xati sruliad amovardnili aRmoCnda `moqmedebis xelovnebis~ saSualebaTa arealidan. pop-arti nawilobriv inarCunebda saxe-xats, magram es mza saxe-xatebi iyo, romlebmac yofidan art-Si gadainacvles (mag., endi uorholos kembelis sufis qila an merlin monros saxe) da ara mxatvris warmosaxvis nayofi.

amgvarad, mxatvris warmosaxvaSi dabadebuli saxe-xati, romelic tradiciuli mxatvrobis umniSvnelovanesi maxasi-aTebelia, dasavlur sivrceSi kvlav aqtualuri xdeba, qar-Tul mxatvrobaSi ki is, ubralod, agrZelebs arsebobas. rac mTavaria, orive SemTxvevaSi saxe-xatis struqturirebac tradiciuli xerxebiT xdeba. kvlav aqtualuria kompozici-is problema, misi ageba-mogvareba sxvadasxva xerxiT (mag., anselm kiferi didi xnis daviwyebul perspeqtivasac ki iye-nebs). aseve, gamoiyeneba saxviTi xelovnebis sxvadasxva tra-diciuli saSualeba – xazi, feri, ritmi, monasmi, faqtura da sxv. swored am tradiciuli saxviTi saSualebebiT xdeba mxatvruli efeqtis Seqmna, mnaxvelze zemoqmedeba da sazri-sis gamoxatva.

xelovnebis nawarmoebis `sxeulis~ aRdgenasTan erTad axal evropul mxatvrobaSi Sinaarsis, Temis reanimirebac xdeba, rac suraTobriobis kidev erTi niSania.* Tematika da Temisa da saxviT saSualebaTa erTobliobiT sazrisis gacxadeba am mxatvrobis kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia.

anselm kiferi erT-erT interviuSi ambobs: `xelovneba saukeTesoa maSin, rodesac is mis gareT momxdars exmaureba da, amave dros, Sinagani moTxovnilebidan momdinareobs. suf-Ta xelovneba saSiSia sazrisisaTvis, azrisaTvis, romelic yovelTvis unda myofobdes xelovnebaSi. stili da xerxebi/

* Е. Андреева. Рассказы о художниках. Проблема живописи около 1980 года. СПБ, 1999, gv. 223.

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saSualebebi araa mniSvnelovani, mTavaria azri~.* azri ki, `axali figuraciis~ warmomadgenelTa SexedulebiT, ama Tu im movlenisadmi, faqtisadmi damokidebulebis Sedegia. amde-nad, isini mimarTaven sxvadasxva aqtualur sakiTxsa Tu Temas da maT interpretacias axdenen. maTi Semoqmedebis Tvalsawi-erSi aqtiurad Semodis istoria (Soreuli Tu uaxlesi), konk-retuli istoriuli faqtebi, pirovnebebi; Sedegad ki xdeba istoriis gadaazreba mxatvruli formiT. am mxriv Zalze sa-intereso movlenaa germanuli figuracia da konkretulad misi ori warmomadgenlis iorg imendorfisa da anselm kife-ris Semoqmedeba.

i. imendorfi Zalze aqtiuri da da Semtevi samoqalaqo da politikuri poziciiT gamoirCeoda. misi adreuli namuSev-rebis saTaurebi amis dasturia: `ra pozicia giWiravs Sen da Sens xelovnebas, kolega?~ anda, `mxatvris muStic muStia~ da sxv. imendorfis Semoqmedebis mTavari Tema Suaze gaxle-Cili germania da misi bedi gaxldaT. am Temisadmi miZRvnil mis cnobil istoriul serias `kafe germania~ axlda manifesti – `mowodeba dasavleTgermaneli da evropeli mxatvrebisadmi~, romelSic naTqvamia: `airCieT Tqveni namuSevrebis Temad usamarTloba, omis saSiSroeba, politikuri Zaladoba, ga-modiT mSvidobis dasacavad, radgan pirvelive yumbaris Ca-mogdebisTanave vercerTi molberti ver gadarCeba~. am seri-is suraTebis ganuyofeli nawilia berlinis kedeli, rome-lic xan CamoSlilia da qvebis grovebs qmnis, xan gadaulaxav winaRobad warmogvidgeba. aqve vxvdebiT sxvadasxva epoqis istoriul pirebs, mxatvris Tanamedroveebs, politikur atributebs – prusiul arwivs, svastikas da sxv. am seriaSi imendorfma misTvis damaxasiaTebeli provokaciulobiT sinqronulad, warsulis realiebisa da miTis zRvarze war-moadgina sxvadasxva epoqis istoriuli faqtebi. warsulis monstruli aCrdilebi mis suraTebSi Tanaarsebobs Tanamed-rove detalebTan, ironia ki ukidures seriozulobasTan aris wilnayari. germaniis gaxleCa mxatvris mier gancdilia

* Kiefer Anselm. Interview with Donald Kuspit // Artwords 2; Discourse on the Early 80s. gv. 86-87.

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rogorc erovnuli da, amave dros, pirovnuli drama; qveynis gaerTianeba ki imendorfisaTvis, erTi mxriv, germanelTa mier axali identobis, meore mxriv, pirovnuli identobis moZiebis sawindaria.

Uuaxlesi istoriisadmi iorg imendorfis plakaturi da ironiuli damokidebulebisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli xed-va aqvs anselm kifers. misi Semoqmedebis laitmotivia warsulis damangreveli zemoqmedeba Tanamedroveobaze, kritikuli damokidebuleba oficialuri germanuli istoriografiisad-mi. kiferi exeba iseT faqizsa da mtkivneul Temas, rogoricaa miTi germaneli naciis misiis Sesaxeb. igi eZebs da namuSevreb-Si warmoadgens e.w. `germanuli sulis~ sazogado da metad Rrma simboloebs, dawyebuli nibelungebidan, damTavrebuli hitleriT. kiferi exeba imdroindel germaniaSi tabuirebuli nacizmis Temas, igi bedavs da dade-biT konteqstSi warmoaCens germanul warmarTul RvTaebebs, gmirebs, mistikos-roman-tikosebs, sazogadoebis TvalsawierSi abrunebs vagnersa da nicSes, visac vulgaruli istoriuli azri msoflios Tavs datexil ubedurebaSi (igulisxmeba II msoflio omi) mTavar dam-naSaveebad warmoaCens. da rom ara holokostis Tema, romelic kiferis SemoqmedebaSi germani-is Temis paralelurad Cnde-ba, igi namdvilad ver gadaurCeboda neonacistis iarliys (Tumca, mas mainc adanaSaulebdnen nacizmis TanagrZnobaSi).

70-iani wlebis II naxevarSi kifers Seqmnili aqvs seria `germanel tomTa brZolebi~, romelSic igi asaxavs germanel-Ta mier damoukideblobis mopovebisa da sakuTari TviT-myofadobisaTvis warmoebul omebs. igi aqtiurad mimarTavs germanul miTologias. parsifalis, maisterzingerebis, zig-fridisa da brunhildas istoriebi misi namuSevrebis Temad iqceva. mxatvari am Temebze didi zomis monumentur epikur suraTebs qmnis.

80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi kiferi xatavs ukacriel dide-bul arqiteqturul nagebobaTa interierebs, romlebic hit-leris mTavari arqiteqtoris albert Speeris mier Seqmnili arqiteqturis asociacias iwvevs da mesame raixis kulturis miTs acocxlebs mnaxvelis Tvalwin.

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kiferis damokidebuleba istoriisadmi araerTmniSvne-lovania. arc gandideba da arc gakicxva, arc nostalgia da arc ironia masTan ar gvxvdeba, igi arc moralistia da arc romantikosi. esaa gancdaSi mxatvruli formiT Semotanili istoriuli faqtebi, romlebic maT gaazrebas da warsulSi `datovebas~ emsaxureba.* donald kaspiti werda: `axali ger-manuli ferwera karg samsaxurs uwevs germanel xalxs. is am-Svidebs germanuli kulturisa da istoriis warsulis aCrdi-lebs – Rrmad Camarxul tabuirebul saidumlo monstrebs ise, rom amis Semdgom adamianebi Tavs ganaxlebulad grZnoben. maT eZlevaT mistikuri SesaZlebloba, Seqmnan axali iden-toba. isini Tavisufldebian warsulis arsisagan mxatvruli formiT aRorZinebis gziT~.**Mam kaTarzisuli esTetikis Seqm-naSi ara marto Tematika da saxe-xatebi monawileobs, aramed masalac – miwa da cecxli, anu yvelaferi is, risi saSualebi-Tac adamiani istoriulad gadioda iniciacias, masSi kvdeboda Zveli da ibadeboda axali. es erTgvari alqimiaa, romelic kiferis SemoqmedebaSi aqtiurad monawileobs saboloo Se-degis – kaTarzisis dadgomaSi.

amgvarad, kiferi axali figuraciis is gamorCeuli figu-raa, romelsac ainteresebs maradiuli sakraluri orienti-rebis sicocxliunarianoba swrafad cvalebad, Rirebulebebs moklebul, mravalsaxovan, simultanur postmodernistul samyaroSi. es problema met-naklebad yvela qveynis (yvelaze naklebad aSS-Si)*** axali figuraciis erT-erTi aqtualuri Temaa. swored es aaxloebs am mimdinareobas 80-iani wlebis qarTul mxatvrobasTan.

* Е. Андреева. Рассказы о художниках. Проблема живописи около 1980 года. СПБ, 1999, gv. 222.** D.B. Kuspit, Flak from the “Radicals”: The American Case against Current German Painting// Art after Modernism: Rethinking Representation. gv. 141*** es bunebrivicaa, amerika sazogadod evropasTan SedarebiT naklebadaa is-torizirebuli da `mexsierebiT Sewuxebuli~; amasTan erTad, amerikas ar Sexebia formisa da istoriis gamanadgurebeli omi, da Sesabamisad, ar hqo-nia pirovnuli da erovnuli identobis, rogorc kulturis problema. ami-tomacaa, rom misi xelovneba ufro metad iyo orientirebuli formalizmze, unifikaciaze, rac SesaZlebels xdida abstraqciisa da misi saxeebis, mini-malizmisa da neo-geos aq warmoSobasa da farTod gavrcelebas.

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karlo kaWarava jer kidev 80-iani wlebis II naxevarSi qarTuli mxatvrobis Sesaxeb werda: `axalgazrda mxatvarTa mier pirvelad gacxadda, rom mxatvroba gacilebiT metia arsebul, dogmatur CarCoebSi moqceul warmodgenaze mis Sesaxeb: pirvelad gaCnda survili mxatvrobis eniT, misi meSveobiT gacilebiT metis gamosaxvisa, vidre `ferweru-li~ problematikiT manipulireba iyo~.* da es `meti~ swored istoriis wiaRSi davanebuli sakraluri maradiuli orien-tirebi gaxldaT, romelTa moZiebis da damkvidrebis sur-vili am Taobam gamoTqva Tavis SemoqmedebaSi. saqarTvelos istoriisadmi interesi da misi gaazrebis survili gacxadda 80-ianelTa I Taobis mxatvrebTan levan WoRoSvilTan da gia buRaZesTan.

swored am periodSi levan WoRoSvili qmnis istoriul suraTebs `saqarTvelos patriarqebi~ da `zurab aragvis erisTavis mokvdineba~, gremis muzeumis dakveTiT asrulebs qarTvel mefeTa portretebs da aseve qmnis serias `ganadgu-rebuli aristokratia~, romelSic drama wilnayaria liriz-mTan da nostalgiasTan.

l. WoRoSvilis kaxeTis mefeTa portretebis seriac mxat-vris mier dramatul-lirikul WrilSia gadawyvetili. erTi SexedviT, es saparado portretebia. Zvirfas samefo samosel-Si gamowyobili mefeebi sazeimo, amaRlebul ganwyobilebas qmnian, magram, amave dros, TiToeuli maTganis saxeSi, mefur RirsebasTan erTad, erTgvari sevda da simZime igrZnoba, erTdroulad lirizmi da tragizmi gamosWvivis. l. WoRoS-vilis es seria faqtiurad mxatvris arsSi, misi TanagrZnobis prizmaSi gatarebuli saqarTvelos bed-iRbals gadaWdobi-li TiToeuli mefis pirovnuli dramaa. es drama-portrete-bia, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas.

meore qarTveli mxatvari, romelmac istoriul Temas Tavis SemoqmedebaSi udidesi adgili dauTmo gia buRaZe gax-ldaT. swored levan WoRoSvilis mefeTa portretebTan er-Tad 1985 wels mxatvris saxlSi gamofina man Tavisi qarTlis cxovrebis seria. am gamofenam saxelwodebiT `istoriidan~,

��� k. kaWarava. statiebi, qarTuli avangardi (80-iani wlebi), Tb., 2006, gv. 176.

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romelSic saerTo TemiT – saqarTvelos istoriiT – gaerTi-anebuli ori mxatvari monawileobda, sazogadoebis didi interesi gamoiwvia da mas marTlac arnaxuli warmateba xvda wilad. gamofena sazogadoebis moTxovniT gaagrZeles, mxat-vris saxlTan rigebi idga. adamianebi udidesi interesiT saaTobiT aTvalierebdnen namuSevrebs, iyo SemTxvevebi, rom tirodnen kidec. es axali Taobis saetapo gamofena iyo, romelzec moxda ara mxolod mxatvruli, aramed maTi zne-obrivi da erovnuli orientirebis warmoCena da faseulo-baTa gacxadeba.

g. buRaZis `qarTlis cxovrebis~ serias win uZRvoda misi gataceba germanuli kulturiT – miTologiiT, filosofiiT, musikiT, mxatvrobiT. kiferis msgavsad, misi ideali iyo ri-harg vagneri da misi musikaluri dramis SemoqmedebiTi prin-cipebi. mxatvari Tavisi Semoqmedebis adreul etapze swored germanuli miTologiiTa da vagneriT gatacebis Sedegad qmnis e.w vagneris serias, romelSic germanuli miTologiis Temebze Seqmnili suraTebi: `parsifali~, `monsalvaTis mTa~, `rainis oqro~ da sxv. Sedis. magram es mxatvrisaTvis mxolod mosamzadebeli etapi iyo saqarTvelos istoriis goeTeanur-vagnerianuli principiT gasaazreblad da mis vizualur is-toriad gardasasaxad. amisaTvis mxatvari amuSavebs qarTlis cxovrebis teqstebs, ecnoba samecniero literaturas da qmnis didi zomis monumentur tiloebs, romlebic qarT-velobis sawyisebs da qristianobis miRebis istorias asaxavs. oRond ara TxrobiT-naratiuli, aramed ganzogadebul-monu-menturi formiT; zogjer amaRlebuli, romantikuli, zog-jer intimuri, lirikuli da zogjer mistikuri ganwyobiT?. magram aq versad SexvdebiT dasavluri `axali figuraciis~ mxatvrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel racionalizms, gaucxoebasa da ironias. esaa istoriis epikur-romantikuli vizualuri saxe-xatebi.

am serias mosdevs `aTcamet asurel mamaTa seria~ da vax-tang gorgaslis seria, romelSic vaxtang gorgaslis brZo-lebis scenebia warmodgenili. aq aucileblad gagvaxsendeba anselm kiferis `germanelTa cnobili brZolebi~, Tumca, ma-Sin g. buRaZem araferi icoda kifersa da misi am seriis Sesaxeb.

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rogorc davinaxeT, warsulis kvlevis saSualebiT mara-diuli sakraluri orientirebis moniSvna, maTi suraTobrivi, mxatvrul-artistuli formiT warmoCena dasavluri `axali figuraciis~ da amave periodis qarTuli mxatvrobis saerTo principia, Tumca, rogorc mxatvrul- esTetikuri mxare, ise Tavad istoriisadmi damokidebuleba sruliad gansvavebulia.

germanelebis damokidebuleba sakuTari istoriisadmi zogjer kritikul-racionaluria, zogjer ironiuli, zog-jer neitraluri, magram yovelTvis distancirebuli, erT-gvarad gaucxoebuli, TiTqos istoria garedanaa danaxuli. qarTvelebis damokidebuleba sakuTari istoriisadmi ide-alizebul-romantikuli, nostalgiur-lirikuli, dramatu-li da aradistancirebulia. isini sakuTar Tavs TiTqos Sig-niT, jer kidev am istoriis wiaRSi arsebulad aRiqvamen. sa-kuTari istoriisadmi mimarTebaTa es sxvaoba intenciaTa gansxvavebulobiT SeiZleba aixsnas.

germanelisaTvis istoriis gacnobiereba esaa Sinagani tkivilisagan, danaSaulis grZnobisagan gaTavisuflebis sa-Sualeba, romelic am ers garkveuli uaxloesi istoriuli realiebis gamo aqvs. mamoZravebelia survili istoriisgan ganTavisuflebisa, misi warsulSi datovebisa. amgvari dis-tancireba maTTvis SesaZlebelia, ramdenadac Tavad prob-lemis saTave ekzistencialur doneze aRar arsebobs, is warsulSi darCa. samagierod germanelebs aqvT myari saxel-mwifoebrivi awmyo, romelic garantirebuli momavlis sawin-daria da romelSic maT fsiqologiur doneze daleqili da-naSaulis kompleqsisagan gaTavisufleba surT, kaTarziss eswrafvian. am mizans ki germaneli mxatvrebi istoriuli faq-tebisa Tu calkeuli pirovnebebis mkafio definicirebis, zusti saxeldeba-gansazRvrebis, yvelafrisaTvis sakuTari adgilis miCenis gziT aRweven. odesRac tabuirebul vagner-sa da nicSes kiferisaTvis kuTvnili adgili aqvT misi qveynis istoriaSi, iseve, rogorc hitlers.

rogorc Cans, istoriis racionalurad, kritikulad, distancirebulad gaazreba myari saxelmwifoebrivi awmyos SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki, jer

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kidev sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi, rodesac adamianebi saku-Tar erovnul identobas ver pouloben awmyoSi anu awmyo ar arsebobs – warsuls sxva fasi adevs da sakuTari identobis marcvlebsac qarTveli mxatvrebi swored iq eZieben. warsuli realiebis romantikuli saxiT amoweviT isini nostalgiurad ocneboben momavalze da sakuTar SemoqmedebaSi warsulis gavliT momavlis identobas qmnian. roca ar gaqvs awmyo da mo-mavalze mxolod ocnebob, erTaderTi warsuliRa grCeba da Tu masac gaiucxoveb, gaakritikeb, mTlad aRaraferi SegrCeba xelT sakuTari identobis dasturad. am yvelafers, rogorc Cans, qarTveli xelovanebi intuiturad, TviTgadarCenis in-stiqtisa da utyuari alRos wyalobiT yovelTvis grZnob-dnen da evropuli xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel TviTkri-tikas delikaturad uvlidnen gverds. da es exeba aramarto mxatvrobas, aramed mTel qarTul kulturas.

dabolos, kidev erTs davamatebdi: Cven maSin, 80-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi gvegona, rom avangardistebi nonfi-guraciis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, dRevandeli gadasaxedi-dan ki aRmoCnda, rom dasavleTsa da CvenSi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad paraleluri procesebi swored figuraciaSi mimdinareobda da, Sesabamisad, avangardSi swored qarTuli figuraciis warmomadgenlebi aRmoCndnen.

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lela oCiauri

igavSi dabruneba

uaxlesi qarTuli kinos erTi Zveli „ganaxlebuli“

tendenciis garSemo

igavi, rogorc cnobilia, moculobiT patara formaa, mag-ram Zalian gamomsaxveli da mravalSriani, romelic gamori-cxavs mayurebelze yovelgvar Zaldatanebas (Sinaarsis do-nezec ki) da iwyoba raime saxis akviatebuli gansazRvrebebis, standartuli CarCoebis gareSe. is arRvevs stereotipebs, Tumca, maTgan distancirebis paralelurad, garkveul sqe-mebsa da normebs inarCunebs, Janris kanonis farglebSi.

Tanamedrove igavi formas kidev ufro Tavisuflad udge-ba. amave dros, is SeiZleba moeqces komediis, tragikomediis, dramis, saSinelebaTa filmis, deteqtivis, melodramisa da a.S. mokled, nebismieri Janrisa Tu qveJanris ganzomilebaSi da „msubuq JanrebSi“ gamoxatvis miuxedavadac ki, ar dakar-gos arc simZafre da arc pirveladi mniSvneloba.

kinoigavSi yovelTvis iqmneba garkveuli simboluri at-mosfero, xSirad, samyaros Zalian realur sazRvrebSi da am pirobiT kavSirSi yvelaferi simboloebisa da metaforebis saSualebiT gadmoicema.

igavi xSirad moulodneli SedegiT sruldeba an procesSi axal moulodnel mimarTulebas iZens. amave dros, garkveul punqtamde, movlenaTa ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan, gardamtex etapamde yvelaferi mSvidad, gansakuTrebuli zigzagebisa da mkveTri gardasaxvebis (gadaxvevebis) gareSe midis.

xSirad siuJets, personaJebs tipuri da ganzogadebuli xasiaTebi aqvT. iqmneba atmosfero, romelic pirobiTi da qveteqsturi arsisa da mniSvnelobis Semcvelia, Tan Seicavs gzavnilTa sistemas mayureblisken da gansakuTrebuli avto-riseuli pozicia gaaCnia. is mianiSnebs, magram bolomde ar iZleva ganmartebas. aqvs faruli azri, romelic simboloTa sistemiT gadmoicema. ar Zaladobs mayurebelze da axsnis sa-kuTar pirobas sTavazobs.

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bolo periodSi msoflio kinoSi SeiniSneba miswrafeba igavis Tanamedrove formebis Tu damkvidrebis ara, aqtiuri gamoyenebisken, romelsac, faqtobrivad, Camocilebuli aqvs didaqtikuri JReradoba da ufro Tanamedrove sociumis, sazogadoebis Sinagani samyaros, cxovrebis arsis, zogadad cxovrebiseuli Rirebulebebisa da dRes sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli faseulebebis (SenarCenebuli Tu gaufasurebuli) „filosofiuri“ gansjiskenaa mimarTuli.

qarTul kinoSi igavs TiTqmis arasodes hqonia Wkuisdam-rigebluri xasiaTi (vgulisxmob, me-20 saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis kinematografs, rodesac es mimarTuleba damkvidrda), rac ganasxvavebs mas tradiciuli klasikuri formisgan.

swored igavis „CarCoebSi“ moqceviT, am periodis sabWoTa qarTuli kino axerxebda „elaparaka“ arsebuli ideologiis, cenzuris, socrealizmisTvis miuRebel ara marto Temebsa da problemebze, aramed ufro intensiuri gaexada Ziebebi gamom-saxvelobiTi, formiseuli mimarTulebiTac da Seeqmna axali qarTul kinematografis, rogorc xelovnebis kategoriis, is ganumeorebeli saxe, romelsac kinowreebSi „qarTuli kinos fenomens“ uwodeben.

80-iani wlebis bolodan 90-iani wlebis bolomde qarTul kinoSi „Sav-TeTri“ sinamdvilis realur garemocvaSi asaxvis tendencia daiwyo. qveyanaSi arsebuli „mwyobri“ sistemebi dairRva, ideologiuri winaRobebi gaqra, samyaroSi axali wesrigi damyarda.

„gardatexis epoqisa“ da ori saukunis mijnaze Seqmnili da axal enaze ametyvelebuli – Temur babluanis „uZinarTa mze“, tato kotetiSvilis „anemia“, mixeil kalatoziSvils „rCe-uli“, aleko cabaZis „Ramis cekva“, zaza iluriZis „Jami“ – Zve-li tradiciebis qarTuli igavuri kinos bolo nimuSebia, „Jan-ris klasika“, romelmac 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi „amowura“ sakuTari Tavi da SesaZleblobebi.

Tanamedrove, „postmodernistul“ samyaroSi da damouki-debel saqarTveloSi, cxadia, bevri ram Seicvala. politikur cvlilebebze rom araferi vTqva, Seicvala cxovrebis wesi da xelovanis damokidebuleba am cxovrebis wesis, adamianebis,

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maTi amqveyniuri arsebobis, miznebis, warsulis, awmyos, mo-mavlisa da a.S. mimarT.

postsabWoTa pirvel wlebSic da dRemdec qarTul kinoSi warmmarTveli gaxda cxovrebiseuli sinamdvilis, politi-kuri garemoebebis, socialuri da ekonomikuri realobisa da aqedan gamomdinare, sazogadebaSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, axalgazrdebSi uperspeqtivobis, urTierTobebis rRvevis (rogorc mSoblebsa da Svilebs, sxvadasxva fenisa da Taobis warmomadgenelTa Soris) asaxvisken miswrafeba. es bunebri-vic iyo: samoqalaqo dapirispirebam, sulierma da materi-alurma siduxWirem, gadatanilma omebma Sedegi gamoiRes da qarTuli kinos mTavar Temebad iqcnen. krizisis periodis cxov-rebis Cvenebas Sesatyvisi stiluri forma moeZebna. cxovrebasa da mis ekranul anarekls igavuri, miTosuri saburveli Camos-cilda da win socialurma Tematikam da mZime awmyos „realis-turma“ Cvenebam wamoiwia.

originaluri scenarebis paralelurad, kino nawilobriv kvlav daubrunda Tanamedrove, klasikur qarTul da msof-lio literaturas (prosper merime, Jan-pol sartri, franc kafka, mixeil javaxiSvili, nugzar SataiZe, aka morCilaZe da sxv.). am safuZvelzec gaCndnen axali gmirebi, siuJetebi da nacnobi Temebis mimarT ganaxlebuli midgomis, axali rakursiT asaxvis tendenciac gamoikveTa.

2000-iani wlebis qarTul gamorCeuli kinofilmebs (rom-lebic 2005 wlidan dRemde qarTuli kinos krizisis das-rulebis mauwyeblebad iTvlebian) – levan TuTberiZis „gaseirneba yarabaRSi“, levan koRuaSvilis „quCis dReebi“, giorgi ovaSvilis „gaRma napiri“, nana eqvTimiSvilis „grZeli naTeli dReebi“, rusudan Wyonias „gaiRimeT“, Tina gurCianis „manqana, romelic yvelafers gaaqrobs“, nuca aleqsi-mesxiS-vilis „kreditis limiti“ da sxva,romlebic scdebian loka-lur adgilebs, drois farglebsa da sxva sivrceebSic gada-dian, ganzogadebis maRali xarisxis miuxedavad, mainc ufro mxatvruli reportaJebi, qronikebi SeiZleba vuwodoT.

bolo periodSi qarTul kinoSi TiTqos axali mimarTu-leba isaxeba. 2013-2015 wlebSi 3 radikalurad gansxvavebuli

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sami reJisori iRebs 3 radikalurad gansxvavebul films, romlebSic aSkarad ikveTeba igavisken Semobrunebis tenden-cia da Tanamedrove igavis enaze metyvelebis survili.

levan koRuaSvilis „SemTxveviTi paemnebi“, levan TuTbe-riZis „cxra mTas iqiT“ da giorgi ovaSvilis „simindis“ kunZu-li“ Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sulieri mdgomareobis, misi wuxilebisa da survilebis kvaldakval midian da gmirebTan erTad eZeben adgils, romelsac Tavs Seafareben „samoTxidan gandevnis“ maradiuli ritualis Semdeg.

dRes, rodesac cenzura aRar arsebobs da sabWoTa sinamd-vilisgan gansxvavebiT (rodesac igavi, „ezopes ena“, qaragmu-loba mTavari saTqmelis Sefarvisa da cenzuris, „mTavli-tis“, sxvadasxva saxelisuflo komisiis, samxatvro sabWoebis, moskovos saxkinokomitetis dawesebuli sxvadasxvagvari ak-rZalvisgan Tavdacvis saSualeba iyo), igavma sxva safuZveli, motivi da datvirTva SeiZina da gansxvavebuli JReradoba miiRo. ideidan dawyebuli, gadawyvetis xerxebisa da gzebis, struqturisa da formis TanamedroveobiT dasrulebuli.

dRes aRarc sabWoTa kinos arqetipuli drakonebi arsebo-ben da aRarc maTTan mebrZolo gmirebi, wminda qalwulebic TiTqos ukvalod gaqrnen da didi mamebic aRaravis axsovs.

yvela dro sakuTar miTebs qmnis da Tanamedrove miTebis gmirebs im axal realobasTan uwevT Segueba, rodesac miTis Tanamedrove Semoqmedni maT gverdiT cxovroben, anu imave realobaSi qmnian cxovrebis Tanamedrove models.

dRe gafiTrda iagundis...

isev dRevandeli saqarTvelo. isev Tanamedrove sazoga-doeba. isev drosa da sivrceSi dakarguli adamianebis, isev axalgazrdebis „uadgilobisa“ da erTferovani yoveldRi-urobis amsaxveli... mokled, sulieri portreti.

filmSi „SemTxveviTi paemnebi“ (da ara „brma paemnebi“, ro-gorc Targmnian) levan koRuaSvili „quCis dReebis“ Semdeg (am or namuSevars SeiZleba dilogiac vuwodoT) kvlav am sazo-gadoebis monumentur portrets, oRond, axleburad da kvlav

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metaforulad warmoadgens da kidev erTxel aCvenebs, rom mkafiod gamokveTili xedva, „sakuTari“ Temebi da xelwera aqvs. aqvs „principuli“ damokidebuleba sinamdvilisa da ki-nematografis mimarT da Tavisi personaJebisgan gansxvavebiT (romlebic, faqtobrivad, CixSi arian, beds damorCilebulni da pasiurni), am damokidebulebebis, SegrZnebebisa da saT-qmelis mudmivi ganviTarebis, interpretirebis aqtiur pro-cesSi cnobieradaa Cabmuli.

levan koRuaSvils ainteresebs ara imdenad is, rac sazo-gadoebis yofaSi, vTqvaT, problemebis aqtualobis mxriv xdeba, aramed is, rac fasads miRmaa, rac xan Cans da xan ar Cans, rasac xan vxedavT an ver vxedavT (Tu danaxva ar gvinda) da ris arsebobasac araerTi mizezi Tu safuZveli aqvs. Tumca, re-aloba socialur-politikur da ekonomikuri mdgomarebidan gamomdinareobs da swored is iqceva axali igavis Seqmnis mTa-var safuZvlad. es mocemuloba pirdapiri da arapirdapiri miniSnebebiT warmoadgens siuJetis `awyobis~ erT-erT mTa-var pirobas.

Tanamedrove adamianis cxovreba (iseve, rogorc yvela droSi) bevri winaaRmdegobisgan Sedgeba da bevr „stereotip-sac“ Seicavs. levan koRuaSvili am Temebsa da ganStoebebs erT sivrceSi aerTianebs. siuJetSi, romelic realobis saxes araerTi nacnobi detali (moqmedebis adgilebi, specifikuri saxis lokaciebi, interierebi) qmnis, martivad SeiZleba aR-movaCinoT Sexvedrebis „sistemaSi“ CarTuli afxazeTis omis Semdgomi periodisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa cxov-rebis fragmentebi; patimrebis, TaRliTobebis, e.w. krimi-naluri avtoritetebisa da „sazogadoebrivi wesrigis“ dam-yarebis sferoSi maTi Zalauflebis; myari ojaxuri wesrigisa da darRveuli ojaxuri urTierTobebis, Zaladobis amsaxve-li epizodebi. yvelaferi ori mTavari gmiris garSemo tria-lebs, maTi monawileobiT, magram, faqtobrivad, maTi mxridan aqtiurad Carevis gareSe.

TiToeuli personaJi – mTavari gmirebi Tu SemTxveviTi paemnebis dros, bedis ZaliT Sexvedrili adamianebi – auci-leblad viRacas mogvagonebs, nacnobs (es tendencia damaxa-

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siaTebeli iyo 60-70-iani wlebis axali qarTuli kinosTvis. da Semdeg igi 80-iani wlebis Taobis filmebSic gagrZelda da yovel droSi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis Sinagani portre-tis gamomxatveli iyo), SemTxveviT Semxvedrsa da, SeiZleba, sakuTar Tavsac. maT ver gaemijnebi maSinac ki, rodesac ase arasodes gicxovria.

esaa axalgazrda kacis (xazgasmiT, 40 wlis) – sandros (andro sayvareliZe), misi megobris (arCil qiqoZe) – arc pir-quSi da arc tragikuli, arc „mZafrsiuJetiani“ da arc Tav-gadasavlebiT aRsavse, ubralod, mowyenili da mosawyeni cxovreba – Cveulebrivad erTferovani da gansakuTrebul sazriss moklebuli, raRacnairad niadaggamoclili yovel-dRiuroba. cxovreba, romlis yoveli dRe erTmaneTs gavs da es msgavseba arafrismomcemi da carielia. erferovnebaSi, erTgvarobaSi gadian wlebi, dro gadis mdored da „mSvidad“ miedineba, magram, amasTan, TiTqos gaCerda, sadRac daikarga. (ris ganwyobasac levan koRuaSvili mkafiod da gamokveTi-lad qmnis mTeli filmis msvlelobasas). Cvens winaSea igavi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis Sesaxeb, igavi ganaCenze, romelic sazogadobam sakuTar Tavs TviTon gamoutana.

maSinac ki, rodesac movlenebi spiraliseburad iwyeben ganviTarebas, viTareba SedarebiT mwvavdeba, urTierTga-dabmuli da urTierTgamomdinare urTierTobebi iwyeben moq-medebas, – sandro mSvidad, auRelveblad, reaqciisa da rea-girebis gareSe tovebs yvelafers, rac ara mxolod garSemo, aramed, uSualod mis Tavs xdeba, rac piradad mas exeba. TiTqos damkvirvebelia, utyvi, faqtobrivad, ar laparakobs (iseve, rogorc sxvebi, romlebic martivi da moklefraziani dialogebiT urTierToben da gansakuTrebuls erTmaneTs arafers eubnebian) da morCilad xvdeba yvela gamowvevas.

igi moeqca Tu moaqcies Caketil wreSi, romlis gar-Rvevasac an saerTod ara, an ususurad, pasiurad cdilobs. sandros saxeze arasodes aranairi emocia ar isaxeba, ara-sodes icvlis gamometyvelebas. TiTqos mSvidia. akvirde-ba, fiqrobs, meqanikurad moqmedebs, sxvis Txovnebs, gadawy-vetilebebs, survilebs usityvod da winaRmdegobis gareSe

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asrulebs. mozaikurad awyobili am wris Caketilobis – dro-sa da sivrceSi moqcevis sistemas, sareJisoro gadawyvetidan, filmis struqturidan gamomdinare, mayurebeli fizikurad SeigrZnobs.

simartovis, izolirebulobisa da droSi gawelili pa-uzis gancda mTel istorias gasdevs, sadac ar unda viTar-debodes moqmedeba – Tbilisis quCebSi Tu stadionebze, „SemTxveviTi“ Tu „xanmokle“ SexvedrebisTvis gankuTvnil, meorexarisxovani sastumroebis nomrebSi Tu sacxovrebel binebSi, sadguris Senobebsa Tu zRvispira kafeebSi, zRvis sanapirosa Tu iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa sacxovreb-lebSi, kedelze daxatuli zRvis peizaJis fonze, cixis WiSkarTan Tu usaxuri korpusebis garemocvaSi moqceul nangrevebTan.

is, rac sandroSi xdeba – faruli wuxilebi, sevda, ra-Racnairi ganteveba garemosgan – realur elfers iZens, im garemosa da atmosferoSi aRibeWdeba, romelsac reJisori operatorsa (tato kotetiSvili) da mxatvarTan (kote ja-fariZe) erTad qmnis da erT mTlianobad aqcevs, rogorc sarkeSi vinmes an raimes namdvili anarekls.

SeiZleba ufro amitomac, metad dramatuli da Semawu-xebelia es istoria, rogorc wvima an gafiTrebuli dRe mas Semdeg, rac Rrubliani ca amZafrebs sevdas. aq sul moRuSu-li amindia (eizenSteiniseuli „aragulgrili buneba“?), qari da wvima cvlis erTmaneTs. cris. erTmaneTs ewyoba grZeli kadrebi, mdored moZraobs kamera, „mzera“ TiTqos raRac meorexarisxovanzec fiqsirdeba Tu yovndeba. aseTi tempo-ritmi Sinagani „ganviTarebis“, emociebis, SegrZnebebis gamo-mxatvelia da zogadad, cxovrebis, „gamqrali“ dros uRimRa-mo msvlelobis StambWdav suraTs qmnis.

irgvliv sruli siCumea, raRacnairi garindeba, romel-sac mxolod Cveulebrivi, yoveldRiuri xmaurebi avsebs. er-TaderTi musikaluri „CanarTi“, simRera (kompozitor iakob boboxiZis „verxvebi“ galaktionis leqsze), romelic mamas-Tan telefonze saubrisas sandros sufraze namReri esmis, rogorc Soreuli Zaxili – zRvisa da wvimis SrialSia Cakar-

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guli. igive melodia Semdeg ramdenjerme gaiJRerebs mok-le-mokle fragmentebad, rogorc Sinagani ganwyobis eqo da kvlav „samariseburi“ mdumareba isadgurebs.

levan koRuaSvilis axali filmi igavia Tanamedrove sa-zogadoebis Sesaxeb, romelsac ukve aRar surs Tu aRar Se-uZlia (me-20 saukunis 60-iani, 70-iani Tu 80-iani wlebis Ta-obis reJisorebis filmebis gmirebisgan gansxvavebiT) win wasvla, an raRacis sakuTari qmedebiT miRweva, raRacis Sec-vla an axlis, sxvagvari momavlisken yureba. sazogadoebisa, romlisTvisac yoveldRiuroba da saerTod, cxovreba Sem-TxveviTi paemania, SemTxveviTobebis jaWvze agebuli, sxvisi miTiTebebs, kontrolsa Tu msvlelobas ayolili morCilad, mSvidad da auRelveblad.

da amis miuxedavad, esaa naTeli, siyvaruliTa da Tanag-rZnobiT gaJRenTili da imediani filmi, Seferili msubuqi iumoriT (da ara ironiiT), TiTqmis SeugrZnobiT, qveteqs-turiT, magram aSkara da xerxadqceuliT, rogorc sinaT-lis mbWutavi naTeba, yvelaze pirquS momentebSic rom gamo-sWvivis, qaris msubuq dabervasaviT. an gazafxulis im Tbili wvimasaviT, romelic qalaqebs, gzebsa da adamianebs asvelebs.

samyaro cxra mTas iqiT legendebsa da realobas Soris

ra xdeba „cxra mTas iqiT“, Tanamedrove sofelSi, rome-lic TiTqos civilizaciasaa mowyvetili, romlisken mima-vali gzac, xSirad, gauvalia, magram, romlisTvisac es „ug-zooba“ sakuTar TavTan darCenisa da gadarCenis saSualebaa? rodisaa SesaZlebeli ori samyaros mSvidobiani Tanaarsebo-ba da rodis xdeba es SeuZlebeli? ras elodebian adamianebi axali sazogadoebis aRmoCenisgan, ras sTavazobs is sazoga-doeba da aris Tu ara Cveni warmodgenebi realobis Sesatyvis da identuri yovelTvis da Tu ara, ra aris, orive SemTxvevaSi, mizezi?

es da kidev sxva Temebi Tu saTqmelia moqceuli levan TuTberiZis mxatvrul filmSi, „zRapruli“ saxelwodebiT, „cxra mTas iqiT“.

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eTnologebis jgufi saqarTvelos maRalmTian sofelSi morig eqspediciaSi miemgzavreba. maTTvis, rogorc profe-sionalebisTvis (romlebic mravalwliani kvlevebis Sedegad kargad icnoben adgilobrivebsa da maTi cxovrebis wesebs, tradiciebsa da Tqmulebebs), am samyaroSi ucxo araferi da aravinaa. aq yvela erTmaneTs icnobs – adgilobrivic da Ca-sulic, aq ician urTierTobis fasic da xarisxic. ician erT-maneTis vinaoba, raoba, miznebi, interesebi da am yvelafers, SeZlebisdagvarad, ufrTxildebian. sxvagvarad arc SeiZle-ba – es mTis „kanonia“ da misi darRvevis uflebas Tavs aravin aZlevs. erT-erTi maTgani ki, eqspediciis ucvleli xelmZR-vaneli, mZimed dasneulebuli, sofelSi (romelSic cxovrebis didi nawili bednierad gautarebia) miemgzavreba, rom gamo-eTxovos. misi yofna cxra mTas iqiT amqveynad yofnis bolo aRmoCdeba.

sofels filmSi saxeli ara aqvs da arc raime gansakuTre-buli kuTxuri da egzotikuri niSnebiT xasiaTdeba. persona-Jebi – msaxiobebi ar metyveleben romelime qarTul dialeq-tze da arc romelime regionisTvis damaxasiaTebeli, vTqvaT, faqturiTa Tu CacmulobiT gamoirCevian. aseTi adgili yvelgan SeiZleba Segvxvdes, rogorc saqarTvelos mTianeT-Si, aseve samyaros nebismier wertilSi, sadac adamianebi, er-Ti mxriv, sakuTar sazogadoebaSi Caketilebi, warsulze, moralur-fsiqologiur wesebze, „realurad“ arsebul gad-mocemebze mijaWvulebi da meore mxriv, laRad, usazRvro sivrceSi gaSlilebi cxovroben miTebis, legendebis, Tqmu-lebebis realobadqceul garemocvaSi.

aq legendebi realobis Tanasworuflebianebi arian da maT arsebobaSi, rogorc sinamdvilis anareklSi, eWvi ara-vis epareba. magram, rac adgilobrivebisTvis Cveulebrivi, yoveldRiurobis nawilia, ucxoa maTTvis, vinc am samyaroSi sakuTari warmosaxvebis Seqmnasa da sakuTari miTebis awyo-bas cdilobs.

levan TuTberiZe irCevs „nacad“ sareJisoro xerxs – sof-lis macxovreblebs akvirdeba. maT cxovrebas axalgazrda ucxoeli fotografi qali eni swavlobs, rac damokidebule-

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bebis TavisTavadi aRqmis pirobas qmnis da ucxo Tvali – fo-toaparatis obieqtiviT ufro gamaxvilebuli – Sexeduleba-Ta mravalferovan speqtrs warmoSobs.

enisTvis yvelaferi, rac sxvebisTvis ualternativoa – buneba, Tqmulebebi, xasiaTebi, cxovrebis wesi, warsuli da awmyo, legendebi da adaTebi, adamianebi – ucxo da moulod-nelia da axali urTierTobebis, Taviseburi aRqmebis, sur-vilebis, vnebebis, interesis gamomwvevi xdeba.

samyaros, romelsac adgilobrivebi da eTnologebi SeC-veulebi arian da romelsac sakuTari kanonebi marTaven – qmediTi Tu Sinagani (romlebic Taobidan Taobas „zepirsity-vierad“ gadaecema, romlebic arsad dawerila, magram yvela sxva arsebulze umtkicesia) – ucxoelisTvis gazviadebuli warmodgenebisa da warmosaxvebis safuZvlad da movlenebis dramatulad, metic – tragikulad ganviTarebis safuZvlad iqceva, piradad enisTvisac da sxvisTvisac.

levan TuTberiZe swored am ori realobis, ori samyaros zRvarze arsebul atmosferos qmnis. filmi bevr idumalebas moicavs, ris amoxsnasac mayurebeli finalamde ver axerxebs. masSi bevri xazi da ramdenime Temaa moqceuli – ramdenime sa-wyisiTa da urTierTgamomdinare. es dramatul daZabulobas sZens kinosuraTs da organulad avsebs Txrobis mdore, TiTqos gawelil, auRelvebel tempo-ritms, romelic yofiTi da pirobiTi detalebis gadajaWviT iqmneba.

ingliseli enis SemoWra am, erTi mxriv, Caketil da meore mxriv, Tavisufal, gaxsnil sivrceSi – cota xniT TiTqos ar-Rvevs cxovrebis Cveul dinebasa da ritms, magram es cvale-badobac iseTive „Cveulebrivi“ da maradiulia, rogorc si-cocxle da sikvdili, Tundac Zaladobrivi, rogorc erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi bunebrivi da gardauvali gadas-vla. rogorc bunebis maradiuli cvalebadoba, sezonebis wreze triali. Sedegad, erTmaneTSi ireva da erwymis – realo-ba da warmosaxva, dRevandeloba da miTologia, sinamdvile da gamonagoni, warsuli da awmyo. ori kulturis kavSiri Tu Sejaxeba orives ryevas iwvevs.

Tumca, pirvel rigSi, konfliqtis mizezica da „msxver-plic“ mainc ingliseli qalia, romlis movlenebis aRqmac

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„mcdari“ da dRevandelobasTan Seusabamo aRmoCdeba. ufro sworad, eni nanaxidan, mosmenilidan, winaswari molodini-dan Tu warmosaxvis Sedegad gaCenili akviatebidan sakuTar miTebs aawyobs, romlebic winaaRmdegobaSi modis arsebul-Tan, adgilobriv miTebTan, adgilobrov realobasTan. ara imitom, rom es samyaro ar iRebs, rogorc ucxos, aramed iqi-dan gamomdinare, rom cxovrebis damkvidrebul wesSi mou-rideblad Careva da misi Secvla, mxolod piradi survilebi-dan da warmodgenebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia.

levan TuTberiZe swored miTebis SeTxzvis, dabadebis, damkvidrebisa da uaryofis process aanalizebs. TviTonve qmnis da angrevs maT da tradiciisa da fuWi siaxlis, uunaro axali dinebis SeWris usagnobaze cdilobs mayureblis yurad-Rebis mipyrobas. Tumca es mcdeloba isev da isev zogad mo-cemulobebs, da ara didaqtikaze damyarebuli SeTavazebebs, emyareba.

axali igavi samyaros Seqmnis, warRvnisa da axlad dabadebis Sesaxeb

mzis sxivebSi gaxveuli, nislSi, saRamos bindsa Tu Ramis idumalebaSi Cafluli, wyliT garSemosazRvruli ukacri-eli kunZuli. mdinareSi. Tumca napirTan (gaRma napirTan) ax-loa, iqamde rom miaRwio, mainc navia saWiro da erT dilasac am dausaxlebel miwas saxedaRaruli moxuci glexi da misi SviliSvili – Worfliani gogona Zveli naviT miadgebian.

pirveli, rasac kaci kunZulze gadasvlisTanave akeTebs, miwas gemos usinjavs. Semdeg muStSi moaqcevs talaxs da Ti-TebiT mosress, kargad rom SeigrZnos misi Zala, mas rom uf-ro metad gauerTiandes. goraxs viRacis mundStuki amohy-veba. saidanRac wylisgan motanili, Tu ukve motanil (wyliT) miwaze darCenili. aq viRac ukve namyofia.

ase iwyeba giorgi ovaSvilis filmi „simindis kunZuli“. moqmedeba pirobiTad afxazeTis omis periodSi xdeba. afxa-zeTSi. mdinare engurze. patara kunZulze. mTeli samyaro trialebs mis garSemo. esaa miwa, romelic samyaros mikro-

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modelad aRiqmeba da wyali, romelic badebs, qmnis, ganw-mends da klavs (es kunZuli tyibulis wyalscavze filmisTvis specialurad aigo da daiSala da aq aRarafers vityvi im ur-Tules teqnikur da fizikur samuSaoebze, romelic kunZu-lis asagebad da mis dasaSlelad Catarda Temur albeqionisa da misi teqnikuri jgufis mier, da arc im umZimes pirobebze, romlebSic gadamReb jgufsa da msaxiobebs mouwiaT yofna).

wyliT SemosazRvrul da Tavisufal sivrceSi gaSlil kunZulze, mis napirTan gazafxulis erT dRes moxuci (ilias salmini) da gogona (mariam buTuriSvili) micurdebian da si-cocxle miaqvT. jer ficrebis qoxs aSeneben. Tesen siminds. uvlian. muSaoben. dauRalavad. erTferovnad. monotonurad. mSvidad. auRelveblad. usityvod. Sromis rituali, adami-anebisa da samyros harmoniuli urTierTobis, bunebisgan ga-nuyoflobis arsebobas adasturebs. dro TiTqos gaCerda. simindis yana ki TandaTan izrdeba. simindis yana – rogorc axali (Tundac xanmokle) da marad moZravi, cvalebadi cxov-rebis metafora. saidan Cndebian es ucnauri kunZulebi da sad qrebian?

rogorc weliwadis droebis cvla, rodesac zamTars aucileblad mohyveba gazafxuli, isev Cndebian imedisa da rwmenis es sicocxlis kunZulebi da isev qrebian, rom Sem-deg isev gaCndnen. es maradiuli, uwyveti wrea, romelsac buneba da adamiani gadian dabadebidan gardacvalebamde da Tavis kvals toveben – TavianTi arsebobis kvals. simindis kunZulic myife, uniadago, droebiTi, sezonuri kunZulia, romelic Cndeba da qreba, rogorc yvelaferi amqveynad, imisTvis, Tavidan rom daibados – mdinaris mier gazafxul-ze kavkasionidan Camotanili da kunZulad qceuli, Semdegi wyaldidobebis dros kvlav walekili noyieri niadagi, ro-melzec glexebi siminds Tesdnen, romlis mosavlis aReba Semodgomis wyaldidobamde unda moeswroT. ukiduresad gantevebuli da samyaros mikromodelad qceuli kunZulis arseboba realuri faqtia, iseve, rogori realuricaa af-xazeTis omi. da misi Semdegi cxovreba, cxovreba warRvnis Semdeg.

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da imis miuxedavad, rom filmSi konkretuli adgili da droa da imis miuxedavad, rom moqmedi gmirebi – afxazi ba-bua da SviliSvili da maT mier Sefarebuli qarTveli meb-rZoli (irakli samuSia), xolo garSemo navebiT aqeT-iqiT rig-rigobiT moaruli qarTveli da afxazi meomrebi arian (drodadro rom Cauvlian kunZuls da misi binadrebis eWvs, SiSsa Tu undoblobas iwveven) – da es giorgi ovaSvilis fil-mis erT-erTi umTavresi xazia – „simindis kunZuli“ mainc cdeba konkretul Temasa da wres da samyaros mikromodelad iqceva. misi personaJebis Tavgadasavali adamianebis isto-riebad zogaddeba – omisa da mSvidobis periodSi, warsulsa da awmyoSi, Zaladobisa da mtrobis garemocvaSi. yvelgan dedamiwaze (romelsac adamianebi ver iyofen da romelic, sinamdvileSi – yvelasia!) rogorc nebismier igavs, „simindis kunZuls“ gansazRvruli dro da geografiuli sazRvrebi ar gaaCnia.

amave dros, enguri, erTi mxriv, hyofs da meore mxriv, aerTebs saqarTvelos Tavis, simindis kunZuliviT mogle-jil nawilTan – afxazeTTan. is sazRvaricaa, gamyofi zolic da sicocxlis mdinarec, romelze gadasvlac SesaZlebelia, Tu bedisweram da adamianebma inebes. gamocda Tu cTuneba ki, romelsac realoba am adamianebs ugzavnis da romelsac isini Rirseulad arTmeven Tavs, rodesac arCevans akeTeben Zaladobasa da siyvaruls, siZulvilsa da Semwynareblobas Soris – gansacdelia, romlidanac ganbanilebi unda gamo-vidnen. simindis kunZuli yvelasa da yvelafers saxels arqmevs. iZulebiTi erToba (romelic manamde nebayofi-lebiTi iyo) gamocdacaa TiToeulisTvis (da nebismieri CvenganisTvis, msoflios nebismier wertilSi) da kaTarzisis SesaZleblobac.

buneba ebrZvis adamians da adamiani ebrZvis bunebas. Tan orive axal sicocxles badebs da erTmaneTis gareSe arseboba ar SeuZliaT. buneba uqmnis adamians kunZuls da arTmevs mas Semdeg, rac is iyenebs bunebis qmnilebas. da Tu adamiani kun-ZulTan erTad iRupeba, radgan wylisTvis msxverplis gaReba zogjer aucilebelia, sicocxle mainc grZeldeba. buneba

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kvlav ukeTebs adamians saCuqars – miwas wylis sivrceSi da is iRebs ZRvens, rogorc memkvidre, romelsac winamorbedis-gan miwaSi Cafluli da gadarCenili naWris Tojina rCeba.

es naWris Tojina gogonas ekuTvnoda da maSin dakarga, rodesac movardnili wylidan gadasarCenad, babuam navSi Cas-va da saswrafod daatovebina ukve wyalSi CaZiruli kunZuli, romelTan erTad TviTonac CaiZira – simindis ukve motexil Tu moutexav taroebTan erTad, im miwasTan erTad, romelic daamuSava da gamoaRviZa.

da arc is viciT, saiT midis es navi, sicocxlis gadasar-Cenad, Tu dasaRupad. daaRwevs Tavs adidebuli mdinaris talRebs, miadgeba napirs Tu gaqreba... magram, rac unda moxdes, erTi ram garduvalia – isev mova viRac da isev da-Tess siminds, yanas isev mouvlis, radgan cxovrebis – bu-nebis maradiul wrebrunvaze, miwisa da wylis arsebobze araferi moqmedebs – arc omi, arc sikvdili, arc ganSoreba – radgan yvelaferi warmavalia, yvelaferi moxda da moxdeba. maradiuli mxolod sicocxlea, Tundac is ukve sxvisi iyos. es miTis kanonia.

ra Tqma unda, simindis kunZuli araa aRTqmuli miwa. arc samoTxea. arc saimedo TavSesafari. magram cot-cota yve-laferia da imis xatia, rom iq viRac imediTa da rwmeniT sax-ldeba. mSvidad da daculad grZnobs Tavs, sanam omi ar Sear-yevs mis myudroebas. sanam omi cxovrebis nawilad darCeba.

kunZuli imis modelicaa, Tu kidev rogori SeiZleba iyos dedamiwa, misi nebismieri kuTxe, adamianebi rogori SeiZle-ba iyvnen, rodesac maTi cxovrebis Cveuli dineba da wesrigi axal gezs iRebs, samyaro icvleba da erTi ciklis dasrule-bis Semdeg yvelaferi kvlav Zveleburad grZeldeba. radgan es cvlilebebi adamianebis Rirsebas verafers aklebs.

isini, pirvel rigSi – babua da SviliSvili – qmnian am samyaros, sicocxles aZleven mas. isini sicocxles aZleven qarTvel axalgazrdas, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, gogonasTvis SeuZlia siaxlis, cxovrebis xalisis, sixarulis motana.

bunebas ki, rogorc yovelTvis, Tavisi kanonebi aqvs. Ta-visi kanonebi – moraluri da zneobrivi – aqvT adamianebsac, romlebic maT, yvelaze eqstremalur pirobebSic ar arRve-

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ven, Tundac piradi usafrTxoebis darRvevis saSiSroebisa Tu movlenebis mimarT damokidebulebebis sawinaaRmdegod.

sazRvarze myofi es kunZuli yvelas aSorebs da aerTi-anebs – adamianebs, romlebic masze saxldebian, vinc gverdze auvl-Cauvlis (isini ar arRveven wess, romelic sxvis samya-roSi uxeSad SeWras krZalavs), vinc, nadiriviT devnili, mas droebiT Seafarebs Tavs, gadasarCenad.

filmSi TiTqmis araa dialogi. mxolod mokle-mokle da aucilebeli replikebia aqa-iq mimofantuli. mxolod Sina-gani emocia. usityo, magram Rrma mniSvnelobisa da emociis matarebeli mzera da aseve usityvo, Cumi da TavSekavebuli qmedeba. sityva saWiro araa. mdumareba bevrad metyvelia. ioseb bardanaSvilis – iSviaTad mJReri, Zalian Zunwi da zust aqcentebiani – musika arRvevs zogjer siCumes da masTan Ser-wymuli bunebis xmebi da xmaurebi, axlo manZilidan Tu sad-Rac Soridan, uxilavi sivrcidan momavali.

didi, xangrZlivi pauzebi da „gawelili“, raRac gansa-kuTrebul Sinaarssa da efeqtebs moklebuli kadrebi (opera-tori elemer ragali), amave dros, metyveli da gamomsaxveli arian. erTferovani mdumare peizaJi, sivrcis usazRvroebis SegrZneba da realuri samyaros ganzogadebuli saxe, rome-lic ganaTebis bunebrivi wyaroebis – dRis da Ramis da far-nebis SuqiT ivseba. mayurebelic, daZabuli da lodiniT aR-savse, adevnebs Tvals am myudro da mSvid peizaJs, romelic mSvidobiani iqneboda, sadRac axlos mimdinare omi rom ara. magram omi omia da misi msvlelobisas mSvidobaze fiqri ukve SeuZlebelia.

Semdeg, rodesac samyaro wyliT ifareba da mRvrie da Zlieri talRebi kunZulis niadagis gamoclas iwyeben, rode-sac Cvens Tvalwin recxaven da aqroben miwas, romelic ax-laxan yvaoda, rodesac stiqias veRaraferi aCerebs, giorgi ovaSvilis filmSi kidev erTi xazi Semodis – warRvnis Tavise-buri alegoria, miTi, romelsac dasasruli ar gaaCnia. miTi samoTxis Sesaxeb, romlidan gandevnac Tanamedrove adami-anma iwvnia. Tumca, romelSi dabrunebac SesaZlebelia. simin-dis kunZulze kvlav midis viRac da moxucis dakargul mund-Stuks kvlav poulobs.

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„simindis kunZulma“ droze amaRlebasTan erTad dros sazRvrebis ukan garRvevac SesZlo da ara mxolod „politi-kuri JReradobis“ fsiqologiuri dramidan igavis sivrceSi gadasvla.

es imas niSnavs, rom giorgi ovaSvilis filmi mizans yvela mimarTulebiT xvdeba da gulgrils aravis tovebs – arc mters da arc – moyvares. arc maT, visac is eZRvneba da visac misi ena esmis. arc maT, vinc cxovrebas erTi napiridan afasebs, vinc garSemo verafers xedavs erTi marSrutis garda da visTvisac afxazeTic, adamianic, sikeTec, patiebac da Sendobac cari-eli da arafrismTqmeli sityvebia.

pirvel rigSi ki yvelaferi metyvelebs, rom giorgi ovaSvilis „kunZuls“, misi simindis kunZuliviT, walekva ar emuqreba. da es yvelaze mTavaria.

uZRebi Svilebis molodini

alber kamius „tipasaSi dabrunebis“ gmirebi samSobloSi brundebian. sakuTar Tavs ubrundebian. brundebian iq, sa-idanac yvelaferi iwyeba an unda daiwyos.

giorgi ovaSvilis, levan koRuaSvilisa da levan TuTbe-riZis filmebis gmirebic, 80-90-iani wlebis qarTuli kino-personaJebis msgavsad, cdiloben „samSobloSi“ – fesvebTan, sawyisTan – dabrunebas, Tumca maTi es svla, es mogzauro-ba, maTi daZabuli da mRelvare imedi am jerzec uSedegod mTavrdeba.

aq aris buneba, romelic „uZReb Svilebs“ gazafxulisa da yvavilebis nacvlad, wvimas, sicives, mdinarisa da zRvis talRebs da qaris qrolvas sTavazobs.

aq arian RmerTebi da RvTaebebi, romlebic maT wylis, cecxlis, wvimis, mdinarisa da zRvis, miwisa da qaris enaze esaubrebian, maTi surneli moaqvT da ara mzisa da yvavile-bis, ara sinaTlisa da siTbosi.

dRes aseTi droa. miTebis aseTi saxecvlilebis. garda-saxvis. da molodinis, romelic mardiuli wrebrunis axal ciklSi iwyebs cxovrebas.

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J u r n a l i s t i k a

manana SamiliSvili

„melodramatuli mediakulturis“

qarTuli paradigmebi

merfi braunma – saqmianma da mizanswrafulma marto-xela qalma – gadawyvita, Svili qorwinebis gareSe gaeCina. mis am gadawyvetilebas viceprezidenti den kveili gamoex-maura – Tavi tradiciuli ojaxuri Rirebulebebis qomagad warmoaCina da brauni sastikad gaakritika, ris gamoc lamis mTeli amerikis mdedrobiTi sqesis risxva daimsaxura. merfi braunmac ar daayovna da Suri iZia sakuTari qveynis vicepre-zidentze – sajarod gakicxa maRalCinosani, „moZvelebul konservatizmSi“ dasdo brali da mravalricxovani audito-riis gulic moigo.

es ambavi erTi banaluri SemTxveva iqneboda, rom ara gan-sakuTrebuli viTareba. saqme isaa, rom merfi brauni popu-laruli amerikuli serialis gmiri gaxlavT, xolo den kveili realuri persona, visac jorj buSi-ufrosis prezidentobi-sas dasaxelebuli posti namdvilad ekava. SemTxveva amerikis saprezidento arCevnebis win, 1992 wels moxda. swored den kveilma wamoiwyo diskusia serialis virtualur personaJTan (da ara misi rolis Semsrulebel msaxiobTan). am ukanasknel-ma ki, „sapnis operis“ erT-erT seriaSi realuri politikosi gaakritika: merfi braunis gmiri (msaxiobi kendis bergeni) televizorSi im intervius uyurebda, romelSic viceprezi-denti mis gmirs kicxavda. merfi braunma mkacrad dagmo po-litikosebis Careva qalebis pirad cxovrebasa da maT uflebebSi.

am arCevnebSi jorj buSi demokrat bil klintonTan dama-rcxda, Sesabamisad – den kveilmac posti al gors gadaulo-ca. Cven mier aRweril situacias cnobili sociologi manuel kastelsi ganixilavs, rogorc nimuSs „mediis mier Seqmnili

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realobisa“, virtualobasa da realobas Soris zRvris waSli-sa. swored amis dasturad moaqvs mas aSS-is saprezidento ar-Cevnebisa da satelevizio serialis gmiris – merfi braunis is-toria naSromSi -„informaciuli era: ekonomika, sazogadoeba da kultura“.

kastelsi wers, rom realoba „...mTlianad Caflulia vir-tualur saxeebSi, gamogonil samyaroSi, romelSic anarekle-bi ekranze ara mxolod gvamcnoben romeliRac gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, aramed Tavad iqcevian gamocdilebad~ (kastelsi 1996: 373). mkvlevari aSS-is saprezidento arCevnebSi jorj buSis damarcxebas arsebulisa da virtualuris Serwymas ukav-Sirebs, ramac superteqsti Seqmna. misi TqmiT: „superteqsti realuri da virtualuri diskursebis Serevis Sedegad war-moiqmna. am SemTxvevaSi virtualoba realuri gaxda im azriT, rom dedamiwaze erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani qveynis sapre-zidento arCevnebis mimdinarobaze iqonia gavlena“ (kastelsi 2000: 2).

kastelsis am mosazrebas bevri kritikosi gamouCnda da, met-naklebad, samarTlianadac. arc Cven varT gulubryvi-loTa Soris, vfiqrobdeT, konkretulma SemTxvevam arCevne-bis bedi gadawyvitao, Tumca, cxadia, misi garkveuli zemoq-medebis uaryofac ar SeiZleba.

popularul kulturasa da gansakuTrebiT, masmediiT gavrcelebul kiCur produqcias rom didi gavlena aqvs audi-toriaze, mtkiceba ar sWirdeba. rac unda skeptikuri iyos mecnierTa bolodroindeli daskvnebi, romelTa mixedviTac mediis SeuzRudav gavlenaze saubari gadaWarbebuladaa Se-fasebuli, mainc unda iTqvas, rom rekreaciulis miRma, am pro-duqcias politikuri datvirTvac aqvs da xSirad, zemoaR-werilis msgavsad, imaze meti gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, vidre Riad deklarirebul politikur gancxadebebs. marTalia, me-diis am Semadgenlis Sesaxeb saubrisas Znelia empiriuli dak-virvebis gziT Sedegebamde mivideT, magram es ar gamoricxavs, gvqondes individualuri TvalTaxedva, romelic Rirebule-bebsa da gemovnebas daefuZneba. naTqvamis TvalsaCinoebad araerTi nimuSis moxmoba SegviZlia, rogorc adgilobrivi gamocdilebidan, aseve sxva qveynebis praqtikidanac.

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virtualuri da realuri diskursebis urTierTqmedebis nimuSad SegviZlia movixmoT aseve SemTxveva, romelic Jur-nalma „niusvikma“ aRwera. informacia mogviTxrobda erT-erT amerikul serialze, romlis mTavarma personaJma puerto-rikos saxelmwifo droSa dacxrila. aman laTinuramerikeli aqtivistebis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. saqme lamis saxalxo mRelvarebamde mivida. Sedegad, serialis Semqmnelebma bodi-Si moixades da epizodis amoWris piroba dades. avtoritetu-li amerikuli gamocema aRniSnul informacias Seqspiriseul yaidaze asaTaurebs – „aurzauri arafris gamo“ (niusviki 1998: 4), romelsac mkvlevari m. nadareiSvili asociaciuri saTaurebis ricxvs miakuTvnebs. igi publikaciis avtoris tendenciurobaze migvaniSnebs da ambobs, rom amerikeli av-torisTvis sxva qveynis saxelmwifo droSis Seuracxyofa mZi-me danaSaulad ar aRiqmeba. igi kolonializmis epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xedviT aRwers misTvis meorexarisxovani qveynis problemas. mkvlevari daaskvnis: „gareSe pirisTvis am saTauris emociuri funqcia bevrad ufro farTod gaiazreba, vidre Jurnalistis CanafiqriT iyo saWiro“ (nadareiSvili 1999: 46).

am ambavTan dakavSirebiT gvaxsendeba amerikuli blokbas-teri, Tavis droze gaxmaurebuli mxatvruli filmi „wiTeli sicxe“, arnold SvarcenegeriT mTavar rolSi. gasuli sau-kunis 90-ianebis dasawyisSi gadaRebuli es kinosuraTi, sam-yaros gadamrCeni uZleveli kiCgmiriT mTavar rolSi, trivi-aluri Sinaarsis sakaso filmebis ricxvs miekuTvneba. misi aq moxmoba im faqtma ganapiroba, rom filmSi borotebis Sem-musvreli gmiris mTavar mowinaaRmdeges warmodgens sabWo-eTidan emigrirebuli narkomovaWre da mafiozi, yovelgvari sibilwis ganmasaxierebeli personaJi, saxelad, arc meti, arc naklebi – rusTaveli (!). es filmi didi warmatebiT gadi-oda Cvens kinoTeatrebSi da dResac gadaicema telearxebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom am faqts Tavis droze CvenSic mwvave protesti mohyva, ar maxsovs, saxelmwifos simbolos rangSi ayvanili saxelis ase udierad xsenebis gamo vinmes bodiSi moexados (filmis Sinaarsis koreqtirebaze xom – laparakic zedmetia!).

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unda SevniSnoT, rom Tanamedrove popularuli kulturis araerTi mkvlevari moixmobs serialebs, rogorc empiriul masalas. magaliTisTvis kulturis britaneli kritikosis hobsonisa da holandieli ien angis dakvirvebebic ikmarebda (sTori 2007: 37-45). satelevizio serialebis industria kar-gad mofiqrebuli, mayureblis fsiqikaze mizanmimarTulad moqmedi, realobis simulaciiT Camnacvlebeli politikaa, romelsac sacduris funqcia akisria. Tanamedrove qarTul `saserialo~ kulturaSi `maskulturis ideologiiT~ Sekav-Sirebuli araerTi pozicia ikveTeba (ironiuli, emociuri, mkveTrad uaryofiTi, populisturi, konfliqturi da a.S.), romlebic politikur konteqstSic SegviZlia ganvixiloT.

gavixsenoT, Tundac, popularuli qarTuli seriali „Sua qalaqSi“, romlis sawyisi sezonebi telekompania „imedis“ eTeriT warmatebiT gadaicemoda. 2007 wels Seqmnili am cnobili situaciuri komediis erT-erT seriaSi personaJad qalaqis meri gigi ugulava mogvevlina, Tanac, TviTmmarTve-lobis arCevnebis win. ai, sxva pasaJic amave serialidan: te-lesagis erT-erTi gmiri – marika sasworze dgeba da SedegiT iwonebs Tavs – 49 kilo! irakli ekiTxeba, rogor SeZeli gax-domao, marika ki miugebs – „ugulavas dieta!“ pasuxiT kmayo-fili irakli kvers ukravs da qalaqis meris saqebad ambobs – yoCaR, gigi! korpusi garedanac gagvilamaza da Signidanaco (meore sezonis meore seria).

Tuki qalaqis imJamindeli Tavkaci mudam dadebiT kon-teqstSi, keTili iumoriT moixsenieba, opoziciis nebismieri warmomadgeneli gonebaClungadaa gamoyvanili da dacinvis obieqtia. ase, magaliTad, SemTxveviTi araa, rom serialis ko-mikuri personaJis, dabneuli da briyvi sandros axalgacno-bili gogona, masze uvici vinme Teo, opoziciuri partiis saarCevno Stabis aqtivistia. igi ojaxTan erTad erTi wliT sankt-peterburgSi gadadis sacxovreblad. serialis morigi personaJis, ekas mier barSi maTTan Sexvedrisas sasxvaTa-Sorisod naTqvamic – „putinic sankt-peterburgidanaa“ – recipientze (am SemTxvevaSi, telemayurebelze) zemoqmede-bisaTvisaa gamiznuli. am SemTxvevaSi aqcenti politikuri oponentebis ruseTTan kavSirze keTdeba.

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kidev erT epizods movixmobT: Tamari eubneba qeTevans – „braian adamsi Camodis, Turme gia maisaSvilis mejvare yofi-la.“ aq mediis mier sarkastuladaa warmodgenili Tvalumdegi simaRleebisken qarTvelebis swrafvis Tviseba („sruliad ga-gaognebs qarTveli kacis mowadinebuloba da ltolva simaR-lisken“ – aka morCilaZe, „obole“). serialSi saqiliko Tema swored maisaSvilis amerikul politikur elitasTan axlo urTierToba gaxlavT, gansakuTrebiT, demokratTa isteb-liSmentTan (gaxsovT, albaT, vrceldeboda informacia, rom igi obamas saarCevno kampaniaSic monawileobda) (SamiliSvili 2014: 199-207).

es magaliTebi naTlad adasturebs, rom teleserialebi, iseve rogorc sxva gasarTobi produqcia, mediis konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT. am konteqsts ki, nawilobriv, mayurebeli da misi molodinic gansazRvravs. roland bartis mtkicebiT, „teqsti avsebs iersaxes, tvirTavs mas kulturiT, moraliTa da warmosaxviT“. iersaxe ki ar axdens teqstis ilustrirebas, aramed swored teqsti aZlierebs mis konotaciur potencials. barti am process moixseniebs, rogorc „gadamcems“ (sTori 2007: 133). Tuki mediasaSualebas warmovidgenT, rogorc „su-perteqsts“, cxadi xdeba, rom 2010 wlis qalaqis mesveuris winasaarCevno periodSi translirebuli produqciis kono-taciur potencials Tavad mediasaSualebis saredaqcio politika aZlierebda (darbevis Semdeg aRdgenili mauwyeb-lobis pirobebSi). isic aSkaraa, rom „gadacemis“ procesi im auditoriaze axdenda gavlenas, romelic prosaxelisuflod moiazreboda. am segmentisTvis es gaziarebuli kulturuli kodi iyo, sapirispirod auditoriis opoziciurad ganwyo-bili nawilisa, romelic am komunikaciur gzavnils, rogorc miTs, „kontrmiTs“ upirispirebda da misi „wakiTxvis“ vari-aciad xelisuflebis (am SemTxvevaSi, nacionaluri moZra-obis) auditoriaze manipulirebis mcdelobas irCevda.

aqve davimowmebT skandaluri qarTuli teleserialis „cxeli ZaRlis“ nimuSsac. SemTxveviTi araa, rom es gaxmaure-buli satelevizio drama teleimedSi, Zveli mflobelis pi-robebSi Seiqmna (2006 wels reJisorma zaza uruSaZem gadaiRo

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misi meoTxe sezoni, romlis siuJeti premierministris mxu-Tavi gaziT saeWvo viTarebaSi gardacvalebis ambavze iyo age-buli. am istoriis 12 seria zurab Jvanias sikvdilTan msgav-sebis gamo cenzuris qveS moeqca da garkveuli droiT Taroze Semodes). miTs, romelic wina xelisuflebam misi bolo sezo-nis akrZalviT Seqmna, „imedis“ saredaqcio pozicia aZliereb-da da mas politikuri SinaarsiT tvirTavda. Tuki „imedis“ mayureblisTvis es telenovela usamarTlobasTan brZolis simbolod aRiqmeboda, „rusTavi-2-is“ mayureblisTvis misi „wakiTxva“ opoziciuri Zalebis mier politikuri revanSis mcdelobas ukavSirdeboda. am konkretul magaliTSi konota-ciuri mniSvneloba denotaciis donezec arsebobda. Tumca, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom „wakiTxvis variaciebi“ mainc sxvadasxvaa da, isev barts Tu davimowmebT, codnis saxeobeb-zea damokidebuli, imaze, Tu ra mniSvnelobas aniWebs mkiTx-veli gamosaxulebas – iqneba es praqtikuli, kulturuli, erovnuli, esTetikuri Tu sxva tipis gansxvaveba (barti 2012: 134).

dRevandeli telemediis arapublicisturi Sinaarsi Zi-riTadad melodramatuli nimuSebiT – e.w. „sapnis operebiTaa“ gajerebuli. droTa ganmavlobaSi, istoriul konteqstze damyarebiT, maTi „wakiTxvis“ kodi icvleboda. laTinurame-rikuli serialebis epoqa, romelsac wlebis manZilze hqonda Cveni telesivrce dapyrobili, warsuls Cabarda. maTi bumi gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan daiwyo. jer kidev „gardaq-mnis“ periodSi teleekranebze „mona qali izaura“ gamoCnda, xolo serialma „mdidrebic tirian“ iseTi furori moaxdina, mTeli sabWouri auditoria ekranebs miajaWva. „ucxo xili-sadmi“ interesi imdenad didi iyo, centraluri televiziis werilebis redaqcia saqmes ver audioda. mayurebeli Tval-uwvdeneli qveynis yvelaze Soreuli kuTxeebidanac ki gzav-nida baraTebs TxovniT, gaemxilaT yoveli momdevno seri-is Sinaarsi. maT Soris mravlad iyo asakovani mayurebeli, romelic mudariT avsebda telemesveurebs, „sapnis operis“ finali gaemJRavnebinaT – SiSobdnen, Seryeuli janmrTelo-bis gamo, vaiTu mis dasasruls ver moveswroTo. dRes amaze

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gulianad gvecineba, magram im xanaSi Tavisuflebamowyure-bul adamianebs „vesternulis“ lamis yovelgvari gamovline-ba Tavisuflebis sios mobervad da misi mcire „ulufis“ mo-xelTebad eCvenebodaT.

am etapze Cveni teleauditoria Turquli telenovele-bis „tyveobaSia.“ sanam satelevizio „resentimentis“ am seg-mentze visaubrebdeT, aucileblad unda SevniSnoT erTi ten-denciis Sesaxeb. kerZod, iseT globalur proeqtebs, rogoric seriali „dalasi“iyo, kontrdinebis saxiT sul ufro metad upirispirdeba lokaluri kulturebidan SeTavazebuli pro-duqcia. calkeulma qveynebma kargad ganaviTares „sapnis operis“ industria da igi ara mxolod komerciuli mizniT gamoiyenes, aramed erTgvari „saimijo“ mniSvnelobac SesZines. amasTan, maTi „wakiTxvis“ konotaciur doneze xSirad ideo-logiuri datvirTvac aSkaravdeba. ase magaliTad, Turquli serialebis „saimijo politika“ personaJTa mimarT seleqci-ur midgomaSi vlindeba. msaxiobebis gamorCeuli garegnuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT SerCeva silamazis dasavleTSi dam-kvidrebuli stereotipis msxvrevas emsaxureba, romelic am eTnoss transkaspiuri udabnos mkvidris iersaxesTan aigi-vebs. evropuli standartebis msgavsad, Turqul serialebSi idealuri garegnobis personaJebi Cndebian – cisferTvale-ba, Ria feris Tmisa da kargi aRnagobis msaxiobebi miliono-biT mayureblis simpaTias imsaxureben.

semiotikis enaze rom vTqvaT, amgvari midgoma Tvalis axvevas hgavs – msgavsad Savgvremani qalisa, romelic Tmas qerad iRebavs, qerasaviT gamoiyureba, magram SavgvremaniviT fiqrobs. „qera Tmis semiotikaze“ saubrobs sociologi Carlz viniki wignSi – „deseqsualizacia amerikelis cxovrebaSi“ da SeRebil qera Tmas niSnebiT motyuebis magaliTad moixmobs (viniki 1995: 169). amasTan dakavSirebiT, umberto eko ganmar-tavs – Tuki niSnebs simarTlis saTqmelad viyenebT, SegviZlia maTi tyuilis saTqmelad gamoyenebac: „.. Tu raime ar SeiZleba sicruisTvis gamoviyenoT, is saerTod arafris saTqmelad gamodgeba“ (eko 1994: 7).

zemoxsenebuli serialebi popularulia ara mxolod qarTvel mayurebelSi, aramed msoflios sxvasxva qveyanaSic

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– ruseTSi, bulgareTSi, aRmosavleT evropis sxva qveynebsa da Tqven warmoidgineT, CileSic ki! gavrcelebis es masStabe-bi SegviZlia ganvixiloT dasturad centriskenuli Zalebis reaqciisa popkulturis globalur centridanul moZraoba-ze, rogorc pasuxi amerikul ideaze – mTeli msoflios saku-Tari kulturuli da politikuri preferenciebiT mowyobis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba am varauds bevri kritikosi gamouCndes, miT ufro, rom empiriulad misi dadastureba ar SegviZlia, mag-ram SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac naTlad Cans, ra didi gavlena aqvs Turqul „sapnis operebs“ Cvens auditoriaze.

vfiqrobT, es popularoba, garkveulwilad, kulturu-li da geografiuli siaxloviTaa ganpirobebuli. msgavsad masmediis „demonstrirebis efeqtisa,“ romlis mixedviTac, erTi sazogadoebis mediis momxmareblebi saerTaSoriso mediis saSualebiT Tvalyurs adevneben sxvagan mimdinare demokratiul procesebs, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, maTTvis sa-kuTar qveyanaSi cvlilebis mosaxdenad suliskveTebis mim-cemi aRmoCndeba xolme (demokratizacia 2009: 336-339). es efeqti ufro SesamCnevia, Tuki procesi geografiulad da kulturulad axlo regionSi mimdinareobs.

Znelia amtkico am hipoTezis marTebuloba, magram mezo-beli qveynis telesagaTa sul ufro mzardi popularoba da auditoriis garkveul segmentze maTi gavlena eWvs ar iwvevs. sociolog herbert gansiseul klasifikaciaze dayrdnobiT, es produqcia metadre saSualoze dabali da dabali sajaro gemovnebis auditoriebis TavSeqcevis saSualebaa (deflo-ri.. 2009: 232-236). amgvari daskvna SeiZleba vinmes gadaWar-bebuli eCvenos, magram reitingebis mTvleli fiflmetrebis monacemebi ar tyuis! winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT sxva medi-aproduqtiT Caanacvlebdnen (cxadia, arc siZvire-siiafis sa-bazro principi unda gamovricxoT).

kidev erTi faqtori unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi. Turqu-li serialebis „eqspansiam“ TiTqos Searbila kidec nacionalis-tur-religiuri xisti ganwyobebi, rac naTlad gamovlinda baTumSi, azizies meCeTis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli saprotesto muxtis qrobaSi. metic, am serialebs erTguli

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mayurebeli somexi erovnebis warmomadgenelTa Sorisac ga-mouCnda (erTma maTganma CvenTan saubrisas isic ki aRiara, rom am qveynis mimarT, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, mtruli da-mokidebulebac ki Seecvala). faqtia, gavlenebi arsebobs, magram maTi erTmniSvnelovnad Sefaseba ar SeiZleba. Tuki axalgazrda auditoria popkulturis am nawils mxolod garTobis saSualebad da globalizaciis Tanmdev movlenad aRiqvams, ufrosi auditoriisTvis manipulaciisa da ideo-logiuri gavlenis Sefarul mcdelobad aRiqmeba. naTqvami kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom kodis amoqmedeba sxvadasxva faqtorzea damokidebuli. pirveladi amoxsnis doneze esaa melodramatuli istoria – sentimentalur narativTa wyeba, meoradi amoxsnis doneze ki – es gaxlavT serialis Semqmnel-Ta mcdeloba, warmoaCinon Turquli imperializmis dadebi-Ti iersaxe.

marTalia, popkulturas bevri kritikosi hyavs, magram mcdaria mosazreba, TiTqos misi Seswavla fuWi da arapres-tiJuli saqmea. piriqiT, umjobesia safuZvlianad ver-kveodeT im kulturaSi, romelic gars gvaxvevia da dRiTi dRe, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, Cvens azrovnebaze, qcevaze, ur-TierTobebze moqmedebs; mediis Sinaarsze udides ekonomi-kur gavlenas axdens. sxva Tu araferi, es xom sazogadoebri-vi procesebis codnaa, „gamasmediebuli xelovneba“ ki, ama Tu im formiT mTel sazogadoebas moicavs. bob dilanis cnobili gamonaTqvamisa ar iyos, „raRac xdeba, raRac iseTi, ris Sesaxebac Cven SeiZleba ar viciT,“ magram uTuod unda gavigoT, Tuki gvinda, rom problemas ramegvarad vuSveloT.

damowmebani:

barti 2012: barti r. miTologiebi. Tbilisi: `agora~, 2012.barti 1994: Барт Р. «Риторика образа». Избранные работы: Семиотика. Поэтика.

Москва: 1994. mis.: http://www.durov.com/literature1/barthes-94a.htmdemokratizacia 2009: Democratization. Christian W. Haerpfer, Patrick Bernhagen,

Ronald F. Inglehart and Christian welzel. Oxford: 2009.deflori ... 2009: deflori m., denisi. e. masobrivi komunikaciis gaaz-

rebisTvis. Tbilisi: 2009.

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eko 1994: eko u. inovacia da gameoreba. internetmis.: http://belintellectuals.eu/library/book/18/

viniki 1995: Winick Ch. Desexualization in American Life. New Yorkr: Pegasus, 1995.

kastelsi 1996: Castells M. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Vol. I. 2nd ed. Oxsford, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.

niusviki 1998: Newsweek. Much Ado About Nothing. May 5, page 4, 1998.nadareiSvili 1999: nadareiSvili m. saTauris mravalsaxeoba amerikul

presaSi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1999.

sTori 2007: sTori j. kulturis kvlevebi da popularuli kulturis

Seswavla. Tbilisi: ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetis gamom-

cemloba, 2007.

SamiliSvili 2014: SamiliSvili m. „informaciuli sazogadoebidan –

sanaxaobis sazogadoebamde“: „resentimenti“ qarTul telemediaSi“. ba-

Tumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul mec-

nierebaTa fakultetis saerTaSoriso konferenciis – „humanitaruli

mecnierebebi informaciul sazogadoebaSi – II~. masalebi. nawili III. ba-

Tumi: „baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti“, 2014.

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M E M O R I A *

geronti qiqoZe – 130

tician tabiZe – 120

manana kvataia

msoflmxedvelobrivi orientirebis ZiebaSi

namdvili Semoqmedi, `samyaros Rrma mWvreteli da WeS-maritebis wrfeli maZiebeli~, mkiTxvels exmareba, `iqces TviTmyofad pirovnebad – mowydes masobriv cnobierebas, moipovos avtonomiuri TvalTaxedva, TviTSegneba, sulieri samyaro~ (Tamaz vasaZe). es definicia srulad Seesatyviseba geronti qiqoZes, SesaniSnav mwerals, swavluls, kritikoss, publicists, mTargmnels, qarTuli erovnuli ideologiis mamamTavars.

`ganTiadidan SuadRemde~ – geronti qiqoZis biografiis, msoflgancdis, sulieri abrisis saukeTeso wyaro – avtoris msoflmxedvelobrivi konceptebis genezisis, transforma-ciisa da gradaciis istoriasac ireklavs. memuaruli teqsti mogviTxrobs, rom `adamianobis gakveTilebi~ inteleqtua-luri azris momaval saWeTmpyrobels guriis sofel baxvSi SeuTvisebia, Tormet wlamde amave soflis orklasian saswav-lebelSi (anu xuTwledSi) uswavlia, Semdeg `tipiur rusul saxazino skolaSi~ – quTaisis realur saswavlebelSi Cauba-rebia, romelic `miznad ufro adamianis dageSvas isaxavda, vidre interesis gaRviZebas bunebis da mecnierebisadmi~. rusuli revoluciur-demokratiuli Jurnalis wabaZviT sas-

* 2015 wlis 27 maiss SoTa rusTavelis literaturis institutSi Catar-da geronti qiqoZis dabadebidan 130 da tician tabiZis dabadebidan 120 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferencia. rubrikaSi warmodge-nilia samecniero forumze wakiTxul ramdenime moxseneba.

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wavleblis aRsazrdelebs xelnaweri Jurnali `Tanamedrove~ dauarsebiaT, romlis pirvel nomers dimitri SevardnaZis mi-er daxatuli Sileris suraTi amSvenebda. `mzad viyaviT, karl mooriviT da fridrix teliviT iaraRiT gamovsuliyaviT mtarvalebis winaaRmdeg~, – ixsenebs ymawvilobas mwerali.

quTaisis realuri saswavleblis 6 klasis damTavrebis Semdeg gonier Wabuks yurad ar uRia direqtoris rCeva: `germaniaSi nu midixar, iq umaRles saswavlebelSi viwro specialur ganaTlebas iZleviano~, TbilisSi Casula da iqe-dan evropaSi gamgzavrebula. germaniaSi geronti qiqo-Zes aRmouCenia, rom qalaqis mcxovrebTa did nawils iq pro-letariati Seadgenda, Tumca sulieri kulturis yvela sfe-roSi gabatonebuli poziciebi burJuaziul ideologias eWira da ara marqsizms, rogor es ekonomikurad ufro Camor-Cenil ruseTSi iyo.

swavlas mowyurebul axalgazrdas laifcigis univer-sitetis filosofiis fakulteti SeurCevia. rogorc Tvi-Tonve aRniSnavs, Tavis droze es saswavlebeli daumTavre-biaT: laibnics, goeTes, fixtes, Selings da sxvebs. qarTvel students, erTi mxriv, moswonebia cnobili universitetis kargad dayenebuli swavlebis kursi, sistematur Sromas da meTodur azrovnebas rom aCvevda axal Taobebs, amave dros, mas isic SeuniSnavs, rom saswavlebelSi originaluri Semoq-medebiTi sulis Sesusteba igrZnoboda. iqaur swavlulTagan yvelaze saxelganTqmuli laifcigeli profesori vilhelm vundti yofila, gansakuTrebuli gavlena hqonia profe-sor ernst maxs, getingenel profesor edmund huserlis, romelic, qiqoZis TqmiT, obieqturi idealizmis tradiciebs icavda. Tumca wlebis gadasaxedidan swavlebis imdroindel sistemas mwerali ase afasebs: `saeWvod mimaCnia, rom Tund yvelaze saxelovani mecnieris leqciebsa da eqsperimentebs SeeZlos, adamiani filosofosad da fsiqologad aqcios, Tu mas Tandayolili ara aqvs moazrovnis da sulTa mesaidumlis niWi~ (qiqoZe 1985: 557).

laifcigeli qarTveli studentebis ufro aqtiuri nawi-li (7-8 kaci) bolSevikebis jgufSi gaerTianebula, jgufs ki

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xelmZRvanelobda mixeil daviTaSvili, romelic, g. qiqoZis TqmiT, `mzad iyo, Wrilobebi mieRo marqsisa da leninis moZ-Rvrebis dasacavad~. ruseT-iaponiis omis dros qarTveli axalgazrdebi samSobloSi dabrunebulan, radgan romanove-bis monarqiis damxobis imedi gasCeniaT. Tumca studentebi maleve darwmunebulan, rom ruseTis imperia ufro myarad idga fexze, vidre maTTvis sasurveli iyo. saqarTveloSi geronti qiqoZe revoluciur moZraobaSi Cabmula, amasTan, Jurnal `mogzaurSi~ pirvel werilebsac beWdavda. aq `is icavda marqsisa da daselebis pozicias, rac ganpirobebuli iyo... arsebuli reJimisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevis survi-liT~ (e. kodua). geronti qiqoZis imdroindeli mrwamsiT, Se-iaraRebuli ajanyebisaTvis momzadeba revoluciur xanaSi social-demokratiis didi vali iyo (qiqoZe 2003: 51). e. koduas miTiTebiT, axalgazrda geronti male acnobierebs, rom `mar-qsizmi antierovnuli, kosmopolituri Teoria iyo, romelsac ar ainteresebda adamianis bedi~.

1905 wels geronti qiqoZe saqarTveloSi mcire xniT da-akaves da cimbirSi gadasaxlebas mxolod bednieri SemTxve-vis wyalobiT gadaurCa. garkveuli drois Semdeg is kvlav evropaSi dabrunebula da arsebuli realobisa da sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT politiku-ri da zneobrivi idealebi gadaufasebia. `ganvicade sulieri krizisi... me davrwmundi, rom internacionalizmis princi-pebi, cota ar iyos, calmxrivad da abstraqtulad mqonda aT-visebuli~, – wers igi.

amasTan, niWier axalgazrdas sxva eWvic gasCenia. is rwmun-deboda, rom oden filosofosTa fundamenturi Sromebis SeswavliT sasurvel Sedegs ver miiRebda: `SeiZleba igive momsvloda, rac rables pantagruels mouvida, e.i. rac mets viswavlidi, miT ufro ugunuri viqnebodi... ar mecodineboda adamianis suli~ (qiqoZe 1985: 608). gonieri, erudirebuli Wabuki evropul mecnierebaSi amaod eZebda misTvis saWir-boroto kiTxvebis pasuxs. igi TandaTan rwmundeboda, rom sulier sicarieles mxolod floberis romanebiTa da Sope-nis preludiebiT ver amoavsebda. `moazrovnisa da sulTa me-

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saidumlis~ niWiT cxebulma geronti qiqoZem am ukmarisobis mTavar mizezs male miakvlia: `qarTuli kulturis istorias cudad vicnobdi, magram swori intuiciiT vgrZnobdi, rom mxolod Cemi samSoblos kulturul warsulSi SemeZlo mepov-na sanaTuri, romelic bnel gzebs gaminaTebda skepticizmis labirinTSi~.

1910 wels g. qiqoZe kvlav saqarTveloSi dabrunebula. male Jandarmerias daurbevia `saxalxo gazeTi~, social-fe-deralistebis partia da misi beladebi (garda avadmyofi ar-Cil jorjaZisa) daupatimrebia. TanamoazreTa daxmarebis mizniT qiqoZes darbeul gazeTSi sruliad usasyidlod da-uwyia muSaoba, Tumca male isic daukavebiaT da metexis ci-xeSi CausvamT. mTavrobis winaSe amjerad general mayaSvils uSuadgomlia da geronti qiqoZes neba darTes, germaniaSi dabrunebuliyo.

samSoblos ganridebulma qarTvelma swavlulma ganaT-lebis srulyofis mizniT bavariis qalaq miunxens miaSura, romelsac, misi TqmiT, `germaniis aTens~ uwodebdnen. mogvi-anebiT amave misiiT man moiara berni, briuseli, badeni, parizi da a.S. `Cemi samSoblodan gandevnis ukanaskneli dReebi ev-ropaSi gansakuTrebiT gavarvarebul atmosferoSi gavata-re~, – ixsenebs geronti qiqoZe da imasac acnobierebs, rom imJamindeli dasavleT evropis krizisi martooden esTeti-kuri xasiaTisa ar iyo: is uwinaresad msoflmxedvelobisa da zneobrivi idealebis krizisi gaxldaT.

Ziebis procesSi axali orientiri gamoikveTa: safuZvli-anma ganaTlebam da evropulma gamocdilebam g. qiqoZes sam-Soblos aRorZinebis idea STaagona: `me ar vaxdendi qarTveli eris desakralizacias. magram darwmunebuli viyavi, rom Zve-li iberiuli da kolxuri tomebis Camomavlebs jansaRi fes-vebi hqondaT da beberi muxis totebs, mravaljer gasxepilT mtrebis mier, axali norCi ylortebis gamoReba SeeZloT~. `ganTiadidan DSuadRemde~ mogviTxrobs, rom 1914 wlis apri-lis erT Tbil, mzian dRes qarTvelma swavlulma bulonis tyeSi iseirna, gamoemSvidoba megobrebs da samSoblos mo-aSura. oriode TveSi pirveli msoflio omic daiwyo.

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TiTqmis 100 wlis win geronti qiqoZes zustad SeuniSnavs imdroindeli msoflios gansxvavebuli ritmi: `cxovrebis tempi arasodes yofila ase Cqari da aRelvebuli, rogorc dRes aris. gansakuTrebiT warmoebisa da aReb-mimcemobis as-parezze. erovnuli aqtivoba dRevandeli adamianis Tvisebaa~ (qiqoZe 2003: 141).

swavluli kargad acnobierebda, rom gasuli saukunis da-sawyisSi axali teqnikis SemweobiT waiSala Zveli geografi-uli da topografiuli sazRvrebi, saerTaSoriso urTier-Toba ki ufro mWidro da wesieri gaxda. geronti qiqoZis daskvniT, gamanaTebeli Tu gamaTbobeli kulturuli ener-gia dasavleT evropidan eZleoda kacobriobas. amitom, misi azriT, saWiroa, farTod gavaRoT dasavleTis karebi, raTa uxvad Semovides evropuli ideebi da Sexedulebebi: `dasav-leTis karebis gaReba udides sakiTxs warmoadgens yoveli TviTSemcnobi da moqmedi erisaTvis, uamisod mis keras ga-cieba da mis sxeuls gayinva moelis~. g. qiqoZes imedi aqvs, rom `aseT pirobebSi qarTveli eric Tavs daaxwevs viwro da nes-tian senaks, sadac is didxans iyo gamomwyvdeuli da farTo kulturul asparezze gamova~ (`dasavleTis karebi~).

geronti qiqoZis daskvniT, kultura da xelovneba qveynis eqsistencialuri arsebobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobi-saa: `ra azri aqvs iseTi xalxis politikur TviTmmarTvelo-basa da damoukideblobas, romelsac arc kulturosani ena aqvs, arc Taviseburi zne-Cveulebebi, arc ganviTarebuli literatura, xelovneba da msoflmxedveloba. aseT xalxs pirveli gamvleli daepatroneba ise, rom misi Segnebac ki ar aRSfoTdeba~ (qiqoZe 2003: 219).

amasTan, qarTveli moazrovnis dakvirvebiT, `xelovneba, literatura, filosofia erTgvar komforts warmoadgens ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. maTi Seqmna mxolod iseT erebs SeuZliaT, romelnic sakmaod uzrunvelyofilni da morW-mulni arian qonebrivad da, sawarmoo kapitals garda, Tavi-sufali fondic gaaCniaT~. geronti qiqoZe kulturis ar-sebiT maxasiaTebelsac originalurad gaiazrebs: `yoveli namdvili erovnuli kultura avtonomiuria TavisTavad. ki-

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dev meti: yoveli fesvmagari da erovnuli kultura arsebi-Tad damoukidebeli aris~ (`kulturuli avtonomia~). amave dros, pirveli msoflio omis pirobebSi g. qiqoZe fiqrobs, rom `kulturas arasodes ar hqonia ise naTlad garkveuli na-cionaluri elferi, rogoric dRes aqvs~ (iqve, gv. 97-98).

evropaSi ganaTlebamiRebul swavluls samSobloSi wi-naaRmdegobrivi suraTi uxilavs: “erTi mxriT, kosmopolite-bi damxvdnen, romelnic sruliad ararad Tvlidnen qarTul kulturas, xolo meore mxriT, yalbi patriotebi, romelnic mzad iyvnen, kacobriobis kulturis istoria qarTulidan daewyoT~.

cnebaTa da RirebulebaTa aRrevis pirobebSi geronti qiqoZe cdilobda, erovnuli ideologiisa da orientirebis CamoyalibebisaTvis ezruna. is Tanamemamuleebs Seaxsenebda: `axali xana iwyeba kacobriobis istoriaSi. kacobrioba axa-li idealebis mixedviT ewyoba.. yoveli cocxali eri iZule-bulia, Sesaferi adgili gamonaxos am axal saerTaSoriso wyobilebaSi~.

arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, swavluli Camor-Cenili imperiis marwuxebSi moqceuli qarTveli eris menta-lur reformirebasa da WeSmariti Rirebulebebisaken Semob-runebas eswrafoda. am mizniT man sruliad axal, `erovnuli energiis~ eqsistencialur koncepts mimarTa da misi gamov-lena gaanaliza sulieri kulturis sxvadasxva sferoSi. ama-ve saTauris cnobili teqsti 1914 wels `saxalxo gazeTSi~ gamoqveynda da mkiTxvels qveynis sasicocxlo problemati-kis sruliad axleburi xedva SesTavaza. `Cvens mxrebs naTlad atyvia im droSaTa daRi, warsulSi rom gvitarebia~, – erT-er-Ti evropeli mwerlis es aforizmi, g. qiqoZis azriT, im ereb-sac Seefereba, romelTac, qarTvelebis ar iyos, TavianTi warsulis Semecneba sruliad daClungebuli aqvT.

mwerlisa da publicistis maxvil mzeras, upirvelesad, TvalSi xvdeba rogorc misi Tanamedrove, ise warsuli drois saqarTvelos mentaluri gaTiSulobis problema, romelsac igi ori mopirdapire msoflmxedvelobis SejaxebiT xsnis.

geronti qiqoZe iliaseuli pirdapirobiT ganumartavs axali realobiT dabneul da gaurkvevlobis burusSi myof

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Tanamemamuleebs: `cxovreba filanTropuli dawesebuleba rodia, is arc sanatoriumia sisxlnaklebTa da nervebaSlil-TaTvis. cxovreba didi dramaa, titanur ZalTa Setakebaa da dramaSi mxolod imas aqvs adgili, vinc mudmiv mzadaa Tav-dacvisa da brZolisaTvis~. Sesabamisad, mwerali sakuTar xalxs aqtiurobisaken mouwodebs: `qarTvelma erma TviT un-da gasWedos Tavisi bedi. man unda aamoZraos materialuri, sawarmoo Zalebi, man saZirkveli unda Cauyaros Tanamedrove meurneobasa da industrias, gawmindos Tavisi ena ucxo ele-mentebisagan, Seqmnas axali mwerloba da xelovneba. uamisod mas adgili ara aqvs Tanamedrove erTa did kulturul ojaxSi~.

qveynis am masStabur modernizebas uzarmazari Zalis-xmevac sWirdeboda. geronti qiqoZe acnobierebda, rom `yve-laze didi nakli erovnebisaTvis uenergioba da unayofobaa da rom am nakls verasodes ver dafaravs umWevrmetyvelesi kosmopolituri frazeologia~. publicisti cdilobda, Ta-na-memamuleTaTvis ganesazRvra umTavresi amocana: `Cven ki dRes erovnuli razmebi gvWirdeba, erovnuli disciplinis gamoaSkaraveba da erovnuli energiis gaSla~, – paTetikurad mouwodebda igi.

werilSi `erovneba da teritoria~ (`saxalxo gazeTi~, 1914 w. ##117-118, 120, 124) g. qiqoZe damoukidebeli nacionaluri saxelmwifosa da avtonomiis konceptebs ganmartavs. maTgan pirvels gaTviTcnobierebuli erovnebis Sesafer politi-kur formas uwodebs, meore, misi azriT, `mxolod safexu-ria am idealis misaRwevad~. geronti qiqoZisaTvis `erovneba cocxali organizmia da is mwvave tkivilebs ganicdis, sanam Sesafer politikur formas ipovides~.

qarTveli swavlulis dakvirvebiT, `urTierToba erovne-basa da teritorias Soris organulia da ara meqanikuri. erovneba warmoadgens organul arsebas da teritoria misi bunebrivi safuZvelia. erovnuli teritoria iseTive `mouci-lebeli moTxovnilebaa~, rogorc erovnuli kulturis ar-seboba, zrda da ganviTareba SeuZlebelia uteritoriod~. Tavisi sivrciTa da saerTaSoriso mdgomareobiT saqarTvelo g. qiqoZes belgiasa da Sveicarias agonebs da ara ruseTs Tu avs-

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trias. Sesabamisad, misi fiqriT, avtonomiurad Tavisufali saqarTvelos politika imperialisturi da militaristuli mimarTulebis arasodes iqneba: `Cveni momavali aris ara mili-tarizmsa da omebSi, aramed Tavisufal kulturul Semoq-medebaSi~ (`saxalxo gazeTi~, 1914 w. ##117-118, 120, 124).

geronti qiqoZe imasac acnobierebs, rom axal pirobebSi Camoyalibda misi Tanamedrove adamianis gansxvavebuli tipi: nerviuli, mousvenari, energiuli, romlisTvisac `es qveyana farTo saxelosnoa, Tavad ki damoukidebeli ostati~. pub-licistis azriT, saqarTvelo am TvalsazrisiTac CamorCeni-lia: xalxs aklia sistematuri, auCqarebeli, mizanSewonili Sromis unari. `bunebiT mouTmenelni varT da SemTxveviT an ucabedad gamdidrebaze vocnebobT. am mxriv saSualo sau-kuneebis mekobreebsa da raindebs ufro vgevarT, vidre Tana-medrove adamianebs~, – wers igi da Tanamemamuleebs aqtiuri qmedebisaken mouwodebs, radgan… `oqros mindvrebi ar arse-bobs. oqros silas ki Segroveba, gawmenda da gadadnoba unda, e.i. xangrZlivi da meToduri muSaoba. Cven gvgonia, rom saer-TaSoriso kapitalizmi erT mSvenier dRes Cvenzec moiRebs mowyalebas, aamoZravebs da ganaviTarebs Cvens samSoblos sawarmoo Zalebs... es fatalisturi rwmenac erTgvari naS-Tia warsuli droebisa~. g. qiqoZe ganmartavs, rom `erovnul simdidres mxolod cocxali erovnuli energia qmnis~. amave dros, misi rwmeniT, Cveni qveynisaTvis kapitalizmi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneba xelsayreli, Tuki es ganviTareba Cvenive mwarmoebeli klasebis SemweobiT moxdeba. geronti qiqoZe SeuZleblad miiCnevs samoqalaqo cxovrebis gamococxlebas, Tu Cvens bunebriv simdidreebs ucxoeli kapitalistebi daepatronebian.

qarTveli swavluli pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg Cvens qveyanaSi ucxouri kapitalis farTo Semotevas elodeba (ix. misi `ucxo kapitali~, `saxalxo furceli~, 1915, № 234), rac, misi dakvirvebiT, ama Tu am qveynisaTvis safrTxe ar gaxlavT, `Tu mas win ganviTarebuli erovnuli Segneba da damoukide-beli politikuri Zala egebeba.… magram, roca qveyana erovnul Segnebasa da saxelmwifo Zalas moklebulia, ucxo kapitalis

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gavlena pirdapir gamanadgurebeli xdeba~, – wers qiqoZe. ama-ve dros, mas swams, rom saerTaSoriso ekonomikur ferxulSi Cveni burJuaziac Caebmeba da kapitalis dagroveba-koncen-tracia CvenSic daiwyeba.

1916 wels gazeT `saqarTvelos~ (№187) daubeWdavs geron-ti qiqoZis werili `meurneoba da erovnuli energia~, sadac gaanalizebulia im dros araCveulebrivi tempiT mzardi mi-mosvlisa da aReb-mimcemobis tendenciebi: `Sromis ganawile-ba saerTaSoriso xdeba. msoflio ekonomikuri wes-wyobileba emsgavseba erT did saxelosnos, romelSic TiToeuli wevri iseT rames akeTebs, rac ufro iafad ujdeba da exerxeba~, – vkiTxulobT werilSi.

geronti qiqoZe originalurad da pragmatulad gaiaz-rebs Sromis ganawilebisa da specializaciis problemas. misTvis amosavali qveynis klimaturi pirobebia, romlis mixedviT, saqarTvelos zogierTi kuTxe SeiZleba mTlad ve-naxad gadaiqces, zogierTi – xexilis baRad (Savi zRvis piras – Tambaqo, Cai, dafna da a.S.). magram, swavlulis dakvirvebiT, CvenSi Sromis aseTi danawileba ar xdeba, erovnuli energia unayofod ikargeba. amave dros, Cvens meurneobas Seferxebis umTavresi mizezic aqvs: `esaa Cveni umecreba da mconareoba~. g. qiqoZe xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom mowinave erebis meurneo-ba racionalur codnasa da mecnierebazea dafuZnebuli, Cven ki `dResac daaxloebiT ise vxnavT da vTesavT, rogorc Cveni Soreuli winaprebi~, Cveni saxnisebi da orTiTebi ki amJamad muzeumebs ufro Seefereba. am sirTuleTa dasaZlevad g. qi-qoZe Tanamemamuleebs qveyanaSi sameurneo ganaTlebis gavr-celebas urCevs, amasTan, is swavla-ganaTlebis mimarTulebi-Tac ukmayofiloa: `Cven exla ufro kargi qvismTlelebi, meCeqmeebi da meurneebi gvWiria, vidre cudi veqilebi, eqime-bi an moxeleebi~.

Tavis konceptualur opusebSi geronti qiqoZem qarTuli realobis mravali saWirboroto problema gaanaliza. ker-Zod, mwerlobis ganviTarebis gzebs man miuZRvna `literatu-ra da erovnuli energia~ (ix. `saxalxo furceli~, 1915, #241), sadac publicisti marTebulad gansazRvravs literaturis

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rols kulturosani erebis cxovrebaSi. mwerloba, misi az-riT, didi socialuri Zalaa, erovnuli energiis gaRvivebas rom uwyobs xels. qiqoZe kritikuladaa ganwyobili mxatvru-li saxeebiTa da SinaarsiT Raribi misive Tanamedrove qarTu-li mwerlobis mimarT. is, rom CvenSi bevrad meti lirikuli leqsi iwereba, vidre moTxroba, romani da drama, qiqoZis az-riT, imis maCvenebelicaa, rom Cvens mwerlobas SemoqmedebiTi energia aklia. kritikoss isic aSfoTebs, rom qarTvel xalxs jer kidev ar Seuqmnia Tanamedrove romani. es imas niSnavs, rom `mas jer kidev ar aRmouCenia Tavisi esTetiuri saxe~. amave dros, misi TqmiT, mecxramete saukune socialuri da fsiqologiuri romanis saukunea, sadac gamoixata `Tanamed-rove evropuli kulturis simdidre, Zalovaneba, mraval-feradoba~.

geronti qiqoZes swams, rom… qarTul sityvakazmul mwer-lobas aRorZineba moelis, amisaTvis ki `Cvens dRevandel literaturas ZiriTadi reforma sWiria: is daxavsebulia teqnikurad da Raribi ideurad~. reformireba aucilebeli procesia, radgan sityvakazmuli mwerloba erTi udide-si elementia Cveni erovnuli energiis gasaZliereblad da gasaviTareblad.

aranakleb kritikuli da eqspresiulia 1914 wels `saxal-xo furcelSi~ dabeWdili `ena da erovnuli energia~, sadac g. qiqoZe qarTuli enis ganviTarebis problemebs ganixilavs. misi TqmiT, `ena ar aris sityvaTa da gamoTqmaTa mkvdari leq-sikoni, is cocxali salaroa ideaTa da emociaTa~ da, rac uf-ro mdidaria eris istoriuli warsuli, miT ufro mraval-ferovania misi ena. geronti qiqoZe qarTvelobas energiuli erebis ricxvs akuTvnebs, radgan es energia gamoixata ara marto taZrebSi, cixe-koSkebSi Tu mis mier gadatanil omeb-Si, aramed enasa da literaturaSi. Tumca kritikosisaTvis misi Tanamedrove ena da, Sesabamisad, azrovneba, uformo da uenergioa, aRar arsebobs masStaburoba. ioane petriwis, SoTa rusTavelis, vaxtang meeqvsisa da daviT guramiSvilis memkvidreebi TavianT SemoqmedebaSi eskizebsa da miniatu-rebs ver scdebian.

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am savalalo mdgomareobidan gamosvlisaTvis g. qiqoZe Tanamemamuleebs qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobisa da xalxu-ri enis Seswavlas urCevs, radgan `qarTuli literaturuli ena ise unda gaiwmindos, rom ar gaRaribdes~. gamdidrebuli ena ki, kritikosis azriT, `saukeTeso iaraRi iqneba mTliani saqarTvelos ideis gasamtkiceblad. is xels Seuwyobs Zlieri erovnuli azrovnebis ganviTarebasac~. dResac aqtualurad JRers g. qiqoZis Segoneba: `qarTuli ena imdenad mdidari, kulturuli da keTilxmovania, rom is WeSmaritad Rirsia meti pativiscemisa~.

1919 wels, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis ar-sebobisas, geronti qiqoZis `erovnuli energia~ calke wignad daibeWda, is 255 gverds moicavda. komunisturi teroris pi-robebSi es gamocema represirebuli wignebis ricxvSi aRmoC-nda. dRes `erovnuli energia~, iseve, rogorc mwerlis mTeli inteleqtualuri memkvidreoba, kvlav Zlieri, Tavisufali saqarTvelos ideals emsaxureba. geronti qiqoZis naazrevi Tavis sistemur mkvlevars elis!

damowmebani:

qiqoZe 1985: qiqoZe g. werilebi, eseebi, narkvevebi. Tbilisi: `merani~,

1985.

qiqoZe 2003: qiqoZe g. patara eris xvedri. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba,

2003.

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maia jaliaSvili

dionisuri tician tabiZis poeziaSi

1919 wlis 31 marts stambolidan baTums britaneTis ge-miT mimavali grigol robaqiZe wers leqss `tician tabiZes~, romelSic Tavis axalgazrda megobars, cisferi ordenis rainds, dionisos Zmadnafics uwodebs. saqarTveloSi `mo-dernizmis saxarebis mqadagebeli~ mwerali ticianis poezi-iT aRtacebas gamoxatavs, mis SemoqmedebaSi xedavs Zvel qu-rumTa `locvis Teslebs~, `izidas sareclebs~ da `qaldeas sizmrebs~, aRiarebs misi `cxeli zmanebis~ idumalebas:

`Ramis gubeSi galeSili bneli qaosi SenSi apirebs munji ritmis uxvad amocras, ros mogesxmeba luSi lirwi misi xavosi, – yiviliT isvri saidumlo sityvas saocars ar SegeSindes Zneli cnobis: bavSo tician: rom dioniso Seni Cumi Zmadnaficia~.

marTlac, mZafrad Cqefda ticianis arsebasa da poeziaSi dionisuri, rac, upirvelesad, realobasTan dapirispirebaSi, meamboxe suliskveTebaSi, fantasmagoriul warmosaxvebSi, KAkarnavalur saxeebSi, kosmosTan poeturi sityvis meSveobiT ziarebaSi mJRavndeboda. sagulisxmoa, rom cisferyanwelebi, romelTa esTetikuri Sexedulebebis mTavari Teoretikosi ticiani iyo, TavianT jgufs ordens uwodebdnen. maT Sua sa-ukuneebis raindebiviT uSeRavaTo brZola uwevdaT qarTul poeziaSi gamefebul Sablonebsa da stereotipebTan, rom-lebic aRaribebdnen qarTul sityvas, mis esTetikur faseulobas:

`did poetebis var nabolarada vebrZvi sityvas – magarfesvians,Camoefare mwuxris olaradqarTlis momaval poets – mesias~.

(`warwera wignze `cxeni angelosiT~)

…`leqsebis WaxaWuxi ismoda ara marto Cvens oTaxebSi, uf-ro xSirad quCebSi, `qimerionSi~, gansakuTrebiT ki rusTave-

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lis prospeqtze, ganTiadisas, roca leqsebis musika uerTde-boda beRurebis dilis JivJivs~, – igonebda Salva afxaiZe (tabiZe 2002: 136).

tician tabiZe qarTuli poeziis ̀ evropis radiusiT~ gamar-Tvaze, momaval qarTvel poetSi `rusTavelisa da malarmes~ SeerTebaze ocnebobda. quTaisi warmoedgina rodenbaxis `mkvdar briuged~ da bohemuri ganwyobilebebiT axal poezias amkvidrebda, romelic rusTvelis, besikisa Tu guramiSvilis poetur saxismetyvelebas unda dafuZneboda: `pirvelad Cven SemovitaneT qarTul leqsSi sityvebi, romlebic gandevnili iyo, an sul ar ixmareboda. pirvelad daiwera namdvili sone-tebi, tercinebi, trioletebi, riTmas axali gasaqani mieca. axleburad viyenebdiT aliteraciebsa da asonansebs. bod-leris, verlenis, rembos, laforgis da sxva frangi da rusi poetebis Targmanebma gaafarToves poeturi Temebisa da sa-xeebis are. qarTulma leqsma axleburi JReradoba SeiZina~, – werda tician tabiZe (tabiZe 2002: 141).

mxolod poeti Tu igrZnobs srulyofilad ticianis di-onisuri vnebis Zalas, amitomac wers Aandrei beli: `ticiani vulkania, azrebs rom afrqvevs... misi mgznebareba Tavbrus gaxvevs, frTebs Slis, kosmiur azrovnebas iZens~ (tabiZe 2002: 173). muxran maWavariani: `leqsi mravalnairia: niaRvariviT leqsi, naRverdaliviT leqsi, qariSxaliviT leqsi... ticianis leqsi niaRvaricaa da naRverdalic. cecxli da wyalia erT-maneTs Sezelili, romelic lavasaviT moizlazneba da niaR-variviT gaimtvreva aqa-iq. ticianis wignidan imgvari almuri mebdRvna, gaxurebul ToneSi Camexedos TiTqos~ (tabiZe 2002: 139).

dionisos misteriebis mxatvruli gaazreba msoflio da qarTuli modernistuli literaturis mZlavri Senakadia. grigol robaqiZis „gvelis perangSi“, konstantine gamsaxur-dias „dionisos Rimilsa“ da demna Sengelaias „sanavardoSi“ dionisuris gancda Txrobis xerxemali da mTavar personaJTa saxeebis gaazrebis gasaRebia.

grigol robaqiZe werilSi `dionises kulti da saqarT-velo~ aanalizebs dionisos fenomenis arss: `mTeli istoria

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qarTvelebisa dionisuri misteriaa Tavis Tavad: sikvdili da sicocxle, gaqroba da aRdgena, – mgoni Cvenze ufro mkveT-rad sxva xalxs ar ganucdia da arc aris qarTvel erSi Savi me-lanqolia, erovnuli pesimizmiT gamowveuli. qarTvelma erma yvelaze ufro mZafrad mohkveTa Zvel hellinTa dionisuri `siyvaruli bedisadmi~ (amor fati) sams sityvaSi: `rac mox-des, moxdes~, igi mainc dionisurs gunebazea da mReris mudam `mravalJamiers~. `mraval Jamier~ – ukanaskneli xazia saqarT-veloSi aTamaSebuli `dionisurobis~ (robaqiZe 1988: 12).

bedisweris dionisuri siyvaruliTaa gaJRenTili tician tabiZis `leqsi mewyeri~:

`me ar vwer leqsebs, leqsi TviTon mwers,

Cemi sicocxle am leqss Tan axlavs.

leqss me vuwodeb movardnil mewyers,

rom gagitans da cocxlad dagmarxavs~.

amave leqsSi naxsenebi gaSlili vaSlis yvavilebidan da-badeba metaforulad mianiSnebs poetis bunebasTan erTi-anobaze. aprilis Tve bunebis gaRviZebis, ganaxlebis droa. sicocxle Tavidan ibadeba, samyaro TiTqos axldeba. apri-lis Tve da vaSlis gaSlili yvavilebi poetisTvis is wiaRia, saidanac mudmivad iRebs sicocxlisTvis, ganaxlebisTvis aucilebel energias. am striqonebSi upirvelesad, sulieri, poeturi Soba igulisxmeba. misi Soba iseTive mSvenieria, ro-goric gazafxulze vaSlis yvavilebis gaSla, rogorc po-ezia. sworedac samyaroseuli mSvenierebaa misi mSobeli. ti-cian tabiZes sjeroda, rom poeziis gziT adamiani moipovebda ezoTerul codnas, amitomac werda Teimuraz maRlaferiZe: `igi intuituri, grZnobis pirvelyofili siCviliT warmo-Sobil poezias aniWebda upiratesobas civi inteleqtiT ga-jerebul poeziasTan SedarebiT~ (tabiZe 2002: 31).

am intuiciiT cdilobda Caswvdomoda qarTvelis eris fesvebs da misi poeturi mzera acocxlebda mzeze damwvar qaldeas, qarTvelTa pirvelsacxovriss, robaqiZiseul kar-dus, eris ukvdav suls daeZebda isic poeturi sityvis ZaliT:

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`Zveli qaldea wvavs ocnebas da eZaxis suls,

oqros leqsebSi me vumRereb didebul warsuls~.

(`qaldeas mze~)

Tomas mani werda vagnerze: `erTbaSad naTdeba perspeq-tiva da adamianuri xilvebis upirveles da uadres xatebTan gvabrunebs... Tamuzsa da adoniss... ozirissa da dionisos... yovelives swvdeba es miTiuri mzera~ (mani 1995: 23). amgvari `miTiuri mzera~ hqonda tician tabiZesac, rac misi leqsebis mravalSrianobas, erTgvar palimfsesturobas ganapirobebda.

sikvdilis gadalaxvis dionisuri gancda moCans mis leq-sebSi, magaliTad:

`aqedan vici, me rom movkvdebi,

am leqss rom vambob, esec darCeba,

erT poets mainc gulze moxvdeba

da es eyofa gamosarClebad~.

(`leqsi mewyeri~)

rogorc cnobilia, dionises miTs gansakuTrebuli yu-radReba miaqcies nicSem da vagnerma, romelTa did gavlenas ganicdidnen modernisti mwerlebi da, maT Soris, grigol robaqiZe.

grigol robaqiZem dionisos fenomenSi sami aspeqti ga-mokveTa. pirveli: mwerali saubrobs dioniso pirvelze – zagreize – Zevesis Zeze, romelsac titanebi miityueben sarkesTan, romelSic umzers Tavis gamosaxulebas. es aris pirveli simbolo individuaciisa, anu ganpirovnebisa. zag-rei gaiqceva da iqceva sxvadasxva sxeulad (meore simbolo individuaciis), bolos, roca xarad iqceva, titanebi daewe-vian da daglejen mis sxeuls nawil-nawil (mesame simbolo in-dividuaciis) da ylapaven mas. mxolod mis guls ixsnis aTina. Zevesi gawyreba da anacrebs titanebs cecxliT, am nacridan warmodga adamianTa modgma. dionisos guls Zevesi ylapavs da Semdgom, SeuerTdeba ra senelas, warmoSobs ̀ meore dionisos~. meore: adamiani warmodgeba ori elementisagan: dionisurisa da titanurisagan, dionisuri elementi iswrafvis, Seuer-Tdes axals dionisos saddaisSi (diads yovladobaSi); tita-

263

nuri elementi akavebs adamians individuaciis (ganpirovne-bis) rkalSi. adamianis vali: moreva Tavis TavSi titanurisa. saSualeba `orfikuli sicocxle~. mesame: suli adamianisa ukvdavia, xolo ar aris Tavisufali: igi moqceulia dabade-bisa da sikvdilis usazRvro `rkalSi~. orfikuli sicocxle aTavisuflebs suls amTaviTve: saWiroa mravali da TandaTan `sxvadqceva~ saaqaos. roca mTels rigs ̀ cdaTa~ gaivlis, suls SeuZlia Semdgom savsebiT eziaros dionisos, iqces erTsxe-ul masTan” (robaqiZe 1988: 11). `ganpirovnebis~ ganmartebis-Tvis grigol robaqiZe anaqsimandres aforizms moixmobs: pi-rovani yofisTvis yoveli arsis ukanaskneli xvedri sikvdi-lia. `pirovanoba~ TavisTavad yoveli siavis saTavea: unda daimsxvres lamazi WurWeli individualobisa. – igi sxivosa-ni Cvenebaa mxolod. (Zvel indoelTa `maia~) – igi SemTxveviTi maskaa arsis (Zvel indoelTa `upadxi~) – da WurWelSi moqce-uli piradi nakaduli sicocxlisa unda SeerTos msoflio uZiro denas. aq aris `msxverpli~ da `mwirveli~. dionisos kulti msxverplis Sewirvaa” (robaqiZe 1988: 11).

poeturi saxismetyvelebis, gamudmebuli `gardasaxvis~ gziT tician tabiZec aRwevs amgvar upirovnobas, roca me samyaros nawilad aRiqmeba. es erTgvari msxverplSewirvaa – msxverplad Sewirva tician tabiZis poeziis Zlieri paTosia: msxverplSewirva samSoblosTvis, RvTisTvis, siyvarulis-Tvis da, rac yvelaze idumalia, TviTSemecnebisTvis.

`minda movifrTxna am Saragzaze, minda gavixsna guli alali, me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze, Sen Cem sikvdilSi ar gidevs brali~.

(`me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze~)

`garCenili var qvebze kalmaxida axeuli maqvs layuCebi,

SemarTulia fexze Caxmaxi

da usikvdilod ver gadvurCebi.

ase kvdeboda albaT aTasi

da mowmed hyavdaT es ananuri,

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es aris Cemi mgosnobis fasi

da TviTmkvlelobis iavnanuri~.

(`ananurTan~)

`ar gamocvlila xom poezia

– muzebi ciskris karebs aReben,

xolo Cven sxva dro wamogvewia,

Cvenc albaT sadme CagvaZaRleben~.

`ubralod vkvdebiT mearRneebi da poetebi,

magram Cven albaT Tavis mokvlac gvepatieba~.

(`mearRneebi da poetebi~)

`davbadebulvar, rom viyo mona,

da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~.

`gdioda leqsi, Sen, rogorc sisxli~.

(`sergei esenins~)

TviTSemecneba poeturi niRbebis cvlis gziT ticianis poeziis xerxemalia, aq uxvad gxvdeba sxvadasxva niRabi, is-toriul, miTologiur Tu literaturul personaJTa: pie-rosi, kolombinasi, magisa da sxv.

`aziur xalaTSi, viT faSa efendi, vocnebob baRdaTze moRlili dendi, vfurclav malarmes „Divagations“-s~.

(`avtoportreti~)

`birgamiis tye... qaldeas Crdili, lordi piero moRunul kuziT, ledi makbeti perang gaxdili

gadamTvral stumrebs muxlebze uziT~.

(`birgamiis tye~)

grigol robaqiZe werda: `im kultebSi, saca `cvla~ yofis saidumlod iyo gamocxadebuli, `qceva~ maskiT xdeboda. magaliTad, dionisos kultSi. `me~ unda gaixsnas, unda gair-Rves. arsi unda gadavides yovladSi. pirovneba unda eziaros zepirovnuls. es aris dionisos fenomeni. da mere rogori iyo rituali am fenomenis – maskis afareba, maskis, romelic dionisos saxavda~ (robaqiZe 1989: 341).

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Sopenhaueri, rogorc cnobilia, `qadagebda~ msoflio Seucnobel nebaze. es neba ar eqvemdebareboda aranair logi-kur formasa da filosofiur sistemas. Sopenhauerma ira-cionaluri, aracnobieri samyaros kvleviT xelovnebas axali gzebi dausaxa. igi fiqrobda, rom mxolod musika, uwmindesi iracionaluroba asaxavda msoflio nebas. musika siamovnebas aniWebda adamianebs, radgan aTavisuflebda yovelgvari moq-medebisagan da, amgvarad, msoflio nebisganac. `adamians Se-saZleblobas aZlevda, inteleqtiT ganeWvrita msoflio ira-cionaluri qaosi. nebisa da moqmedebis uaryofa, inteleqtad `gardasaxva~ da yvelafris Wvreta, rogorc mxatvruli si-namdvilisa – swored es iyo Sopenhaueris esTetika~ (losevi 1988: 153).

ticianis poeziaSic, rogorc sazogadod, modernistul xelovnebaSi, aqcentirda orplanianoba (Sopenhaueris msof-lio neba da ideebis samyaro, nicSes apoloni da dionise, uaildis esTetizmi da filosofiuri sistema). sazogadod, realizmi ar uaryofda esTetikur orplanianobas, magram `modernizmma erTmaneTs daaSora nawili da mTeli, sagani da feri. xelovnebis mravalplaniani struqturidan moderniz-mi gamohyofda mxolod erT mxares da sxvebi `STainTqmebo-da~. xSirad igi gadaWarbebul yuradRebas aqcevda maxinjsa da uazros. amitomac modernizmi gaxda `simaxinjis filoso-fia~ (yiasaSvili 1988: 154).

`CemTvis samSoblo saxveviamSrali balRamis.dawyevlili mindvrebs gaumzadebsmSier kaliebs~.

(„mRvdeli da malaria“)

tician tabiZis poeziaSic samyaros mTlianoba sul sxva-nairad iqna moazrebuli. aq erT sibrtyeze moeqca miTi, is-toria, kultura da adamiani (rogorc mxatvruli teqstis subieqti) swored am sibrtyeze proecirda.

dionisuri misteria mis poeziaSi warmoCenilia, rogorc sicocxlis nawili. es sicocxle ki gaazrebulia ara mxolod rogorc konkretuli kacisa, aramed kacobriobisa.

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dionise amxels, erTi mxriv, adamianis nebas, mis iraciona-lizms, rac cnobier samyaroSi xorcieldeba amboxiT, Sfo-TiT, xolo, meore mxriv, swrafviT saidumlos axsnisken, da-farulSi SeRwevisken, daketilis gaRebisken, rac ̀ zedapirze~ irekleba gansxvavebuli moqmedebebiT.

dionisos miTSi moTxrobili ambavi, rogorc aRniSnavs zviad gamsaxurdia: `migviTiTebs adamianis sulSi RvTaeb-rivis dabadebasa da mis Semdgom bedze~ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 47). dioniso, igive RvTaebrivi sawyisi, romelic Cndeba ada-mianSi, idevneba Cveulebrivi cnobierebis (qalRmerT heras) mier, romelic Seusevs mas qvena bunebas (titanebs) da daag-lejinebs. amgvarad, adamianSi RvTaebrivi rCeba dafleTil-danawevrebuli, rogorc grZnobad-gansjiTi codna, magram Tu damxmared moevlineba umaRlesi, qmediTi sibrZne (zev-si), maSin dioniso kvlav aRorZindeba adamianSi. ase ibadeba danawevrebuli RvTaebrivi Zalisgan sibrZne – mTliani da ganuyofeli, igive, logosi, romelic Zea RvTisa da mokvdavi dedisa – warmavlobisa (romelic aracnobierad iltvis RvTa-ebrivisken). ase rom, am miTis gancdiT adamiani gaiazrebs sa-kuTar arsebas da Seimecnebs idumals, swvdeba dafaruls.

ticianis poeziaSi daglejil-dafleTili dioniso, igive RvTaebrivi sawyisi, aRdgeba poeziis saSualebiT, amitomac aris misTvis poeturi sityva xsnis erTaderTi gza. cxovre-bis jojoxeTSi masac iseve miuZRvebian samoTxisken frangi Tu qarTveli poetebi, rogorc virgiliusi miuZRveboda win dantes `RvTaebriv komediaSi~.

tician tabiZisTvis poezia gzaa rogorc horizontalze (sivrculi xatebi), aseve, vertikalze (simboloebiT sul-Si CaRrmaveba). es gza rTulia, winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse, mravalferovani. RvTaebrivis qvecnobieri wyurvili mas `Seaxvedrebs~ dionisosTan – masSive dabadebul RvTaebriv naperwkalTan. lirikuli gmiri iwyebs sakuTari Tavis Semec-nebas, Tavisi adgilis Ziebas rogorc sazogadoebaSi, aseve, zogadad, samyaroSi. RvTaebrivis wyurvils masSi ewinaaRm-degeba Cveulebrivi cnobiereba, miwieri survilebiT gaJRen-Tili. RvTaebrivsa da miwiers Soris konfliqti warmoCenilia im mravalsaxovan vnebaSi, romelic mis poeziaSi gvxvdeba.

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dioniso gaiazreba, agreTve, rogorc adamianis umaRle-si `me~, romelic adamianis qvena bunebaSia damkvidrebuli da iRviZebs sulSi. Rvino-simbolo sulieri WeSmaritebisa da cxovrebisa, bangavs da auZlurebs qvena bunebas. tician tabiZis poeziis lirikuli gmiric xSirad etaneba Rvinosa da Trobas. misTvis RviniT, siyvaruliT da sityviT loToba erT sibrtyeSi gaiazreba. amasve gamoxatavda jgufisa da Jurna-lis saxeli `cisferi yanwebi~. amasve `qadagebda~ bodleri, Trobas mieZaleT, raTa ar eymoT mtanjvel droso.

`damisxiT, Zmebo, damalevineT,

amivseT yanwi wiTel RvinoTi,

saqarTveloSi bevri maginebs,

miumateben, rom me var loTi~.

(`dasabamidan~)

dioniso – zevsis mier gadarCenili da nisas gamoqva-bulSi aRzrdili (e. i. sulis aracnobier siRrmeSi) – aris mistikuri dioniso, romelic gaazrebulia, rogorc simbolo arqetipuli kacisa. tician tabiZe poeziiT sakuTar TavSi dionisos, e. i. umaRlesi `mes~ aRmoCeniT miuaxlovdeba `ar-qetipul kacs~, romelic Seesabameba qristianobis pirvel-qmnil zeciur adam kadmons.

cxovreba – jer ruseTis imperiis gubernia, mere samwli-ani damoukidebloba, mere Zaladobrivi sabWoTa reJimi – es poetisTvis igive gamoqvabuli iyo, erTgvari jojoxeTi:

`cxovrebav, xelSi maqvs me Seni sadave, /rom es jojo-xeTi samoTxed gaqcio~ (`avtoportreti~).

Tavis mes, RvTaebriv wiaRs is poeziis gziT ubrundebo-da. cxovrebis talaxiT gasvrili poeturi warmosaxvebiT ganiwmindeboda, Tumca es `dabruneba~, rogorc aRvniSneT, mas msxverplSewirvis fasad ujdeboda:

`mwveli ocnebiT vkocni nakvalevs,vigoneb mimqral qaldeas sizmrebs,mogv winaparTa suli gvavalebs,

ar gaveyaroT damwvar qimerebs~.

(`qaldeas sizmrebi~)

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poetis ltolva Tanabar vlindeba qristianulisa Tu warmarTulisadmi. erTi mxriv, dionisos `asdevnebia~, meore mxriv, wminda giorgis. safiqrebelia, rom mis qvecnobierSi es ltolvebi ibadebian erTi Ziridan, wiaRidan, safuZvli-dan. es aris maradiuli wyurvili ukan, Sin dabrunebisa. Sin – zeciur samyofelSi, maradiulobaSi, sulTa saufloSi.

holderlinis azriT, dioniso gaiazreba, rogorc qris-tes Zma, qarTul warmarTul warmodgenebSi ki wminda giorgi dionisos `naTesavia~.

orivem miiRo sikvdili – sruli tanjva da orive aRdga. orivesTvis Rvino aris sakraluri sasmeli.

odesRac samyaroSi RvTaebrivi xelSesaxebi iyo, Semdeg daikarga da adamianis mexsierebis bnel kunWulebSi Caimar-xa. Semoqmedi mxatvruli sityvis ZaliT gamoixmobs xolme am warsuls, romlis saSualebiTac eziareba wmindas da mkiTx-velsac uRviZebs mis wyurvils.

`poetebi Rvinis RmerTis wminda raindebiviT daxetia-loben qveynidan qveyanaSi – wminda RameSi. isini Seicnoben miTis WeSmaritebas da aTanamedroveben TavianT simRerebSi~ (hiubneri 1996:353).

poemaSi „cxeni angelosiT“ poeturi xilvis gziT erT sib-rtyeze irekleba miTi, istoria, awmyo. warmarTuli da qris-tianuli erTmaneTs gamsWvalaven. qristesTan erTad moCans wminda giorgi:

`apokalifsis TeTri imedi,

gza Soreuli

qimeria, qaldea, JRali kavkasi,

saqarTvelos beds mxolod cxeniT Tu daewevi.

morbixarT TeTri – marto imedi

cxeni angelosiT~.

(„cxeni angelosiT“)

tician tabiZe werilSi `cisferi yanwebiT~ wers: `Cven SeviqeniT qristianebi, xolo misi asketuri filosofia Cven-gan Sors iyo. Cven davrCiT isev warmarTebi. SeiZleba imitom, rom qristianebi viyaviT qristianobamde. Cven suli usxe-

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ulod ver warmogvedgina da sxeuli ki usulod~ (tabiZe 2002: 95).

grigol robaqiZem, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs, monaxa Tormeti naTesauri muxli dionisosa da TeTr giorgis So-ris. `rogor? – wers igi. TeTri giorgi Zma – naSieri mzeosani laSaris da mTvaris Tu mTvaruli dionisos kulti? am ucna-urobis axsna arc ise Znelia... movigonoT, rom laSari miTi-uri realobaa anu Sinagani sinamdvile qarTvelTa tomisa. SesaZloa, am tomis `wvam~ laSariT iklo erTxel, maSin uka-nasknelis mzeobac daiklebda. igi, rogorc `xati~, sisxl-naklulad gamoCndeboda, sxivmkrTalad, anu `mTvared~. rac Seexeba TeTri giorgis dionisur muxls, amis Sesaxeb iTqmis Semdegi: dionisos buneba cvalebadia. didi miTosmkvlevaris baxofenis mowmobiT, dioniso vlindeba: xan rogorc xto-nuri arsi, xan rogorc mTvaris Tanaziari, xan ki rogorc na-Telmdgeni, apolons SeZmobilebuli. safiqrelia, rom TeTri giorgi dionises meore variantia. am variants baxofeni naT-lavs ase: `vnebuli mze~ . arsad ise ar `vnebula~ mze, rogorc saqarTveloSi da saxeldeba `vnebuli~ mze pirdapir TeTr giorgizea gamoWrili~ (robaqiZe 1991: 15). ̀ mTel saqarTvelo-Si dResaswauloben 23 aprils, Zveli stiliT, wminda giorgis dResaswauls, TeTri giorgis, rogorc is xSirad iwodeba da, romelic qristianulad gadaTargmnili qarTveli dionisea~ (robaqiZe 1991: 15).

konstantine gamsaxurdia werda: `amitomac dioniso – RmerTi Trobis da Svebisa qristian nicSes sxvanairad ver warmoedgina, Tu arada jvarzed `jvarcmuli dionisos~ – es erTi ukanaskneli winadadebaTagania momakvdav nicSesi. mas ise Rrmad hqonda jvarze gakruli iesos vizioneruli saxe gulSi aRbeWdili, rom TviT eladuri Svebis maxarobeli RmerTic jvars acva Tavis hibridul warmodgenaSi~. `zekaci da dioniso niRabia erTi da imave RmerTobiT damTvrali mo-mavali adamianisa~. `nicSe adamianobis xsovnaSi darCeba, rad-gan igi iyo rogorc zvaraki, ise TviT tanjvaSi pirgabadruli RmerTi dionisos Tavis smaragdis mSvenebaSi gabrwyinebuli~ (gamsaxurdia 1986: 31).

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`dardiTa da varamiT savse iyo Cemi suli – Sen udarde-li gamxade. eWvebiT daRrRnili iyo Cemi guli, rogorc Wian-Wvelebisgan gamoxruli goleuli da – Sen aavse igi imediTa da sitkboebiT. me TevziviT enadabmuli viyav – Sen gamaxsnevine daunjebuli bage: oqroneqtari sityvebi ifrqvevian pirisa Cemisagan. TmaxuWuWav, oqroskululebiano, Wabuko RmerTo, Seni mona da mejinigore gamxade, me – lazistanis Zveli az-nauri. o, dioniso, sulze utkbeso~ – ase aqebs savarsamiZe dionisos (`dionisos Rimili~).

erekle tatiSvili werda: `adamianebi dionisos samxiaru-lo ferxulis gziT Tavdaviwyebulni uerTdebian arsTa – arsis Seumusrav moZraobas da maradobis Semoqmed qariS-xals~ (tatiSvili 1993: 7).

`arc erT ers ar SesZlebia Cvenebr religiis gaSuqeba po-eziis optikiT. qarTveloba ise vidoda iesos sisxlian kval-ze, rom, amave dros, dionisos yvavilian Subls Tvals ar aSo-rebda”, – werda k. gamsaxurdia (gamsaxurdia 1986: 106).

dionisuris vnebam ticianis poeziaSi Semoitana demo-nuris gancdac. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa rusi mxatvris vrubelis saxe.

poezia, sazogadod, demonurobis erTgvari niSniT aris aRbeWdili, isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom demoni mxolod dacemul angelozs ar gulisxmobs.

`me vgrZnob CemSi raRac RvTaebrivs Tu demoniurs~, `meCurCuleba raRac idumali xma~, – ambobs sokrate plato-nis `sokrates apologiaSi~. `evTifrionSi~ ki evTifrioni eubneba sokrates: `Sen xom amtkiceb, rom erTTavad Tan gdevs Seni demoni~. baCana bregvaZis komentari aseTia: ̀ demoni (`dai-mon~) – igulisxmeba sokrates sulSi damkvidrebuli zebuneb-rivi RvTaebrivi Zala Tu sindisis idumali, mbrZanebluri xma, romelic, sokratesve mowmobiT, drodadro erTgvari STagonebiT avsebda da ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi qce-vis wessa da moqmedebis gezs uCvenebda mas~ (platoni, adre-uli dialogebi, Targmani baCana bregvaZisa, Tb. 1997).

`kvaldakval Cemi demoni momdevs~.

(`me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze~)

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`ise nazia es mogoneba,rogorc demonis frTebis Sexeba~.

(`ananurTan~)

`arc ki gicnobdi, arc ki menaxe,ise gxatavda Tamars vrubeli~.

(`ananurTan~)

vrubelma, marTlac, daxata Tamari, oRond lermonto-vis poema `demonis~ mSvenieri gmiri, unatifesi xazebiTa da eqspresiiT gadmosca misi aramiwieri silamazisa da demonTan sabediswero gamijnurebis ambavi.

yvelaferi ki imiT daiwyo, rom 1891 wels, ruseTSi jer kidev naklebad cnobil, magram niWiersa da originaluri xedvis mxatvars, mixeil vrubels, lermontovis `demonis~ ilustrireba SesTavazes. TiTqos erTgvari bediswera iyo. vrubeli erTxans gatacebuli iyo demonis TemiT da Seqmnili hqonda kidevac tilo `Camomjdari demoni~, magram am ilus-traciebma mis niWs sul sxva gasaqani misces.

vrubelis demonis ciklis naxatebiT STagonebuli araer-Ti magaliTis moxmoba SeiZleba tician tabiZis poeziidan:

`gaswi, demono! gaSale frTebi,sadac Sen waxval, mec iq mogyvebi~.

an kidev: `dReTa darajad dadga demoni...

tanjva-wuxilSi mihqrian droni~.

saukunis daRliloba, krizisi unda daZleuliyo adami-anis sulSi afeTqebiT, romelic walekavda Zvels, mkvdars da aaRorZinebda RvTaebrivs. swored RvTaebrivis aRorZinebaa poeturi simboloebiT gadmocemuli ticianis poeziaSi.

adamiani eziareba maradisobas, magram saWiroa gansakuT-rebuli mdgomareoba am ziarebisTvis, erTgvari eqstazi, rac miiRweva `TrobiT~ – sityviT, saqmiT, siyvaruliT, religiiT, poeziiT.

eqstazisas adamiani Tavisufldeba yvelafer imisagan, rac mas am sofelTan akavSirebs, ganiZarcveba miwieri sur-vilebisgan, vnebebisgan. Cveulebrivi smenisgan, xedvisagan da imsWvaleba uxilavis, dafarulis wyurviliTa da molodiniT.

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erekle tatiSvili eqstazs `adamianis sulis eqstra-diqciad, xorcis gareSe navardad da gandgomad~ miiCnevda (tatiSvili 1993: 11).

tician tabiZe grZnobs individualur ritms, imavdrou-lad, samyarosas – universalurs. am ritmTa erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, SeTanxmeba idumalSi, RvTaebrivSi, mistikurSi CarTvas emsgavseba. individualuri ritmi harmoniulad eTanxmeba samyarosas da adamiani grZnobs masTan erTo-bas – swored am dros xdeba gzneba da ara Semecneba. gzneba emociiT, intuiciiT logikis, cnebebis, sityvebis gareSe. intuiciiT miwvdena ki yvelaze mZafrad eqstazis mdgomare-obaSi xorcieldeba.

eqstazi ukavSirdeba dionisurs, romelsac moaqvs nawi-lis mTelTan ziarebis mwveli gancda. dionisuri gaxeleba adamians SeuZlebels SeaZlebinebs. eqstazi erTdroulad qmnis da angrevs kidec. pirovnebazea damokidebuli, saiT mimarTavs uCveulo Zalas – SigniT Tu gareT. uSualod kos-miur yofas SeerTebul poetad warmogvidgeba tician tabiZe, romelic ubralod ki ar fiqrobs Tavis Tavsa Tu samyaroze, aramed, rogorc robaqiZe ityoda, igznebs.

`aRmosavleTi cecxliT inTeba,

cisa laJvardi rZiT daicvara,

devis nafexurs sdevs sxivT kamara,

da did udabnos gacxelebul suls

RmerTma kalTebi gadaafara~.

(`qaldeas sizmrebi~)

Tamunia wereTlis, melitasTvis, nina mayaSvilisa da sxva qalebisTvis miZRvnil leqsebSi igrZnoba mSvenierebiT gaxeleba da am gaxelebis gziT dafarulis Zieba, RvTaebri-vis gancda.

tician tabiZe Tavisi poeziiT swvdeba saganTa da movle-naTa Suaguls. misi poeturi gamosaxvis xerxebi imgvaria, rom upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba gaxelebas, sicxares, xilvas, eqstazs. mwerali amgvarad axerxebs ara wamis, aramed mara-disobis moxelTebas. suli TiTqos oms ucxadebs TviTmpy-

273

robel materias, realuri faqtebis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebs da arRvevs `yoveldRiurobis fizikas~, mxolod aseTi gziT aRmoaCens sagnebze RvTis kvals. sityvaSi gamovlenili axali Zalis, gamoTqmis axali ritmiTa da eqstaziT poeti `RvTiur nomoss~ Seimecnebs.

damowmebani:

gamsaxurdia 1991: gamsaxurdia z. `vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyveleba.

Tbilisi: 1991.

gamsaxurdia 1986: gamsaxurdia k. `traRediis dabadeba mistikis suli-

dan. fragmentebi, mozaikebi, kritika da Semoqmedeba, axali evropa, li-

teraturuli parizi~. qarTuli literaturuli esse. Tbilisi: 1986.

valeri 1983: valeri p. rCeuli proza. Tbilisi: 1983.

mani 1995: mani T. rihard vagneri. Tbilisi: 1995.

losevi 1988: losevi a. modernistebis stilis Teoria. literaturuli

swavleba. № 5. rus. enaze. moskovi: 1988.

robaqiZe: 1988: robaqiZe gr. `dionises kulti da saqarTvelo~. gaz.

`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 31 dekemberi, 1988.

robaqiZe 1989: robaqiZe gr. gvelis perangi. falestra. Tbilisi: 1989.

robaqiZe 1991: robaqiZe gr. saqarTvelos saTaveni. literatura da xe-

lovneba. #№ 2, 1991.

tabiZe 2002: tabiZe t. paolo iaSvili (avtor-Semdgeneli maia jaliaS-

vili). Tbilisi: `dia~, 2002.

tatiSvili 1993: tatiSvili e. ekliani gziT varskvlavebisken. Tbilisi:

`lomisi~, 1993.

yiasaSvili 1988: yiasaSvili n. `Tanamedroveoba da modernizmi~. dasav-

leT evropis literatura. Tbilisi:1988.

hiubneri 1996: hiubneri. miTis WeSmariteba. rus.enaze. moskovi: 1996.

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levan bregaZe

erTi metateqstis istoriisaTvis

qarTul poeziaSi ramdenjerme iCina Tavi komentarma, ro-melic ama Tu im konkretuli poeturi teqstisTvis uriTmo saleqso diskursis SerCevas Seexeba: poetebi leqsSive gan-martaven ratom mianiWes upiratesoba uriTmobas, anu saqme gvaqvs metateqstTan, erTgvar eseistur intervenciasTan lirikul leqsSi, rac arcTu mTlad Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

ioseb griSaSvilis leqsi, romlis saTauria `Sendami~, ase iwyeba:

`welTa daRmarTze Segxvdi anazdad(aq, albaT, mova riTma `ganazda~, – magram riTmebSi ver Sevkrav grZnobasda TeTri leqsiT msurs gesaubro).yazbegis mTebis jeirani xar,moxevisagan ganze gamxtari. tani gaqvs, rogorc zambaxis Rero; Cemma beberma Zvlebmac ki igrZno qiSmiris kabis gaSrialeba~ da a. S.

(griSaSvili 1962 : 187)

poeti miiCnevs, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi riTmiani diskursi mas raRacaSi xels SeuSlis, grZnobs, rom im Sinaarss, im saTqmels, risi gamoxatvac mas am leqsiT surs, gariTmva ar mouxdeba.

leqsi 1950 wliTaa daTariRebuli. es metateqsti i. griSaSvils bevrad adrec gamouyenebia:

1929 wels kote mayaSvilis mosagonar leqsSi igi ase mimar-Tavs ori wlis win gardacvlil ufros megobars:

`ar SemiZlian... leqss ver dagiwer...

riTmis qamarSi ver Sevkrav grZnobas...~

(griSaSvili 1962: 187)

magram es mxolod pirobiTi Jestia (arcTu efeqturi!), vinaidan amas poeti eqvsstrofiani jvaredinad gariTmuli

275

leqsis boloSi acxadebs da TviT es striqonebic gariTmu-lia. amitom es metateqsti aq uadgiloa.

kidev erT leqsSi, imave 1929 wliT daTariRebulSi, rom-lis saTauria `40 weli dRes Semisrulda~, vkiTxulobT amasve: `me oTx aTeul wels mivaRwie, / TeTri mereva, sibere – ara / da TeTri leqsiT msurs visaubro~ (griSaSvili 1962: 47). aq poeti arafers gveubneba am saleqso formis SerCevis motivaciaze SinaarsTan mimarTebiT (`TeTri mereva~, cxadia, TeTri leqsisTvis upiratesobis misaniWebel seriozul mo-tivaciad ver CaiTvleba), magram aSkaraa: aqac, TGavisi ormo-ci wlis iubiles gamo daweril leqsSic, riTmaze imitom ambobs uars, rom ar unda `riTmebSi Sekras grZnoba~, anu surs rac SeiZleba bunebrivi da gulwrfeli iyos (aq upriania gavixsenoT simon Ciqovanis aRiareba: `me sruliad sxva min-doda meTqva / da sxvas mamRerebs wyeuli riTma~. – Ciqovani 1963: 148).

amave metateqsts vxvdebiT konstantine WiWinaZesTan 1949 wliT daTariRebul leqsSi, romlis saTauria `yvelaze axlobels~ da dedis gardacvalebis gamoa dawerili. poeti ase mimarTavs mSobels:

`ra giTxra leqsiT Sen, rusTvelis da xaiamis

zepirad mcodnes? mwuxarebam am leqsisaTvis,

rogorc brWyviala samkauli ZaZaze, ise

Cemi ubralo riTmebic ki amakrZalvina~.

(WiWinaZe 1965: 77-79)

lirikul teqstSi metateqstis Semotana – romlis meSveo-biTac avtori Tavis SemoqmedebiT laboratoriaSi gvaxedebs, teqstSive gvTavazobs refleqsias TviTon teqstze – mou-lodneli Cans imis gamo, rom lirikuli nawarmoebis buneba TiTqos gamoricxavs aseT epikur (brextiseburi gagebiT) re-markebs. da Tu mainc vxvdebiT Cvens lirikaSi amgvar eseistur CanarTebs, rac arRvevs lirikuli teqstisTvis aucilebel (rogorc adre egonaT!) uSualobis iluzias, es uTuod qar-Tuli saleqso kulturis (ufro zustad, sariTmo kulturis – rakiRa zemoT citirebuli metateqstebi pirwmindad riT-

276

mas an uriTmobas exeba) erTob maRal doneze metyvelebs. es is donea, rodesac aRar dahkankaleb miRweuls da moTxovnileba giCndeba gaamxilo profesiul saidumloebaTa nawili.

es metateqsti, griSaSvilTan samgzis da erTxelac kon-stantine WiWinaZis leqsSi rom gvxvdeba, ufro adre tician tabiZem gamoiyena.

aqvs tician tabiZes 1925 wlis ivlisiT daTariRebuli leqsi saTauriT `Tbilisidan dedas~ (tabiZe 1985: 108-110). es aris zustad imave Tematikisa da ganwyobilebis leqsi, ro-goric erTi wliT adre, 1924 wels gamoqveynebuli sergei eseninis `werili dedas~ (esenini 1961: 155) da orive am poetze bevrad adre, 1917 wels, dawerili paolo iaSvilis cnobili leqsi, romelsac zustad is saTauri uzis, rac eseninis Svidi wliT umcros Sedevrs – `werili dedas~ (iaSvili 1959: 108).

ticianic, paolosa da eseninis msgavsad, qalaqidan swers werils sofelSi darCenil dedas. wavikiTxoT am mozrdili leqsis erTi fragmenti:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

deda, me vici, Sen aRar gZinavs,

eli, Camoval mainc uecrad.

roca rioni sunTqvas gakmindavs,

mas Seni guli dayveba ficrad;

vici, yovelRam acxob sakurTxebs

daRupul qmarze, dakargul Svilze,

yvela daSorda danavsul kuTxes

da marto darCi gamotirilze.

Cemo Zvirfaso, Cemo Zvirfaso,

ar vici, ra vqna, riT ganugeSo.

sircxvili aris riTma veZio,

roca Sen gxedav ase mwuxares.

dampal yavarze Camodis wvima,

TviTon rioni modis ezoSi...

Cven daRupul beds stiris gombeSo,

isic CvensaviT cremls Rvris mduRares.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(tabiZe 1985: 109)

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aRvweroT am leqsis gariTmvis sistema: aq gvxvdeba ro-gorc intervaliani riTma, roca kenti striqonebi gauriT-mavia (asea leqsis pirvel, mecxre da meTerTmete strofebSi), aseve jvaredini riTmiT Sesrulebuli strofebi (eseni yve-laze metia). sruliad gauriTmavia bolos wina strofi:

`CemTan iyavi, CemTan iyavi,

sizmarSi mainc gamomecxade,

gaxsovs, Sen ase vis dastirodi,

mec exla ase vstiri ubralod...~

(tabiZe 1985: 110)

amis momdevno daskvniTi strofi ki jvaredinad aris gariTmuli.

rac Seexeba zemoT citirebul fragments, sadac poeti ambobs `sircxvili aris riTma veZio, roca Sen gxedav ase mwuxares~, TiTqosda am sircxvilis dasturad, zedized eq-vsi erTmaneTTan gauriTmavi striqoni modis (romlebic Cven muqad movniSneT), Tumca Semdeg ori maTgani mainc iriTmeba, oRond Soreulad: sariTmo sityvebs `ganugeSo~-sa da `gombeSo~-s Soris oTxi striqonia, xolo `mwuxare~-sa da `mduRare~-s Soris – sami.

amgvari gaxlavT am leqsis saundtreki. vfiqrobT, aq up-riania konematografistTa am terminis gamoyeneba, da ara marto aq – sazogadod poeziaSi, vinaidan ase ufro naTeli gaxdeba, rom, rogorc filmis reJisori da kompozitori cdiloben ama Tu im epizods misi Sinaarsisa da ganwyobis Sesaferisi musika miusadagon, anda sulac umusikod da-tovon, aseve unda Seuxamos poetma leqsis saTqmelsa da ganwyobilebas ritmi da riTmaTa esa Tu is sistema Tu sa-xeoba, zogjer ki sulac xeli aiRos riTmaze, Tuki Temas, mkiTxvelamde saTqmelis maqsimaluri efeqtiT mitanas, es waadgeba.

meoce saukunis pirvel naxevarSi qarTveli poetebi am-gvar mimarTebas saleqso formebsa da leqsis Sinaarss Soris marto gumaniT ki ar grZnobdnen, savsebiT gacnobierebuli hqondaT es movlena, razec mkafiod metyvelebs Cven mier

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ganxiluli metateqsti, romlis uadres nimuSs tician tabi-ZesTan vxvdebiT.

tician tabiZis am leqsis Tema modernulia (mSobliuri soflis mitoveba da qalaqSi gadaxvewa), da modernulia misi `aWrili~ formac, anu leqsis saundtreki Sinaarsis Sesatyvi-sia. es axali poetikaa, axali esTetikaa, romelic saTanadod aTvisebul-gaazrebuli ar aris arc poetur praqtikaSi da arc TeoriaSi.

damowmebani:

griSaSvili 1962: griSaSAvili i. TxzulebaTa krebuli xuT tomad. t. 2.

Tbilisi : `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1962.

esenini 1961: Есенин С. Собрание сочинений в пяти томах. т. 2. Москва: Государственное издательство художественной литературы, 1961.

iaSvili 1959: iaSvili p. leqsebi, poema, moTxrobebi, TargAmanebi.

Tbilisi : `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1959.

tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, werilebi. Tbilisi: `merani~,

1985.

Ciqovani 1963: Ciqovani s. Txzulebani. t. I. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, 1963.

WiWinaZe 1965: WiWinaZe k. rCeuli. Tbilisi: ̀ literatura da xelovneba~,

1965.

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ada nemsaZe

amorZalebis miTi tician tabiZis

mxatvrul prozaSi

`pirvelTaganve iyo miTi. am qveynad yovelive

miTiT Seiqmna, rac ki Seiqmna. miTi win uswrebda

adamianis yofnas.

miTi iyo upirvelesi ganzraxva RmerTkacisa

da xelovnebisa. da roca yovelive ararad iqmneba,

darCeba albaT: miTi...~

(k. gamsaxurdia, `tabu~)

qarTul simbolizmSi poezia batonobs prozaze, Tumc simcire am SemTxvevaSi mxolod raodenobrivi maCvenebelia da ara xarisxobrivi. mkvlevari amiran gomarTeli prozaikos simbolistebad mxolod sandro cirekiZesa da sergo kldi-aSvils asaxelebs, ticianis proziT gatacebas ki misi Se-moqmedebisaTvis fragmentulad miiCnevs (gomarTeli 1997: 37). da mainc, tician tabiZis mxatvruli proza – miniaturebi da novelebi – mcire epikuri Janris saukeTeso nimuSebia. maTSi ZiriTadad filosofiuri problematika: yofna/ar-yofna, codva/madli, sikeTe/boroteba, tanjvis gziT mo-povebuli bedniereba, silamaze, siyvarulia dominanturi. ticianis mxatvrul prozaSi gamorCeulia amorZalebis Te-maze Seqmnili ori novela – `Seqmnili legenda~ (1913) da `amorZalebi~ (1925).

legenda amorZalebze erT-erTi ulamazesi legendaa an-tikur samyaroSi. Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi moTxroba herodotes (V s. Zv. w.) ekuTvnis. amas mohyvebian Semdegi drois moRvaweebi: fsevdohipokrate (V-IV s. Zv. w.), efori (IV s. Zv. w.), diodore sicilieli (I s. Zv. w.), straboni (I s. Zv. w.-I s. ax. w.), plutarqe (I-II s. ax. w.), stefane bizantieli (VI s. ax. w.) da a. S. aseve arsebobs mravalferovani werilobiTi, folkloruli Tu arqeologiuri wyaroebi. Crd. SavizRvispireTis amor-Zalebis Sesaxeb miTebSi SeiniSneba ori rkali: erTi aRmo-

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cenda Zv. w-aR-is VII-VI saukuneebis mijnaze berZenTa mier pontos Crd. sanapiroebis aTvisebisas, sadac iyo mebrZol qalTa samefo. maTi saxe Seiqmna fantastikurisa da realuris SerwymiT, radgan, gansxvavebiT berZeni qalebisagan, am tom-Ta qalebi atarebdnen iaraRs da dadiodnen amxedrebulni, xolo meore rkali miTebisa ufro gviandeli warmoSobisaa – Zv. w-aR-is IV saukune. am drois fermwerebi ukve xataven arimaspebsa da amorZalebs. isini ganasaxierebdnen mrisxane miRmur (imqveyniur) Zalas, romelsac xvdeba adamianis suli amqveynidan saiqioSi gadasvlisas (skrJinskaia 2004: 248-249).

rogorc mkvlevari m. kosveni statiaSi `amorZalebi. le-gendis istoria~ aRniSnavs, legendis sami varianti arsebobs: erTis mixedviT, esaa tomi, romelic mxolod qalebisagan Sedgeba; meoris mixedviT, saxelmwifo ekuTvniT qalebs, gan-sakuTrebiT saomar saqmeebSi, mamakacebi ki maT damonebuli hyavT; mesame varianti ki mravalferovan eTnografiul gad-mocemebs eyrdnoba da sabrZolo moqmedebebSi qalebisa da mamakacebis gverdigverd brZolas uWers mxars. am sami vari-antidan pirvelSi miTosuri sWarbobs, meoreSi miTosi da re-aloba erTadaa, mesameSi ki realuri prevalirebs (skripniki 1988: 30).

vin arian amorZalebi da ras yveba maT Sesaxeb antikuri tradicia? pirvelad termini `amorZali~ gvxvdeba `iliada-Si~. isini cxovroben skviTTa samefoSi da omis RmerT are-sisa da misi maradqalwuli colis harmonias STamomavlebi arian. eposi amorZalebs uwodebs «αντίανείραι», romelic niS-navs `qmrebis TanasworT~, `qmrebis mowinaaRmdegeT~ an `qmre-bis moZuleebs~. `amazoni~ ki iTargmneba, rogorc `umkerdo~. amorZalTa lokalizaciis klasikur adgilad antikur li-teraturaSi miCneulia mdinare Termodonti (Tanamedrove terme-Cai) mcire aziaSi (latiSevi 1947: 279).

SedarebiT gviani periodis berZeni avtorebic straboni da plutarqe amorZalebis sacxovriss kavkasiaSi – skviTTa samefoSi – moiazreben. magram kavkasiel amorZalebze stra-boni, cota ar iyos, skepticizmiT saubrobs, maT Sesaxeb cnobebs igavurad miiCnevs: `vin daijerebs, magaliTad, rom

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qalTagan Sedga laSqari an qalaqi an tomi, kacebis gareSe? da ara mxolod Sedga, aramed laSqrobdnen kidec sxvaTa qve-yanaze...~ (yauxCiSvili 1957: 138). Tumc am gadmocemebs aqvT realuri niadagi, rasac adasturebs kavkasiaSi aRmoCenili meomar qalTa samarxebi. amorZalTa cxovrebis wesi Semdeg-nairia: herodotes mixedviT, maTi cxovrebisTvis umTavresi sabrZolo moqmedebebSi monawileobaa, maT araferi ician xomaldebis, saWis, afrebisa da niCbebis, ar scnoben tansac-mels, magram Seupovrad ibrZvian, itaceben cxenebis jogebs da yaCaRoben (herodote 1975: 283-286). strabonis cnobiT ki, mdinare Termodontze mcxovrebi amorZalebi xmarobd-nen rkinis iaraRs, isini SeiaraRebuli iyvnen SubebiT, mSvil-debiT, culebiTa da farebiT (yauxCiSvili 1957: 209, 136-137), aseve mxecebis tyavisgan amzadebdnen Slemebs, labadebsa da qamrebs (plutarqe 1975: 330-331; yauxCiSvili 1957: 137). maT daaarses qalaqebi – efeso, smirne, kime, marine (yauxCiSvili 1957: 138), maTi dedoflebi iyvnen – ipolita, antiopa, fales-tra, penfesilia*.

Zalian sainteresoa amorZalTa urTierToba sapirispiro sqesTan. yvela antikuri avtori, vinc ki amorZalebze wers, xazs usvams maT Tavisufal, damoukidebel qcevasa da qed-maRlur damokidebulebas mamakacebTan. strabonis TqmiT, `maT aqvT ori gamorCeuli Tve gazafxulisa, rodesac adian maxlobel mTaze, romelic sazRvravs maT gargarevelebi-sagan [gargarevelebic] adian [mTaze] veli Cveulebis mixed-viT, msxverpls swiraven erTad da aqvT urTierToba qaleb-Tan Svilebis gaCenis mizniT... rom daaorsuleben, gauSve-ben maT. amaZonebi, Tu mdedrobiTi sqesis bavSvi daibadeba, TavisTvis itoveben, xolo mamrobiTi – mihyavT [gargareve-lebTan] aRsazrdelad~ (yauxCiSvili 1957: 137). daaxloebiT aseTive cnobas gvawvdis plutarqe: `[albanelebsa] da maT

* am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb diodore sicilieli Tavis `biblioTekaSi~ wers: penfesilia flobda mamuls da iyo aresis qaliSvili. radgan ver Seasrula kanoni (igulisxmeba mamakacis mokvla, a. n.) miatova Tavisi mamuli da wavida troelebTan damxmare meomrad. igi vaJkacurad ibrZoda da mokla brZola-Si bevri berZeni, magram TviTon iqna mokluli aqilevsisgan. ase dasrulda misi sicocxle. igi iyo amorZalTagan ukanaskneli mamaci qali (diodore si-cilieli 1774: 232).

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Soris gelebi da legebi cxovroben. amaZonebi amaTTan yo-velwliurad or Tves atareben, mere ki Tavis mxareSi midian da gancalkevebiT cxovroben~ (plutarqe 1975: 331). diodore sicilielis gadmocemiT, isini erTad cxovrobdnen, magram rodesac qalebi awarmoebdnen xolme brwyinvale sabrZolo kampaniebs, mamakacebi eqceodnen daqvemdebarebul mdgomare-obaSi, uZRvebodnen Sinaur meurneobas da zrdidnen bavSvebs (diodore sicilieli 1774: 229). fsevdo-hipokrate mamrobi-Ti sqesis Svilebis dasaxiCrebas an dabadebisTanave mokvdi-nebas uWers mxars. strabonis cnobiT, gogonebs dabadebisTa-nave amowvavdnen marjvena mkerds, amis Semdeg isini advilad iyenebdnen mxars yovelgvar saqmianobaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki SubosnobaSi da gamanadgurebel dartymas ayenebdnen mters (yauxCiSvili 1957: 136).

amorZalebis miTi imTaviTve iqca erT-erT yvelaze gavr-celebul Temad literaturisaTvis da aisaxa jer berZnul, Semdeg ki laTinur literaturaSi. mas popularoba arc Sem-dgom epoqebSi daukargavs. amorZalTa Sesaxeb Tqmulebebi magiuri ZaliT izidavda Suasaukuneebis evropul azrovne-bas. am ciklma XVI-XVII saukuneebis poetTa da dramaturgTa yuradRebac miipyro (r. garnies `ipolita~, lope de vegas `amorZalebi~, tirso de molinas `amorZalebi indoeTSi~ da a. S.); XIX saukuneSi amorZalTa Sesaxeb moTxrobebiT ukve romantikosebi dainteresdnen (g. kleistis `penfesilea~ da f.grilparceris ̀ amorZalebi~). Tanamedrove droSic igi erT-erTi sayvareli da popularuli Temaa. es miTi gansakuTre-biT mimzidveli aRmoCnda XX saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli modernistuli mwerlobisTvisac.

amorZalebze Seqmnili ticianis ori novela sxvadasxva dros ekuTvnis da, Sesabamisad, maT Soris sxvaobac sakmaod didia. `Seqmnili legenda~ 1913 welsaa dawerili quTaisSi, SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSi, roca momavali poeti 18 wli-saa. `quTaisi maSin warmogvedgina rodenbaxis mkvdar bri-uged. am mkvdari qalaqis fonze cocxldeboda `aCrdilebi~ da Cvenc literaturuli saxeebiT viyaviT datyvevebulni~ (tabiZe 1985: 7), – wers igi avtobiografiaSi. es paTosi aSkarad

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etyoba `Seqmnil legendasac~. novela, romelic gamoirCeva sentimentalur-romantikuli paTosiT da tropulad mdida-ri eniT, dausruleblis STabeWdilebas tovebs. es, erTi mxriv, SesaZloa, gamoucdelobis brali iyos (ticianis sam-werlo gza am dros sul raRac 3-4 weliwads iTvlis), meore mxriv ki, momavali niWieri mwerlis Camoyalibebis imeds iZleva. novelaSi is legendaa gacocxlebuli, romelic amor-Zalebis dedoflisa da aleqsandre makedonelis siyvarulis ambavs mogviTxrobs. Tumca Zveli drois mematianeebi am ambavs mogonils uwodeben. plutarqe Tavis `rCeul biog-rafiebSi~ wers: `mravali mwerali ambobs, aq, parTiaSi, aleqsandres amaZonebis dedofali ewviao... amboben, es mo-Worili ambaviao. rogorc Cans, amas TviTon aleqsandrec udasturebs maT. saxeldobr, antipatres dawvrilebiT swers yvelafers da, sxvaTa Soris, ambobs, rom skviTTa mefem qaliSvilis miTxoveba SesTavaza, magram amazons srulebiTac ar ixseniebs~ (plutarqe 1975: 435). novelis siuJeti mxolod erT mniSvnelovan epizods Seicavs, jadoqari mxevlis wi-naswarmetyvelebas da mis asrulebas. gangis talRebSi mo-nebivre aleqsandres amazonebis dedoflis, izovelis, stum-robis Sesaxeb auwyeben:

`– neta ra unda CemTan?! lamazi ari?– xval, mgonia, mze ar amovides~ (tabiZe 1985: 409). novelis mTavari xazi siyvarulis yovlisSemZle bune-

bis Cvenebaa: Tu rogor SeZlo amorZalebis ulamazesma de-dofalma, grZnobis morevSi daexrCo da sikvdilis piras mi-eyvana uZleveli mefe. cieb-cxelebiT gaTangul aleqsandres mxolod izovelis saxeli akeria pirze da novelis mixedviT STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos misi es unugeSo mdgomareoba ara ukurnebeli seniT, aramed siyvarulis uZlieresi ganc-diTaa gamowveuli.

12 wlis Semdeg tician tabiZe kidev erT novelas qmnis amorZalTa Temaze. ̀ amorZalebi~ 1925 welsaa dawerili. es sak-maod rTuli periodia ara mxolod ticianisa da simboliste-bis, aramed saqarTvelos cxovrebaSic. amitom SemoqmedebiT srulyofasTan erTad Txzulebas gacilebiT mniSvnelovani

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saTqmeli aqvs, romelic Rrma tragizmTaa gadmocemuli. im varauds, rom novela garkveuli mizandasaxulobiT daiwera, aZlierebs misi Seqmnis dro: ticianis mxatvruli proza Zi-riTadad 1910-15 wlebs ekuTvnis, xolo `amorZalebi~ sakmaod didi pauzis, 10 wlis Semdeg iwereba. novelas aseT SeniSvnas urTavs avtori: `es legenda gakeTebulia im masalebidan, romelic moTavsebulia akad. latiSevis, baron uslarisa da ganis wignebSi, agreTve sxvadasxva `kavkasiis JurnalebSi~ da umTavresad svetlovis kavkasiis legendebis wignis mixed-viT~ (tabiZe 1985: 424).

ticianis novelisa da antikuri teqstebis SedarebiTi an-alizi cxadyofs, rom mwerali ramdenime Tqmulebas eyrdnoba erTdroulad. herodote ̀ istoriis~ me-4 wignSi (`melpomene~) mogviTxrobs: skviTebi amorZalebs uwodebdnen «οίοπαία», rac niSnavs `qmrismkvlelebs~. elinebma daamarcxes amorZalebi md. Termodontis piras da ukan gabrundnen tyveebTan erTad. Ria zRvaSi maT daxoces mamakacebi da gaCerdnen skviTTagan Tavisufal miwaze, q. kremnasTan, meotiis tbasTan. miwaze ga-dasulma qalebma daiwyes skviTTa miwebis damuSaveba. am uka-nasknelT isini mamakacebi egonaT da brZola gaumarTes, mxo-lod daxocili amorZalebis sxeulebiT mixvdnen, rom isini qalebi iyvnen. maSin skviTebma gadawyvites, ki ar ebrZolaT am qalebTan, aramed TavianTi axalgazrdebi gaegzavnaT, raTa am saocari qalebisagan Svilebi hyolodaT. maT erTad cxovreba daiwyes. male skviTebma SeuTvales, gadasuliyvnen maTTan sacxovreblad, razec uari miiRes, isini ver morigdebodnen skviTTa qalebTan, radgan gansxvavebuli wes-Cveuleba hqon-daT: ibrZodnen, isrodnen mSvildidan, dadiodnen amxed-rebuli. Tavis mxriv, maT aseTi ram SesTavazes: Tuki Cven colebad gindivarT, wamoiReT Tqveni memkvidreoba da Tqven gadmosaxldiT CvenTano. skviTi axalgazrdebi asec moiqcnen. herodotes TqmiT, swored am kavSirebis Sedegad warmoiSv-nen savromatebi (herodote 1975: 283-285).

tomirandas Sesaxeb Txroba da misi xasiaTis Tvisebebi zustad imeorebs diodore sicilielis `biblioTekis~ me-ore nawilSi moTxrobil ambavs: `amboben, rom am qalebSi

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erTi flobda samefo Zalauflebas da gamoirCeoda ZaliTa da mamacobiT. man Seadgina qalebis razmi da aswavla maT sabrZolo wes-Cveulebebi. amayobda ra Tavisi warmatebebiT, Tavi aresis qaliSvilad gamoacxada, mamakacebi ki aiZula, ekeTebinaT qalis saqmeebi. Semdeg gamosca kanonebi, romliTac qalebs iwvevda asparezobebze, mamakacebs ki aiZulebda Seguebasa da monobas~ (diodore sicilieli 1774: 230). rac Seexeba amorZalTa qalaq teliskirsa da tomirandas erT-erT xelqveiT menalipas, isini zustad emTxveva Txrobas herakles miTidan, kerZod, misi mecxre gmirobidan, rodesac man amorZalTa dedofals ipolitas aresis mier naCuqari oqros qamari waarTva. am miTTan sxva detalebic aaxloebs ticianis novelas: salocavi taZris mowyoba, brZolis scenebi da a. S.

literaturaTmcodneobaSi mniSvnelovania miTis funqci-uri daniSnulebis sakiTxi. ratom mimarTavs mwerali miTs? aRmoCnda, rom miTosi literaturisaTvis universaluri masalaa, radgan miToritualuri modeli gansakuTrebuli, simboluri eniT gvesaubreba, romelic, amavdroulad, yve-laze `gasagebi~ enacaa. miTis simboluri Teoriis erT-erTi avtori, neokantianeli e. kasireri wignSi `simboluri forme-bis filosofia~ (1925) miTs ganixilavs kulturis simbolur formad, romelic flobs garesamyaros modelirebis saku-Tar saSualebebs. samyaro warmoadgens realobas metafore-bisa da simboloebis meSveobiT. miTis specifikuri modaloba gulisxmobs realurisa da idealuris, sawyisisa da arsis, yofierebisa da arayofierebis ganurCevlobas (meletinski 2001: 15). bevri gamokvlevaa dawerili qarTul modernistul mwerlobaSi miTis rolze da yvela mkvlevari sabolood msgavs daskvnamde midis. r. canava amas sami mizeziT xsnis: epoqa, romelSic mouxdaT moRvaweoba XX saukunis klasiko-sebs, mwerlobas metaforuli enis gamoyenebisaken ubiZgeb-da. am SemTxvevaSi ki miTze `marjve~ models ver ipovi. meore mizezi erovnuli fesvebis Ziebaa. usaxuri da erTferovani `veeba~ saxelmwifos – sabWoeTis – mkvidrT TviTgadarCeni-sa da TviTgamoxatvis survili gaumZafrdaT. mesame mizezad ki SeiZleba miviCnioT evropuli ganswavluloba. dasaxele-

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bulma mwerlebma ganaTleba evropaSi miiRes. XIX-XX sauku-neebi ki evropaSi `miTosTan, folklorTan mibrunebis~ bumiT aRiniSna (canava 2005: 13). akaki baqraZe oTx aspeqts gamoyofs Tavis `miTologiur engadSi~: miTi erovnuli koloritisa da atmosferos Seqmnis saSualebaa; igi apirobebs personaJTa xasiaTsa da Tvisebebs; saukeTeso gzaa siuJeturi perpeti-ebis Sesaqmnelad; miTiT gamoTqmulia alegoriuli Sinaarsi (baqraZe 2000: 134-150). rogorc vxedavT, alegoriuloba da metaforuli enis gamoyeneba erTxmadaa aRiarebuli, rogorc erT-erTi mTavari mizezi miTis literaturuli transfor-maciisa. swored am konteqstSi Tavsdeba tician tabiZis `amorZalebic~.

iungis mixedviT, xelovnebis zemoqmedebis saidumlo mdgomareobs mxatvris gansakuTrebul niWSi, igrZnos arqe-tipuli formebi da zustad moaxdinos maTi realizeba Tavis nawarmoebSi: `is, vinc arqetipebiT saubrobs, aTasobiT xmas flobs... mas erTpirovnuli samyarodan gadaaqvs gamosaxule-ba mudmivis sferoSi; amiT Tavis sakuTar beds igi amaRlebs zogadadamianur bedisweramde~ (averincevi 1980: 110). tician tabiZem zustad moargo sakuTar saTqmels amorZalebis miTis ambavi. man arqetipuli formebis saSualebiT daxata Tavisu-flebis saxeliT dawyebuli brZolis diqtaturad gadaqcevis istoria. gviCvena, rogor xdebian Tavisuflebamopovebuli adamianebi sastiki da ugrZnobeli arsebebi da TandaTan kar-gaven bednierebis SegrZnebas, roca SurisZiebis aRsrulebis iaraRad iqcevian.

tician tabiZe iyenebs Tqmulebebis ZiriTad motivebs, oRond pedalirebas akeTebs misTvis saintereso da, rogorc Cans, mniSvnelovan aspeqtze. mis TxrobaSi, miTisagan gans-xvavebiT, amorZalTa Tavisufali samefos aRweris magivrad tomirandas diqtaturuli saxis Cveneba xdeba prioritetu-li. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia mizandasaxulobac – igi miTs sinamdvilis alegoriuli suraTis dasaxatavad iyenebs. amis dasadastureblad SeiZleba ramdenime epizodis gaxseneba siuJetidan.

20-iani wlebis sisxlian ambebs asociaciurad novelis siuJetSi ganviTarebuli ambavi Tu calkeuli pasaJic gvax-

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senebs. magaliTad, wamebisa da dasjis meTodebi daumor-Cilebeli amorZalebisaTvis: bnel jurRmulSi damwyvdeva, SimSili, Tvalebis daTxra, xarze gamobma da isrebis daSena, koconze dawva; amave konteqstSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT sasti-ki mopyroba da Tavisuflebis umciresi gamovlinebis miuRe-blobac: ̀ mtanjveli iyo tomirandas tirania da amitom qeifis dros amorZalebi ufro gamZafrebiT eZleodnen Tavisufle-bas, Tanac kanonmdeblobas sastikad amaTraxebdnen. mxolod tomirandas RvTiur pirovnebas jer mainc ver exebodnen. sa-magierod mis axlobel qalebs – menalipas, palas, protoas da sxvebs xvdebodaT Zalian, Tumca maTi didi SiSi hqondaT amorZalebs~ (tabiZe 1985: 448). diqtaturis gamovlinebaa sazeimo dResaswaulic, romliTac gaTavisuflebas aRniS-naven samefoSi da romelsac `tomirandas dRe~ hqvia; xolo tomirandas winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis momzadeba, romelsac amjerad mis sawinaaRmdego mxares gadasuli misi uwindeli momxreebi udganan saTaveSi, diqtaturis erT-erTi niSania.

novelis siuJetur rkalSi sainteresoa femas epizodi, romelic ver gaimetebs sakuTar qmars sikvdilisTvis da gamoqvabulSi emaleba tomirandas. femas cxovreba aris siyvarulisa da Tavisuflebis xazi ambavSi, damaluli mSve-niereba maxinj samyaroSi, romelsac wertils dausvams tomi-randa, riTac kidev ufro mkveTrad aCens mis mier Seqmnili daundobeli reJimis saxes. tomirandas brZanebiT pala femas daapatimrebs, xolo mis qmars zRvaSi gadaagdebs. femasa da misi qmris erTad danaxvisas masSi raRac grZnobebi iRviZebs, magram tomirandas SiSiT igi mainc asrulebs brZanebas. femas wamebis scena kidev erTi sisxliani furcelia amorZalTa istoriaSi: `femas miabamen palas cxens da mihyavT sasaxleSi. pala midis dedofalTan, magram menalipa ar uSvebs. maSin is etyvis, rac unda gadasces da mihyavs fema, rom daabas jurRmulSi. jurRmulSi civa, nestia da raRac frinvelebi dacocaven~ (tabiZe 1985: 444).

Cveni azriT, teqstSi gansakuTrebuli datvirTvis mqonea kidev erTi detali. amorZalTa qmrebs Soreuli laSqrobidan CamohyavT wiTelkaniani mxevlebi: `zogs kidec moeyvana wi-

288

Telkaniani mxevali qalebi da TavianT kanonier colebs ubrZanes, emsaxureT maTo. amorZalTa gulSi saSineli brazi grovdeboda. isini cnobismoyvareobiT aTvalierebdnen mona qalebs~ (tabiZe 1985: 435). xolo TviT tomirandas ase mi-marTavs sakuTari qmari: `tomiranda, – uTxra winamZRolma, – amieridan es aris Seni qalbatoni. dabrundi Sin da yvelaferi moamzade mis dasaxvedrad...~ (tabiZe 1985: 436). sxva qveynidan mosuli wiTelkaniani mxevlebi uecrad gabatondebian da zemodan dahyureben adgilobriv qalebs, maTi sayvarlebis kanonier colebs. wiTel ferze yuradRebis gamaxvileba da misi metaforuli gamoyeneba ucxo ar aris 20-iani wlebis qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis. gavixsenoT mixeil javaxiSvilis damuqebuli da gawiTlebuli saqarTvelo `jayos xiznebSi~ (1924), Seubralebeli wiTeli yaSa `lambalo da yaSaSi~ (1925), wiTel eSmas emaleba xevsureTSi jurxa ̀ TeTr sayeloSi~ (1925), uamravi ubedurebis momtani wiTelCabalaxiani wiTuri kaci konstantine gamsaxurdias `tabuSi~ (1925-27) da a. S. wiTeli feri yvela am moTxrobaSi simbolurad bolSevikur safr-Txeze miniSnebaa, amitomac ar iqneba safuZvelmoklebuli, Tuki tician tabiZis gansaxilvel novelaSic msgavsi fun-qciiT gavizrebT wiTelkaniani qalebis metaforul saxes.

e. meletinski XX saukunis miTologiur romanze sau-brisas yuradRebas amaxvilebs erT mniSvnelovan aspeqtze: `miTologizmi bevr avtorTan sakmaod mWidrod ukavSirdeba maT imedgacruebas `istorizmSi~, istoriuli Zvrebisa da un-doblobis SiSs, rom socialuri Zvrebi Secvlian adamianis yofierebisa da cnobierebis metafizikur safuZvels~ (me-letinski 1976). es SiSi pirdapir ikiTxeba ticianis `amorZa-lebSi~. tomirandas mier damkvidrebuli axali realobis da-xatviT mwerali swored am `socialuri Zvrebis~ demonstri-rebas cdilobs, aseTi ritorika xom namdvilad ismoda 20-iani wlebis sabWoTa epoqaSi, roca milionobiT adamiani unda daejerebinaT amaSi! novelis bolo, merve TavSi – `tomiran-das aRsasruli~ – mwerali amgvari realobis utopiurobas gviCvenebs. SeuZlebelia sayovelTao bednierebis momcveli idealuri qveyanis arseboba. amorZalebis miTi, erTi mxriv,

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swored aseTi saxelmwifos modelia. aq bednierad cxovroben qalebi, radgan isini mamakacebisagan Cagvras aRar ganicdian. Tumc es qalebi da TviT maTi dedofali tomiranda male xvde-bian, rom Zalaufleba bednierebis ekvivalenti ver aRmoCnda, Zalauflebam ver gadaswona cxovreba siyvarulis gareSe. ada-mians bednieri cxovrebis Sansi ara aqvs saxelmwifoSi, rome-lic garkveul eqstremistul principebzea dafuZnebuli. ze-moTqmulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom amorZalTa samefo SesaZloa ganvixiloT bolSevikuri wyobis metaforul saxed, romelic, rogorc yvela diqtatoruli reJimi, pirovnebis daTrgunvasa da axali adamianis Seqmnas isaxavda miznad. da Tuki SevTanxmdebiT, rom javaxiSvilis 20-iani wlebis nawar-moebebSi gamosWvivis epoqis antiqarTuli, bolSevikuri gan-wyobilebebi, k. gamsaxurdias `dodostatis marjvenaSi~ Cans 30-iani wlebis represiebis anarekli, ticianisa da paolos poeziaSi ismis Civili Tavisuflebis SezRudvis, adamianis rolisa da funqciis dakninebis gamo, safuZvels moklebuli ar iqneba arc is, rom ticianis `amorZalebSi~ arqetipuli mo-delis saxiT ara mxolod 1924 wlis ajanyebis, aramed mTli-anad 20-iani wlebis teroris gamoZaxili davinaxoT.

damowmebani:

averincevi 1980: Аверинцев С. Архетипы. Мифы народов мира: Энциклопедия. Т. 1. Москва: 1980.

baqraZe 2000: baqraZe a. miTologiuri engadi. Tbilisi: `nekeri~, 2000.gomarTeli 1997: gomarTeli a. qarTuli simbolisturi proza. Tbili-

si: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1997.diodore sicilieli 1774: Диодор Сицилийский. Историческая Библиотека.

Часть 1. переведена с греческого на русский язык Иваном Алексеевым. Санктпетер-бург: при Императорской Академии Наук 1774 года.

latiSevi 1947: Латышев В. Известия древних писателей о Скифии и Кавказе. Переизданный русский перевод // ВДИ. 1947. № 2. Приложение.

meletinski 1976: Мелетинский Е. Поэтика мифа. М.: Наука, 1976. mis: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_ Buks/Literat/melet1/ 03.php

meletinski 2001: Мелетинский Е. От мифа к литературе М.: Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета (РГГУ), 2001. mis: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_ Buks/Literat/melet4/01.php

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plutarqe 1975: plutarqe. rCeuli biografiebi. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, 1975.

skripniki 1988: Скрипник Т. Амазонки в античной традиции. Известия Ростовского областного музея краеведения. Вып. 5. Ростов-на-Дону: 1988. mis: http://liberea.gerodot.ru/a_hist/amazon01.htm

skrJinskaia 2004: Скржинская М. Амазонки и Аримаспы в античной литературе и изображениях на памятниках искусства из Северного Причерноморья. Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология - VIII, СПб: Наука, 2004. mis: http://media1.webgarden.cz/files/media1:5105217845981.pdf.upl/Amayonki+i+arimaspy.pdf – ganTavsebulia 2012 wlis 1 dekembers.

tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi. Tbilisi:

`merani~, 1985.

yauxCiSvili 1957: yauxCiSvili T. strabonis geografia. cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamom-

cemloba, 1957.

canava 2005: canava r. miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi anti-

kur mwelobaSi da qarTuli literaturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi.

Tbilisi: programa `logosi~, 2005.

herodote 1975: herodote. istoria. t. I. berZnulidan Targmna, wina-

sityvaoba da saZiebeli daurTo T. yauxCiSvilma. Tb.: Tbilisis univer-

sitetis gamomcemloba, 1975.

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lili metreveli

paradoqsuli Sesityvebani tician tabiZis

SemoqmedebaSi

1916 wels Jurnal „cisfer yanwebSi“ tician tabiZe werda: „aSkaraa, evropa SemoaRebs karebs da am dros Cven unda davx-vdeT SeWurvili erovnuli SemecnebiT, rom iyos mTavari morgvi, romelzedac moexveva axali ideebi. maSin iqneba nam-dvili renesansi da am erovnuli aRorZinebis sadRegrZelos sruliad seriozulad vsvam „cisferi yanwebiT“ (tabiZe 1916).

qarTuli poeziis aRorZinebis es ambiciuri idea, cisfer-yanwelTa rwmeniT, enis meSveobiTac unda ganxorcielebu-liyo, enas sakraluri, simboluri mniSvneloba unda SeeZina. amitomac werda paolo iaSvili Jurnal „cisferi yanwebis“ manifestSi: „Cven gvsurs SevqmnaT gaugebari da saocari si-tyvebi“ (iaSvili 1916).

marTalia, sazogadod, poezia gansakuTrebul enaze saub-robs, „mxatvruli ena warmoadgens msoflmxedvelobriv da kulturul-esTetikur SexedulebaTa, intenciaTa, survil-Ta da ltolvaTa kodirebul sistemas“ (kvaWantiraZe 2008: 16), magram simbolistebi ufro Sors wavidnen: sityvebis konota-ciur (anu dafarul, asociaciur) mniSvnelobebSi miRmieri, transcendentuli samyaros saidumloebaTa amoxsnis, misi paradoqsuli mTlianobis Semecnebis SesaZlebloba daina-xes. miuxedavad imisa, rom cisferyanwelebi bohemuri ganwyo-bilebebiT, axalgazrduli siTamamiTa Tu epataJiT, litera-turuli „TamaSisken“ swrafviT ufro ipyrobdnen mkiTxvel-Ta yuradRebas, vidre TavianT SemoqmedebaSi simbolizmis-Tvis niSandoblivi ideur-esTetikuri mrwamsis gamoxatviT, unda iTqvas, rom maT mniSvnelovani nabiji gadadges qarTul poeziaSi axali stilis damkvidrebis gzaze, „cisferyanwe-lebma“ gaaaqtiures sityvebis dafaruli (sim-boluri) SesaZ-leblobebi.

swored sityvaTa ucnauri, bundovani, asociaciuri mniS-vnelobebis Ziebam miiyvana tician tabiZec poetur paradoqse-

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bamde, romelTa erTi saxeoba oqsimoronad iwodeba (berZ. oxy-moron – < oxy – mWreli, basri, maxvili da moron – ugunureba), rac gonebamaxvilur sisuleled unda iTargmnos. oqsimoro-ni aris enobrivi gamosaxvis stilistikuri xerxi, metyvele-bis figura, azrobrivi winaaRmdegobis Semcveli moswrebuli Tqma, romelic erTmaneTTan „SeuTavsebel“, urTierTgamom-ricxav cnebebs xatovnad akavSirebs (canava 2008: 21). igi gav-rcelebulia sasaubro metyvelebaSi, ritorikasa da mxat-vrul literaturaSi (civad moxarSuli, mSrali Rvino, co-cxali leSi, mWevrmetyveli dumili, mziani Rame...).

oqsimoronis zemoT warmodgenili ganmartebac, vfiq-robT, sakmarisi iqneboda am stilistikuri xerxisadmi gansa-kuTrebuli interesis aRsaZvrelad. Tumca misi idumalebis, momnusxvelobis asaxsnelad, oqsimoronis arssa Tu mxat-vrul funqciaSi ukeT garkvevis mizniT, gacilebiT Rrma analizia saWiro. mniSvnelovania, davfiqrdeT oqsimoronis Semadgenel komponentTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxze, ker-Zod, rogor xerxdeba SesityvebaSi sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebis „Serigeba“, rac oqsimoronis paradoqsulo-bis ganmapirobebel faqtorad gvevlineba.

ticianis poeziaSi SeniSnul ramdenime oqsimoronze dakvirvebis Sedegad vimsjelebT am sakiTxze da SevecdebiT amovxsnaT oqsimoronis mimzidvelobis saidumloeba.

jer warmovadgenT am ritorikuli figuris konkretul magaliTebs tician tabiZis Semoqmedebidan:

1. ar atirdeba Cems leqsebze qalwuli qali,ar gauRimebs TanagrZnobiT mwuxar striqonebs;gadirbens Tvali dabneuli, zarmacad mali,sastiki guli damwvel sityvebs ar moigonebs.

(„Cemi wigni“. tabiZe 1985: 70)

2. Cven saukunes mosdevi mxarida kretsabmeli Camoaxie,xar poeziis irema-xarida sadRegrZeloc SenTvis axia.

(„iaralis“. tabiZe 1985: 157)

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3. ver gibedavda rusTaveli pirispir Sebmas,

verc sxva poetma Sen aqamde leqsiT ver gaqo

da ufrTxis yvela samudamo Sen sisxlis embazs,

vaJkacobisTvis ganwirulo, Zvelo qalaqo!..

(„tfilisi“. tabiZe 1985: 104)

pirvel magaliTSi oqsimoronad miviCnevT Sesityvebas „zarmacad mali“. erTi SexedviT am cnebaTa dakavSireba uc-nauri da damabnevelia, vinaidan `zarmaci~ da `mali~ (`mardi~, `cqviti~, `swrafi~) erTmaneTs gamoricxavs. igi sityvaTa gu-lubryvilo TamaSs hgavs. leqsi SesaZlo ukvdavebis zRur-blze mdgari avtoris molodinsa da eWvebs gvacnobs. liri-kuli nawarmoebis Cven mier citirebuli pirveli strofis pirvel or striqonSi „sastiki gulis“ mqone gulgril mkiTx-vels avtoris warmosaxvaSi misTvis TiTqos daundobeli ga-naCeni gamoaqvs: „ar atirdeba Cems leqsebze qalwuli qali, ar gauRimebs TanagrZnobiT mwuxar striqonebs“, Tumca ka-tegoriuli da mkacri toni, rac anaforulad gameorebuli uaryofiTi nawilakebiT aris gaZlierebuli, mesame taepSi odnav rbildeba: qalis damokidebuleba poetisa Tu misi Semoqmedebisadmi arc ise erTmniSvnelovani yofila, rogorc Tavidan Canda; es damokidebuleba orazrovani da bundova-nia. qalwulis mzera daZabuli da nerviulia da misi ganwyobis gamoxatvis formad poeti oqsimorons irCevs. sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone epiTetebis erTmaneTis gverdiT dayene-biT poeti sityvebs da maTi meSveobiT Seqmnil mxatvrul sa-xes idumalebas sZens: „gadirbens Tvali, dabneuli, zarmacad mali“, Sesityveba „zarmacad mali“, faqtobrivad, metaforis datvirTvasac iZens.

urTierTsawinaaRmdego mniSvnelobis mqone cnebaTa ase-Ti mezobloba moulodnelia da Tavdapirvelad stilisti-kur Secdomas hgavs, Tumca oqsimoronis idumalebis ganmapi-robebeli umTavresi mizezi swored misi moulodneloba da ucnaurobaa. sityvebs Soris kavSiri TiTqos alogikuri da absurdulia. urTierTsapirispiro cnebaTa dawyvileba war-moqmnis daZabulobis vels da antagonistur ZalaTa (plusisa da minusis) usaTuo Sejaxebis Sedegad afeTqebis molodins

294

aCens. Tumca es molodini cruvdeba, vinaidan sapirispiro cnebebi erTmaneTs ki ar abaTileben, aramed maTi meSveobiT maqsimaluri sizustiT gamoixateba mkiTxveli qalwulis wi-naaRmdegobrivi damokidebuleba teqstisadmi. TiTqosda Se-uTavsebeli wyvilisgan viRebT axal mTlianobas, romelSic urTierTsawinaRmdego cnebebi erTmaneTs avseben da aZlie-reben. Seusabamoba, dapirispireba oqsimoronSi semantikuri urTierTSeWris gziTaa daZleuli. aseTi urTierTdamokide-buleba qmnis gamoTqmis (mxatvruli saxis) Sinagan dinamikas, rac, Tavis mxriv, ganavrcobs, aRrmavebs strofis Sinaarss da sacnaurs xdis oqsimoronis Semadgenel elementTa relati-urobas. oqsimoroni Tavisi struqturuli agebulebiT sam-yaros obieqtur winaaRmdegobrivobaze migvaniSnebs, viTare-baze, romelSic urTierTgamomricxavi Zalebi daZabulobiT aRsavse harmonias qmnian da TanamSromlobas axerxeben.

erT saintereso mometzec gavamaxviloT yuradReba: Tu leqsSi „Cemi wigni“ oqsimorons sawinaaRmdego mniSvnelobis mqone zedsarTavi da zedsarTavisgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis dakavSireba warmoqmnis („zarmacad mali“), Cven mier warmod-genil danarCen or leqsSi oqsimoroni erTmaneTisgan Sors mdgomi metyvelebis nawilTa Seusabamo kombinaciis Sedegad miiReba. Seusabamoni isini imis gamo xdebian, rom erTni (`sa-dRegrZelo~, `vaJkacoba~) dadebiTi konotaciis arian, xolo meoreni, maTTan dawyvilebulni, uaryofiTi konotaciisa (`axia~, `ganwirulo~). kerZod, leqsSi „iaralis“ paradoqsuli frazis Semadgenel komponentebs arsebiTi saxeli da Sed-genili Semasmeneli warmoadgens: „da sadRegrZelo SenTvis axia“ (nacvlad bunebriv-logikuri sityvaTSexamebisa: `mar-Talac rom dRegrZelobis Rirsi xar~), xolo leqsSi „tfili-si“ erTmaneTs Tandebuliani arsebiTi saxeli da mimReoba ukavSirdeba: „vaJkacobisTvis ganwirulo, Zvelo qalaqo!..“ (nacvlad bunebriv-logikuri sintagmisa: `vaJkacobisTvis mowodebulo~).

bolo or SemTxvevaSi SesityvebaTa Tu frazaTa Semadge-nel elementebs Soris Seusabamobas, maT paradoqsulobas ganapirobebs ara antonimuri opozicia, aramed dadebiTi

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da uaryofiTi konotaciuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityvaTa kombinacia. orive leqsi amaRlebuli paTosiTaa dawerili, leqsSi „iaralis“ poeti xotbas asxams megobar poets sandro SanSiaSvils, xolo „tfilisi“, faqtobrivad, dedaqalaqis sadidebelia. saTayvanebeli pirovnebis Rirsebebisa da uZ-virfasesi qalaqis mniSvnelobis saTanadod warmoCenisT-vis, rogorc Cans, poeti sagangebod mimarTavs oqsimorons: dadebiTi konotaciis sityvebs Zlieri emociuri muxtis mqone uaryofiTi konotaciis sityvebiT anacvlebs da swored am moulodneli CanacvlebiT warmoqmnili xatovani gamoTqme-bis, ergvarad sakraluri, metaforuli mniSvnelobis mqone Sesityvebebis meSveobiT xerxdeba poetis gansakuTrebuli, gamouTqmeli krZalvis, pativiscemisa Tu siyvarulis gamox-atva saTayvanebeli obieqtebis mimarT.

erTi garemoebac unda gaviTvaliswinoT: oqsimoronis zusti mniSvnelobis dadgena, misi zustad `Targmna~ yofiT enaze, rasakvirvelia, SeuZlebelia. Cven mxolod pirobiT definiciebs unda davjerdeT, rac, vfiqrobT, bunebrivia, rameTu gamouTqmelis gamoTqma mxolod xelovnebas (am Sem-TxvevaSi – poezias) xelewifeba.

damowmebani:

iaSvili 1916: iaSvili p. pirvelTqma. cisferi yanwebi. № 1. quTaisi: 1916

(Jurnalis gverdebi ar Aaris danomrili).

kvaWantiraZe 2008: kvaWantiraZe m. semiologiuri kvlevebis

meTodologiisaTvis. semiotika. № 4. Tbilisi: semiotikis kvleviTi

centri, 2008.

tabiZe 1916: tabiZe t. cisferi yanwebiT. cisferi yanwebi. № 2. quTaisi:

1916 (Jurnalis gverdebi ar Aaris danomrili).

tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi. Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba „merani“, 1985.

canava 2008: canava r. metafora. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba, 2008.

296

salome boboxiZe

vis eZRvneba `gaWianurebuli madrigali~?

tician tabiZes araerTi miZRvniTi xasiaTis nawarmoebi aqvs Seqmnili. erT-erTi maTgania „gaWianurebuli madriga-li“, romelic 1925 wlis ivlisiT aris daTariRebuli da da-weris adgilad Tbilisia miTiTebuli. igi ramdenime aspeqtiT ipyrobs Cvens yuradRebas. upirveles yovlisa davakvir-deT am xuTstrofiani leqsis bolo strofs, metadre – bolo taeps, romelic metateqstis sayuradRebo nimuSia:

ukanaskneli darCi qarTlis Sen dedofali

da Tu gvirgvini ufrToobiT Tavze dagatyda,

Cemi gulidan sxva gvirgvini gamoiTale –

es hiperbola bevr poetebs dastovebs saxtad.

(tabiZe 1995: 62)

poeti uCveulo da TiTqos yovelgvar saR azrs mokle-bul mxatvrul saxes qmnis – igi satrfos Tavis guls sTava-zobs rogorc masalas axali gvirgvinis gamosaTlelad! amiT igi axerxebs adresatis mimarT Tavisi grZnobis araCveuleb-rivobas gausvas xazi. marTlac, xSirad mZafri grZnobebi msgavsi uCveulo da Tamami formiT ukeT gadmoicema.

am uCveulo mxatvrul saxes ki mosdevs leqsis damag-virgvinebeli taepi: „es hiperbola bevr poetebs dastovebs saxtad“. es aris refleqsia teqstze Tavad teqstSive, da, amdenad, warmoadgens erT-erT pirvel metateqsts qarTul poeziaSi.

rogorc cnobilia, metateqstma gansakuTrebuli popu-laroba postmodernizmis epoqaSi moipova, manamde mas iSvi-aTad iyenebdnen da marginalur stilur xerxad iTvleboda, lirikul poeziaSi misi gamoyeneba ki postmodernizmamde Zalze moulodnelia, radgan igi, erTi SexedviT, ewinaaRmde-geba lirikis bunebas, Txrobis ZiriTadi gzidan aseTi gadax-vevebi Tu Sesvenebebi prozaul nawarmoebebSi araa gasakviri, lirikaSi ki, romelsac grZnobebis kompaqturi formiT gad-

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mocema axasiaTebs, TiTqosda metateqsti xelis SemSleli unda iyos, rakiRa igi arRvevs ganwyobis mTlianobas. magram, rogorc Cans, qarTuli poezia, Tavisi mravalsaukunovani mdidari gamocdilebiT, me-20 saukunis damdegs ukve gan-viTarebis im doneze imyofeboda, rom ar ufrTxoda amgvar „prozaul“ gadaxvevebsa Tu CanarTebs, risi nimuSebi tician tabiZis sxva leqsebSic gvxvdeba da sxva qarTvel poetebTanac.

poeti am metateqstiT sagangebod usvams xazs Tavis hi-perbolas da Cvens yuradRebas misken mimarTavs, TiTqosda imis SiSiT, vaiTu es Cemi mxatvruli migneba mkiTxvels Seum-Cneveli darCes da igi saTanadod ar daafasoso.

am metateqsts sxva funqciac aqvs: mas leqsSi moulod-nelobis efeqti Semoaqvs: mkiTxveli elis romantikul, Tav-ganwiruli siyvaruliT aRsavse striqonebs, im paTosis gag-rZelebas, rac sufevs wina strofebSi, Tumca amis nacvlad leqsis boloSi sakuTar literaturul prestiJze mofiqra-li, kolegebTan literaturul SejibrSi Cabmuli poeti xvdeba! es bolo moulodneli Jesti am leqsis avtorisa ramdenadme TviTironiasac ar aris moklebuli.

erTob sainteresoa vis sTavazobs avtori Tavis guls gvirgvinis gamosaTlelad? vis eZRvneba es leqsi? amis Sesa-xeb informacia tician tabiZisadmi miZRvnil samecniero naS-romebsa da memuarul literaturaSi ver aRmovaCineT.

vidre am sakiTxze Cvens varauds gamovTqvamdeT, gadavxe-doT ticianis sxva miZRvniT leqsebs. maTSi SeimCneva erTi Tavisebureba: pirovnebas, visac leqss uZRvnis, tician tabi-Ze xSirad akavSirebs im kuTxesTan, saidanac leqsis adresati aris warmoSobiT. magaliTad, nato vaCnaZes uZRvnis leqss saTauriT „alaverdoba“, Tamunia wereTlisadmi miZRvnil leqsebSi gvxvdeba „modinaxe“ (wereTlebis sagvareulo cixe saCxeris maxloblad), melita ColoyaSvils igi „kaxeTis gam-tydar gvirgvins“ uwodebs da a. S.

„gaWianurebul madrigalSi“ xSirad meordeba qarTlis toponimebi: taSiskari, aspinZa, liaxvi da sxv., rac gvafiqre-binebs, rom pirovneba, visac es leqsi eZRvneba, qarTlidan unda iyos.

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varZiaSi dedoflis, anu Tamar mefis, gamosaxulebis xse-neba („ar minda viyo gaTanguli, morcxvi ostati, romelic xatavs varZiaSi dedoflis freskas“) SesaZloa migvaniS-nebdes leqsis adresatis saxelze. xolo striqonebi „uka-naskneli darCi qarTlis Sen dedofali“ mis aristokratiul warmoSobas unda usvamdes xazs.

yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom leqsis adresati unda iyos Tamar ciciSvili (1908-1988), momavali gamoCenili msaxiobi, saqarTvelos ssr saxalxo ar-tisti (1981). am varaudis sasargeblod metyvelebs isic, rom leqsSi dasaxelebul aspinZis brZolaSi („mtkvari aspinZSi ga-daCexil TaTrebs miaxvevs“), romelic 1770 wels moxda, qar-TvelTa erT-erTi sardali iyo aleqsandre ciciSvili. leq-sis meore striqonSive naxsenebia „taSiskari“ („xar alewili, rogorc verxvi taSiskarisa“), SesaZloa es iyos miniSneba ta-Siskaris brZolaze (1609), romelSic Tavi gamoiCina sardalma zaza ciciSvili – TurqTa didi faSa mokla. ase rom, leqsSi am brZolebis mimdinareobis adgilTa moxseniebiT avtori Se-saZloa adresatis winaprebis gmirobaze mianiSnebdes.

leqsSi originaluri mxatvruli saxeebiT ixateba adresa-ti, igi aris „alesili, rogorc xmali maCabelebis“, misi „si-maRle simaRlea saxrCobelebis“, xolo gadmoxedva – „RvTis-mSobelis, qarTls rom aRirsa“.

meore strofidan leqsSi moulodnelad icvleba suraTi da satrfialo ganwyobis nacvlad brZolis paTosi gamodis wina planze:

me mesizmreba amaRamac mRvrie liaxvi

da muzaradi gaWenebul aTabagebis,

mtkvari aspinZSi gadaCexil TaTrebs miaxvevs,

mtkvari TaTrebis jiloebiT veRar dadgeba.

amas ki gamarjvebis sixaruliT aRsavse striqonebi mos-devs. rogorc vxedavT avtori adresats istorizmis sabur-veliT mosavs, igi poetisaTvis marto misi Tanamedrove lamazi qali ar aris, qarTlis ukanaskneli dedofalia („uka-naskneli darCi qarTlis Sen dedofali“), aristokratizmiTa

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da istoriuli brwyinvalebiT aRsavse, amitomacaa, rom masze fiqrTan erTad modis fiqri didebul gamarjvebebze.

sainteresoa, rom Tamar ciciSvilisadmi miZRvnil sxva av-torTa leqsebSic meordeba igive motivebi: giorgi leoniZe masze wers: „Sen geWidebi, Sen mogmarTav, rogorc iaraRs...“ (leoniZe; vsargeblobT qalbaton manana gigineiSvilis arqi-vSi arsebuli xelnaweriT), xolo Salva afxaiZe ki mis saxes cecxls adarebs: „am cecxls magonebs Seni saxe Seusadari“ (afxaiZe 1954: 276; leqsis saTauria `cecxlTan~) da aseTi paradoqsuli mxatvruli saxiTac axasiaTebs mas: „Seni sinaze qariSxalze ufro Zlieri“ (afxaiZe 1954: 273. leqsis saTau-ria `isev is darCi~). es epiTetebi qalis sulier siZlieresa da simtkiceze unda miuTiTebdnen, rac exmianeba ticianis leq-sSi striqonebs: „xar alesili rogorc xmali maCabelebis“.

Tamar ciciSvils miiCneven qarTveli qalis silamazisa da momxibvlelobis gansaxierebad, dedoflobis Rirsi mSve-nierebis gamovlinebad:

– „vin aris!“ Senze bWoben

– Tamar, qarTveli qali!

wers ioseb griSaSvili (griSaSvili, leqsis saTauria, `T.c~, 1924: vsargeblobT qalbaton manana gigineiSvilis ar-qivSi arsebuli xelnaweriT). sxva leqsSi ki ambobs: „dedo-falo, mxolod SenTvis vmReri mwyobrad“ (griSaSvili `waRve-ridan kikeTSi”; vsargeblobT qalbaton manan gigineiSvilis arqivSi arsebuli xelnaweriT) (Sdr. t. tabiZis „ukanaskneli darCi qarTlis Sen dedofali“).

sxva poetebsac axsenebs Tamar ciciSvili istoriul warsuls. giorgi leoniZe leqsSi „metexis Tavze“ (leoniZe: 1958, 126) Tamar ciciSvils Tamar mefes adarebs, Tavis Tavs ki – rusTavels, da msaxiobisadmi Tavis grZnobebs Tamar me-fisadmi rusTavelis grZnobebs uTanabrebs. Salva afxaiZe ki leqsSi „Rrubeli“ ambobs: „warsulis sityva idumali mesmis Sens xmaSi“ (`Rrubeli“ afxaiZe 1954: 274).

aseve mxatvrebic mas xSirad xatavdnen, rogorc Tamar mefes an RvTismSobels. rogorc cnobilia, Tamar ciciSvili

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iyo lado gudiaSvilis STagonebis wyaro qaSueTis taZarSi RvTismSoblis freskis Seqmnisas, xolo qeTevan maRalaSvi-lis Tamar mefis portreti Tamar mefis beTaniis freskisa da Tamar ciciSvilis saxis kombinaciaa.

ase rom, Cveni azriT, tician tabiZis es leqsi Tamar ci-ciSvils unda eZRvnebodes, ulamazes qarTvel qals, SesaniS-nav msaxiobs, mravali poetisa Tu mxatvris muzas.

P.S. dasasruls, minda didi madloba gadavuxado qalbaton manana gigineiSvils gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis.

damowmebani:

afxaiZe 1954: afxaiZe S. leqsebi. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1954.

leoniZe 1958: leoniZe g. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~.

1958.

tabiZe 1995: tabiZe t. erTtomeuli. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi.

Tbilisi: `merani~, 1995.

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E S S AY

zaza firaliSvili

teqstis dabadeba

da da-ve-hbada ufalman RmerTman yoveli

mÃeci velisaÁ yoveli mfrinveli cisaÁ da moiy-

vanna igini adamisa xilvad da yovelTa mSÂnvierTa

cxovelTa, romelica uwoda adam, igi ars saxeli

maTi, raÁZi uwodos maT (dab.2.19).

teqstis dabadeba TiTqos marad ganmeorebadi ambavia im-is Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gisxlteba xelidan is, rac TiTqos Seni iyo. es aris istoria im ucnauri winaTgrZnobisa, rom sadRac ganabula viRac, Tavisi miznebisaTvis rom giyenebs, gulg-rilad agarTmevs, rac aTasgvar keTil Tu borot ZalasTan faruli SeTanxmebiT, Seqmnis dauokebeli vnebaTaRelviTa da sakuTari umweobis gancdiT mogipovebia. agarTmevs da kvlav im wertilze gangiCens yofnas, saidanac yvelaferi xelax-laa dasawyebi: kvlav xelaxla unda daijero, rom Sens sulSi ueWvelad da naTlad aris pirvelsaxe imisa, ra unda daiba-dos da rogor, Semdeg ki viRac „Seni-sxvis“ Wirveuli nebisa da sakuTari umweobis winaSe mdgomma kidev erTxel mouxmo farul Zalebs dasaxmareblad da kidev erTxel gaiaro mSobi-arobis tkivilebiTa da alag-alag Svebis momgvreli keTili gamonaTebebiT mofenili gza, romelze yofnac ukve narko-tikiviT aucilebeli gamxdara SenTvis; mas Semdeg, rac erT-xel gamoscade teqstis qsovaSi cxovrebiT mogvrili tkbil-mware Troba da amiT Seni arsebobis raRaciT Zalze Seni da Zalze mniSvnelovani ganzomileba mosinje, masze uari veRar giTqvams. ara mxolod uars ver ambob, aramed cdilob, sxvebic Semoityuo am TrobaSi.

antonio salieris aqvs erTi nawarmoebi ari – Concerto for piano C major. (2 3), romelic Tavisi siRrmiTada metafizikuri

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simSvidiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba misi bevri sxva nawarmoebi-sagan. TiTqos Tavisi yoveldRiuri arsebobis hermetuloba-Si, Tavisi Tavis droSi gaWimul ganmeorebebisa da tiraJire-bis gzaze kidev erTxel miagno wamierad sulis im sakuTriv mdgomareobas, miadga singularobis im wertils, romlis perspeqtivaSic TviTobis mSvidi, daokebuli da uCveulo sazrisiT Seferili panorama daimzireba. am ganyenebul pano-ramaSi is braldebac ki, romelmac mas kacobriobis yvelaze did damnaSaveTa gverdiT daumkvidra adgili, gansxvavebuli sazrisiT ifereba. arada, eloda adgili adamianisa, rome-lic SuriT spobs imas, risi meSvebiTac kosmoss lamis Tavisi uzenaesi gamJRavnebisaTvis miuRwevia. ase amzadebdnen misi „msxverplisaTvis“ sakomunikacio sivrces Tanamedroveebi da adgils uTavisuflebdnen mas.

magram saqme mxolod mocartisaTvis adgilis gamoTavi-suflebas ar unda exebodes. aris kidev raRac, ramac gavrce-lebul xmebs gansakuTrebuli damajerebloba mianiWa da ara mxolod miTqma-moTqmis moyvaruli sazogadoebisaTvis. saq-me isaa, rom ara mxolod Semoqmedi, aramed nebismier adamiani elis wams, rodesac misi meSveobiT raRac Zalze mniSvnelo-vani gamoiTqmis da am gamoTqmis molodinSia. es molodini gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs adamianis arsebobas da SeiZleba iTqvas, igi wminda adamianur yofaSi gadahyavs. esaa teqstis dabadebis molodini. odesRac da sadRac, samoTxeSi myofs mas xom swored es ganuCines: yofierTa saxeldeba da amiT pirveladi logosis TanxmierebaSi maTi dadastureba. teqstis dabadebis molodini TiTqos am sawyisiseul mdgo-mareobaze migvaniSnebs da kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom „xatisaebr da msgavsebisaebr“ varT Seqmnilni. albaT, ami-tomac aRemateba teqstis qmnis vneba nebismier sxvas da ami-tomac varT mzad, rom aTasi juris zeciur Tu miwier Zalebs movuxmoT, raTa Soreulad mainc movsinjoT is, rac Cvens arsebobas gansakuTrebul Rirsebas aniWebs. es ar aris sagan-Ta Semecneba. es ukanaskneli, ra mniSvnelobiTac am sity-vas dRes vxmarobT da subieqtis mier obieqtis gagebas vgu-lisxmobT, ufro „gvian“ iwyeba – mas Semdeg, rac odesRac da sadRac cnobadis xis nayofi davagemovneT da amiT sayovel-Tao konteqstisagan sabediswerod gavucxovdiT. teqstis

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dabadeba aris pirveladi logosis dadasturebisa da yofi-erTaTvis yofierebis mimniWebeli aqti da samoTxidan gan-devnili adamianis ori ganzomileba Semecneba da Sroma misi preludiebia. amgvari dasturis gareSe yofiereba araraa. esaa diadi da faruli dialogi im ZalebTan, romlebmac Sen swored sityviT, bgeriT, feriT, formiT, azriT Tu keTili saqmiT ganxorcielebuli dasturisaTvis mogavlines. teqs-tis dabadeba am pirvelad mdgomareobasTan mibrunebis mcde-lobaa. qmnadobis am vnebis gareSe adamiani arc civia da arc cxeli, rac igivea, metafizikuri araraa.

salieric vnebianad miiswrafoda am qmnadoba-dasturi-saken da puSkiniseuli versiac iolad daijeres adamianebma, Tavadac rom araerTxel gamoucdiaT es vnebac da is umwe-obac, romlis gamoc saxeldebis demiurgul sixaruls ver Sewvdomian. daijeres imitom, rom masSi ioli amosacnobi iyo sakuTari Tavic da zogadadamianuri bedic. rogorc Cans, maTTvis es iyo drama adamianisa, romelic mTels Tavis ar-sebobas da zRvrul Zalisxmevas saxeldebis uflebis mop-ovebasa da teqstis dabadebas uZRvnida da visTvisac amgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe arseboba samoTxidan gandevnilis usas-rulo fexmZimoba iyo Svebis gareSe. da am dros arsebobda mocarti, rogorc Svebisa da pirvelad adamianur mdgomare-obaSi mibrunebis simbolo. amis Semdeg ukve ioli dasajere-beli iyo, rom salierim mocarti mokla, mokla rogorc saku-Tari uunarobisa da sicvedanis dasturi, da amiT iZia Suri mtrulad momarTul samyaroze.

aravin icis, sinamdvileSi ra moxda da Cvens SemTxvevaSi mTavari es ar aris. mTavari isaa, raSi amovicaniT sakuTari Tavi, ris gamoc am istoriam damajereblobac SeiZina da imis Sansic mogvca, rom gantevebis vaci aRmogveCina salieris sa-xiT. mTavari is aris, rom movaxerxeT Cveni Zireuli vnebisa da misi mudmivi oreulis – sxvis mier moniSnuli bilikebis gamo Suris personificireba da amiT raRac simsubuqe mainc SevZineT im mdgomareobas, romelSic varT – teqstiT muc-ladRebis mdgomareobas. mTavaria, rom vcadeT, sadRac ga-reT gagvetana dausrulebeli Sobis gamo tkivili Svebis molodinic da unayofobis gamo sasowarkveTac da kvlav Sve-bas davelodeT.

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arada, ra Wirveulia es Sveba. man SeiZleba gverdi auaros sa-kuTari sxeulis damTrgunvel askets, mTeli Tavisi intenci-ebi didi gamofxizlebisaken rom warumarTavs, arad Caagdos iseTi sxeulis patroni, Cangs rom mogagonebs RmerTebis xel-Si; Tavi aaridos mavans, visi sulis dinamikac Soltisebrad moqnili da ulmobelia, an iseTs, visi gonebac, umal, satexsa da CaquCs mogagonebs im titanuri Zalisxmevis gamo, romel-sac sul mcire naTlis mosapoveblad gaiRebs. man SeiZleba arad Caagdos Cveni usasrulo Zalisxmeva da mxolod misT-vis gasagebi mizezebiT SearCios mavani pragmatuli, meqal-Tane da mucelRmerTi arseba, romelsac zedmetad arasodes Seuwuxebia Tavi da swored misi sulis metafizikur bzarebSi gamJRavndes. Cveni Zalisxmeva TiTqos mxolod kakunia naT-lis karze, xolo kars gagviReben Tu ara, sxvisi gadasawyve-tia, idumali mavanisa da ara Cveni. am idumalma mavanma ki Tavqariani da Wirveuli, piris gemosa da gogonebTan Rlabu-cis moyvaruli cxovrebasTan moTamaSe biWi SeiZleba arCios mTels Cven dausrulebel kirTebas, xolo Cven, salieris msgav-sad, Civilisa da am usamarTlo samyaros gamo SurisZiebis meti araferi dagvitovos. SeiZleba mibaZo kidec am Rlabuca biWs, ecado, daemsgavso da Seni fiqrebis mouqneli simZime rogorme msubuq TamaSad aqcio, magram male aRmoaCen, rom, gsurs Tu ara, kvlavac sakanSi gamoketili mSromeli xar, zogjer sasowarkveTili mzad rom aris, jojoxeTur Zaleb-sac miendos, oRond ki mSobiarobis tkivilebi damTavrdes da wamierad, Tundac iluziurad aRidginos odesRac dakargu-li Rirseba. amas ver miafuCeCeb TavqarianobiTa da tkbobiT. gsurs Tu ara, es ukve Seni sulis mdgomareobaa – swored im-denad, ramdenadac sadRac da odesRac „xatisaebr da msgavse-bisaebr“ xar Seqmnili.

ucnauri ramaa teqstis gamJRavnebis aqtSi cxovrebis gamocdileba. esaa gamocdileba im bednierebis molodinisa, romelsac gamudmebiT gpirdebian saSvelad moxmobili Zale-bi; esaa gamocdileba imisa, Tu rogor toveb gzad ucnaur arsebebs, romlebic xSirad mxolod aCrdilebia imisa, risi gamotanac nebayoflobiTi autizmis mdgomareobaSi Seni fa-ruli gamocdilebebis wamieri gaelvebidan gsurda. es autiz-mi Tavadve miusaje Sens Tavs, radgan gwamda, rom swored am

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mdgomareobaSi SeiZleba daibados ukidures sicxe an ukidu-resi sicive. sabolood iZulebuli xar, rom kolbaSi gamoy-vanil erT-erT naklovan arsebas Seeguo da sxvebs mSvenier da dasrulebul nayofad SesTavazo im imediT, rom Semdeg jerze ukve namdvilad SeZleb saidanRac gaCenili Wirveuli winaaRmdegobis daZlevas da is, rac iSveba, erTxelac iqneba da mTlianad Seni nebiT iSveba. arada, maSin, rodesac gegona, rom sruliad marto iyavi mTlianad Seni kuTvnili sivrcis uwonadobaSi da araferi giSlida xels, Tavad geSva axli re-liefic, axali ierarqiebic, romeliRac farulma Zalebma avazakurad gamoiyenes Seni vneba, Tumca ki dasamSvideblad avtoris niRabi gargunes da ise gagistumres; yvelaferi ga-akeTes saimisod, rom Seni wyaroebidan, Seni idumali gamoc-dilebebidan ki ar amogekrifa axali cisa da miwis saSeni masa-la, aramed maT imperatiul da Wirveul nebas dahyolodi. faruli gamocdilebebis is saunje ki, romelsac atareb da cdilob daixsna socialuri konvenciebisa da algoriTmebis tyveobisagan, kvlav xeluxlebeli da gamouyenebeli rCeba. TiTqos Sen mxolod instrumenti xar mavanisa Tu mavanTa xelSi da rawamsac miiCneven, rom es instrumenti uvargisia an aRar aris saWiro, yofierebis kideze aRmoCndebi an kidev im arsebebs Soris, romlebic arc civni arian da arc cxelni.

meores mxriv, marcxis SiSi gvaiZulebs, dasjerde am ud-Reur nayofebs, ufro metic, hofmaniseuli feria rozabel-verdes msgavsad moefero, Tavze xeli gadausva da ise gauSva socialur sivrceSi samogzauroT imis imediT, rom ar gamoC-ndeba vinme balTazari, vinc miagnebs sam cecxlovan, jados-nuri Zalis mqone Tmis bewvs da cinoberad wodebul patara caxess amxels. rodesac mSobiarobis tkivilebs vaxsenebdiT, maTSi es Zrwolac igulisxmeboda – Zrwola imis gamo, ra mo-evlineboda qveyanas: is, risi imedic gqonda, Tu goeTeseuli homunkulusi, Tvalis gaxelvisTanave mefistofels Tavis na-Tesaur Zalad rom aRiarebs; xolo Semdeg ki amave homunku-lusiviT aTasi juris jadosnisa Tu demonuri arsebis karze unda ataro, raTa kolbidan daixsna da srulfasovani arse-boba mianiWo.

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erTi SexedviT, sruliad cxadad gqonda warmodgenili is, rac unda dabadebuliyo. TiTqos misi yoveli wvrilmani naTeli iyo, magram yvelaferi es jiutad geubneba uars si-tyvebSi, ferebsa Tu bgerebSi „ganTavsebaze“. aris kidev erTi ram, rac yvelas ganucdia, visac ki teqstis dabadebasTan hqonia saqme: teqsti, rogorc idumali mavani, mas Semdeg, rac misi pirveli Strixebi moginiSnavs TixiT, feriT Tu sityviT, Wirveulad cdilobs, Tavis nebas dagiqvemdebaros. hoda, iwyeba mSoblis maradiuli Tavgadasavali: fiqrob, rom Ta-vad qmni raRacas, sinamdvileSi ki es raRac Tavisi nebelobis wreSi gityuebs da am dapirispirebaSi ibadeba is, raSic ukve Tavadac ver gagirkvevia zRvari sakuTar da im faruli „sxva“ nebelobas Soris. ubralod, eguebi, rom is aseTia da sxva ve-raferi iqneba, rom is imdenad aris Seni, ramdenadac Svilia Seni, mudam rom gaurbis im sazRvrebs, romlebic winaswar mogixazavs misTvis.

ucnauri paralelia, magram yvelaferi es zedmiwevniT hgavs pasiansis gaSlas. esec mcdelobaa, rom rogorme dia-logi daamyaro im uvnebo da Seuwynarebel ZalebTan, Sens arsebobas rom ganageben; amoicno mainc isini da amiT, vin-Zlo, daZlio kidec. amas, cxadia, Tan sdevs SiSi, sasowarkve-Ta, bedisweris axali xrikebis molodini, imedi, sixaruli, sakuTari fiqrebiTa da sityvebiT naqsovi badisagan Tavis daRwevisa da yvelafris xelaxla dawyebis imedi da kidev, vin icis, ramdeni ram. cxadia xangamoSvebiT TvalTmaqcob da Tavs ikatuneb, rom yovelive amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs da es mxolod garTobaa, romelsac sisuleliT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWe; sakuTar Tavsac tuqsav da mouwodeb, rom fuW saqmianobaSi dro aRar dakargo da saqmes mixedo. miuxedavad amisa, mcire xanSi isev da isev eflobi sakuTar bedTan am farul da daZabul dialogSi manam, sanam yovel-dRiuroba ar gaiZulebs, mowyde am usazriso brZolis xibls, usazriso, magram, amavdroulad, yovladmniSvnelovan saqmes, romelSic TiTqos raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani saidumloa Camaluli – cocxali Tu ukve gamqrali imedebisa, momavali gzisa, imisa, Tu risi daxatva surda Seni saxiT ufals, dabo-los, imedi imisa, rom SeZleb da dausxltebi imas, rasac gsurs rom dausxlte; bolos da bolos mouZebni gasaRebs bedis-

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weris im rkals, TojinasaviT rom gaTamaSebs da Tavis nebaze dahyavxar; aq Camalula is imedic, rom bolos da bolos Senc gagexsneba da Sens nebas daeqvemdebareba savali gzebi. axla warmoidgineT mdgomareoba, rodesac yvela es azri Tu vneba erTianad xmianebs da gaiZulebs, rom kidev da kidev gaSalo es ucnauri pasiansi, yoveli gaSlisas ki xelaxla miece sruli-ad gulubryvilo, Tumca ki garduval imeds, rom yvelafris xelaxla dawyeba SesaZlebelia. hoda, cdilob bedisweris me-qanikur garduvalobas mouZebno is bzarebi, saidanac axali cxovreba, axali ca da axali miwa daiwyeba. cdilob, rom erTi diadi mefis msgavsad, erTi xelis dakvriT gakveTo is, rac aqamde amoucnob gamocanad iyo aRmarTuli. sakuTari bedis moxelvis Trobidan gaTavisufleba, albaT, SeuZlebelia. lamis ukve Seni nebis gareSe dagatarebs Jiniani rwmena imisa, rom zeciuri Tu qtonuri Zalebi, erTxelac, sruliad gan-sakuTrebulad mogeqcevian da mTels Tavis madls gaziare-ben. manam ki cdilob, Seni mpyrobeli Zalebis simkacresa da ulmobelobaSi is xvreli moZebno, saidanac haeris sufTa da grili nakadi Semoedineba. ufro metic, amqveynad veraferi dagarwmunebs, rom beds ganwiruli hyavxar da Sens ocnebebs aRsruleba ar uweria, radgan gulis siRrmeSi ukve didi xania gadawyvite, rom cxovrebas mxolod mas Semdeg miiCnev dawye-bulad, rodesac SeZleb da Seni sapyrobilis xist waxnagebs gabzarav.

vin icis, ramdenjer Sewyvet am saqmes da ramdenjer dadeb aRTqmas, rom aRkveTav drois am uazro fantvas, magram pa-siansi ucnauri magnituri ZaliT isev da isev giTrevs da ga-iZulebs kvlav da kvlav miubrunde mas, im imediT, rom fiqre-bis, saxeebisa da ganwyobebis banqoTi nageb suraTSi am jerze mainc gamoCndeba gza. erTi SexedviT, wyobaSi moZraobisa da gzebis gamoCenis araviTari imedi ar Cans. TiTqos sabolood Caiketa Cixi da ramdenic ar unda scado, yoveli mcdeloba usasod Seawydeba pasiansis gauval Tu Seuval wyobas. Tumca ra, Zalze iSviaTad magram mainc ucnauri ram xdeba: miuxe-davad imisa, rom araferi Secvlila da arc araviTari gansa-kuTrebul xerxi ar mogiSveliebia, wyoba TiTqos Sengan da-moukideblad iwyebs gaSlas, silaRiT dagyveba da teqstis SobiT mogvrili Svebisaken mihyavxar. an kidev, erTsa da imave

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CixSi kidev erTxel mibrunebiT sasowarkveTili uceb Tvals mokrav SesaZleblobas, aqamde rom ver SegimCnevia, mihyvebi mas da, erTi SexedviT, usaSvelo da gauvali kedelic rRvevas iwyebs, sulSi ki ukiduresi daZabulobis Semdeg Sveba, sixaru-li da Tavdajerebuloba isadgurebs. hoda, swored am dros, rodesac Seni sulis yvela simi gkarnaxobs, rom unda gaCerde da dasjerde am moulodnel wyalobas, TiTqmis maSinve cdi-lob igive gzis ganmeorebas, raTa daadasturo, rom gzis gaxsna ar iyo SemTxveviTi da rom kosmosis Zalebma, rogorc iqna, Tavis nebiera Svilad gaRiares.

da mainc, xom arseboben adamianebi, romelTac TiTqmis araviTari Zalisxmeva ar sWirdebaT am saqmeSi warmatebis misaRwevad? cxadia, arseboben. vin icis, ramden mavanSi aRu-ZvriaT Suri bedis am nebierebs, gulis siRrmeSi ramdens dauCivlia samyaros usamarTlobis gamo da vin icis, ram-dens dausvams beWedi fiqrze, rom samyaro ar aris Seqmnili samarTlianobisa da sikeTis principebiT, piriqiT, masSi iracionaluri, Wirveuli neba batonobs da adamianis yvela ukeTilSobilesi miswrafeba am gaurkveveli, yovlisSemZle nebis msxverplad iqceva. vin icis, ramdenjer gifiqria kacs, rom amgvar samyaroSi arseboba adamianis Rirsebis Seuracx-myofelia da rom erTaderTi gamosavalia, agdebiT moepyro mas – odnav maRlidan da ironiiT daxedo, rogorc amas goeTe ityoda da sadRac sxvagan gamoaTavisuflo SenTvis sivrce, sadac bedisweris boroti TamaSi ver mogwvdeba. naTqvamia, ve-raferi ver SeuSlis adamians xels, rom marTlad da patios-nad iazrovnoso. hoda, unda aRiWurvo am rwmeniT, marTali da patiosani azris stiqiaSi SegiZlia gadasaxlde da miatovo es damamcirebeli saqmianoba. TiTqos gicdia kidec, magram bediswera yovelTvis ufro eSmaki aRmoCndeba xolme, vidre gegona. swored maSin rodesac Tavs mSobiarobis am dausrule-beli mdgomareobidan daxsnilad igrZnob, xelaxla giTrevs Tavis uvnebo morevSi, kvlav Sehyavxar CixSi da es ucnauri pa-siansic dausruleblad grZeldeba.

rogor ar gaurbixar mis Cixs! rogori arqiseriozu-lobiT afaseb xolme qaRaldis ganlagebas – Tu ramdenad mWidrod gekvris bedis artaxebi da ramdenad geniWeba Tavi-suflebis raRac xarisxi. ramdenjer CarTulxar sakuTar

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bedTan paeqrobaSi, ramdenjer mogiSveliebia xrikad Tavis mosawyleba Tu raime msgavsi. arada, pasiansi im kekluci qa-liviTaa, imedisa da uimedoobis zRvarze rom gamyofebs da axlos ar gikarebs. hoda xar am warmateba-warumateblobis mijnaze. goneba TiTqos gkarnaxobs, rom Tavi Tu ar daaRwie sakuTar bediswerasTan kamaTis Tu misTvis Tavis Secodebis bodvas, Tu Tavi ar daaRwie im gisosebs, romelsac, Turme, Ta-vadve ageb, raRac Zalze mniSvnelovanis gareT SeiZleba aR-moCnde da Tanac – samudamod. samwuxarod da, iqneb, sabedni-erodac, teqstSi cxovrebis gamocdilebam ar icis saRi azri.

ggonia, rom ukve Tavi daaRwie sakuTari gonebis mTvle-marebas da sadacaa teqstic daibadeba, gaivlis mcire xani da aRmoaCen, rom kvlav sizmrad yofilxar da usasoba gipy-robs imis verdadgomis gamo, rasac juan Zi did gamoRviZebas uwodebda. hoda, ganagrZob erTi sizmareulobidan meoreSi dausruleblad mogzaurobas. amgvar mogzaurobas (erTi siz-mareulobidan meoreSi) oTar WilaZe sizmrad gamoRviZebas uwodebda. maxsovs, erTxel, wlebis win zafxulis cxel dRes sicxiT gaTanguls CameZina. raRac drois Semdeg gameRviZa. wamodgoma davapire, magram mTeli sxeuli tyviasaviT dam-Zimebuli mqonda da ver davimorCile. TiTqos raRac mZime da mrume siTxe mqonda sxeulSi da ganZreva ar SemeZlo. raRac drois Semdeg udidesi Zalisxmevis xarjze movaxerxe, fexebi Semetokebina, mere usaSvelod mZime sxeuli rogorRac wam-ovwie da wamovjeqi kidec da, uceb, mivxvdi, rom aqamde gaR-viZeba mxolod mesizmreboda da am sizmareulobas ver davsx-ltomodi. amjerad ukve SvebiT amovisunTqe. kvlav wamovjeqi – amjerad ufro iolad. is iyo, iataks fexi davakare, rom kvlav gaviazre, es yvelaferic sizmrad xdeboda. amis Semdeg imaSi darwmunebulma, rom amjerad mainc gaviRviZe, oTaxSi gaviare da kidev erTxel aRmovaCine igive. am dros sabolood gameRviZa, Tumca es gaRviZeba ar gamxarebia, radgan sizmarSi sicxadis iseTi mkveTri gancda mqonda, rom sifxizle masTan axlosac ver mividoda. mokled, davubrundi im mdgomare-obas, romelsac sifxizles vuwodeb. es ar iyo didi gamoRvi-Zebis dadgoma. es ufro uCveulo sizmareulobidan CveulSi gadasvla iyo. da mainc, bednieri viyavi, rom sxeuli kvlav memorCileboda da Tavisuflad SemeZlo memoZrava.

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asec SeiZleba aRwero kacma sakuTari arseboba – rogorc sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa rigi; da ara mxolod sakuTari – mTe-li erisa Tu sazogadoebisac. TiTqos gRviZavs, sakuTar sxe-ulSi xar, magram es ukanaskneli ar gemorCileba. yoveli xe-laxali gamoRviZebis Semdeg sxeuli, erTi SexedviT, ufro damyoli xdeba, magram male xvdebi, rom igi kvlav raRac Tavneba da Wirveuli Zalis tyveobaSia. grZnob amas da saso-warkveTili cdilob, Tavi daaRwio morig sizmrad sifxizles. maSinac ki, rodesac ggonia, rom, rogorc iqna, daimorCile Tavi, maleve igrZnob, rom es sxva araferia, Tu ara Segueba Seni sxeulis simZimesa da mouqnelobasTan. saimisod, rom sxe-uli, marTlac, damjer da moqnil iaraRad iqces, didi gzaa gasavleli – sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa lamis dausrulebeli rigi. mxolod am rigis bolos – sadRac da odesme – SeiZleba dadges Seni arsebobis oqros saukune – didi gamoRviZeba. da Tu ginda, rom es odesme dadges, aucileblad unda gaxsovdes, rom is, rac aq da axla xdeba, sxva araferia, Tu ara sizmrad gamoRviZebis konvulsiebi, romlebic miT ufro mtanjvelia, rac metad miiCnev mas Sens saboloo da sasurvel mdgomare-obad. sanam am ukanasknels miaRwevde, mamiseuli saxlidan gandevnili, CamoZenZili da daqanculi moxetiale xar, rom-lisTvisac, rogorc budisti berisaTvis, odesRac da sadRac maTxovris jami da krialosani gadauciaT, erTi – lukma-pu-ris saSovnelad, meore – gaRviZebis TxovniT locvisaTvis. xelSic sabjenad joxic moumarjves, raTa sakuTari daumor-Cilebeli sxeulis simZimem svla ar Seawyvetinos. nebismier wams misi arsebobisa mxolod sizmradaa gaRviZebuli da es aRZravs masSi saboloo gaRviZebis vnebas.

isec momxdara, raRac Zala gamogagdebs xolme Zilidan (an, ufro sworad, Zilis erT-erTi „Sridan“) – gonebis simZi-me da gamoyolili mTvlemareba ki gagrZnobinebs, rom dila jerac ar damdgara da ki ar gaiRviZe, (erT-erTi) Zilidan gamogagdes, viRacam Tu raRacam Segawyvetina (erT-erT Zil-Si) sizmareuli mogzauroba da ukan mibruneba ukve SeuZlebe-lia. axali sizmareuli gza unda wamoiwyo. wevxar am ucnauri mdgomareobiT gaguvebuli, Cveuli fiqrebi da garemoebebiucnaurad rom gadaxlarTulan sizmareul xilvebSi, gana-bulxar am mdgomareobis ucnaur hipnotur xiblSi manam,

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sanam saRi azri Zilisken mibrunebas ar gaiZulebs. am dros SeiZleba dadges Zalze mcire monakveTi droisa, rodesac aR-moCndeba, rom sizmareul xilvebSi, aqamde rom TojinasaviT gaTamaSebdnen, sakuTari nebac aRmoaCino da axla ukve saku-Tari nebiT gaakeTo raRac, Senma gadawyvetilebam sazrisi da qmediToba SeiZinos. am dros TiTqos axerxeb imas, rac Cveu-lebriv, dauZleveli amocanaa: sizmareul samyaros ucxadeb, rom Sen xar, Sen arsebob da rom gaqvs qmediTi neba imisa, rom Seni arseboba Senive nebis TanamonawileobiT gamoxato. siz-mareul yofaSi. mZinare amas TiTqmis verasodes axerxeb.

da kidev erTi: zRvarze yofnis mdgomareobaSi fiqrebs mxolod Soreuli msgavseba aqvs imasTan, rasac, Cveulebriv, fiqrs vuwodebT. am dros sizmareuli saxeebi da gancdebi jerac gexmianebian da Senc gaTrobs es ucnauri, mZime, TiT-qos mtkivneuli, Tavisi uCveulobiT SiSis momgvreli, mag-ram mainc hipnoturad mimzidveli mdgomareoba. azri raRac gansxvavebul sazriss iZens da Tanac gansxvavebuli sazrise-bis nafleTTa matarebel da sizmareuli xilvebis aCrdilTa am mdgomareobaSi, am ucnaur metyvelebaSi, rodesac metyve-lebs ara sizmareuli samyaro, aramed am Sualedur mdgo-mareobaSi SemorCenili misi kvali. Senc fiqris meSveobiT axerxeb, rom misi Tanamyofi iyo. mere ki isev daZinebis gada-wyvetilebas iReb da isev brundebi im yofaSi, sadac Sens ne-basada yofiT sifxizles kvlav viRac sxvebi euflebian.

zRvrul mdgomareobaSi ki sifxizlis naSTebSi raRac xmebi da xilvebi Semoiparebian xolme. cudi naTqvamia „Semo-iparebian“,ufro swori iqneboda, meTqva – gamJRavndebian. sifxizlis naSTebs avsebs is, rac ucnauri wesiT ukve gegu-leboda da rac, Turme, gaSfoTebda da gaurbodi. Cndeba Tu ara sifxizleSi raRac Wrili, xelidan uSveb Tu ara sakuTa-ri cnobierebis sadaveebs, es SemoWra iwyeba da garemoebaTa, saganTa da kavSirTa damangreveli xilvebi gewveva. isini frTxilad, TiTqos SeumCnevlad Semoiparebian cnobierebis bzarebSi da ise daibudeben iq, TiTqos arc arasodes wasulan iqedan da arc arasodes yofilan sxvagan, SemoiWrebian usas-rulod nacnobi ucnobebi, yovelgvar logikas moklebuli mcnebebi da cnebebi, SemoiWreba iseTi azrobrivi kavSirebi,

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romelTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, albaT, eWvic ar hqonda aristo-teles. an, iqneb, swored imitomac qmnida „organons“, rogorc swori msjelobisa da daskvnis Sesaxeb mecnierebas, rom am moZalade xilvebisgan Tavi daeRwia. Tumca es sxva Temaa.

is, rac aqamde groteskad SeiZleboda mogCveneboda, am yofaSi namdvilze unamdvilesia da swored Tavisi namdvilo-biT gTrgunavs. is, rac SenTvis Cveulebriv gonebis wamieri da araadeqvaturi axireba iyo, cnobierebis mTels sivrceze, mis yvela ganzomilebaze mTlianad batondeba, da gaiZulebs, misi Wirveuli da zogjer damcinavi wesebiT icxovro. is, rac sakomunikacio sivrceSi gamotanis mcdelobisTanave samuda-mod gagriyavda am ukanasknelidan da martoobaSi Cagtovebda, iq Tavad qmnis yovelgvar komunikacias. misi Wirveuli Zal-mosileba imdenad didia, rom wamierad eWvic SeiZleba gagiC-ndes, uflebamosilia Tu ara misgan gansxvavebulis arseboba. esaa Tavisi sixistiT damTrgunveli Zalmosileba, erTgvarad sikvdilis msgavsi imiT, rom gulisxmobs Sens nebas, magram im-TaviTve uaryofs mis qmediTobas.

rodesac bolos da bolos, Cveul mimarTebebs vubrunde-biT, ucnauri arsebebi qrebian an Cveul saxes iReben, usas-rulod nacnobi ucnobebi kvlav mexsierebis Soreul kunWu-lebSi ikargebian, wesrigi aRdgeba, Tumca ki viciT, rom Tu ara is, rac am mdgomareobidan uneblied gamogvyva, Cveul wes-rigsa da mimarTebebSi mosiarule micvalebulebi gverqme-oda da rom swored iqedan gamogvyolia is, risi wyalobiTac ar varT gvamebi gvamebs Soris, Tumca ki is, rac am bzarebSi SemoWrilTa wyalobiT gavigeT da ganvicadeT, kvlav sadRac miikarga da did gamofxizlebamde jerac Soria.

saimisod, rom sruli azriT gvekuTvnodes is fiqrebi, romlebiTac vcxovrobT da, miTumetes, is teqstebi, romle-bic sxvebsac da Cvenc, sakuTrebis azriT, Cvenad migvaCnia, saimisod, rom SevZloT saxeldeba, didi gamoRviZeba unda dadges. manam ki nebismieri teqsti sxva araferia, Tu ara siz-mrad gamoRviZeba da tkiviliani sinanuli imis gamo, rom nam-dvili gamoRviZeba jer ar damdgara. mzad xar, moiparo madli

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da doqtori faustiviT Tu adrian leverkiuniviT, mTeli danarCeni samyaros winaaRmdeg SeTqmuli, nebismier Zalas da-umegobrde, vinc ki amaSi dagexmareba, raTa Semdeg moparuli madli sazeimod gaitano sajarod. mzad xar, bolomde aitano is mdgomareoba, romelic erTdroulad nebayoflobiTi autizmicaa da sakuTari Tavis dauflebis vnebiani wadilic. cdilob, jaSuSiviT Seiparo sakuTari sulis jerac mouxilav da sakralur sferoebSi, raTa maTi madli miitaco da samyaros Sens nayofad SesTavazo. es raRaciT bavSvis garyvnas hgavs, pirvelyofil da xeluxlebel garemoSi borotebis Setanis im istorias, dostoevski rom aRwers „sasacilo kacis siz-marSi“. Cven xom yvelas gveguleba raRac faruli da parale-luri arseboba Tu gamocdileba, romlis moxelvac dauZle-veli amocanaa. hoda, mzad xar, nebismier xerxs mimarTo, rom masSi Seiparo, Tavi moikatuno, TiTqos Senc am qveynis mo-qalaqe xar da Semdeg romSi SeWrili barbarosiviT mopovebu-li davliT daubrunde SenTvis Cveul da bunebriv arsebobas. kolbaSi gamoketil maxinj homunkulussac ise Sescicineb, rogorc Seni Rirebulebisa da mniSvnelobis uzenaes dasturs da daatareb karidan karze imis imediT, rom vinme mainc daixs-nis mas kolbidan da arsebobas mianiWebs. arada kolbac Tavad Segiqmnia da Tavadve gamogiketavs masSi idumali gamocdi-lebebidan gamotyuebeli da arabunebriv garemoSi moxved-riT sadRac da odesRac wamierad dalandulis groteskuli oreuli, ucnauri kloni, madlis moparvis wyalobiT rom Se-giqmnia, magram sicocxle ver miginiWebia. da Tu mainc miewe-reba sicocxle – mxolod imitaciaa sicocxlisa. es iqneba mxolod sicocxlis aCrdili da monaTesave imisa, visac ho-munkulusi Tvalis gaxelvisTanave miesalma.

Jak derida erTgan ambobs, rom rodesac raimes werda da amiT Tavisi dekonstruqciuli intervenciiT adre mouxilav teritoriebs eufleboda, xangamoSvebiT SiSis wamebi ewve-oda xolme. es ar xdeboda werisas. werisas mas raRac Zleva-mosilis garduvaloba amoZravebda, romelic misgan moiTxov-da, ewera is, rasac werda. magram sxva dros, konkretulad ki CaZinebis wams, erTgvari naxevrad Zilis mdgomareobaSi, uceb,

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eufleboda Zrwola yvelaferi imis gamo, rasac akeTebda. mis aracnobierSi SfoTi da SiSi ibudebda. es hgavs mdgomareobas mavanisa, romelsac esizmreba, rom SiSvelia da SeZrwunebu-lia imiT, rom yvela xedavs mis siSiSvles. am naxevrad Zilis mdgomareobaSi eufleboda gancda, rom raRac danaSauleb-rivi da samarcxvino Caidina, risi gamJRavnebac ar SeiZlebo-da. TiTqos viRac CasZaxoda da arcxvenda gakeTebulis gamo, ubrZanebda, Seewyvita es saqmianoba, ukan daexia da nawerebi daewva.

gaRviZebisTanave yvelaferi es wydeboda. TiTqos nax-evrad Zilis mdgomareobaSi – ai, swored, mis cnobierebaSi ukontrolo bzarebi roca Cndeboda – evlineboda daraji da imas eubneboda, rac TiTqos Tavadac icoda. am dros sruli-ad naTlad esmoda, rom misi saqmianoba zedmiwevniT serio-zuli da sabediswero ram iyo. magram rodesac fxizlobda da muSaobda, darajs eZina da xels ver uSlida imis keTebaSi, rac, misi sifxizliseuli rwmeniT, unda ekeTebina. Tvlemi-sas ki es daraji kvlav mianiSnebda, Tu ra saSiS zRvarTan iyo misuli. mxolod teqstis dabadebis wyurvili fantavda am Zrwolas da ukve aRarc axsovda darajis sayveduri imis gamo, rom polemikisa da warmatebis JiniT atanilma, wvrilfexa ba-cacasaviT moipara madli.

fxizeli daraji mudam gelis. rogorc ki sifxizlis siv-rce dabzarvas daiwyebs, rogorc ki aimRvreva Cveul kontu-rebi da mimarTebebi, misi xma Senamde aRwevs da gaxsenebs, rom homunkulusis SeqmniT sruliad ukanono saqmianobas ewevi, rom did gamoRviZebamde Tu mainc raime iSveba CveniT, mxolod imis wyalobiT, rom sakuTari Tavi, sakuTari sxeuli da sakuTari fiqrebi, rogorc masala SegviTavazebia viRac sxvisTvis, viRac anonimurisaTvis, romelic Tavad arasodes iCens Tavs da mxolod ase, sizmrad gamoRviZebaTa meSveobiT amJRavnebs Tavs. xolo is, Tu vis SearCevs da rodis, mTlianad mis nebazea damokidebuli. Cven mxolod is SegviZlia, rom sa-kuTari Tavi SevTavazoT, rogorc masala, sxeuli, romliTac mas sakuTari Tavis gamoTqma ZaluZs.

arsebobs ki gamosavali amgvari mdgomareobidan, rodesac

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teqstis Sobis garduvalobas cvlis Zrwola imis gamo, rom ra-Rac danaSauls sCadixar. egeb, erTaderTi, rac am mdgomare-obam SeiZleba Svas is salieria, evropis fsevdointeleqtu-alurma mucliTmezRapreobam rom Seqmna, rogorc mocartis sapirwone? arsebobs ki gamosavali am hegeliseuli ubeduri cnobierebidan, rodesac individi cdilobs absolutis tvirTi ikisros da homunkulusebs Sobs? swored amis gamo xom ar Ciodnen lev tolstoic da Tomas manic, rodesac Tavis saqmianobas gulaxdilobis Jams codvil saqmianobad Tvlid-nen?! yvelaferTan erTad, Tomas manma Tavis „romanSi erTi romanis Sesaxeb“ mianiSna kidec adrian leverkiunis ambis si-axlove sakuTar bedTan. sabolood, aris ki am saqmianobaSi raime iseTi, rac mas gaamarTlebda da marad aRusrulebel saxeldebas aRsrulebul saxeldebad aqcevda? Tu Semoqmede-ba mxolod absoluturi martoobisaken mimavali gzaa da misi erTaderTi nayofi kolbaSi Tvalgaxelili xelovnuri arseba SeiZleba iyos, romelic isevea vagneris nayofi, rogorc misi naTesavisa da mokeTis – mefistofelisa. erTaderTi nayofi es hermetuli kolbaa, sadac mxatvars, mwerals, musikoss Tu, ubralod sakuTari „Sin“-is Seqmnis mcdel adamians sakuTari Zalisxmeva da, sabolood, sakuTari Tavic ganuTavsebia. ram-denadac kolba Seuvalia da ar uSvebs sicocxles, am sizifes Sromis nayofi mxolod SemoqmedebiTi solifsizmi da kompar-Cikosis qoTnis tyveoba Tu iqneba. am qoTans ki arc fanjrebi aqvs da arc kari, bzaric ki ara aqvs saimisod, rom am usas-rulo martoobaSi Svebad macocxlebeli haeris nakadi Semo-iWras. pirveladi sityvis dadasturebis sasowarkveTl mcde-lobas misi sapirispiro Sedegi mohyveba am sityvisagan sruli gaucxovebisa da samaradisod Sens mierve Seqmnil imitaciaSi gadasaxlebis saxiT. erTi SexedviT, sxva Sedegi SeuZlebelia mohyves nebayoflobiT autizms, romlis wiaRSic absolutur sicxesTan da absolutur sicivesTan TamaSi igulisxmeba. autizmi xom ukve TavisTavadaa usasrulo martoobiT mog-vrili tkiviliani tkboba absoluturi TviTmkmarobisa da absoluturi kompetenciis, rac igivea, sruli martoobis im mdgomareobiT, romelic sakuTar Tavs Senve ganuCine.

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mTeli es saubari aqve SeiZleboda dagvesrulebina, Tu ara erTi sruliad cxadi, Tumca ki iolad dasaviwyebeli ram: Sexvedra am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT, Sexvedra, rome-lic umal liturgiaa, vidre ori arsebis urTierTgadayra da romelic, ra paradoqsuladac ar unda JRerdes, swored Tavis antipodSi – nebayoflobiTi autizmis zRvrul mar-toobaSi SeiZleba aRsruldes.

odnav ukan davixioT da erTxelac gavixsenoT salieris Concerto for piano C major. (2 3) – mSvidi da metafizikuri sevdiT gaJRenTili winaTgrZnoba droSi usasrulod gaWimuli braldebisa, sasjelisa im saxelisaTvis, romelic mxolod imitom daimsaxure, rom saSualo yoveldRiuri adamianebis gonebaSi adgili gamogeTavisuflebina im meoris, warmosax-viTi msxverplis gansaTavseblad. salieri aq TiTqos mara-diuli ostrakizmisaTvis emzadeba da winaswarve moixilavs im gzebs, romelTa gavlac mouwevs; TiTqos winaswar mosin-javs imas, rac jer kidev sicocxleSi elis: istoriis upi-robod uaryofiTi personaJis mdgomareobas, dRes bevrisT-vis borotebis aTvlis erT-erT wertils rom warmoadgens. am nawarmoebiT man TiTqos datova uwyeba imisa, rom icoda, ra eloda da isic esmoda, Tu ramdenad garduvali iyo es. es aris metyveleba sulisa, romelsac bediswera ki ar miaTrevs, aramed stoicisturad Tavad, Tavisi nebiT mihyveba mas da amiT iseTi RvTismsaxurebisaTvis imzadebs Tavs, romlis pa-tivic mxolod erTeulebs Tu xvdomiaT wilad.

da mainc, aq gaJRerebul usasrulo martoobas, egeb, swored misi zRvruli daZabulobis mizeziT raRac ucnauri, zebunebrivi Riaoba eZleva. Tu mocartis Piano Concerto No. 20 in D Minor, KV 466 (3/4)-s gavixsenebT, SeiZleba „mkvlelisa“ da „msxverplis“ gasaubrebac aRmovaCinoT, davinaxoT, er-Tad rogor qmnian idumal simfoniurobas da rom rogorc erTis, ise meoris teqsti TiTqos swored am metafizikuri simfoniurobis mdumarebaSi iSveba. SesaZloa, swored amis aR-qma dagvexmaros, Soridan mainc SevavloT Tvali adamianuri yofis im saidumloebas, teqstis dabadeba rom SevarqviT. es

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ori nawarmoebi da maTi idumali simfoniuroba migvaniSnebs, Tu ra Tavgadasavlebs gadis ori adamianis sulSi TiToeuli maTganis mier gamJRavnebuli Jestebi, rogori idumali in-teraqciaa maT Soris, Tanac interaqcia, romelSic mJRavndeba is, vinc yovelTvis iqaa, „sadaca iyvnen orni gina samni“. am me-samis uCinari magnetizmi TiTqos orives aiZulebs, miubrund-nen erTmaneTis mier Tu erTmaneTis meSveobiT gamJRavnebul Jestebs da mihyvnen maT mogzaurobas sakuTari fiqrebis wi-aRSi. am urTierTSexebis Semdeg ukve SeuZliaT samogzaurod gaswion da Tan gaiyolon is cocxali wertilebi Tu sulis gaRviZebuli dinamika, romlebic erTmaneTis fiqrebSi Cau-tovebiaT – mas Semdeg, rac erTmaneTs xeli waaSveles, mcire droiT mainc gadaelaxaT siyrue da sibrmave da am cocxali da energiiT savse wertilebis TanxlebiT ganagrZoT erTma-neTis TavgadasavlebTan naziarebi Tavgadasavlebi.

hoda, raRac momentis Semdeg, albaT, im momentisa, rode-sac mocarti da salieri erTmaneTs Sexvdnen, uCinar er-TianobaSi ganagrZobdnen mogzaurobas da Tvals adevnebdnen, Tu rogor moZraobdnen maT sulSi erTmaneTis musikalur Jestebad gamJRavnebuli fiqrebi. oriveni xom teqstiT iy-vnen mucladRebulni. oriveni mtanjveli da mZime sisavsiTiyvnen Sepyrobilni da Tavisi musikalur Jestebad gamJRav-nebuli fiqrebiT erTmaneTs Svelodnen im saocari wamis dadgomaSi, rodesac mSvidi sixaruliT SeZlebdnen im mesame damswres meSveobiT pirvelad saxeldebasTan miaxlebas. am TanaobiT eaxlebodnen imas, risi gamoTqmac maTi meSveobiT ufals surda da saxeldebis bibliuri metaforac, albaT, swored amas niSnavs. Cveni mTavari saqme xom saxeldebaa da ara Semecneba – pirveladi saqme-saxeldeba. amgvari TanaobiT ubrundebodnen isini im pirvelad harmonias, romlidanac odesRac maTi winapari gamoaZeves; rogorc odesRac adamad-yofilebs, sxva araferi darCenodaT, erTmaneTs solifsis-turi martoobis gadalaxvaSi miSvelebodnen da dalodebod-nen logosis TanxmierebaSi saxeldebisa da dasturis madliT dajildoebis bednier wuTebs.

Tavad samyaroc xom am dasturSi arsebobs. realobis grZnoba swored rom pirveladi sityvis dadasturebis aqtia.

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sxvagvarad: realobis grZnoba dadasturebisa da saxeldebis erTianobaa. xolo Tavad saxeldeba SesaZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac arsebobs adamianuri interaqcia, ramdenadac es saxeldeba sxvisi fiqrebis TavgadasavlebSi aisaxeba da amiT srulfasovan arsebobas moipovebs. amiT avtorsa da aRmqmels Soris iseve gadailaxeba zRvari, rogorc Semecnebis SemTx-vevaSi subieqtsa da obieqts Soris, radgan es ukanasknelic mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu obieqti adasturebs Semec-nebis aqtis arsebobas. gansxvaveba isaa, rom teqstis dabadeba garduvalobiT niSnavs ori subieqtis – avtorisa da aRmqme-lis – interaqcias. amis gare, rogorc ukve ramdenjerme vTqviT, teqstiT mucladRebas mxolod usasrulo martoo-bisaken SeiZleba mivyavdeT.

dRevandeli pragmatuli samyaroc xom informaciis – am pirveladi sityvis ubadruki oreulis – substanciiT aigeba da ara materiiTa da ideebiT. samyaro, rogorc RvTis keTil-metyveleba, swored CemiT, Cems mier saxeldebiT dasturde-ba da amitomac var RvTis „xatisaebr da msgavsebisaebr“. igi arsebobs iq, sadac uSinaganesi kavSiria keTilmetyvelebasa da saxeldebas Soris. es ukanaskneli ki, Tu RvTis keTilme-tyvelebis daZabulobaSia moqceuli erTnairad SeiZleba xdebodes sityviT, feriT, bgeriT, formiT Tu yoveldRiuri, sruliad uCinari saqmiT. Semoqmedic da aRmqmelic logosis daZabulobaSi arian, es ukanasknelic imTaviTve gulisxmobs adamianuri arsebebis sakomunikacio interaqcias, rogorc adgils dasturisa. Cven yvelani erTad mis daZabulobaSi, mis nebelobaSi vimyofebiT da es qmnis Cvens Tanaobas. Cven erT-maneTis megzurni varT am TanaobaSi da, sokratesi ar iyos, Cveni Tanaoba maievtikis maradiuli xelovnebis asparezia.

Cven, rogorc yofierebidan „amovardnili“ arsebebi, mud-mivad komunikaciis eqstazSi varT. Cvens sinamdviles qmnis ara saganTa sistema, aramed komunikaciis garduvaloba, sxvagva-rad rom vTqvaT, sityvis eqstaturi daZabuloba. komunikaci-is am universalur aqtSi Cven unda vSvaT sityva, rogorc ani da hoe arsebulisa.

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amiT teqstis Sobis mdgomareoba Cveni, rogorc adamiane-bis Tanaarsebobis „adgilad“ iqceva. Cven varsebobT da Tana-varsebobT imdenad, ramdenadac yofierebiT mucladRebuli sityvis an sityviT mucladRebuli yofierebis mdgomareoba-Si vimyofebiT. ufro metic, nebismieri ram arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac Cven yvelani pirveladi logosis wiaRidan misi gamoTqmis dadasturebis aqtSi vmonawileobT.

sxvagvarad am mdgomareobas jerarSobili teqstis gamoc-dilebaSi yofnas vuwodebdi. adamiani Tanaziaria pirveladi sityvisa da Sobs yofierebas, rogorc teqsts. amiT Cven yve-lani, rogorc iurgen habermasi ambobs, varT ara WeSmarite-baSi – sityvam moitana da yvelaze saxifaTo iluziaa iluziaTa Soris, aramed sakomunikacio racionalizmis mdgomareoba-Si, teqstisa da konteqstis Sobis mdgomareobaSi. Tu am azrs gaviziarebT, imasac SevniSnavT, rom racio da religiuri grZnoba ar yofilan erTmaneTs sabediswerod daSorebulni, rogorc es xSirad hgoniaT xolme. ganazrebaTa am diskursSi isini garduvalobiT xvdebian erTmaneTs.

amitomac hgavs ase Zalian teqstis agebis procesi sa-kuTari „Sin“-is agebas. masSi mJRavndeba, Tu ra instrumen-tebs vflob, Turme, da ras ara, ra gamocdilebebi atareben imgvar Warb energias, raRac formebSi rom moiTxoven Cemgan ganTavsebas. yvelaferi sxva sruliad umaqnisi aRmoCndeba im Wirveuli da Jiniani aqtis winaSe, rogoricaa gamocdilebaTa daudgromeli vneba, raRac formebi SeiZinon da Cemi „Sin“-is substanciad iqcnen. da mec lamis pasiurad Tu dabneuli, ufro ki sakuTari Tavis mtkivneulad nacnobi perspeqtivis winaTgrZnobiT Sepyrobili mivdev process, Tu rogor cdi-lobs Cemive (isev da isev, mtkivneulad nacnobi) perspeqtiva gamJRavndes da Tavi aigos, rogorc erTTdroulad sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari samyofeli. sakuTar „Sin“-Tan erTad iba-debi da sakuTari igiveobis konturebs mosinjav da aRmoaCen, rom raRac ucnauri wesiT Cveni yvelas adamianuri Tanaoba am identobis pirvelprincipi yofila.

da riT ar aris yvelaferi es uxilavi liturgia? Cveni Tanaoba TiTqos dasturia Cvenive erTobisa. amiT – avtorisa da aRmqmelis SexvedriT aRsruldeba saidumloeba Sexved-

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risa da Tanayofnisa, idumalad TanamSromeli nebelobebisa, TavianTi ZalisxmeviT misi Tanayofna rom unda uzrunvel-yon. mniSveloba ara aqvs, Sexvedris monawileni saidan arian mosulni, romeli msoflmxedvelobidan, romeli kulturu-li garemodan, romeli aRmsareblobidan. mTavaria, rom maT miagnes erTmaneTs im pirvelad TanaobaSi, sadac gza da WeS-mariteba sufevs da saidanac arian gamosulebi, Tumca ki es Tanaoba Turme, „aqve ars“ da mJRavndeba maSinve, roca ki ga-gebisa da Tanalmobobis wami gaielvebs.

solifsistur martoobaSi SeuZlebelia adamadyofnis sixaruli. igi mxolod sxvebTan erTad aris SesaZlebeli. es mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moxdes, Tu sityviT, bgeriT, feriT Tu ragindara saqmiT aRWurvili sxvasac grZnob Sen-Tan erTad, Sens TanaobaSi da sxvasac ityueb RvTis sity-vis dadasturebis aqtSi. amiT Semoqmedeba Sordeba im say-velpuro mniSvnelobas, gadis im farglebidan, romelsac sityviereba, musika, mxatvroba da sxvani hqvia da adamianuri moRvaweobis nebismier sferos swvdeba da liturgiul mniS-vnelobas iZens. Semoqmedeba, sayvelpuro azriT, mxolod miniSnebaa imaze, risi aRsrulebac gvqmnis Cvenc, rogorc adamianebs da qmnis im samyarosac, romelSic Tavs ganvicdiT. Tu ara RvTis sityvis dadasturebis aqti, adamianuri Tavi-sufleba qimera iqneboda, radgan swored am dasturSi varT xatisaebr da msgavsebisasebr erTni SemoqmedTan. aqedanaa is pasuxismgeblobac, romelic Cven, rogorc, gvsurs Tu ara, am dadasturebis aqtSi myof arsebebs gvekisreba, radgan is ga-remo, romelSic vcxovrobT, swored es dasturia. Cven an RvTis keTilmetyvelebas vadasturebT, an kidev usasrulo martoobaSi myofebi miTqma-moTqmaSi yurmokrulis kloni-rebas vcdilobT da kolbaSi gamoketil sinamdviles vqmniT.

Cven, rogorc bibliuri meSvide dRis arsebebi, yvela sxva arsebisagan gansxvavebiT, konteqstisa da komunikaciis amo-canis winaSe aRmovCndiT. esaa Cveni, rogorc adamianebis bedis-wera. amitomac teqsti, rogorc komunikaciis sivrcis Seqmnis mcdeloba, Cveni arsebobis garduval „adgils“ warmoadgens. Cven ara varT sivrcesa da droSi. Cven sityvis, rogorc lo-

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gosis daZabulobaSi varT. Cven mudmivad mis daZabulobaSi, mis nebelobaSi vimyofebiT da es qmnis Cveni komunikaciis Ta-naziar sivrces da ara sivrce-droiTi ganzomilebebi. Cven, rogorc yofierebidan „amovardnili“ arsebebi, mudmivad komunikaciis eqstazSi varT. ukve vTqviT, rom Cvens sinamd-viles qmnis ara saganTa sistema, aramed komunikaciis gar-duvaloba, sxvagvarad – sityvis eqstaturi daZabuloba. ko-munikaciis am universalur aqtSi Cven unda vSvaT teqsti da amiT is, rac odesRac moxda israelSi mariamis mucladRebis, Sobis, epifaniis, jvarcmisa da aRdgomis Semdeg warmoadgens mudmiv pirvelnimuSs imisa, rasac Cven aRvasrulebT.

mTelma am msjelobebma TiTqos sadRac sxvagan wagviy-vana da xelidan gagveqca Tavad is, ris dabadebazec unda gvesaubra – teqsti, rogorc aseTi, rogorc adgili, sadac avtori da aRqmeli erTmaneTs xvdebian da sadac aRmqmeli xelaxla gadis (Tumca ki ukve moniSnul) gzas, rac gaiara av-torma. cxadia, aRmqmelis svla aRar aRiwereba martirolo-giur kategoriebSi. igi adasturebs teqsts Tavadac erTve-ba sityvis, bgeris, ferisa Tu formis im TamaSebSi, romelic avtoris meSveobiT gamJRavnda da akeTebs mTavars – imas, ris gareSec avtors xelT mxolod kolbaSi Caketili homunku-lusi SerCeboda. igi gadaalaxinebs avtors Tavis usasrulo martoobas da teqstis horizontSi xvdeba mas. esaa teqstis meore da namdvili dabadeba. aRmqmeli am dros is bebiaqalia, romelic mSobiarobis tkivilebs Svebisaken ukvalavs gzas. es ar aris im rigis Sexvedra, romelic mocartisa da salieris Sexvedris saxiT aRvwereT. esaa Sexvedra teqstSi, sityvis, feris, bgeris, formisa Tu saqmis nebelobaSi. is, rac avto-risaTvis usasrulo martoobis maxe iyo, aRmqmelis wyalobiT metafizikuri Sexvedris Riaobad gvevlineba. davazustebT: es SeiZleba iyos Sexvedra pirveladi sityvis emanaciaTa – si-tyvis, bgeris, feris, formis Tu qmedebis cxovelmyofel ne-belobaSi. Tu es moxda, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom teqsti iSva da sicocxlis uflebac moipova.

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X X s a u k u n i s T e o r i u l i a z r o v n e b i s i s t o r i i d a n

Jak lakani*

fsiqologia da metafsiqologia

WeSmariteba da codna.kbilis eqimebis kogito.

me (je) – es igive ar aris, rac[Cemi sakuTari] me (moi), subieqti

– igive ar aris, rac individi.1920 wlis krizisi.

gamarjoba, Cemo Zvirfaso megobrebo, ai, Cven kvlav Sev-xvdiT erTmaneTs.

me-s (moi ) bunebis gansazRvra – amocanaa, romelic Zalze Sors wagviyvans. agre iyos, marTlac Soridan daviwyoT, da ukve iqedan centrs davubrundeT, rac Cven sworedac am So-reTSi gagviyvans.

wels Cveni Tema iqneba `me froidis Teoriasa da fsiqoana-lizis teqnikaSi~. magram me-s cnebas ara mxolod am Teoriisa da praqtikis farglebSi aqvs azri, aramed maT sazRvrebs miR-mac – am problemis mTeli sirTule swored es gaxlavT.

me-s cneba muSavdeboda uxsovari droidan, muSavdeboda rogorc egreT wodebuli filosofosebis mier – romlebTan nacnobobac sulac ar Seicavs komprometirebis saSiSroebas – ise yoveldRiuri cnobierebiT. mokled rom vTqvaT, me-s Sesaxeb raRac warmodgena arsebobs, – pirobiTad, winaswar orientiri rom gvqondes, vuwodoT mas analitikuramdeli, –

* Jak lakani (1901-1981)– gamoCenili frangi fsiqoanalitikosi, fsiqiatri da eqimi. misi seminarebi, romlebsac mecnieri regularulad 1953-1979 wlebSi kiTxulobda, Seadgens ocdaeqvs toms. maTgan frangulad srulad gamoq-veynebulia mxolod nawili. `kritikis~ mkiTxvels vTavazobT erT Temas rusul enaze gamocemuli lakanis ortomeulidan: Жак Лакан. Семинары. Кн.2. В ред. Жака-Алена Миллера. Москва, »Гнозис-Логос», 1999, 7-21.

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warmodgena, romelic cdilobs, daimsgavsos is principuli siaxle, rasac am funqciasTan mimarTebiT froidis Teoriac amtkicebs.

Sedarebis da, Tundac Tavdapirveli azris damaxinje-bis fasad, sakuTar kategoriebTan misadagebis am swrafvas SeiZleboda, gaveocebineT, froidiseuli me-s cneba imdenad revoluciuri rom ar iyos, raTa damsaxurebulad iwodebo-des `kopernikiseul gadatrialebad~. esaa gamonaTqvami, rom-lis azrsac CvenTvis ukve SarSandel kursSi aexada farda, da rac safuZvlad daedeba Cvens amJamindel Sexvedrebs.

TiTqmis yvela miRebul Sedegs Cven axla froidis Teori-is Semdegi fazis ganxilvisaTvis gamoviyenebT. es Teoria aqac Cvens ariadnes Zafad darCeba, – ar dagaviwydeT, rom Cveni seminari swored teqstebze muSaobas eZRvneba.

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axali perspeqtivebi, romlebic froidma aRmoaCina, mo-wodebuli iyo, wina warmodgenebi gaeuqmebina. magram, amis miuxedavad, aTasobiT SeumCneveli Zvrisa da damaxinjebebis gamo teqnikur terminTa gamoyenebisas raRac iseTi moxda, ris Sedegadac sakuTari me-s cneba qveynierebas kvlav moev-lina saxiT, romelic ara mxolod ar pasuxobda froiduli Teoriis arqiteqtonikis, rogorc erTiani mTelis, moTxov-nebs, aramed amJRavnebda tendencias, – rogorc amas, sxvaTa Soris, Riadac aRiarebdnen, – es codna ganezavebina zogad fsiqologiaSi, ese igi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, analitikuram-del fsiqologiaSi. ramdenadac Teoria da praqtika erT-maneTisagan ganuyofelia, amdenad analitikuri urTierT-moqmedebac, TviT mimarTuleba analitikuri praqtikisa, aRreuli aRmoCnda. is, rac dRes fsiqoanalizis teqnikaSi xdeba, amis naTeli dadasturebaa.

es saqme Zalze gamoucnobad rCeba. magram is Cven ase Zlier ar agvaRelvebda, saubari rom exebodes ubralod konfliqts sxvadasxva skolebs – retrogradebsa da prog-resistebs, ptolomeoselebsa da kopernikelebs – Soris. mo-

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cemul SemTxvevaSi raRac ufro seriozuli xdeba. saubaria imaze, rom analizi, adamianur urTierTobaTa es gamaTavisu-flebeli, mademistificirebeli operacia, erTi mxriv, da, meore mxriv, adamianisaTvis, miT ufro, Tanamedrove adami-anisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fundamenturi iluzia `cdismie-ri gamocdilebisa~ – erTmaneTTan konkretul da Zalze efeq-tur TanamSromlobaSi Caebnen.

Tanamedrove adamians sakuTar Tavze nawilobriv gulub-ryvilo, nawilobriv ki detalurad damuSavebuli Sexedu-leba aqvs. misi Tavdajerebuloba, rom ase da asea mowyobi-li, Camoyalibda bundovan, mis kulturaSi miRebul cnebaTa arealSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mis warmodgenaSi es rwmena bunebrivi midrekilebis nayofia, sinamdvileSi is masSi dRe-vandeli civilizaciebis aqtiuri, yovelmxrivi zemoqmede-bis Sedegad Cndeba. yoveli Cemi Tezisi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom froidis teqnika misi Tavdapirveli saxiT gadalaxavs am iluzias, romelmac adamianur subieqturobaze savse-biT konkretuli Zalaufleba SeiZina. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba, kiTxva ase daisvas: dauSvebs ki fsiqoanalizi, TandaTan rom aiZulon, Tvali daxuWos imaze, rac mis winaSe wamierad sa-burvelaxdili aRmoCnda, Tu piriqiT, amas ufro reliefuri da ganaxlebuli saxiT warmoaCens?

swored amitomac, sasargeblod CavTvaleT, sruliad gan-sazRvruli stilis gansazRvrul naSromebs mivmarToT.

Cemi azriT, uadgilo iqneboda, Cven mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebani dagveyo calkeul mimarTulebebad, TavTavian-Ti ganviTarebis WrilSi. ase magaliTad, is, razec guSindel leqciaSi aleqsandre koirem isaubra platonis dialogis funqciasTan dakavSirebiT, – amodioda ra menonis dialogi-dan, – sruliad bunebrivad Tavsdeba im msjelobaTa mimdi-nareobaSi, romelsac Cven aq gTavazobT. samSabaTis leqciebi, romlebsac samarTlianad vuwodebT riggareSes – swored imas emsaxureba, rom yovel Tqvengans Camouyalibdes jer kidev upasuxod darCenili kiTxvebi im sferoebidan, rom-lebic mocemuli seminaris Temas esazRvreba.

guSin saRamos Cemi mokle gamosvlisas (menonis gantole-baTa gardaqmnasTan dakavSirebiT) me ramdenime sityviT

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Tqveni yuradReba mivapyre imas, rasac SeiZleba vuwodoT WeSmaritebis funqcia Casaxvis mdgomareobaSi. saqme is gax-lavT, rom codnas, romelTanac WeSmaritebis Canasaxia dakav-Sirebuli, SeuZlebelia, ar hqondes sakuTari inercia – iner-cia, romlis ZaliT is raRacas kargavs TviT im Tvisebisagan, romlis wyalobiTac saerTod iwyebs sakuTar Tavze fiqrs. sxva sityvebiT, igi aSkara midrekilebas avlens sakuTari sazrisis (arsis – m.k.) ignorirebisadmi. amasTan, es degrada-cia arsad ar Cans ise naTlad, rogorc fsiqoanalizSi, da ukve es faqtic mowmobs, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani arCeva-ni keTdeba iq, sadac fsiqoanalizi adamianuri subieqturobis gansazRvruli saxis ganviTarebaSi erTveba.

WeSmaritebisa da codnis es uCveulo orazrovneba da-sawyisidanve SeimCneva – marTalia, TviT sawyisamde Cven ve-rasodes mivaRwevT, magram miviRoT sawyisad (Tavisebur `koordinatTa sawyisad~) Tundac platoni. guSin Cven es or-azrovneba SevniSneT menonSi, magram amave warmatebiT Segve-Zlo, gangveWvrita is protagoraSic, romelzec guSin sauba-ri ar yofila.

vin aris sokrate? es gaxlavT adamiani, romelmac adami-anur subieqturobas pirvelad misca stili, misgan ki gamo-vida cneba codnisa, romelic pasuxobda gansazRvruli saxis erTianobis moTxovnilebebs. esaa swored is codna, romelic eqsperimentuli disciplinis saxiT win uswrebda mecniere-bis nebismier progress. Cven jer kidev mogviwevs imis dadge-na, saxeldobr, ras niSnavs mecnierebis avtonomia eqsperimen-tuli registrisadmi. amgvarad, rogorc ki saTaves udebs im axal `yofierebas-samyaroSi~ – romelsac aq subieqturobas vuwodeb – sokrate myisierad aRmoaCens, rom mecnierebas sulac ara aqvs unari, aCvenos gzebi, romlebic adamianTa modgmas misTvis yvelaze ZvirfasTan, aretesTan – am umaR-les srulqmnilebasTan miiyvans. ukve aq xdeba Taviseburi de-centrireba: erTi mxriv, swored es saTnoeba uxsnis codnas moqmedebis vels, meore mxriv, mis gadacemasTan, memkvidre-obiTobasTan, aRzrdasTan mimarTebiT es saTnoeba mis zRvars miRma aRmoCndeba. da, imis nacvlad, rom amas Tavi avaridoT,

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da sakuTari Tavi davarwmunoT, rom bolos da bolos yve-laferi mogvardeba, rom Cven winaSe sokrateseburi ironiaa, da rom, adre Tu gvian, mecniereba ukana ricxviT am problemas Tavs gaarTmevs, sjobs, amaze axlave davfiqrdeT. miT umetes, rom aqamde amasTan mimarTebiT Sesaxeb istoriam sanugeSo ve-raferi mogvitana.

mainc ra moxda sokrates droidan? mravali sxvadasxva ram, da maT Soris: qveynierebas me-s cneba moevlina.

rodesac qveynierebas raRac moevlineba, raRac iseTi, rac Cven, iZulebulni varT, axlad miviCnioT, roca war-moiqmneba saganTa sxva wesrigi, Cven winaSe myisve ixsneba axali perspeqtiva warsulSi da sakuTar Tavs veubnebiT: `SeuZlebelia, es odesme sxvagvarad yofiliyo, es xom uxso-vari droidan ase iyo~. nuTu sakuTar TavSi amgvari ram ar SegviniSnavs?

aiReT, magaliTad, enis warmoSoba. Cven gvgonia, TiTqos iyo momenti, rodesac am planetaze laparaki unda daewyoT. Sesabamisad, Cven vaRiarebT, rom adgili hqonda raRacis war-moSobas. magram, dawyebuli im momentidan, rodesac warmoq-nili, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqturiTurT, aviTviseT, aRmoCnda, rom simboloebis daxmarebis gareSe, romlebic yovelTvis SeiZleboda, gamoeyenebinaT, Cven absoluturad uunaroni varT imis gansjisas, Tu ra uswrebda am yvelafers win. Cven yovelTvis gveCveneba, TiTqos is, rac warmoiSva, droSi ganusazRvrelad xangrZlivad arsebobs – Tavis saku-Tar sazRvrebs miRma gadaWimuli. Cven ar ZalgviZs, es axali wesrigi azrobrivad gavauqmoT. da es SeiZleba vamtkicoT nebismieri movlenis mimarT, samyaros warmoSobis CaTvliT.

roca vfiqrobT, zustad aseve ar SegviZlia, gverdi avu-aroT Cven mier istoriis msvlelobaSi SeTvisebul sakuTari me-s registrs, Tumca xandaxan saqme gvaqvs sakuTar Tavze adamianis fiqrebis nakvalevTan im epoqebSi, rodesac es re-gistri, rogorc aseTi, aqtiurad ar gamoiyeneboda.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, Cven gvgonia, rom sokratesa da mis Tanamosaubreebs farulad ukve hqondaT warmodgena am centralur funqciaze, rom sakuTari me maTTan, Cans, ukve asrulebda imis analogiur funqcias, rasac dRes asrulebs

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– ara mxolod sakuTar Tavze Teoriul fiqrebSi, aramed saku-Tar miswrafebaTa, survilTa spontanur aRqmaSi, sakuTarisa da sxvisis garCevaSi da (gamijvnaSi – m.k.) imisa, rasac Cven vaRiarebT sakuTari pirovnebis namdvil gamoxatulebad da imisa, rasac ukuvagdebT, rogorc parazits. da Zalze Znelad Tu warmovidgenT, rom odesRac es fsiqologia Cven saerTod ar gvqonda.

simarTlea Tu ara es yvelaferi? am kiTxvis dasma yvela SemTxvevaSi Rirs.

misi dasma niSnavs, scado, aRmoaCino raRac momenti, ro-melSic cneba me nebas gvaZlevs, igi Casaxvis momentSi davi-naxoT. amisTvis Sors wasvla arc aris saWiro – Cven winaSe jer isev cincxali mowmobebia. sakmarisia, davubrundeT im, arcTu Soreul epoqas, rodesac Cvens cxovrebaSi iseTi se-riozuli Zvrebi moxda, rom gvecineba kidec, roca protago-rasTan vkiTxulobT, sokratesTan misuls, rogor gamosZaxa maspinZelma: `ei, SemodiT, vinaa mand?~ stumarma ki upasuxa: `es me var, protagora~. sasaciloa imitom, rom, rogorc pla-toni SemTxveviT moixseniebs, yvelaferi srul sibneleSi xdeba. amisaTvis aravis arasodes miuqcevia yuradReba, rad-gan aman, SeiZleba, mxolod is adamianebi daainteresos, rom-lebic, Cven msgavsad, sul cota, samocdaTxuTmeti welia, rac eleqtronuli naTuriT sargebloben.

CaxedeT literaturas. Tqven amtkicebT, rom yovelive es marTlac axasiaTebs im adamianebs, romlebic fiqroben, magram sakuTari me-s Taviseburi, met-naklebad spontanuri gageba yovelTvis arsebobda im adamianebSic, romlebic ar fiqroben. magram Tqven ra iciT amis Sesaxeb? Tavad Tqven xom im adamianebs ekuTvniT, romlebic fiqroben, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, memkvidreni xarT adamianebisa, romlebic amaze fiqrobdnen. asea Tu ise, imis nacvlad, rom am kiTxvas Tavi avaridoT, vecadoT, masSi ukeT gaverkveT.

am juris adamianebs, romlebsac Cven pirobiTad dantis-tebad movixseniebT, mtkiced swamT msoflio wesrigis arse-boba, radgan hgoniaT, rom naTeli azrovnebis kanonebi da procedurebi ukve gadmocemulia b-ni dekartes mier msje-lobaSi meTodis Sesaxeb. Tumca misi vazrovneb, maSasadame,

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varsebob – fundamenturi principi yvelafrisaTvis, rac axal subieqturobas exeba – arc ise martivia, rogorc am dan-tistebs hgoniaT, da moiZebnebian adamianebi, romlebic mzad arian, masSi wminda wylis TaRliToba aRiaron. Tu marTalia, rom cnobiereba sakuTari TavisTvis gamWvirvalea da saku-Tar Tavs, rogorc aseTs, Seicnobs, maSin naTelia, rom amiT me (je) misTvis ufro gamWvirvale ar xdeba. is mas obieqtisa-gan gansxvavebuli wesiT ar eZleva. cnobierebis mier obieq-tis aRqma mas mis Tvisebebze dauyovnebliv warmodgenas ar aZlevs. igive xdeba cnobierebis mier me-s aRqmisas.

sxva sityvebiT, maSinac ki, Tu me Cven winaSe marTlac war-modgeba refleqsiis aqtSi, sadac cnobiereba, rogorc uSu-alo mocemuloba, sakuTari TavisaTvis gamWvirvalea, es jer kidev sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom es realoba – romlis arse-bobis aRiarebac, TavisTavad, arcTu ise cotaa – amiT sru-lad amoiwura.

filosofiuri xasiaTis mosazrebebma Cven TandaTan sa-kuTari me-s wminda formalur gagebamde migviyvana, metic – maT am funqciisadmi kritikuli damokidebuleba Cagvi-nerges. adamianuri azri jer kidev uaryofs im ideas, TiTqos sakuTari me warmoadgens substancias, ganixilavs ra mas, upiratesad, rogorc miTs, romelic mkacr mecnierul kri-tikas eqvemdebareba. ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba, kano-nieria es azri, Tu ara, es azri, romelsac loki, kanti da fsiqofiziologebi, iZulebulni iyvnen, gahyolodnen, – mar-Talia, TavianTi mizezebiT da sakuTar winapirobebze dayr-dnobiT – ecada, masSi wminda wylis iluzia daenaxa. yvela isini udidesi eWviT epyrobodnen me-s funqcias, radgan masSimet-naklebi sicxadiT myarad ikidebda fexs substanciona-lizmi – religiuri warmodgena sulze, rogorc ukvdavebis TvisebiT dajildoebul substanciaze.

istoriam gansacvifrebeli fokusi Cagvitara: sakmarisi iyo, mxolod wamierad arad Cagvegdo froidis swavlebis is mxare, romelmac safuZvlebis Seryeva da, azris ganviTare-bis garkveuli tradiciiT, SesaZloa, progresic ki moitana, rom dauyovnebliv aRmovCndiT im kritikulamdel epoqaSi, romelsac filosofia didi xania daSorda!

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Tavis droze, froidis moZRvrebis daxasiaTebisas, mas kopernikiseuli gadatrialeba vuwodeT. es ar niSnavs, rom yvela arakopernikiseuli usaTuod erTmniSvnelovania. ada-mianebi dedamiwas amgvar usasrulo dablobad yovelTvis ro-di warmoidgendnen, zogjer isini mas sazRvrebs miawerdnen, sxvadasxva formebsac, vTqvaT, qalis Sliapisas. magram bo-los da bolos isini im azramde mividnen, rom aris raRac, qve-moT ganlagebuli – vTqvaT, centrSi, – da masze, rogorc sa-fuZvelze, Sendeba danarCeni samyaro. Tumca CvenTvis Zneli warmosadgenia, ra SeeZlo efiqra sakuTar me-ze sokrates Tanamedroves, magram misTvis raRac centrSi unda yofili-yo ganlagebuli da ar Cans, rom amas sokrate eWvis TvaliT uyurebda. ufro savaraudoa, rom es raRac mas naklebad ax-senebda im sakuTar me-s, romelic sawyiss sadRac XVI sauku-neSi an XVII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi iRebs. magram esec da isic safuZvelSi, centrSi ido. da ai, am warmodgenasTan mimarTebiT froidis aRmoCena gaxldaT swored koperniki-seuli gadatrialeba – centri gadatanili aRmoCnda. am aR-moCenis azrs kargad gamoxatavs rembos brwyinvale formula (cnobilia, rom poetebi, romlebmac ar ician, ras amboben, amis miuxedavad, yovelTvis pirvelni amboben): `me – es sxvaa~.

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oRond epataJze ar wamoegoT, arc ifiqroT, gavardeT quCaSi da iyviroT: me sxva var, – es, damerwmuneT, kargs arafers mogitanT. ufro metic, aki amiT araferi Tqmula. Tavdapirvelad unda SevityoT, ra aris es `sxva~. am termi-niT zedmetad moxibvla ar Rirs.

Cven erTi Zveli kolega gvyavs, mcire xniT TanamSrom-lobda tan modernSi (axali dro), romelsac, rogorc iciT, eqsistencializmis Jurnals uwodeben. da ai, erTxel man gangvacvifra gancxadebiT, rom fsiqoanalizis warmatebiT gavlisTvis aucilebelia unari, sxva aRiqva, rogorc ase-Tio. gamomivida Wkviani! `da ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi, rode-sac ambobT: sxva?~ – SeiZleba umal vkiTxoT mas. `sxva – vinaa es: Tqveni msgavsi, Tqveni moyvasi, Tqveni me-s ideali, Tu,

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ubralod, carieli geja? gana isini yvelani sxvani ar arian?~ aracnobieri srulad sxlteba im utyuari sagnebis wridan, romlebSic adamiani sakuTar Tavs Seicnobs, rogorc saku-Tar me-s. swored am wris gareSe arsebobs raRac, romelsac sruli ufleba aqvs, me-d iwodebodes da romelic am uflebas im faqtiT aCvenebs, rom qveynierebas swored maSin evlineba, roca sakuTar Tavze, rogorc me-ze, ganacxadebs. da es gax-lavT swored is, risi codnac (aRiarebac – m.k.) ar surs sa-kuTari me-s sferos, da romelic yovelTvis mzadaa, analizSi Tavi warmoadginos (mogvaCvenos – m.k.), rogorc me-m.

am registrSi yvelaze reliefurad warmoCndeba mniS-vneloba imisa, rasac froidi aracnobierze gvauwyebs. iman, rom Tavisi azri termin `aracnobieris~ daxmarebiT gamoxata, froidi namdvil winaaRmdegobebamde miiyvana in adiecto, mas mouxda eTqva, rom es man Tavadac uwyoda da (sic venia verba!) amis gamo ganuwyvetliv ixdida bodiSs – aracnobieri azre-bis Taobaze. yovelive es Zalze uxerxuli iyo, radgan im epo-qis enobriv urTierTobaTa pirobebSi, rodesac man pirvelad Camoayaliba Tavisi ideebi, is iZulebuli iyo, esargebla im warmodgeniT, rom yvelaferi, romlisganac sakuTari me Sen-deboda, aseve ekuTvnoda cnobierebis rigs. magram es sulac ar gaxlavT cxadi. Tu is zogjer asec saubrobs, amis mizezi filosofiuri azris garkveuli gezia, romelic im epoqaSi sa-kuTar me-s da cnobierebas ganixilavda, rogorc or, Tanabari Rirebulebis sidides. magram rac ufro Sors midis froidi, miT ufro uWirs, cnobierebas Tavisi adgili ganusazRvros. ase rom, nebsiT Tu uneblied, igi iZulebulia, aRiaros, rom saerTod SeuZlebelia, cnobierebas adgili mouZebno. Tan-daTan igeba dialeqtika, romelSic me ukve ar emTxveva sa-kuTar me-s. bolos da bolos, froidi sabolood nebdeba: aq saxezea, – ambobs is, – pirobebi, romlebic jer kidev xelidan gvisxltdeba; mxolod momavali gvaCvenebs, raSia aq saqme.

mimdinare wels Cven vecdebiT, swored is gavarkvioT, Tu romeli adgili SeiZleba mivuCinoT cnobierebas froidis mier SemoTavazebul funqcionalizaciaSi.

Cven winaSe froidi axal perspeqtivas xsnis – perspeqti-vas, romelic subieqturobis Seswavlis revolucionizirebas

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axdens. masSi aSkara xdeba, rom subieqti ar emTxveva individs. es gansxvaveba, romelic dasawyisSi me subieqturi planiT vaCvene, aranakleb SeigrZnoba – da amas mecnieruli Tval-sazrisiT marTlac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs – obieqtur planSic.

Tu Cven bihevioristebis Tvalsazrisze davdgebiT da ganvixilavT im yvelafers, rac `adamianis~ saxeliT cnobil cxovelSi, organizmis saxiT aRebul individSi obieqturad gveZleva, maSin uTuod aRmovaCenT rig Tvisebebs, gadaad-gilebebs, manevrebs, urTierTdamokidebulebebs da qcevis am wesebis organizebis mixedviT swored rom SevZlebT ganvsa-joT, Tu ramdenad metad aqvs unari individs, swor gzas ga-dauxvios im sagnebis dasaufleblad, romlebic ganisazRvreba, rogorc mizani. swored amiT SeviqmniT warmodgenas gare sam-yarosTan misi kavSirebis ganviTarebaze, ganvsazRvravT misi gonivrulobis xarisxs, davadgenT dones, Skalas, romliTac SegveZleba, gavzomoT xarisxi srulyofilebisa, anu aretesi (saTnoebisa – m.k.), misi saxe. amrigad, is axali, rac froidma mogvitana, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: subieqtis yvela is samu-Sao, romelzec axla vsaubrobdiT, sruliad araa mimarTuli RerZulisadmi, romlis gaswvriv gadaadgilebac daemTxve-oda individualuri pirovnebis gonivrulobis, Rirsebebis, srulyofilebis zrdas.

froidi gvarwmunebs, rom subieqti – es araa misi goneba, is sxva RerZze mdebareobs, igi gonebisadmi eqscentrulia. subieqti, romelic funqcionirebs, rogorc subieqti, war-moadgens raRac sxvas, vidre garegan samyarosTan adaptirebu-li organizmi, da mTeli misi saqcieli laparakobs – misTvis, visac xelewifeba, es xma gaigonos – sruliad sxva adgilidan, vidre is RerZia, romelsac Cven vxedavT, roca am subieqts ganvixilavT, rogorc individis funqcias – interesTa im gansazRvruli nakrebis mqones, individualuri aretes ideas rom efuZneba.

vecadoT, jerjerobiT am topologiur metaforas mivyveT – subieqti individTan mimarTebiT decentrirebulia. fraza: `me – es sxva var~ sakuTar TavSi swored am azrs Seicavs.

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es azri raRac xarisxiT ukve centraluri kartezianuli intuiciis velebze SeimCneva. sakmarisia, dekartes kiTxvisas dantistis saTvale moixsnaT, Tqven masTan umalve mTel rig gamocanebs aRmoaCenT, romelTagan erT-erTi egreT wode-bul matyuara RmerTs exeba. saqme isaa, rom iRebT ra iaraRad sakuTari me-s cnebas, Tqven nebsiT Tu uneblied gulisxmobT, rom sadRac kartebia Secvlili. saboloo angariSiT, matyu-ra RmerTi – es imis reintegrirebis saSualebaa, rac uaryo-fili iyo, ektopia.

zustad am dros erT-erTma Tavisufalma moazrovnem, sakuTari Tavi salonuri mWevrmetyvelebis savarjiSoebs rom miuZRvna (swored iq, salonebSi, zogjer saocari ambebi xdeba, da fuW garTobebSi movlenaTa axali wesrigi Cndeba), – ucnaurma tipma, laroSfukos saxeliT, romelic odnavadac ar pasuxobda klasikaze moarul warmodgenebs, ratomRac gadawyvita, raRac saocari euwyebina saganze, aqamde aravis gansakuTrebul interess rom ar iwvevda, – Tavmoyvareobaze. sasaciloa, rom misgan naTqvami amdenad skandaluri aRmoC-nda, – kacma rom Tqvas, aseTi ra Tqva? man mxolod da mxolod yuradReba miapyro im faqts, rom, erTi SexedviT, yvelaze ufro dauinteresebel Cvens saqciels didebis survili war-marTavs. maT Soris iseTebsac, sadac Cven mgznebare siyvaru-li an sikeTis farulad keTebis survili gvamoZravebs.

mainc ras amtkicebda igi? amtkicebda ki is, rom Cven yve-lafers siamovnebisaTvis vakeTebT? es Zalze mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, radgan froidTan yvelaferi swored siamovnebis irgvliv igeba. Tu laroSfukos surda, martooden es eTq-va, man mxolod is gaimeora, rasac uxsovari droidan yvela filosofiuri skola amtkicebs, – ra Tqma unda, sinamdvileSi uxsovari droidan araferi xdeba, magram Tqven xom SesaniS-navad xvdebiT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi ra maqvs mxedvelobaSi. sokrates droidan adamianebi Tvlian, rom siamovneba – es sa-kuTari sikeTis Ziebaa. adamiani, rasac ar unda fiqrobdes, si-amovnebisaken iswrafvis, Tavis sikeTes udgas kvalSi. kiTxva mxolod is gaxlavT, aris Tu ara adamianuri modgmis konkre-tuli nimuSi, misTvis aq da axla damaxasiaTebeli yoveldRi-uri reaqciebiT, sakmarisad gonieri, raTa Tavisi namdvili

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sikeTe gamoicnos, da Tu xvdeba, sad Zevs es sikeTe, maSin im siamovnebasac iRebs, romelic sikeTes axlavs. bentamma es Teoria mis ukidures Sedegebamde ganaviTara.

magram laroSfuko sul sxva rameze miaqcevs Cvens yurad-Rebas – im garemoebaze, rom, rodesac TiTqos dauinterese-bel saqciels CavdivarT, Cven gvgonia, TiTqos uars vambobT uSualo siamovnebaze da umaRlesi rangis sikeTes veswraf-viT, magram Cven vtyuvdebiT. axali swored esaa. es sulac ar gaxlavT zogadi Teoria, romelic gvarwmunebs, TiTqos yvela adamianur funqcias egoizmi marTavs. amgvari azri gvxvdeba wminda Tomas siyvarulis fizikur TeoriaSi, rome-lic iuwyeba, rom subieqti siyvarulSi Tavis sakuTar sike-Tes eZebs. amboben, rom wminda Tomas, romelic aq mxolod imeorebda mravali saukunis win Tqmuls, vinme giiom-de-sent-amuri SeekamaTa, romelic amtkicebda, SeuZlebelia, siyvaruli sakuTari sikeTis Ziebamde davideso. laroSfuko-sTan skandaluria ara is, rom Tavmoyvareobas igi nebismieri adamianuri qcevis safuZvelSi debs, aramed is, rom igi cru,aranamdvili aRmoCndeba. Cvens ego-s axasiaTebs erTgvari he-donizmi, da ai, swored is gvatyuebs, gvarTmevs ra rogorc uSualo siamovnebas, aseve kmayofilebasac, romelic SeiZle-boda, masze sakuTari Tavis upiratesobis SegnebiT gangve-cada. aq pirvelad xdeba planebis dayofa, suraTSi pirvelad Cndeba siRrme, romelic ormagi xedvis – diplopiis – efeqti-sas, Tvals gvixels imaze, Tu rogor xdeba realuri planis gamocalkeveba.

es koncefcia im tradiciaSi ewereba, romelic parale-luria filosofiuri tradiciisa, – moralistebis tradi-ciaSi. moralistebi is adamianebi ki ar arian, romlebic mor-alze specializdebian, aramed isini, vinc moralur qcevas an Cveulebebs imis perspeqtivaSi ganixilaven, rasac WeSmari-tebas eZaxian. am tradicias agvirgvinebs nicSes moralis ge-nealogia, romelic jer kidev srulad Zevs im, garkveuli sa-xiT, uaryofiT perspeqtivaSi, sadac yoveli adamianuri qceva uwyveti cdomilebis saxiT warmodgeba. ai, swored am RruSi, am WurWelSi Caedineba froidiseuli WeSmaritebis nakadi. diax, Tqven cdebiT, magram WeSmariteba arsebobs, ubralod igi sxva adgilas aris. da froidi gveubneba, saxeldobr, sad.

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is, rac am momentSi moulodnelad mexis dartymasaviT iWreba, – es seqsualuri instinqtia, libido. magram ra aris es seqsualuri instinqti? da libido? pirveladi procesi? Tqven fiqrobT, rom es TqvenTvis cnobilia, – da mec aseve, – magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom amaSi didad darwmunebulni varT. es sakiTxebi ufro yuradRebiT Seswavlas imsaxurebs da mimdinare wels swored amiT davkavdebiT.

3

ra gvaqvs dRevandel dRes? Teoriuli kakafonia, Tval-sazrisTa gasaocari cvlileba. ratom? pirvel rigSi imitom, rom 1920 wlis Semdeg metafsiqologiaSi dawerili naSromebi froidis Semdgomi pirveli da meore Taobis mier – ara misi wonis adamianTa mier – naSromebia, romlebic mcdarad wa-ikiTxes da sruliad bodviTi suliskveTebiT ganmartes.

saerTod, ratom miiCnia froidma Tavis movaleobad, Semo-etana es axali, topikuris, metafsiqologiuris saxeliT cno-bili cnebebi: me, ze-me, igi? saqme isaa, rom misi aRmoCenis Sedegad aRmocenebul cdaSi gaCnda Semobrunebis momenti, konkretuli krizisi. is, kacma rom Tqvas, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom axalma me-m, romelTanac dialogi unda wargvemarTa, gan-sazRvruli drois amowurvis Semdeg uari gviTxra, epasuxa.

es krizisi ueWvelobiT Cndeba istoriul mowmobeb-Si, romlebic 1910 da 1920 wlebis periods exeba. pirveli fsiqoanalizuri aRmoCenebis Semdeg subieqtebi TiTqmis saswaulebrivad ikurnebodnen – Cven amas dRemde vgrZnobT, roca guldasmiT vkiTxulobT froidis dakvirvebebs, mis TvalismomWrel axsna-ganmartebebs, romlebsac bolo ar uCans. magram faqti faqtad rCeba: saqme TandaTan sul uare-sad da uaresad midioda, da droTa ganmavlobaSi Sedegebi Zalze mokrZalebuli gaxda.

swored es gvaZlevs nebas, vifiqroT, rom garkveul-wilad, me marTali var, rodesac subieqturobis arsebobaze da imaze migiTiTebT, rom droTa msvlelobaSi cvlilebisas is mihyveba raRac mizezobriobas, raRac, misTvis damaxasi-

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aTebel dialeqtikas, romelic erTi subieqturobidan meo-reze gadadis da Cans, raime saxis individualur gavlenas ar ganicdis. am pirobiT erTe ulebSi, – maTi kerZo Tavisebure-bebis ZaliT, subieqturobebad rom saxeldeba, – raRac xdeba, raRac iketeba, raRac winaaRmdegobas wevs – mainc ra?

ai, swored 1920 wels, ese igi, Semobrunebis momentis Sem-deg, romelzec me es-esaa vilaparake, analitikur teqnikaSi damdgari krizisis Semdeg froidi saWirod Tvlis, brunvaSi Semoitanos axali metafsiqologiuri cnebebi. da Tu yurad-RebiT wavikiTxavT, ras wers froidi, 1920 wlidan dawyebuli, naTeli gaxdeba, rom Zalze mWidro kavSiri arsebobs teqni-kis momaval krizissa da am axali cnebebis Seqmnas Soris. mag-ram amisTvis unda waikiTxo misi naSromebi, amasTan, sasur-velia, im rigiT, rogorc iyvnen dawerilni. TviT faqti, rom `siamovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ dawerilia ufro adre, vidre `koleqtiuri fsiqoanalizi da sakuTari me-s analizi~, da ufro adre, vidre `me da igi~, CvenSi iseT kiTxvebs iwvevs, romlebic sakuTari Tavis winaSe aravis arasodes dausvams.

is, riTac 1920 wlidan sargeblobs froidi, – es damate-biTi cnebebia, im dros aucilebelni imisaTvis, rom subi-eqtis decentrirebis principi xeluxleblad Semoinaxos. magram imis nacvlad, rom maswavlebels, rogorc saWiroa, gaugon, moswavleebma mxiaruli yiJina astexes: `vaSa! ai, Cvenc SevxvdiT! Cveni patara da mamaci me isev CvenTanaa! Cven zoga-di fsiqologiis gzas davubrundiT!~ da rogor ar unda dab-runde iq sixaruliT, Tuki ganTqmuli zogadi fsiqologia – es ara ubralod moxerxebuli, aramed yvelasa da TiToeulis fsiqologiaa? gamoCnda axali SesaZlebloba imis rwmunebi-sa, rom `Cemi me~ zustad centrSi mdebareobs, – ai, ram gaaxa-ra yvela! da genialuri monaCmaxebi, romlebzec axla okeanis sxva napiridan aRwevs cnobebi, amis ukanaskneli mtkicebu-leba gaxlavT.

batonma hartmanma, fsiqoanalizis am qerubimma, mogvita-na keTili uwyeba, romelic nebas gvaZlevs, bolos da bolos, mSvidad viZinoT, – uwyeba avtonomiuri egos arsebobaze. swored es ego, – froidis aRmoCenis momentidan yovelTvis

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rom ganixileboda, rogorc konfliqtebis wyaro, kidec rom ganisazRvros, rogorc realobasTan damakavSirebeli fun-qcia, – mainc CaiTvleba raRac iseTad, romlis damorCileba realobis damorCilebis darad, dramatulad mimdinareobs. ai, swored es ego – moulodnelad ukan gvibrundeba, rogorc raRac centraluri mocemuloba. romel Sinagan aucileb-lobas pasuxobs survili amtkico, TiTqos sadRac unda arse-bobdes autonomus ego?

es rwmena scdeba subieqtis individualuri gulubryvi-lobis farglebs, subieqtisa, romelsac `sjera sakuTari Tavis~, ese igi, swams, TiTqos is swored `is aris~, – erTob gavrcelebuli sigiJe, magram ara sruli, ramdenadac rwme-naTa sferos ganekuTvneba. naTelia, rom Cven yvelas gvaqvs tendencia, gvwamdes is, rom Cven es Cvena varT. magram ukeT daakvirdiT – nuTu amaSi amdenad myarad varT darwmune-bulni? Zalze bevr da sruliad konkretul garemoebebSi amis Sesaxeb eWvebi gviCndeba, Tumca mainc ar viSliT, pirovnebad vigrZnoT Tavi. ase rom, sulac ar apireben, am gulubryvilo rwmenisaken mogvaqcion. laparakia sociologiur movlena-ze, roca analizi gamodis, rogorc teqnika an, Tu gnebavT, ceremoniali – Taviseburi mRvdelTmsaxureba, miRebuli gan-sazRvrul socialur konteqstSi.

ratom dasWirdaT, kvlav ganecxadebinaT avtonomiuri ego-s transcendentur realobaze? Tu axlodan davakvir-debiT, aRmoCndeba, rom laparakia egoze gansxvavebul indi-videbTan, – aq egalitarulis safrTxe ar aris. Cven vubrun-debiT gasagnebul warmodgenebs, romelTa Tanaxmad, garda imisa, rom individebi arseboben, amasTan, erTni ufro did-xans arseboben, vidre meoreni. swored aseTi warmodgene-biT arian mowamlulni, met-naklebad aSkarad, `Zlieri me-s~ da `susti me-s~ is cnebebi, romlebsac amJamad mimarTaven, Tavi rom daaRwion problemebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba rogorc nevrozebis gagebas, ise analitikuri teqnikis swor gamoyenebas.

Tavis dros da Tavis adgilas Cven amas kvlav davubrundebiT.

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amgvarad, mimdinare wels Cven gavagrZelebT sakuTa-ri me-s cnebis Seswavlas da kritikas froidis TeoriaSi, davazustebT am cnebis azrs froidiseuli aRmoCenisa da fsiqologiuri teqnikis Suqze. paralelurad Cven Sevudge-biT am cnebidan zogierTi Tanamedrove daskvnebis Seswavlas, romlebic individuumebs Soris urTierTobaTa fsiqoanali-tikuri ganxilvis gansazRvrul wesTan arian dakavSirebulni.

froidiseuli metafsiqologia 1920 wels ar warmoSobi-la. is froidTan dasawyisidanve saxezea – ixileT misi pirve-li samecniero Sromebis krebuli, mimowera flisTan, amave periodis metafsiqologiuri naSromebi – bolos is mis mier `sizmrebis ganmartebaSi~ ganviTardeba. 1910 da 1920 wlebs Soris misi kvali aseve sakmarisad SesamCnevia, raSic SesaZ-lebloba gqondaT, gasul wels Cvens seminarebze darwmu-nebuliyaviT. 1920 wlidan dawyebuli, Cven SevdivarT masSi, rasac SeiZleba vuwodoT ukanaskneli metafsiqologiuri periodi. `siamovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ aris am pe-riodis pirveli teqsti da masSi sakvanZo rols asrulebs. is yvelaze ufro rTulic gaxlavT. yvela misi saidumlos dauyovnebliv gamocnoba Cvens Zalebs aRemateba, magram ra vqnaT, Tuki yvelaferi swored ase moxda – froidma es teqsti manamde dawera, vidre Tavisi topikis damuSavebas moaswrebda. amitomac, mis Seswavlas im dromde gadavdebT, vidre mis momdevno naSromebSi kargad ar gaverkveviT – an ar gvego-neba, rom gaverkvieT, uamisod seriozuli Secdomebis riskis winaSe aRmovCndebiT. isec xdeba, rom analitikosebis umrav-lesobas TiTqos ena waerTmeva xolme, roca saxelganTqmul sikvdilis instiqtze Camovardeba saubari.

me gTxovdiT, rom romelime Tqvengani, – magaliTad, le-fevr-pontalisi, – Tavazianad dagvTanxmdes, waikiTxos `si-amovnebis principis iqeTa mxares~ da es naSromi Cvens audi-torias warmoudginos.

17 noemberi, 1954 weli.

Targmna manana kvataiam.

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g a m o x m a u r e b a , r e c e n z i a

maia jaliaSvili

cxovrebis wigni scenaze

STabeWdilebebi goderZi Coxelis moTxrobebis

mixedviT Seqmnil speqtaklze `bedisweris Teatri~

`zogjer ise axlos vgrZnob Cems moTxrobebs, meSinia, marTla ar gacocxldnen“, – wers goderZi Coxeli moTxroba-Si „Cemi wigni“. miuxedavad amgvari egzistencialuri SiSisa, is Tavisi scenarebis mixedviT iRebda filmebs da uCveulo personaJebs im ganumeorebel kinosaxeebad aqcevda, ase rom atyvevebda ucnauri magiur-igavuri stilistikiT qarTvel-sa Tu ucxoel mayurebels (`samoTxis gvritebi~, `lukas saxa-reba~, `mijaWvuli raindebi~, `codvis Svilebi~, `werili naZvebs~, `adamianTa sevda~, `siyvarulis cecxli~, `ucxo~, `adgilis deda~, `bakurxeveli xevsuri~, `aRdgomis batkani~, `TeTri droSa~).

axla ki goderZi Coxelis moTxrobaTa personaJebi sce-nazec gacocxldnen. es qarTveli mkiTxvelisa Tu mayureb-lisTvis didi saCuqaria.

sazogadod, misi prozisTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTgvari montaJuroba, rac maTi piesebad gadakeTebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. Tumca es Zneli saqmea, rodesac amas TviTon avtori ki ara, aramed sxva asrulebs, ra Tqma unda, SemoqmedebiT niWiT dajildovebuli. ase rom, gansakuTrebiT rTuli amocanis wi-naSe idga saba metreveli, daxvewili literatori, mniSvnelo-vani samecniero naSromebisa da aqtualur saganmanaTleblo Temebze dawerili mwvave publicisturi statiebis avtori. man Caifiqra scenaze erT piesaSi Semoeyvana goderZi Coxelis sxvadasxva moTxrobis personaJebi, raTa mayureblis winaSe warmdgariyo mwerlis samyaro, savse sicocxlis yvela xmiT:

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siyvaruliTa da siZulviliT, angelosuriTa da demonuriT, sikeTiTa da borotebiT. avtoris sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom man SeZlo im siuJeturi Zafis Seqmna, romelzec Semdeg Zvirfasi margalitebiviT aasxa moTxrobebSi gabneuli am-bebi. moifiqra damoukidebeli nawilebisgan Seqmnili erTi mTliani modeli, Tavisi saTqmeliT, ritmiT, energiT, Tanve ar daukarga im nawilebsac TavianTi suli da sicocxle. saba metrevelma ostaturad gadalaxa amgvari saqmisas Tanmdevi dabrkolebebi da mayurebelma ixila sruliad axali piesa, romelmac goderZi Coxelis moTxrobaTa Tematuri mraval-ferovneba, misi esTetika udanakargod gardasaxa piesis siv-rceSi, mcire dro-sivrcul monakveTSi Semokriba, ar da-ukarga sicocxle arcerT ideursa Tu mxatvrul Senakads da Seqmna erTiani, Zlieri, saxieri, gamokveTili struqtura, romlis calkeul elements damoukidebeli mizandasaxule-ba mianiWa.

`bedisweris Teatri~ daarqva avtorma piesas da amgvarad gamokveTa mTavari saTqmeli. man goderZi Coxelis amave saxel-wodebis moTxrobis personaJi, Teatris yofili mokarnaxe ofelia Semoiyvana mTavar struqturul RerZad. Teatralur, Seqspiris ofelias samosSi gamowyobil gmirs gudamayreli marTa angelozad miiRebs da saswaulebrivad gamojanmrTel-deba. aqedan iwyeba axali personaJebis `Semosvla~ piesaSi. isini TavianTi satkivriT modian miwaze Camosul fexmotexil angelozTan saSvelis saTxovnelad.

piesaSi ixatebian bedisweras SeWidebuli adamianebi. av-tori Seecada, imgvarad SeerCia moTxrobis personaJebi, rom gamokveTiliyo maTi individualuroba, aqtualoba, Tavga-dasavlebis STambeWdaoba da TemaTa maradiuloba. Cvens droSic. maT Soris gamokveTilia bedisweris Tema, romelic uZvelesia da sxvadasxva kulturaSi gansxvavebuladaa war-moCenili. Zveli berZnuli Teatri bediswerasTan WidilSi damarcxebul gmirebs acocxlebda, romelTac Zala ar Ses-wevdaT masTan gamklavebisa. ra iyo bediswera? Zvel ber-ZenTa mixedviT, es iyo RmerTebis mier adamianisTvis winas-war gamotanili erTgvari ganaCeni, winaswar dagegmili gza, romelsac gmiri ver Secvlida.

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Seqspiris SemoqmedebaSi gmirebs bediswerad eqcaT Ta-vianTi vnebebi da survilebi, ibsenTan bediswerad gaazrebul iqna winaparTa codvebi, es erTgvarad Seexmiana qristianul warmodgenas, xolo kamiusTan is yofis absurdulobis gamom-xatvelad iqca. mixeil javaxiSvilTan bediswera warmoCnda, rogorc sakuTari Secdomebis gamoZaxili.

mniSvnelovania, erTi mxriv, rogor gaiazrebs goderZi Coxeli bedisweras da, meore mxriv, rogor axerxebs saba met-reveli moTxrobebSi gabneuli mwerliseuli filosofiis srulad Semokrebas erT piesaSi? goderZi CoxelisTvis be-diswera nazavia zemoT naxsenebi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobisa. mis SemoqmedebaSic gmirebi itanjebian brma bedisweris, ada-mianTa gautanlobis, drois ukuRmarTobis, urwmunoebis, uimedobis, usamarTlobis, sakuTari Tu winaparTa codvebisa da sxva aTasgvari borotebis gamo. Tumca borotebasac da sikeTesac goderZi Coxelis SemoqmedebaSi aqvs konkretuli personaJis saxe.

saba metrevelma, rogorc Teatraluri samyaros zedmi-wevniT mcodnem, gaiTvaliswina scenisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani. goderZi Coxelis moTxrobebis warmosaxviTi sivrce usazRvroa, mis wignTan darCenili mkiTxveli magiur da jadosnur sanaxebSi ise mogzaurobs, veranair bariers ver xedavs materialuri da iracionaluri, mistikuri sam-yaroebis Tavisebur SerwymaSi. saba metrevels ise unda mo-exerxebina, rom piesaSi ar dakarguliyo samyaros goderZi Coxeliseuli aRqmis originaloba. siZneles qmnida isic, rom, marTalia, mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi yvela personaJi gamo-ikveTeboda, magram saWiro iyo meti monologi Tu dialogi, meti moqmedeba, rac scenas gaacocxlebda.

vin varT Cven am samyaroSi? ubralo mtvris nawilakebi, paskaliseuli moazrovne lerwamni Tu RvTis mier mis sa-xed da xatad Cafiqrebuli `Semoqmedebis gvirgvinni~? am safiqrals utrialebs goderZi Coxeli. zneobrivi Rirebu-lebebis gadarCena mas adamianuri saxis SenarCunebis aucile-bel pirobad miaCnda. is adamians xatavda patara soflebis erTgvar Caketil sivrceebSi, Tanve es mikrosamyaroebi – sav-

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se mTis jansaRi haeriT, miTiuri warmodgenebiT, zRaprebiTa da legendebiT – axal ganzomilebebs warmoSobda da mikro-kosmosis modelirebas axdenda.

cnobilia, rogor icvleba piesa scenaze ganxorcielebi-sas. reJisori da msaxiobebi mas axal sicocxles sZenen. teq-sti Tavidan ibadeba da icvleba garemos Sesabamisad. am gare-mos ki msaxiobebi, reJisori da mayurebeli erTad qmnian.

sagulisxmoa is mRelvareba da mokrZaleba, rasac avtori masalaze muSaobisas ganicdida. saba metreveli erT inter-viuSi aRniSnavs: `mTeli eqvsi Tve TiTqos mwerlis xma damdevda: amas rogor bedav, ram gagakadnierao. piesaSi specialurad ar Sevitane is nawarmoebebi, romlebic Tavadve aqcia kinod, moveride imaTac, rasac skolebSi aswavlian. xelovnebaSi CemTvis mTavaria gansakuTrebuli forma da amaRelvebeli Sinaarsi. swored aseT qargaze avage scenari goderZi Coxe-lis mTeli Semoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT~. man am piesaSi gaa-cocxla sxvadasxva moTxrobis (`Cemi wigni~, `adamianT sevda~, `bedisweris Teatri~, `marTa~, `RmerTis Svilebi~, `moxevis sadRegrZelo~ da sxv.) personaJebi da scenis erT sada da te-vad mikrosamyaroSi Semoiyvana mTeli sofeli, Tavisi warma-vali Tu maradiuli satkivriT. swored es sofeli, rogorc, zogadad, wuTisofeli, TiTqos arRvevs scenasa da mayure-bels Soris arsebul sazRvars da SemoiWreba realur yofaSi. es scena ki, erTi mxriv, sarkiseburad ireklavs yofas, me-ore mxriv, yovelives gardaqmnis da mxatvrul simboloebad aqcevs.

speqtaklis reJisorebi arian irakli gogia da laSa gog-niaSvili. maTi es erToblivi namuSevari mowmobs, ramdenad mniSvnelovania erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio idealebis warmoCena scenaze. Tanamedrove qarTuli Teatri msoflio Teatralur tendenciebs misdevs da sruliad gansxvavebul, originalur, epoqis Sesabamisi suliskveTebis warmodgenebs sTavazobs mayurebels. am amocanis gadawyvetaSi axmetelis Teatri yvelagan gamorCeulia Tavisi tradiciiT, esTetiki-Ta da stilistikiT, inovaciuri ZiebebiT. ra Tqma unda, am TeatrSi sxvadasxva dros gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvisa da Sexedulebebis reJisorebi muSaobdnen, magram misi saxe yve-laze metad mainc Tamam eqsperimentebTan asocirdeba.

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Tbilisis gareubanSi arsebuli axmetelis Teatri maco-cxlebeli Senakadia dedaqalaqis kulturuli cxovrebisa. Teatrs xelmZRvanelobs dRes gamorCeuli xelweris xelo-vani irakli gogia, romelsac miaCnia, rom `Teatri suliT mkurnalobaa~. axmetelis Teatramde oTxi weli zugdidis Teatris direqtori da samxatvro xelmZRvaneli iyo, Semdeg mcire xans mozardmayurebelTa TeatrSi imuSava, parale-lurad, ilias universitetSi reJisorebs aswavlida da xe-lovnebis fakultetze leqciebs kiTxulobda. mizandasaxu-li, energiuli da SemoqmedebiTi ZiebebiT aRsavse irakli gogia speqtaklebs sxvadasxva TeatrSi (rusTavelSi, marja-niSvilSi) dgamda. axalgazrda reJisors ukve aqvs warmatebiT dadgmuli speqtaklebi, maT Soris, gamovarCevT 2013 wels jon marelis piesis `langustis sicilis~ mixedviT marja-niSvilis Teatris scenaze dadgmul speqtakls `memuarebi~, romelSic scenis didostatebi: oTar meRvineTuxucesi da guranda gabunia monawileobdnen. agreTve, iliaunis Teat-rSi dadgmul speqtakls `lifti~ (piesis avtorebi: ismail imanovi, naTela osmanli), axalgazrda msaxiobTa monawile-obiT, `piloni~ (foTis TeatrSi daidga rezo kldiaSvilis piesis mixedviT). reJisoris niWze metyvelebs isic, rom mas SeuZlia klasikis axleburi wakiTxva da Tanamedrovedrove-obis suliskveTebis gamoxatva. amitomacaa, rom mis speqtak-lebs ar aklia mayurebeli. jer kidev doqtoranti iyo irakli gogia, rodesac misma speqtaklma `ferflis planetam~ (devid zan mairovicis radiopiesis mixedviT) 2012 wels saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova, kerZod, minskSi gamarTul Teatraluri xe-lovnebis msoflio kongresisa da sauniversiteto Teatrebis saerTaSoriso festivalze saukeTeso speqtaklad dasaxelda.

laSa gogniaSvilis speqtaklebsac kargad icnobs Tana-medrove Teatraluri samyaro: gansakuTrebiT gamovarCevT 2014 wels cxinvalis TeatrSi dadgmul evgeni Svarcis pie-sas `konkia~, aTenSi dadgmul speqtakls – `firosmans~. misma speqtaklma `beslanma~ ukrainis festival `mandrivi viSakze~ meore adgili daikava, agreTve, `wiTel zols~. mis speqtak-lebs gamoarCevs Tanamedrove aqtualur TemebTan mZafri da

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kritikuli Sexmianeba, humanizmisa da zneobrivi idealebisT-vis brZolisa da sifxizlis paTosi.

laSa gogniaSvilma erT interviuSi aRniSna: `nebismieri CvenganisaTvis Zalian axlobelia goderZi Coxeli, magram roca misi Semoqmedeba scenaze gadagaqvs da cdilob, perso-naJebi gaacocxlo, sirTuleebs awydebi. ar ginda, dakargo is sibrZne, romelic mis nawarmoebebSia. Tan es yvelaferi moq-medebas moargo, rom mxolod monologi ar gamovides. Zali-an bevri xerxis mofiqreba dagvWirda, rom mwerlis xelwera mayureblamde ara gansxvavebuli, aramed pirvelyofili sa-xiT mogvetana~.

reJisorebma da scenaristma SesaniSnavad iTanamSromles da warmatebasac miaRwies. sagulisxmo reJisoruli mignebaa borjRaliT gamoxatuli keriis dadgma scenaze, swored es keria, rogorc ojaxis, soflis, qveynisa Tu mTeli samyaros macocxlebeli simbolo, Semoikrebs garSemo yvela perso-naJs. am keriis garSemo TamaSdeba dramatuli istoriebi, romelTac yoveli personaJi mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-beli metyvelebis, Jestebis maneriT acocxlebs.

speqtaklis dasawyisSive gaismis yofis fundameturi kiTxvebi: ra aris sicocxle? ra aris sikvdili? goderZi Cox-elis metaforuli pasuxebi: `sicocxle adamianad arsebobis tkbili sevdaa~, xolo `sikvdili – adamianad aryofnis sevda~ Tavidanve SesZravs mayurebels da CarTavs scenaze mimdinare adamianur komediasa Tu tragediaSi.

mSvenieri reJisoruli gadawyvetaa, roca Tavidan, pir-velsave epizodSi mayurebeli yvela personaJs erTad xedavs statikur mdgomareobaSi. isini ucxoni arian, magram Semdeg TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke Semodis scenaze, Tavis sixa-rulsa Tu tkivils, Tavis dardsa da ocnebas uziarebs mayu-rebels da speqtaklis bolos, roca isini isev erTad gamoCn-debian yvelani scenaze, mayurebeli ukve aRar aris maT mimarT gulgrili. reJisorebmac SeZles da isini gaacnes mayure-bels, suli, guli da goneba SeuZres mas, kaTarzisi gamoiwvi-es da Sin wasulebs gaayoles adamianad yofnisTvis aucile-beli fiqri siyvarulsa, sikeTesa, samSoblos erTgulebasa da rwmenaze.

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gamokveTil saxasiaTo rolebs qmnian msaxiobebi, maT So-ris gamorCeulia ofelia, Seqspiris ofeliaseburi araamqvey-niuri umankoebiT, gulubryvilobiTa da Tanve erTgvari amqveyniuri, garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli eSmakobiT, moir-gos is roli, romelsac sofeli `moiTxovs~ misgan. msaxiobi gvanca kandelaki SesaniSnavad gadmoscems personaJis sulSi datrialebul dramas, romelic gulisxmobs yofiT prob-lemebTan gamklavebis siZneles. goderZi Coxels personaJi monasterSi mihyavs, am piesaSic asea. bolos, mas Semdeg, rac Seasrulebs amqveyniur rols, daexmara soflelebs Tavisi moulodneli angelozobiT, isic monastrisken midis, Tumca manamde is sofels gaumxels Tavis miwierobas.

saintereso saxea scenaze mudmivad myofi mefandure ymawvili, romlis rols asrulebs giorgi cxadaZe. igi TiT-qos drois simboloa. ymawvili mTeli speqtaklis ganmav-lobaSi ukravs fandurze moqmedebis Sesaferis sxvadasxva melodias da mReris iseve ritmulad da bunebrivad, rogorc drois mdinarebaa, marad Tanmdevi da SeumCneveli.

dauviwyaria gia jafariZis baTareka, romlis mier war-moTqmuli yoveli fraza TiTqos sabrZolo iaraRia boro-tebasTan sabrZolvelad. msaxiobi axerxebs personaJis samya-ros udanakargod motanas mayureblamde, masSi aRZravs vaJ-kacuri suliskveTebasa da Cagrulis Tanadgomis, moyvasis-Tvis Tavganwirvis survils.

mzia taliaSvilis marTas saxe mogvagonebs oTaraanT qvrivisebur Seudreklobas, romelsac mxolod Svilis tra-gikuli aRsasruli bzaravs. msaxiobs zustad, yovelgvari xelovnuri dramatulobis gareSe moaqvs mayurebelTan an-gelosurisa da demonuris Sexvedrisas warmoqmnili eldis arsi. marTas gulSi CviliviviT Caxutebuli `vefxistyaosa-ni~ mayurebels imeds aRuZravs, rom mSveniereba, sabolood, arsad ikargeba, is daZlevs sikvdilis borkilebsac da gaTa-visuflebuli maradiulad moevlineba wuTisofels.

mayurebeli sulSeZruli ismenda mtredisa da kacis me-gobrobis STambeWdav istorias. msaxiob mamuka mazavriSvi-lis apareka namdvilad amxels msaxiobis ostatobas. man Se-

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Zlo mTeli sxeuli imgvarad gardaeqmna, rom misi mzerisas mayurebels hqonoda misi sulis gaCxrekis gancda. ubedure-bisa da bednierebis saocari nazavis gamoxatva msaxiobma Se-Zlo da mayurebels fiqris nakadebi aRuZra.

saintereso iyo beqnu qafianiZis mwerali, romlis saxe-Si gamoikveTeboda erTgvari Tavdajerebulobaca da dabne-ulobac. mayurebeli xedavs, rogor eWideba mis sulSi erT-maneTs warmaval, materialuri samyarosTan mijaWvulobis gancda da ukvdavebasTan ziarebis wyurvili.

speqtaklSi aris mTavari da meorexarisxovani rolebi, rogorc cxovrebaSi, magram sxvadasxva Taobis msaxiobebi yvela rols SesaniSnavad asruleben. mayurebels SesZravs neli badalaSvilis sofio, lika quTaTelaZis ninua, nino ci-makuriZis salome, jaba jafariZis jRuna, vaJa ciciloSvi-lis gagila, Tamar beJuaSvilisa da TamTa pataSuris poli-tikosebi – erTgvari parodirebuli saxeebi. gigi migriaulis mejvare, vasil SixaSvilis, andrea gvelesianis, maiko vawaZis, Sorena zubiaSvilsa da valeri toronjaZis Sesrulebuli mezobelTa saxeebi.

msaxiobebi axerxeben, xmis intonaciuri mimoxvriT, Jest-mimikiTa da moZraobiT mayurebels uCvenon, ra sulieri Zvrebi xdeba adamianSi, rogor icvlebian, gardaiqmnebian. pi-esis materialur sivrceSi xilvad horizontalze ganviTa-rebuli ambebi gamoZaxils pouloben uxilav sulier verti-kalze, romelic xSirad msaxiobTa mravlismTqmel mzerasa da gamometyvelebaSi mJRavndeba.

SemsrulebelTa Soris iyvnen rogorc gamocdili, aseve gamoucdeli msaxiobebi, magram isini erT ansambls, erTgvar orkestrs qmnidnen, yvela Tavisi energetikuli veliT iyo CarTuli am magur dro-sivrceSi, romelic magnitiviT izi-davda mayurebels, amitom reagirebda darbazi mimdinare am-bebze taSiT, dumiliTa Tu Tvals momdgari cremlebiT.

reJisorebTan erTad speqtaklis erTianobas qmnian mxat-vari: marika kvaWaZe, qoreografi: giorgi razmaZe, reJisoris TanaSemwe: rusudan SoSitaSvili. yoveli maTganis Rvawli TvalsaCinoa.

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erT interviuSi SesaniSnavi poeti, goderZi Coxelis me-gobari tariel xarxelauri aRniSnavs: `sul axlaxan axmete-lis TeatrSi viyavi, sadac goderZis nawarmoebebis mixedviT, pirvelad saqarTveloSi daidga speqtakli. pirvelive wuTi-dan SiSma amitaca, rogor SeiZleba goderZi Coxeli aiyvano ai, aseT patara scenaze, Tan amdeni msaxiobebiT. oci kaci mainc idga scenaze. magram spektaklis damTavrebis Semdeg gakvirvebuli davrCi. rogor SeZlo reJisorma, rom goderZis xasiaTi ar dakargvoda speqtakls, is didi tkivili, romel-mac goderZi Coxelis guli ase dafliTa. ai, am speqtaklSi davinaxe, rogor idga is mwervalze~.

erT moTxrobaSi goderZi Coxeli wers: „mgonia, rom gu-damayris xeoba didi wignia. mTebi ydebada aqvs am wigns da SigniT uamravi moTxroba weria. mze da mTvare manaToblad myvanan, vzivar CemTvis. gadaSlili maqvs es ucnauri wigni da vkiTxulob“ („Cemi wigni“).

speqtalis Semqmnelebma, mTelma samsaxiobo dasma, am ja-dosnuri wigni-speqtaklis wamkiTxvelad TeatrSi misuli ma-yurebelic aqcia da is bedniereba mianiWa, romelic sikeTisa da siyvarulis maradiulobaSi garwmunebs.

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sesili Zebniauri

zaza firaliSvili –

irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika

meditaciebidan meditaciebamde

zaza firaliSvilis `irakli farjianTan Sexvedris meta-fizika~, `firosmanis karibWe~ da `fragmentuli meditaciebi ieronimus bosxis mxatvrobis Sesaxeb~ – es aris gza medita-ciebidan meditaciebamde, sruliad gansxvavebuli, axali da `ucxo~ diskursi, sadac SesaZlebelia avtorTan erTad mkiTx-velmac sakuTari fiqris Tavgadasavali moixelTos. E

es sameuli, romlis finalur etaps `irakli farjian-Tan Sexvedris meta fizika~ warmoadgens, qmnis Tanmedrove metateqsts, romelic ar aris gankuTvnili im tipis audito-riisaTvis, vinc jiutadaa CarCenili gasul saukuneSi da ne-bismieri kreatiuli aqtis an teqstis Janrobriv diferenci-rebas, an avtoris ama Tu im dargisa da specializaciisaTvis mikuTvnebas cdilobs. binaruli opoziciebisa da diferen-ciaciebis epoqa ukve warsulia. es araa mxatvruli kritika da Sesabamisad, irakli farjianis Semoqmedeba, iseve rogorc bosxis da firosmanis SemTxvevaSi, avtorisaTvis „naxatebi“ ki ar aris, aramed bgeriTi, feriTi metyvelebiT Seqmnili genialuri qmnilebebi, romlebTanac Sexvedris metafizika cnobierebis sruliad sxva, axal ganzomilebas agebs, sa-dac ikargeba sazRvari aRmwersa da aRsawers Soris, radgan `saqme xom swored im cneba-metaforebis moZiebas Seexeba, romlebic teqstis kvanZebSi unda ganTavsdes da mis kon-turebze mimaniSneblad iqces. amgvari forma spontanurad ibadeba teqstTan erTad. formis es spontanurobaa swored gamocdilebis axali horizontis dabadebaze mimaniSnebe-li~. am gansxvavebul teqstur ganzomi leba Si goneba ise vea aRmqmeli, rogorc mxedveloba an smena, rac aqamde dafaruli

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Sinagani da garegani gamocdilebebis Sexvedras gulisxmobs. irakli farjianTan Sexvedris es metafizika, TviT avtoris bediswerad, saxlad, gzad gadaiqceva, romelSic rogorc zaza firaliSvili ityvis: „Cemi yudro, naTelTan Cemi Sexvedris adgili SeiZleba gamoiZerwos“. amgvari sakraluri Sexvedris metafizikaze nebismieri refleqsiis moqceva tradiciuli mxatvruli kritikisa Tu akademiuri moxsenebis sqemaSi, Cemi azriT, teqstis yvelaze ukiduresi profanacia iqneboda. amitom Cemi dialogi mkiTxvelTan aris mxolod im ZiriTadi sayrdenebisa da aqcentebis motana teqstidan, ris Sesaxebac sruliad bunebrivad SekiTxvebi Cndeba:

ra aris mxatvrobis sityvier qsovilSi gadmotana? mxatvrobis gadmotana sityvier qsovilSi is SemTxvevaa,

rodesac sityva Tavisi arsenaliTa da substanciiT imis war-dgenasa da gadmocemas cdilobs, rac sruliad sxva masali-Taa nagebi. iqmneba feriTi da formiTi substanciiT nagebis erTgvari sityvieri kloni, romelsac rogorc avtori aRniS-navs, damoukidebeli moZraoba aqvs aRkveTili da imTaviTve WiplariTaa mibmuli imaze, risi oreulic aris, cxovelmyo-felia imdenad, ramdenadac pirveli Caberavs mas sicocxles da, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, misi saxeliT metyvelebis kurTxevas miscems. arsebiTad, saqme gvaqvs simbiozTan, rodesac sityva fersa da konturze parazitirebs, xolo mxatvroba amgvari TanamgzavriT sakomunikacio sivrceSi sakuTari arsebobis dasturs da Sesabamisad, intersubieqtur, sakomunikacio identobas moipovebs. sityva gadaiqceva am identobis Tar-gmanebis erTgvar energiad.

arsebobs Tu ara imgvari ram, rac amgvar Targmanebas ama-rTlebs da migvaniSnebs, rom igi mxolod ferweris samyaros sxva substanciiT gadmocema da sakomunikacio matricaSi gan-Tavseba ki ar aris, aramed maT aqvT TavisTavdi, damoukide-beli sazrisi?

saqme isaa, rom sityva im rezonansis gamomxatvelia, rome-lic ferisa da konturis wyalobiT iwyebs xmianebas, rogorc

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Cemi cnobierebis axali ganzomileba. amgvar oreuls Tu aqvs an SeiZleba hqondes raime TavisTavadi sazrisi, mxolod im-denad, ramdenadac misiT me vadastureb am rezonansis arse-bobas. Ees aris sivrce, sadac mxatvrobaca da sityvac Cems Si-naarsad qceula da ukve Znelia gansazRvra, sad vmTavrdebi me da sad iwyeba mxatvari an Cemi sityva mis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove teqstis intersubieqturoba da Cveni, rogorc mkiTxvelisTavisuflebis maRali xarisxi, saSualebas gvaZlevs TiTo-eulma Cvenganmac SevqmnaT Cveni cnobierebis axali ganzo-mileba ferebisa da bgerebis sityvier misteriaSi, romelic gancdebTan erTad, gadagviyvans saintereso SekiTxvebis samyaroSi: ra aris fiqris Tavgadasavali? rogor SeiZleba es aRvweroT? rogor SeiZleba movxazoT konturi im gzisa, romelsac is gadis Tavisi Casaxvis pirveli wamidan im momen-tamde, rodesac pirvelad gamoanaTebs mTeli Tavisi Zalmo-silebiT, rogorc mofiqrebuli, TiTqos saimisod, rom kvlav miimalos azris imitaciebsa da fiqris maxinj oreulebs So-ris? rogor unda davaRwioT Tavi fiqris fantomebs, rom-lebic TvalTmaqcurad cdiloben mis Canacvlebas da pompe-zuri manWva–grexiT lamoben misi adgilis dakavebas? sad aris misi adgili?

Tuki raime amarTlebs Cvens arsebobas, es imedia, imedi imisa, rom `mouxelTebel-moxelvadi~ sadRac axlosaa, aqve, xelis gawvdenis manZilze da miuxedavad misi TvalTmaqcobi-sa, mainc myarad vflobT mas, rogorc Cveni arsebobis sazris-sa da gamarTlebas. misi moxelva ar SegviZlia, mxolod Zal-gviZs, Tvali mivadevnoT, Tu rogori orgiuli vnebaTaRelviT icvlis is Tavawyvetil karnavalSi niRbebs da rogor ul-moblad iSorebs nebismier niRabs, romelic mis dauflebas da rigiT sicxaded qcevas lamobs. SesaZloa, misi amocnoba ver SevZloT, magram SeuZlebelia, ver vigrZnoT, Tu rogor vnebianad uflobs igi azris TvalTmaqc oreulebs Soris da rogor TamaSobs am oreulebiT. swored es oreulebia is kva-li, romelic fiqris Tavgadasavlidan rCeba da mis arsebobas gvidasturebs. albaT, amitomacaa fiqris Tavgadasavali mis oreulTa Tavgadasavali.

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da mainc ra aris Sexvedris metafizika?

nebismieri Sexvedra, Tundac yvelaze umniSvnelo sagan-Tan am sagnis, rogorc axali gamocdilebis velSi Sesvlaa. adamianTa interaqciaSi ki swored Tanaziari gamocdilebis sivrcea is „adgili“, sadac erTmaneTs vpoulobT da vxvdeb-iT. ufalic aq SeiZleba iyos, radgan igi swored iqaa, sadac orni, gina samni misi, rogorc gzisa da WeSmaritebis saxeliT viyriT Tavs. am azriT, jojoxeTi, rogorc usasrulo mar-tooba, sxva araferia, Tu ara am uzenaesi – „TanaobaSi da TanaobiT“ konteqstis dakargva. amgvar erTian universalur gamocdilebaSi Tanayofnis gareSe Cven usasrulo martooba-Si mogviwevda arseboba.

da ratom farjiani?

farjiani swored am pirveladi Tanaobis aqtSia dabude-buli da amiT migvaniSnebs gamocdilebis im sivrceze, rom-lis hipnozuri xiblic Semdeg ise migvyveba, rogorc Cveni kuTvnili ram. farjianze saubrisas, Sexvedris metafizika warmoadgens ara misi Semoqmedebis erT-erT Temas, aramed im kamertons, romelic masTan urTierTobaSi dagvyveba. es uf-ro is saxlia, raSic mxatvari araCveulebrivi gulwrfelo-biT SenTvis nacnobi metaforebis, simboloebisa da algo-riTmebis meSveobiT „gityuebs“ – Tanayofnis gamocdilebaTa wiaRSi. adamianuri gonebis verc erTi nayofi ver iarsebebda, rom ar arsebobdes adresatisa da adresantis, mxatvrisa da aRmqmelis, mwerlisa da mkiTxvelis es ucnauri Tanayofna da urTierTmonacvleoba.

farjianis mxatvrobaze saubari Sexvedris metafizikaze saubris sinonimuria. farjiani aris „aq da axla“ yofnis to-taloba, sadac sazriss hkargavs yvela is kategoria, romli-Tac winaT Cvens arsebobas vafasebdiT. „aq da axla“ yofnis farjianiseuli misteria TavisTavad aris yovelgvari kre-aciis dasabami. „aq da axla“ totalurad angrevs warsuls, momavals, socialur kavSirebsa da valdebulebebs, saganTa

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Cveul sistemasa da mimarTebebs, memkvidreobiT miRebul war-modgenaTa sistemas da Zenonis SeCerebuli isris msgavsad, wertilis usasrulobaSi gviTrevs, romelic SesaZloa axali sinamdvilis saTaved gadaiqces. swored `aq da axla~ aris is wre, romliskenac unda mivdiode, rogorc Cemi `Sinisaken~.

farjiani ar cdilobs kulturis im formebis mxat vrul formebSi ganmeorebas, romelTa garemocvaSic daibada. igi mTlianad kulturis vibraciaTa rezonansSia moqceuli da Tavisi ZalisxmeviT axal sicocxles, axal dinamikas aniWebs mas.

farjiani ar aris kreatori am sityvis pirdapiri da tra-dici uli mniSvnelobiT. igi Tanamyofia da ara kreatori, igi ar qmnis saganTa simulaciur oreulebs. Tavisi mxatvro-biT farjiani aris „samyaroSi uCinrad moxvedrili arseba, romelic yoveldRiuri SexvedrebiT adasturebs am samyaros arsebobas da amgvar SexvedraTa dokumentebs qmnis“. farji-ani mTeli arsebiT cdilobs gaaSiSvlos sicocxle, konture-bis maqsimaluri SesustebiT gaamJRavnos is, rac am konturebs miRmaa.

farjianis sixaruli aris ara „mxatvruli sinamdvilis“ Seqmnisa da demonstrirebis, aramed `misalmebis~ infantilu-ri sixaruli.

farjianTan feri TiTqmis srul avtonomiurobas iZens da garkveulobis sazRvrebs arRvevs. igi iqceva energiis im epicentrad, saidanac yofierebis mTeli sisrule amoifrqve-va da Tavad Cvenc mogvicavs. Mmagram farjianis SemTxvevaSi aris kidev raRaca sxva – ferTmetyvelebis dResaswaulze meti. es aris sikvdilis Tanaobis gancda, roliTac wlebis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda da „mis sicxades versad daaRwevda Tavs – iqneb, arc ucdia, Tuki ramem Seqmna farjiani, swored sikvdilis Tanaobis am mudmivma da, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, rutinulma gamocdilebam“.

farjiani aris Cveni megzuri, romelmac sikvdilis molo-dini samyarosTan mimarTebis instrumentad aqcia. man SeZlo da am molodinis rezonansSi moaqcia mTeli Tavisi cxovreba, amiT moipova is, rasac Semdeg ferebisa da konturebis meS-veobiT gamoxatavda. swored farjianTan erTad gancdili sikvdilis molo dinis metafizikuri sevda gvaiZulebs, rom Tanaobis aqtSi vimoZraoT molodinis zRvarze. Cvens adami-

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anur yofasac swored es aniWebs sakuTriv adamianur sazriss. amiT „Cven imTaviTve warmovadgenT metafizikuri sevdiT, rogorc pirveladi da umTavresi ZaliT amoZravebul ar-sebebs, romlebic miimarTebian ara mxolod socialuri me-qanizmebiT regulirebadi interaqciisaken, arame iqiT, sadac Cveni pirveladi da saerTo gamocdilebania, sadac aris is, rasac Cveni pirveladi eklesiuroba SeiZleba vuwodoT“.

farjiani ar svams pirvelad kiTxvebs. pirveladi kiTxva misi bunebrivi mdgomareobaa, rac imgvari zRvruli daZabu-lobiT yofnas niSnavs, sikvdilamde gardacvaleba rom unda moitanos. amgvari kiTxvebi ki SeiZleba daibados iq, sadac pirveladi Sexvedris, „aq da axla“ Tanaobis totalobaa. farjianis mxatvroba swored am vnebiani daZabulobiTa da zRvruli intensiurobiT aris damuxtuli. yofnisa da aryof-nis sunTqva farjianTan iseve igrZnoba, rogorc SopenTan da amiT orives Semoqmedeba damSvidobebis tkiviliani sevdiT, sikvdilis mudmivi da uwyveti Tanaobis tkiviliT savse molo-diniT aris gaJRenTili. am molodinSi xan mdumarebisa da Caqrobis elementia ufro meti, rogorc yvavilebis 1989 wlis seriaSi, xan ki demiurguli karnavalis gancda, rogorc es 1990 wlis naxatebSia. uerTmaneTod isini TiTqmis araso-des moicema. maTi Tanayofnaa is „namdvilze unamdvilesi sinamd-vile“, romlis gagebis vnebac gansazRvravda farjianis gzas.

Tu ginda, mihyve farjians da scado misi namuSevrebis verbaluri eqvivalentis Seqmna, Tu ginda, rom masTan erTad gaiaro gza, romelsac igi Tavisi yvavilebis seriiT gadis, unda SeZloda ganicado is Zrwola, romelsac atarebda mxat-vari imis gamo, rac mis sxeulSi xdeboda – nela, zogjer Se-umCnevlad, zogjer boboqrad, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi ul-mobeli TanamimdevrobiTa da mizandasaxulebiT. unda SeZlo da Sens sxeulSi aRmoaCino is wertilebi, romlebic TiTqos-da Sengan damoukideblad inaxaven ambavs garduvali daSore-bisa da garduvali Sexvedris Sesaxeb. es Sexvedra TiTqos ukve aqvea, xelSesaxebad, nivTierad, mTeli Tavisi zRvruli namdvilobiT.

Semoqmedeba sxva araferia, Tu ara mistikuri qorwineba ferTan, bgerasTan, sityvasTan, Tu ara mitoveba im kavSire-bisa, romelic TavisTavad mogeca maSin, rodesac yofiere-

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baSi igrZeni Tavi, da axali kavSirebis mopoveba. adamiani xom swored Zveli kavSirebis mitovebis unaris gamoa adamiani, ne-bismieri sxva arsebisagan gansxvavebiT. igi adamiania swored imitom da imdenad, ramdenadac mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva am axali kavSirebis, am „mistikuri qorwinebis“ mosapoveblad SeiZleba warmarTos, odesRac gaucxovebul ferTan Tu si-tyvasTan Tananebelobis mosapoveblad – da amiT Tavisufle-bac moipovos. sabolood ki am gziT daibrunos is, rac sadRac da odesRac daukargavs, rogorc gandevnil kosmiur princs, TavnebobaSi rom moisurva Tavisuflebis mopoveba, Semdeg uZRebi SviliviT mimoixetiala Tavis mierve Seqmnili usazR-vrod gaucxovebuli da mtrulad momarTuli samyaro da kvlav miubrunda Tavisi Semoqmedis wiaRs.

gzadagza ki cTunebaa sakuTari Tavis mignebisa. gzadagza cTunebaa imisa, rom mosinjo es totaloba da Sens Tavs gada-eyaro. da swored am dros Cndeba avtoportreti, rogorc Seni Tavis, rogorc uflis Jestis sicxadesa da uSualobaSi xil-vis mcdeloba. xetialic xom sxva araferia, Tu ara sakuTari Tavisken mimarTuli sulis arqeologia da droSi gafantuli Sexvedrebi sakuTar TavTan.

Sexvedris metafizika warmoadgens axal paradigmas mwer-lobaSi, romelic erTi fraziT – „Sin dabruneba“ – gamoixa-teba. avtoris mier meditaciebidan meditaciebamde gavlili gza distanciidan Cans, rogorc gza „Sinisaken“ – cnobierebis sruliad axali ganzomilebisaken, romelSic „goneba grZno-badia, xolo grZnoba racionaluri“.

girCevT, rom es distancia moxsnaT da TiToeulma Tqven-ganmac irakli farjianTan Sexvedris metafizikaSi, avtorTan da mxatvarTan TanaobaSi, gaiaroT es unikaluri gza „Sinisa-ken“, sakuTari yudrosaken. gzadagza usaTuod sakuTar Tav-sac gadaveyrebiT da avtoportretis, rogorc uflis Jesti-sa da sakuTari Tavis sicxadis, “aq da amJamad” Cveni yofnis konturebic moixazeba, romelic qselSi dakargulebs TiTq-mis ukve migvaviwyda da „selfebis“isteriiT Sepyrobilebi, mxolod vizualurad, lamis parodiebad qceuli formebiT vcdilobT vaCvenoT samyaros da erTmaneTs, rom varsebobT da Cvenc aq varT.

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w i g n e b i 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5

ivane amirxanaSvili. dakarguli avtoris ZiebaSi.Tbilisi: `inteleqti~, 2014

ivane amirxanaSvilis wignSi Tavmoyrilia avtoris mier bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Seqmnili kritikuli etiudebi da literaturuli werilebi, romlebSic ganxilulia Tana-medrove mwerlobis Teoriuli da praqtikuli sakiTxebi. gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba iseT Temebs, rogorebicaa: qarTuli proza da poezia, avtori da teqsti, wigni da mkiTx-veli, literatura da sazogadoeba. sxvadasxva Taobis mwer-alTa Semoqmedebis analizis meSveobiT naCvenebia qarTuli mwerlobis Tanamedrove konturebi da faseulobiTi Tvalsawieri.

levan bregaZe. Targmani da originali. Tbilisi: `artanuji~, 2014

kritikos levan bregaZis am wignSi Sesulia naSromebi, romlebSic ganxilulia germanuli da rusuli enebidan qarTulad da qarTulidan germanul da frangul enebze Targmnili mxatvruli literaturis nimuSebi. didi adgili eTmoba stilis analizs, rac mkiTxvels SesaZleblobas miscems, Caswvdes gamoCenili ucxoeli da qarTveli mwerlebis weris maneris Taviseburebebs, sazogadod, mwerluri ostatobis sakiTxebs.

wigni gankuTvnilia rogorc mTargmnelTa da literatu-raTmcodneTa, aseve mxatvruli literaturis moyvarulTa farTo wrisaTvis.

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Teimuraz doiaSvili, levan bregaZe. vkiTxulobT klasikas. Tbilisi: `inteleqti~, 2014

Teimuraz doiaSvilisa da levan bregaZis wigni `vkiTxu-lobT klasikas~ , gamomcemloba `inteleqtis~ mier gamocemu-li seriiT `inteleqti~ skolas~, Seicavs werilebs, romleb-Sic saSualo skolis programiT gaTvaliswinebul avtorebsa da Txzulebebzea saubari. krebulSi Sesul statiebSi ganxi-lul-gaanalizebulia qarTuli hagiografiis sakiTxebi, SoTa rusTvelis, sulxan-saba orbelianis, nikoloz baraTaSvi-lis, ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, niko lorTqifaniZis, galaktion tabiZis, nikolo miwiSvilis, muxran maWavarianis Txzulebebi, am mweralTa Semoqmedebis Taviseburebani.

qeTevan elaSvili. eseisturi saxismetyveleba.Tbilisi: `sveti+~, 2014

wignSi warmodgenilia simbolologiuri etiudebi, sa-dac saxismetyvelebiTi aspeqtiTaa Seswavlili nikoloz ba-raTaSvilisa da vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba. ris sailustra-ciodac am naSromSi mocemulia literaturul simboloTa mxatvruli diapazonis siRrmiseuli kvleva; gamokveTilia sakralur simboloTa literaturul simboloebad trans-formaciisa da integrirebis rTUuli procesi. wigns aseve darTuli aqvs saxismetyvelebiTi simfonia-leqsikoni, rome-lic warmoadgens baraTaSvilis poeziis simbolologiur gzamkvlevs.

saba metreveli. komunisturi agiografia.Tbilisi: `mwignobari~, 2014

wignSi Seswavlilia sabWoTa totalitarizmis litera-turuli panorama, kerZod, – politikur-literaturuli terori da antireligiuri diskursi. komunisturi ideolo-gia, dogmaturi marqsizmi ganxilulia, rogorc partiuli //

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politikuri mwerlobis, `komunisturi agiografiis~ msofl-mxedvelobrivi birTvi, warmoCenilia misi ZiriTadi tenden-ciebi, „soveturi“ konceptebi, paradigmuli modelebi da struqtura.

wigni gankuTvnilia studentebis, maswavleblebis, spe-cialistebisa da qarTuli literaturiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTaTvis.

nugzar muzaSvili. analogiebi.Tbilisi: `diogene~, 2014

nugzar muzaSvilis `analogiebi~ mcdelobaa, gvaCvenos msgavseba dasavluri kulturis elinistur xanasa da Tana-medrove postmodernistul epoqas Soris. wignSi ganxilulia platonis, hegelis, nicSes, raselisa da sxva filosofosebis naazrevi.

zaza firaliSvili. qarTuli kaleidoskopi.SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutiTbilisi: „globa“, 2015

wignSi Tavmoyrilia avtoris mier bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoqveynebuli teqstebi da warmoadgens axali drois qarTuli sulierebis kvlevis mcdelobas. calkeuli werilebi eZRvneba XVI-XVIII saukeuneebis kulturul proce-sebs, sulxan-saba orbelians, ilia WavWavaZes, vaJas da oTar WilaZes.

zaza firaliSvili. irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika.Tbilisi: „artanuji“, 2015

wigni warmoadgens mcdelobas, irakli farjianis mxat-vroba gaazrebuli iqnas Sexvedris, rogorc adamianuri ar-sebobis mTavari molodinis naTelSi.

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malxaz xarbedia. teqsti da simarTle.kritika, literaturuli politika, dakvirvebebi. Tbilisi: `azri~, 2014

wignSi Setanilia bolo wlebSi dawerili kritikuli eseebi, romlebic oTx rubrikadaa dayofili: Tanamedrove qarTuli proza da poezia, Targmanis sakiTxebi, literatu-ris politika, sagamomcemlo saqme. krebulSi SevxvdebiT aTe-ulobiT avtors, romlebic dRes axal literaturas qmnian. rogorc wignis avtori aRniSnavs, mas surda, `gaeqarwylebi-na is araswori da zerele warmodgenebi Tu mkiTxvelTa akviatebebi, rom qarTul enaze mxolod erTi an ori mwer-lis wakiTxva Rirs. es zereloba da saqmis gamartiveba Ta-namedrove qarTuli literaturuli procesis mTavari se-nia, radgan mkiTxvelTa umetesoba ZiriTadad mxolod e.w. `meinstrims~ kiTxulobs da axals arafers eZebs~. malxaz xarbedias es krebuli farTo suraTia Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo procesisa, romelSic aisaxa mimdinare sain-tereso movlenebi.

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sarCevi

Tvalsazrisi

gia arganaSvilinaTesavi qarTvelTa............................................................................3

veqtorebi

maia jaliaSviliabsurdi – vanilis motkbo surneliTirakli samsonaZis piesebis krebulze `komediidan tragediamde absurdis bileTiT~.......................27

lali avalianiVARIA.......................................................................................................42

nona kupreiSvilisaiT, Sen, mweralo? ...........................................................................53

inga milorava`sazRvrisiqiTa qalaqebis~ aTinaTebi(guCa kvaracxelas poeturi krebuli `aTinaTebi~)................61

ada nemsaZe`buSis quCiT dawyebuli demokratiis~ realuri suraTi.................................................................................70

sofo wulaialevan beriZis romani `fora~.........................................................83

miranda tyeSelaSvilidakarguli saqarTvelos ZiebaSi..................................................90

Tamar CixlaZeinterviuebs miRma danaxuli koletis portreti.....................................................103

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maka joxaZe`icxovre sam droSi~portretebi ojaxur interierSi................................................112

zoia cxadaia`...es ukidegano sircxvili~...(daur naWyebias romanis `Ramis napirebi~ gamo) ....................................................................133

kultura

amiran arabuli`samzeos gamovesalme~(yofna-aryofna. saflavis qva da mwuxarebis sagaloblebi)........................................................144

saba metreveliTamaSis xelovneba............................................................................178

xelovneba

ana kldiaSvili`axali figuracia~ da 80-iani wlebis qarTuli mxatvroba...........................................209

lela oCiauriigavSi dabrunebauaxlesi qarTuli kinos erTi Zveli „ganaxlebuli“ tendenciis garSemo..........................................222

Jurnalistika

SamiliSvili„melodramatuli mediakulturis“ qarTuli paradigmebi.....................................................................238

MeMoria

manana kvataiamsoflmxedvelobrivi orientirebis ZiebaSi.........................248

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maia jaliaSvilidionisuri tician tabiZis poeziaSi..........................................259

levan bregaZeerTi metateqstis istoriisaTvis.............................................274

ada nemsaZeamorZalebis miTi tician tabiZis mxatvrul prozaSi...........................................................................279

lili metreveliparadoqsuli Sesityvebani tician tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi......................................................291

salome boboxiZevis eZRvneba`gaWianurebuli madrigali~? .....................................................296

eSSaY

zaza firaliSviliteqstis dabadeba.............................................................................301

XX saukunis Teoriuli azrovnebis istoriidan

Jak lakani fsiqologia da metafsiqologia...............................................322

gamoxmaureba, recenzia

maia jaliaSvilicxovrebis wigni scenazeSTabeWdilebebi goderZi Coxelis moTxrobebis mixedviT Seqmnil speqtaklze `bedisweris Teatri~..............................................338

sesili Zebniaurizaza firaliSvili –irakli farjiani da Sexvedris metafizika............................347

wignebi 2014-2015..................................................................................354