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!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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Lugano, 26th-27th September 2015

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Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic Dravya Guna (Pharmacology) !!!Dravya (substance) is defined by guna and karma. Guna resides in dravya, rasa is the object of the sensory experience, virya (potency) is responsible for the action of the dravya, vipaka is the final transformation effected by agni, prabhava is the specific potency inherent by nature and is the independent action exerted by the dravya that is not a result of the guna, rasa, virya or vipaka. !Dravya can be of three types: Bhauma (inorganic or earth matter) Jangama (animal products) Audbhida (plant matter) !According to use it has been classified into two groups: Ahar (food) Ausadha (drugs) !According to action, three groups: Samana (pacifying) Kopana (aggravating) Svasthahita (which maintain homeostasis) !!Guna !!There are 41 gunas (attributes) in Ayurveda !The ‘PAIRS OF OPPOSITES’, known as gurvadi or ‘the 20 gunas’ are the ones we are most concerned and are: !GURU LAGHU heavy / light MANDA TIKSHNA slow / sharp SHITA USHNA cold / hot SNIGDHA RUKSHA oily / dry SHLAKSHA KHARA smooth/ rough SANDRA DRAVA dense / liquid MRDU KATHINA soft / hard STHIRA CALA static / mobile SUKSHMA STHULA subtle / gross AVILA/ VISADA cloudy / clear Picchila !!

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www.sai-veda.eu!!The other groups of gunas are: !adhyatmika gunas = 6 iccha - desire

dwesha - aversion sukha - pleasure

dukha - pain prayatna - volition

buddhi – intellect !paradi gunas = 10 para –preferable, apara - not preferable yukti - rational, sankhya - enumeration samyoga - conjunction, vibhaga - disjunction parimana - weight & measure samskara - preparation or processing prithaktwa - separateness abhyasa - regular use !visista gunas = 5 sabda (sound) sparsha (touch) rupa (sight) rasa (taste)

gandha (smell) !!Sanskrit, English, Action and Variances of the principle 20 gunas !Guru Heavy tonic – santarpana (anabolic -nourishing) weight Laghu Light i ncreases lightness / activity apatarpana(catabolic/

depleting) weight Manda Slow/Dull pacifies, santarpana intensity Tikshna Sharp cleanses, apatarpana intensity Ushna Hot Increases perspiration, apatarpana temperature Shita Cold condenses, santarpana temperature Ruksha Dry dries, apatarpana emolliency Snigdha Oily produces moisture, santarpana emolliancy Shlaksna Smooth stimulates growth, santarpana texture Khara Rough rarifies, apatarpana texture Sandra Dense/Solid nourishes, santarpana viscosity Drava Liquid mixes and dissolves, apatarpana viscosity !

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Mrdu Soft relaxes, apatarpana compressability Kathina Hard hardens, solidifies, santarpana compressability Sthira Static supports, santarpana fluidity/movement Cala Mobile excites, increase activity, apatarpana fluidity/movement Sukshma Subtle penetrating, apatarpana density Sthula Gross covers, protects, santarpana density Avila/Picchila cloudy/sticky permeates, coats, santarpana adhesion Visada clear clears, apatarpana adhesion !! !

Therapeutic measures In relation to the gunas !Guru Brmhana Laghu Langhana Shita Stambhana Ushna Svedana Snigdha Snehana Ruksha Ruksnana !!!

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www.sai-veda.eu!Rasa !!Taste Sanskrit Leading Elements Aggravates Pacifies !Sweet Madhura Water & Earth Kapha Vata & Pitta Sour Amla Earth & Fire Pitta & Kapha Vata Salty Lavana Water & Fire Pitta & Kapha Vata Pungent Katu Air & Fire Vata & Pitta Kapha Bitter Tikta Air & Ether Vata Kapha & Pitta Astringent Kasaya Earth & Ether Vata Kapha & Pitta ! !

Caraka Samhita – Sutrastana Ch XXVI vs.43 -44 !Madhura rasa (sweet taste), because of its suitability to the body, promotes rasa, rakta, mamsa, meda, asthi, majja, ojas and shukra; is conducive to life-span, pleasing to six sense organs, promotes strengths and luster, alleviates pitta, poisons and vayu; pacifies thirst and heat; is beneficial for skin, hairs, throat and strenghthens; is nourishing, vitaliser, saturating, bulk promoting and stabilizer; promotes healing in wounds of the emanciated, is delighting for nose, mouth, throat, lips and tongue; alleviates fainting, is most liked by the bees and and is unctuous, cold and heavy. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, produces kaphaja disorders such as obesity, laxity, lassitude, oversleep, heaviness, loss of desire of food, mildness of appetite, abnormal growth in mouth and throat, dyspnoea, cough, fever with shivering, heaviness in bowels, sweetness in mouth, vomiting, loss of consciousness and voice, goiter, cervical adenitis, filariasis, pharyngitis, (mucous) coating in bladder, arteries and throat, eye diseases, conjunctivitis, etc. !Amla rasa (sour taste) gives relish to food, stimulates agni, promotes the bulk of the body and gives energy to it, awakens mind, makes the sense organs firm, promotes strength, caminates wind, saturates heart, salivates mouth; carries down, moistens and digests food; gives satisfaction, and is light, hot and unctuous. This, though endowed with so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, sensitizes teeth, causes thirst, makes the eyes close, raises the body hairs, liquefies kapha, aggravates pitta, affects blood morbidity, causes heat in muscles and laxity in body, produces swelling in wasted, injured, emaciated and debilitated person, because of its agneya nature causes suppuration in wounds, injuries, bites, burns, fractures, swellings, falling, poisoned spots due to urination and contact of insects, compressed excised, dislocated, punctured and crushed, etc; and cases burning sensation in throat, chest and cardiac region. Lavana rasa (salty taste) is digestive, moistening, appetizer, pouring, expectorant, mass-breaking, irritant, laxative, depressant, oozing, space-creating, vata-alleviating, removes stiffness, binding and compactness, overshadows all the rasas, salivates mouth, liquefies kapha, cleanses channels, softens all the body parts, gives relish to food, is an associate of food. It is not much heavy, unctuous and hot. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, vitiates pitta, aggravates rakta, causes thirst, fainting, heat, tearing, sloughing, increases leprosy and other skin diseases, aggravates poisons, makes the inflamed part burst and teeth fall down; damages potency, hinders sense organs, gives rise to wrinkles, grey hair and baldness; and also produces disorders like internal hemmorages, acid gastritis, vatarakta, eczema, alopecia, etc. !

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Katuka rasa (pungent taste) cleanses mouth, stimulates digestion, absorbs food, causes secretions from the nose and eyes; makes the sense organs clear, alleviates alasaka, swelling, corpulence, urticarial patches, channel-blocking, unction, sweating, moisture and dirt, gives relish to food, destroys itching, depresses wounds, kills organisms, scrapes muscles, checks the coagulation of blood, cuts the bindings, opens the channels, pacifies kapha, and is light, hot and rough. This, though having so many properties, if used singly and excessively, damages sexual potency die to the effect of vipaka, causes mental confusion, malaise, depression, emaciation, fainting, bending, feeling of darkness, burning in throat, body heat, loss of strength and thirst due to the effect of rasa, virya and prabhava, over and above, due to abundance of vatu and agni, it produces vatika disorders in feet, hands, sides, back etc. particularly with symptoms like movement, burning pain, tremors, piercing and tearing pains. !Tikta rasa (bitter taste), though itself non-relishing destroys disrelish, is antipoison, anthelmintic, alleviates fainting, burning sensation, itching, leprosy (including skin disorders) and thirst; provides firmness to skin and muscles, is anti pyretic, appetizer, digestive, galacto-depurant, reducing, absorbent of moisture, fat, muscle-fat, marrow, lymph, pus, sweat, urine, feces, pitta and kapha; and is rough, cold and light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, on account of its roughness, coarseness and non-sliminess, dries up rasa, rakta, mamsa, medas, asthi, majja and shukra; causes coarseness in channels, takes away strengths, produces emaciation, malaise, mental confusion, giddiness, dryness of mouth and other vatika disorders. !Kasaya rasa (astringent) is pacifying, astringent, union-promoting, compressing, healing, absorbing, checking (discharges); pacifies kapha, rakta and pitta; utilizes the body fluid, is rough, cold and slightly light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, dries up mouth, causes heart-ache, flatulence, hindrance of voice, slowing of movement in channels, blackishness, impotency, gas formation during digestion; checks flatus, urine, feces and semen; produces emaciation, malaise, thirst, stiffness; and, because of its coarseness, non-sliminess and roughness, causes vatika disorders like hemiplegia, spasm, convulsion, facial paralysis etc. !These six rasas, when used in proper quantity, are beneficial for the living beings, otherwise become harmful. Hence the wise should use these properly in proper quantity in order to derive benefit from them. !!Virya !Some hold that there is eight-fold virya – mrdu (soft), tiskna (sharp), guru (heavy), laghu (light), snigdha (unctuous), ruksha (rough), ushna (hot) and shita (cold) while some opine that there are only two viryas – shita (cold) and ushna (hot). In fact, virya (potency) is that which is responsible for each and every action. The substance can exert no action in absence of virya and as such (it is concluded that) all actions are exerted due to virya. (64-65) !!Vipaka !Substances having katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent) rasas have often katu (pungent) vipaka, amla (sour) is transformed into amla vipaka and madhura (sweet) and lavana (salty) have madhura vipaka. (57-58)

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Madura, lavana and amla – these three rasa due to unctuosness, are often conducive to elimination of wind, urine and feaces. On the contrary, katu, tikta and kasaya – these three rasa, due to roughness, create hindrances in elimination of wind, feaces, urine and semen. (59-60) Katu vipaka damages semen, obstructs elimination of feaces and urine and aggravates vata. Madhura vipaka helps elimination of faeces and urine and increases kapha and semen. Amla vipaka aggravates pitta, helps elimination of feaces and urine and damages semen. Amonghts them, madhura vipaka is guru (heavy) and the other two (katu & amla) vipakas are laghu (light). (61-62) According to variations in gunas (attributes/properties) there is also variation in degrees (lowest, medium and highest) of vipaka. (63) !Rasa is known by its contact with the body (particularly tongue). Vipaka is known by (observing) the final effect (on body) and virya is known (by the action exerted) during the period from administration till excretion (of the drug). (66) !

Kasyapa Samhita Ch. VI Khila Stanam !In the diseases of kapha the wise person should use the katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent) rasas with proper combination in sequential order for treatment. !First of all used pungent rasa destroys quickly what-so ever- slipperiness and heaviness of kapha is there, later-on the bitter rasa reduces the sweetness of mouth and desiccates the kapha, the astringent rasa causes retention and extraction of unctuousness. 24.2-27.1 !Bitter, sweet and astringent are serially beneficial in pitta. Due to association of pitta with ama first of all applied bitter rasa immediately metabolizes it, after its metabolization, used sweet rasa pacifies it (pitta) bu its coldness, heaviness, unctuousness and sweetness; to destroy its liquid nature used astringent rasa desiccates the pitta due to its dryness and property of desiccation 25.2-30.1 !The salty rasa, initially applied with combination in (diseases of) vata by its moisture producing properties, wins over the obstruction of vayu, destroys coldness (of vata) by its heat and lightness (of vata) by its heaviness. In the same way subsequently applied sour rasa, opening the stupefied channels by its properties of sharpness, (then) by its unctuousness and heat produces downward movement of vayu having reached in abnormal passages. Sweet rasa, used after application of sour taste, removes lightness, non-sliminess and dryness of vata by its heaviness, sliminess and unctuousness according to strength. 30-2-35.1 !!Prabhava!!In cases, where in spite of similarity in rasa, virya and vipaka, there is a difference in action (this difference) is said to be due to prabhava (specific potency) (67) For instance chitraka is katu in rasa and vipaka and ushna in virya; similar is danti but the latter is purgative while the former is not. Poison act as antidote to poison, here also the cause is prabhava. Likewise the action of bhagahara (emetic) and aulomika (purgatives) is due to prabhava. Various effects of gems wearable is also due to praphava, there prabhava is unthinkable. !!

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Classification of the Ayurvedic medicines!!!Charaka’s Classification of Drugs (50 groups)!!!1. Promoting Life. (Jevaneyam) Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Meda, Mahameda, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli, Mashaparni, Mudgaparni, Jevanti, Yastimadhu. !2. Promoting Growth (Brimhaneyam) Ksherini, Rajakshavaka, Bala, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli, Vatyayani, Bhadroudani, Bharadhwaji, Payasya, Rishyagandha. !3. Reducing Growth (Lekhaniyam) Muusta, Kushta, Haridra, Vacha, Daruharidra, Ativisha, Katukarohini, Chitraka, Karanja, Haimavati. !4. Promoting Evacuation (Bhedaneyam) Trivruth, Arka, Eranda, Agnimukhi, Danti, Chitramula, Chiribilwa, Sankhini, Katukarohini, Brahmadandi. !5. Promoting Union (Sandhaneyam) Yastimadhu, Guduchi, Prisniparni, Ambashta, Samanga, Mocharasa, Dhataki, Lodhra, Priyangu, Katphala. !6. Promoting Appetite (Depaneyam) Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Amlavetasa, Maricha, Ajamoda, Bhallathakasthi, Hingu. !7. Promoting Strength (Balyam) Indravaruni, Vrishabha, Shatavari, Mashaparni, Vidari, Aswagandha, Sthira, Rohini, Bala, Atibala. !8. Promoting Complexion (Varnyam) Chandana, Tunga, Padmaka, Ushira, Yastimadhu, Manjista, Sariba, Kshera-Kakoli, Sita, Lata. !9. Promoting Voice (Kantyam) Sariba, Ikshumola, Yastimadhu, Pippali, Draksha, Vidari, Kayaphala, Hamsapadi, Briahti, Khantakari. !10. Promoting Happy Feeling (Hridyam) amra, amrataka, Lakucha, Karamarda, Vrikshamla, Amlavetasa, Kuvala, Badara, Dadima, Matulunga. !11. Destroying Satisfaction (Triptighnam) Sunthi, Chitramola, Chavya, Vidanga, Murva, Guduchi, Vacha, Musa, Pippali, Patola. !12. Destroying Piles (Arsoghnam) Kutaja, Bilwa, Chitraka, Sunthi, Ativisha, Harithaki, Dhanvayasaka, Dharuharidra, Vacha, Chavya. !

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13. Destroying Skin Diseases (Kustaghnam) Khadira, Harithaki, amalaki, Haridra, Bhallathaka, Saptaparna, aragwadha, Karavera, Vidanga, Jathi Pravala. !14. Destroying Itching (Kandughnam) Chandana, Jatamamsi, aragwadha, Naktamala, Nimba, Kutaja, Sarshapa, Yastimadhu, Daruaridra, Musta. !15. Destroying Parasites (Krimighnam) Sigru, Maricha, Gandira, Kebuka, Vidanga, Nirgundi,Kinihi, Gokshura, Bharngi, akhuparnika. !16. Destroying Poison (Vishaghnam) Harida, Manjista, Rasna, Sukshmaila, Syama, Chandana, Ktaka, Siresha, Sindhuvara, Sleshmataka. !17. Producing Milk (Sthanyajananam) Virana, Sali, Shastika, Ikshumola, Kusamola, Darbhamola, Kasamola, Gundra, Utkatamola, Katrianamola. !18. Purifying Milk (Sthanysodhanam) Pathaka, Sunthi, Devadaru, Musta, Murva, Guduchi, Kutajabeja, Bhunimba, Katukarohini, Sariba. !19. Producing Sperm (Sukrajananam) Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli,, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni, Meda, Shatavari, Jatamamsi, Karkatakasringi. !20. Purifying Sperm (Sukrasodhanam) Kushta, Elavaluka, Katphala, Samudraphena, Kadambaniryasa, Ikshukanda, Ikshuraka, vasuka Ushira. !21. Promoting Lubrication (Snehopagam) Draksha, Yastimadhu, Guduchi, Meda, Vidari, Kakoli, Ksheramkakoli, Jivaki, Jivanti, Salaparni. !22. Promoting Sweat (Swedopagam) Sigru, Erandamula, Arka, Vrischira, Punarnava, yava, Tila, Kuluttha, Masha, Badariphala. !23. Promoting Vomiting (Vamanopagam) Madhu, Yastimadhu, Kovidara, Karbudara, Nepa, Vidula, Bimbi, Sanapushpi, Arka, Pratyakpushpi. !24. Promoting Purgation (Virechanopagam) Draksha, Kasmari, Parushaka, Abhaya, amalaki, Vibhitaki, Kuvala, Badara, Karkandhu, Pilu. !25. Useful for Non-oily Enema (asthapanopagam) Trivruth, Bilwa, Pippali, Kushta, Sarshapa, Vacha, Kutajabeja Satapushpa, Yastimadhu, Madanaphala. !!

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26. Useful for Oily Enema (Anuvasanopagam) Rasna, Devadaru, Bilwa, Madanaphala, Satapushpa, Punarnava, Vrischera, Gokshura, Agnimantha, Syonaka. !27. Purging Doshas in the Head (Sirovirechaniyam) Jyotishmati, Kshavaka, Maricha, Pippali, Vidanga, Sigru, Sarshapa, Apamarga, Sweta, Mahasweta. !28. Controlling Vomitting (Chardinigrahanam) Jambu, amrapallava, Madiphala, Badara, Dadima, Yava, Yastimadhu, Ushira Mrith, Laja. !29. Controlling Thirst (Trishnanigrahanam) Sunthi, Dhanvayasa, Musta, Parpataka, Chandana, Bhunimba, Guduchi, Ushira, Dhanyaka, Patola. !30. Checking Hiccough (Hiccanigrahanam) Sati, Pushkaramola, Badarabeja, Kantakari, Brihati, Vriksharuha, Harithaki, Pippali, Duralabha, Karkatakasringi. !31. Reducing Fecal Matter (Purisha Sangrahaneyam) Priyangu, Anantha, amrasthi, Katwanga, Lodhra, Mocharasa, Samanga, Dhataki, Barngi, Padmakesara. !32. Purifying Fecal Matter (Purisha Virajaneyam) Jambu, Sallakitwak, Kachchura, Yastimadhu, Mocharasa, Devadaru-Niryasa, Bhrustamrit, Payasya, Utpala, Tilakana. !33. Reducing Urine (Mutra Sangrahaneyam) Jumbu, amra, Plaksha, Vata, Kapitana, Udumbara, Aswaththa, Bhallathaka, Asmanthaka, Somavalka. !34. Purifying Urine (Mutra Virajaneyam) Padma, Utpala, Nalina, Kumuda, Sougandhika, Pundareka, Satapatra, Madhuka, Priyangu, Dhathakipushpa. !35. Increasing Urine (Mutra virechaneyam) Vrikshadani, Swadamstra, Vasuka, Suryavarta, Pashanabhedi, Darbha, Kusa, Kasa, Musta, Utkatamola. !36. Relieving Cough (Kasa Hara) Draksha, Harithaki, amalaki, Pippali, Duralabha Karkatasringi, Kantakari, Punarnava, Tamalaki, Vruschira. !37. Relieving Dyspepsia (Swasahara) Sati, Pushkaramula, Amlavetasa, Ela, Hingu, Agaru, Surasa, Tamalaki, Jevanti, Chandana. !38. Relieving Swelling (Swayathuhara) Patala, Agnimandha, Syonaka, Bilwa, Kasmari, Kantakari, Brihati, Salaparni, Prisniparni, Gokshura, (Dashamula). !39. Relieving Fever (Jwaraharam) Sariba, Sarkara, Patha, Manjista, Draksha, Pelu, Parushaka, Harithaki, amalaki, Vibhithaki. !!

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40. Relieving Exhaustion (Sramaharam) Draksha, Kharjura, Piyala, Badara, Dadima, Phalgu, Parushaka, Ikshu, Yava, Shastika. !41. Relieving Burning Sensation (Dahaprasamanam) Laja, Chandana, Kasmari, Madhuka, Sarkara, Nelotpala, Ushira, Sariba, Guduchi Hribera. !42. Relieving Cold (Sethaprasamanam) Tagara, Agaru, Dhanyaka, Sringabera, Ajamoda, Vacha, Kantakari, Agnimandha, Syonaka, Pippali. !43. Relieving Rashes (Udardaprasamanam) Tinduka, Piyala, Badara, Khadira, Kadara, Saptaparna, Aswakarna, Arjuna, Asana, Irimeda. !44. Relieving bodily Pains (Angamardaprasamanam) Vidarigandha, Prisniparni, Brihati, Kantakaari, Eranda, Kakoli, Chandana, Ushira, Ela, Madhuka. !45. Relieving Colic (Sulaprasamanam) Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Maricha, Ajamoda, Ajagandha, Jeeraka, Gandera. !46. Restoring Blood (Sonitasthapanam) Madhu, Madhuka, Kumkuma, Mocharasa, Loshta, Lodhra, Gairika, Prenkhana, Sarkara, Laja. !47. Relieving Suffering (vedanasthapana) Arjuna, Katphala, Kadamba, Padma, Kumuda, Mocharasa, Sirisha, Vanjula, Ela Valuka, Ashoka. !48. Restoring Consciousness (Prajasthapana) Hingu, Katphala, Irimeda, Vacha, Sati, Brahmi, Golomi, Jatamamsi, Guggulu, Katurohini. !49. Fixing Pregnancy (Prajasthapana) Indravaruni, Brahmi, Durva, Swwetadurva Patali, amalaki, Harithaki, Katurohini, Bala, Prenkhana. !50. Fixing Youthfulness (Vayasthapana) Guduchi, Harithaki, amalaki, Rasna, Swetha, Jevanti, Shatavari, Brahmi, Sthira, Punarnava. !

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www.sai-veda.eu!Times of Drug Administration !Abhakta (empty stomach) Disorders of K vriddhi !Prakbhakta (before meals) Apana disorders To reduce fat To tone up intestinal muscles !Madhya bhakta (during meals) Samana disorders P type gastric disorders !Adhobhakta (after meals) Vyana disorders Udana disorders For brimhana purpose !Sama bhakta (mixed with food) Anorexia Children diseases For weak patients !Antar bhakta (between 2 meals) Vyana disorders For strong persons !Samugdha (before & after meals) Tremors Trembling !Muhuh muhuh (repeatedly) Dyspnoea Cough Hiccough Thirst Vomiting Sever diarrhea Poisoning !Sagrasa (with 1st morsel) Prana disorders For deepana purpose For vajeekarana Grasantara (between morsels) Prana disorders Heart disease !Nisha (at bedtime) Disease of Head, Mouth, Ear, Nose, Eye, Throat !!

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www.sai-veda.eu!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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Lugano, 26th-27th September 2015

!!Ayurvedic Herbology - Part I !with !Sonia Masocco, R.A.P.,CH. !!

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Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic Dravya Guna (Pharmacology) !!!Dravya (substance) is defined by guna and karma. Guna resides in dravya, rasa is the object of the sensory experience, virya (potency) is responsible for the action of the dravya, vipaka is the final transformation effected by agni, prabhava is the specific potency inherent by nature and is the independent action exerted by the dravya that is not a result of the guna, rasa, virya or vipaka. !Dravya can be of three types: Bhauma (inorganic or earth matter) Jangama (animal products) Audbhida (plant matter) !According to use it has been classified into two groups: Ahar (food) Ausadha (drugs) !According to action, three groups: Samana (pacifying) Kopana (aggravating) Svasthahita (which maintain homeostasis) !!Guna !!There are 41 gunas (attributes) in Ayurveda !The ‘PAIRS OF OPPOSITES’, known as gurvadi or ‘the 20 gunas’ are the ones we are most concerned and are: !GURU LAGHU heavy / light MANDA TIKSHNA slow / sharp SHITA USHNA cold / hot SNIGDHA RUKSHA oily / dry SHLAKSHA KHARA smooth/ rough SANDRA DRAVA dense / liquid MRDU KATHINA soft / hard STHIRA CALA static / mobile SUKSHMA STHULA subtle / gross AVILA/ VISADA cloudy / clear Picchila !!

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www.sai-veda.eu!!The other groups of gunas are: !adhyatmika gunas = 6 iccha - desire

dwesha - aversion sukha - pleasure

dukha - pain prayatna - volition

buddhi – intellect !paradi gunas = 10 para –preferable, apara - not preferable yukti - rational, sankhya - enumeration samyoga - conjunction, vibhaga - disjunction parimana - weight & measure samskara - preparation or processing prithaktwa - separateness abhyasa - regular use !visista gunas = 5 sabda (sound) sparsha (touch) rupa (sight) rasa (taste)

gandha (smell) !!Sanskrit, English, Action and Variances of the principle 20 gunas !Guru Heavy tonic – santarpana (anabolic -nourishing) weight Laghu Light i ncreases lightness / activity apatarpana(catabolic/

depleting) weight Manda Slow/Dull pacifies, santarpana intensity Tikshna Sharp cleanses, apatarpana intensity Ushna Hot Increases perspiration, apatarpana temperature Shita Cold condenses, santarpana temperature Ruksha Dry dries, apatarpana emolliency Snigdha Oily produces moisture, santarpana emolliancy Shlaksna Smooth stimulates growth, santarpana texture Khara Rough rarifies, apatarpana texture Sandra Dense/Solid nourishes, santarpana viscosity Drava Liquid mixes and dissolves, apatarpana viscosity !

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Mrdu Soft relaxes, apatarpana compressability Kathina Hard hardens, solidifies, santarpana compressability Sthira Static supports, santarpana fluidity/movement Cala Mobile excites, increase activity, apatarpana fluidity/movement Sukshma Subtle penetrating, apatarpana density Sthula Gross covers, protects, santarpana density Avila/Picchila cloudy/sticky permeates, coats, santarpana adhesion Visada clear clears, apatarpana adhesion !! !

Therapeutic measures In relation to the gunas !Guru Brmhana Laghu Langhana Shita Stambhana Ushna Svedana Snigdha Snehana Ruksha Ruksnana !!!

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!Rasa !!Taste Sanskrit Leading Elements Aggravates Pacifies !Sweet Madhura Water & Earth Kapha Vata & Pitta Sour Amla Earth & Fire Pitta & Kapha Vata Salty Lavana Water & Fire Pitta & Kapha Vata Pungent Katu Air & Fire Vata & Pitta Kapha Bitter Tikta Air & Ether Vata Kapha & Pitta Astringent Kasaya Earth & Ether Vata Kapha & Pitta ! !

Caraka Samhita – Sutrastana Ch XXVI vs.43 -44 !Madhura rasa (sweet taste), because of its suitability to the body, promotes rasa, rakta, mamsa, meda, asthi, majja, ojas and shukra; is conducive to life-span, pleasing to six sense organs, promotes strengths and luster, alleviates pitta, poisons and vayu; pacifies thirst and heat; is beneficial for skin, hairs, throat and strenghthens; is nourishing, vitaliser, saturating, bulk promoting and stabilizer; promotes healing in wounds of the emanciated, is delighting for nose, mouth, throat, lips and tongue; alleviates fainting, is most liked by the bees and and is unctuous, cold and heavy. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, produces kaphaja disorders such as obesity, laxity, lassitude, oversleep, heaviness, loss of desire of food, mildness of appetite, abnormal growth in mouth and throat, dyspnoea, cough, fever with shivering, heaviness in bowels, sweetness in mouth, vomiting, loss of consciousness and voice, goiter, cervical adenitis, filariasis, pharyngitis, (mucous) coating in bladder, arteries and throat, eye diseases, conjunctivitis, etc. !Amla rasa (sour taste) gives relish to food, stimulates agni, promotes the bulk of the body and gives energy to it, awakens mind, makes the sense organs firm, promotes strength, caminates wind, saturates heart, salivates mouth; carries down, moistens and digests food; gives satisfaction, and is light, hot and unctuous. This, though endowed with so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, sensitizes teeth, causes thirst, makes the eyes close, raises the body hairs, liquefies kapha, aggravates pitta, affects blood morbidity, causes heat in muscles and laxity in body, produces swelling in wasted, injured, emaciated and debilitated person, because of its agneya nature causes suppuration in wounds, injuries, bites, burns, fractures, swellings, falling, poisoned spots due to urination and contact of insects, compressed excised, dislocated, punctured and crushed, etc; and cases burning sensation in throat, chest and cardiac region. Lavana rasa (salty taste) is digestive, moistening, appetizer, pouring, expectorant, mass-breaking, irritant, laxative, depressant, oozing, space-creating, vata-alleviating, removes stiffness, binding and compactness, overshadows all the rasas, salivates mouth, liquefies kapha, cleanses channels, softens all the body parts, gives relish to food, is an associate of food. It is not much heavy, unctuous and hot. This, though having so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, vitiates pitta, aggravates rakta, causes thirst, fainting, heat, tearing, sloughing, increases leprosy and other skin diseases, aggravates poisons, makes the inflamed part burst and teeth fall down; damages potency, hinders sense organs, gives rise to wrinkles, grey hair and baldness; and also produces disorders like internal hemmorages, acid gastritis, vatarakta, eczema, alopecia, etc. !

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Katuka rasa (pungent taste) cleanses mouth, stimulates digestion, absorbs food, causes secretions from the nose and eyes; makes the sense organs clear, alleviates alasaka, swelling, corpulence, urticarial patches, channel-blocking, unction, sweating, moisture and dirt, gives relish to food, destroys itching, depresses wounds, kills organisms, scrapes muscles, checks the coagulation of blood, cuts the bindings, opens the channels, pacifies kapha, and is light, hot and rough. This, though having so many properties, if used singly and excessively, damages sexual potency die to the effect of vipaka, causes mental confusion, malaise, depression, emaciation, fainting, bending, feeling of darkness, burning in throat, body heat, loss of strength and thirst due to the effect of rasa, virya and prabhava, over and above, due to abundance of vatu and agni, it produces vatika disorders in feet, hands, sides, back etc. particularly with symptoms like movement, burning pain, tremors, piercing and tearing pains. !Tikta rasa (bitter taste), though itself non-relishing destroys disrelish, is antipoison, anthelmintic, alleviates fainting, burning sensation, itching, leprosy (including skin disorders) and thirst; provides firmness to skin and muscles, is anti pyretic, appetizer, digestive, galacto-depurant, reducing, absorbent of moisture, fat, muscle-fat, marrow, lymph, pus, sweat, urine, feces, pitta and kapha; and is rough, cold and light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, on account of its roughness, coarseness and non-sliminess, dries up rasa, rakta, mamsa, medas, asthi, majja and shukra; causes coarseness in channels, takes away strengths, produces emaciation, malaise, mental confusion, giddiness, dryness of mouth and other vatika disorders. !Kasaya rasa (astringent) is pacifying, astringent, union-promoting, compressing, healing, absorbing, checking (discharges); pacifies kapha, rakta and pitta; utilizes the body fluid, is rough, cold and slightly light. This, though possessing so many qualities, if used singly and excessively, dries up mouth, causes heart-ache, flatulence, hindrance of voice, slowing of movement in channels, blackishness, impotency, gas formation during digestion; checks flatus, urine, feces and semen; produces emaciation, malaise, thirst, stiffness; and, because of its coarseness, non-sliminess and roughness, causes vatika disorders like hemiplegia, spasm, convulsion, facial paralysis etc. !These six rasas, when used in proper quantity, are beneficial for the living beings, otherwise become harmful. Hence the wise should use these properly in proper quantity in order to derive benefit from them. !!Virya !Some hold that there is eight-fold virya – mrdu (soft), tiskna (sharp), guru (heavy), laghu (light), snigdha (unctuous), ruksha (rough), ushna (hot) and shita (cold) while some opine that there are only two viryas – shita (cold) and ushna (hot). In fact, virya (potency) is that which is responsible for each and every action. The substance can exert no action in absence of virya and as such (it is concluded that) all actions are exerted due to virya. (64-65) !!Vipaka !Substances having katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent) rasas have often katu (pungent) vipaka, amla (sour) is transformed into amla vipaka and madhura (sweet) and lavana (salty) have madhura vipaka. (57-58)

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Madura, lavana and amla – these three rasa due to unctuosness, are often conducive to elimination of wind, urine and feaces. On the contrary, katu, tikta and kasaya – these three rasa, due to roughness, create hindrances in elimination of wind, feaces, urine and semen. (59-60) Katu vipaka damages semen, obstructs elimination of feaces and urine and aggravates vata. Madhura vipaka helps elimination of faeces and urine and increases kapha and semen. Amla vipaka aggravates pitta, helps elimination of feaces and urine and damages semen. Amonghts them, madhura vipaka is guru (heavy) and the other two (katu & amla) vipakas are laghu (light). (61-62) According to variations in gunas (attributes/properties) there is also variation in degrees (lowest, medium and highest) of vipaka. (63) !Rasa is known by its contact with the body (particularly tongue). Vipaka is known by (observing) the final effect (on body) and virya is known (by the action exerted) during the period from administration till excretion (of the drug). (66) !

Kasyapa Samhita Ch. VI Khila Stanam !In the diseases of kapha the wise person should use the katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent) rasas with proper combination in sequential order for treatment. !First of all used pungent rasa destroys quickly what-so ever- slipperiness and heaviness of kapha is there, later-on the bitter rasa reduces the sweetness of mouth and desiccates the kapha, the astringent rasa causes retention and extraction of unctuousness. 24.2-27.1 !Bitter, sweet and astringent are serially beneficial in pitta. Due to association of pitta with ama first of all applied bitter rasa immediately metabolizes it, after its metabolization, used sweet rasa pacifies it (pitta) bu its coldness, heaviness, unctuousness and sweetness; to destroy its liquid nature used astringent rasa desiccates the pitta due to its dryness and property of desiccation 25.2-30.1 !The salty rasa, initially applied with combination in (diseases of) vata by its moisture producing properties, wins over the obstruction of vayu, destroys coldness (of vata) by its heat and lightness (of vata) by its heaviness. In the same way subsequently applied sour rasa, opening the stupefied channels by its properties of sharpness, (then) by its unctuousness and heat produces downward movement of vayu having reached in abnormal passages. Sweet rasa, used after application of sour taste, removes lightness, non-sliminess and dryness of vata by its heaviness, sliminess and unctuousness according to strength. 30-2-35.1 !!Prabhava!!In cases, where in spite of similarity in rasa, virya and vipaka, there is a difference in action (this difference) is said to be due to prabhava (specific potency) (67) For instance chitraka is katu in rasa and vipaka and ushna in virya; similar is danti but the latter is purgative while the former is not. Poison act as antidote to poison, here also the cause is prabhava. Likewise the action of bhagahara (emetic) and aulomika (purgatives) is due to prabhava. Various effects of gems wearable is also due to praphava, there prabhava is unthinkable. !!

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Classification of the Ayurvedic medicines!!!Charaka’s Classification of Drugs (50 groups)!!!1. Promoting Life. (Jevaneyam) Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Meda, Mahameda, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli, Mashaparni, Mudgaparni, Jevanti, Yastimadhu. !2. Promoting Growth (Brimhaneyam) Ksherini, Rajakshavaka, Bala, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli, Vatyayani, Bhadroudani, Bharadhwaji, Payasya, Rishyagandha. !3. Reducing Growth (Lekhaniyam) Muusta, Kushta, Haridra, Vacha, Daruharidra, Ativisha, Katukarohini, Chitraka, Karanja, Haimavati. !4. Promoting Evacuation (Bhedaneyam) Trivruth, Arka, Eranda, Agnimukhi, Danti, Chitramula, Chiribilwa, Sankhini, Katukarohini, Brahmadandi. !5. Promoting Union (Sandhaneyam) Yastimadhu, Guduchi, Prisniparni, Ambashta, Samanga, Mocharasa, Dhataki, Lodhra, Priyangu, Katphala. !6. Promoting Appetite (Depaneyam) Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Amlavetasa, Maricha, Ajamoda, Bhallathakasthi, Hingu. !7. Promoting Strength (Balyam) Indravaruni, Vrishabha, Shatavari, Mashaparni, Vidari, Aswagandha, Sthira, Rohini, Bala, Atibala. !8. Promoting Complexion (Varnyam) Chandana, Tunga, Padmaka, Ushira, Yastimadhu, Manjista, Sariba, Kshera-Kakoli, Sita, Lata. !9. Promoting Voice (Kantyam) Sariba, Ikshumola, Yastimadhu, Pippali, Draksha, Vidari, Kayaphala, Hamsapadi, Briahti, Khantakari. !10. Promoting Happy Feeling (Hridyam) amra, amrataka, Lakucha, Karamarda, Vrikshamla, Amlavetasa, Kuvala, Badara, Dadima, Matulunga. !11. Destroying Satisfaction (Triptighnam) Sunthi, Chitramola, Chavya, Vidanga, Murva, Guduchi, Vacha, Musa, Pippali, Patola. !12. Destroying Piles (Arsoghnam) Kutaja, Bilwa, Chitraka, Sunthi, Ativisha, Harithaki, Dhanvayasaka, Dharuharidra, Vacha, Chavya. !

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13. Destroying Skin Diseases (Kustaghnam) Khadira, Harithaki, amalaki, Haridra, Bhallathaka, Saptaparna, aragwadha, Karavera, Vidanga, Jathi Pravala. !14. Destroying Itching (Kandughnam) Chandana, Jatamamsi, aragwadha, Naktamala, Nimba, Kutaja, Sarshapa, Yastimadhu, Daruaridra, Musta. !15. Destroying Parasites (Krimighnam) Sigru, Maricha, Gandira, Kebuka, Vidanga, Nirgundi,Kinihi, Gokshura, Bharngi, akhuparnika. !16. Destroying Poison (Vishaghnam) Harida, Manjista, Rasna, Sukshmaila, Syama, Chandana, Ktaka, Siresha, Sindhuvara, Sleshmataka. !17. Producing Milk (Sthanyajananam) Virana, Sali, Shastika, Ikshumola, Kusamola, Darbhamola, Kasamola, Gundra, Utkatamola, Katrianamola. !18. Purifying Milk (Sthanysodhanam) Pathaka, Sunthi, Devadaru, Musta, Murva, Guduchi, Kutajabeja, Bhunimba, Katukarohini, Sariba. !19. Producing Sperm (Sukrajananam) Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Kakoli, Ksherakakoli,, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni, Meda, Shatavari, Jatamamsi, Karkatakasringi. !20. Purifying Sperm (Sukrasodhanam) Kushta, Elavaluka, Katphala, Samudraphena, Kadambaniryasa, Ikshukanda, Ikshuraka, vasuka Ushira. !21. Promoting Lubrication (Snehopagam) Draksha, Yastimadhu, Guduchi, Meda, Vidari, Kakoli, Ksheramkakoli, Jivaki, Jivanti, Salaparni. !22. Promoting Sweat (Swedopagam) Sigru, Erandamula, Arka, Vrischira, Punarnava, yava, Tila, Kuluttha, Masha, Badariphala. !23. Promoting Vomiting (Vamanopagam) Madhu, Yastimadhu, Kovidara, Karbudara, Nepa, Vidula, Bimbi, Sanapushpi, Arka, Pratyakpushpi. !24. Promoting Purgation (Virechanopagam) Draksha, Kasmari, Parushaka, Abhaya, amalaki, Vibhitaki, Kuvala, Badara, Karkandhu, Pilu. !25. Useful for Non-oily Enema (asthapanopagam) Trivruth, Bilwa, Pippali, Kushta, Sarshapa, Vacha, Kutajabeja Satapushpa, Yastimadhu, Madanaphala. !!

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26. Useful for Oily Enema (Anuvasanopagam) Rasna, Devadaru, Bilwa, Madanaphala, Satapushpa, Punarnava, Vrischera, Gokshura, Agnimantha, Syonaka. !27. Purging Doshas in the Head (Sirovirechaniyam) Jyotishmati, Kshavaka, Maricha, Pippali, Vidanga, Sigru, Sarshapa, Apamarga, Sweta, Mahasweta. !28. Controlling Vomitting (Chardinigrahanam) Jambu, amrapallava, Madiphala, Badara, Dadima, Yava, Yastimadhu, Ushira Mrith, Laja. !29. Controlling Thirst (Trishnanigrahanam) Sunthi, Dhanvayasa, Musta, Parpataka, Chandana, Bhunimba, Guduchi, Ushira, Dhanyaka, Patola. !30. Checking Hiccough (Hiccanigrahanam) Sati, Pushkaramola, Badarabeja, Kantakari, Brihati, Vriksharuha, Harithaki, Pippali, Duralabha, Karkatakasringi. !31. Reducing Fecal Matter (Purisha Sangrahaneyam) Priyangu, Anantha, amrasthi, Katwanga, Lodhra, Mocharasa, Samanga, Dhataki, Barngi, Padmakesara. !32. Purifying Fecal Matter (Purisha Virajaneyam) Jambu, Sallakitwak, Kachchura, Yastimadhu, Mocharasa, Devadaru-Niryasa, Bhrustamrit, Payasya, Utpala, Tilakana. !33. Reducing Urine (Mutra Sangrahaneyam) Jumbu, amra, Plaksha, Vata, Kapitana, Udumbara, Aswaththa, Bhallathaka, Asmanthaka, Somavalka. !34. Purifying Urine (Mutra Virajaneyam) Padma, Utpala, Nalina, Kumuda, Sougandhika, Pundareka, Satapatra, Madhuka, Priyangu, Dhathakipushpa. !35. Increasing Urine (Mutra virechaneyam) Vrikshadani, Swadamstra, Vasuka, Suryavarta, Pashanabhedi, Darbha, Kusa, Kasa, Musta, Utkatamola. !36. Relieving Cough (Kasa Hara) Draksha, Harithaki, amalaki, Pippali, Duralabha Karkatasringi, Kantakari, Punarnava, Tamalaki, Vruschira. !37. Relieving Dyspepsia (Swasahara) Sati, Pushkaramula, Amlavetasa, Ela, Hingu, Agaru, Surasa, Tamalaki, Jevanti, Chandana. !38. Relieving Swelling (Swayathuhara) Patala, Agnimandha, Syonaka, Bilwa, Kasmari, Kantakari, Brihati, Salaparni, Prisniparni, Gokshura, (Dashamula). !39. Relieving Fever (Jwaraharam) Sariba, Sarkara, Patha, Manjista, Draksha, Pelu, Parushaka, Harithaki, amalaki, Vibhithaki. !!

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40. Relieving Exhaustion (Sramaharam) Draksha, Kharjura, Piyala, Badara, Dadima, Phalgu, Parushaka, Ikshu, Yava, Shastika. !41. Relieving Burning Sensation (Dahaprasamanam) Laja, Chandana, Kasmari, Madhuka, Sarkara, Nelotpala, Ushira, Sariba, Guduchi Hribera. !42. Relieving Cold (Sethaprasamanam) Tagara, Agaru, Dhanyaka, Sringabera, Ajamoda, Vacha, Kantakari, Agnimandha, Syonaka, Pippali. !43. Relieving Rashes (Udardaprasamanam) Tinduka, Piyala, Badara, Khadira, Kadara, Saptaparna, Aswakarna, Arjuna, Asana, Irimeda. !44. Relieving bodily Pains (Angamardaprasamanam) Vidarigandha, Prisniparni, Brihati, Kantakaari, Eranda, Kakoli, Chandana, Ushira, Ela, Madhuka. !45. Relieving Colic (Sulaprasamanam) Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sunthi, Maricha, Ajamoda, Ajagandha, Jeeraka, Gandera. !46. Restoring Blood (Sonitasthapanam) Madhu, Madhuka, Kumkuma, Mocharasa, Loshta, Lodhra, Gairika, Prenkhana, Sarkara, Laja. !47. Relieving Suffering (vedanasthapana) Arjuna, Katphala, Kadamba, Padma, Kumuda, Mocharasa, Sirisha, Vanjula, Ela Valuka, Ashoka. !48. Restoring Consciousness (Prajasthapana) Hingu, Katphala, Irimeda, Vacha, Sati, Brahmi, Golomi, Jatamamsi, Guggulu, Katurohini. !49. Fixing Pregnancy (Prajasthapana) Indravaruni, Brahmi, Durva, Swwetadurva Patali, amalaki, Harithaki, Katurohini, Bala, Prenkhana. !50. Fixing Youthfulness (Vayasthapana) Guduchi, Harithaki, amalaki, Rasna, Swetha, Jevanti, Shatavari, Brahmi, Sthira, Punarnava. !!!

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www.sai-veda.eu!Susruta’s Classification of Drugs (37 groups)!!1. Vidarigandhadi gana Vidarigandha (Salparne), Vodare, Viswadeva (Gangaruke), Sahadeva (a variety of Bala), Swadamshtra (Gokshura), Prithakparne (Prisniparni), Shatavari, Sariba, Krishna Sariba, Jevaka and Rishabhaka, Mahasa ha (Mashaparne), Kshudrasaha (Mudgaparne), Brihate, Kantakare, Punarnava, Eranda, Hamsapadi, Vrischikale and Rishabhe. The Vidarigandhadigana counteracts Vata and Pitta; it is useful in Sosha (emaciation), Gulma (tumour), Angamarda (bodily soreness), ordhwaswasa (a kind of Swasa) and Kasa (cough). !2. Aragwadhadi gana Aragwadha, Madana, Gopaghonta (Karkote), Kantake (Vikamkata), Kutaja, Patha, Patala, Morva, Indrayava, Saptaparna, Nimba, Kurantaka, Dasekurantaka, Guduchi, Chitraka, Sarngeshta (Kakajangha), Karanja and Vitapakaranja, Patola, Kiratatiktaka and Sushave (Karavella). The aragwadhadigana checks Kapha and Poison; it is also useful in Prameha, Kushta, Jwara, Vami (vomiting), Kandu (itching) and it purifies Vrana (Dushta). !3. Varunadi gana Varuna, artagala (Kakubha), Sigru, Madhu Sigru, Tarkare, Mesha Sringe (karkatasringe), Poteka (Chirabilva), Naktamala (Brihat Karanja), Morata (Ankolapushpa), Agnimandha, two kinds of Saireyaka (red and blue flowers), Bimbe, Vasuka (Buka), Vasira (Markatapippali), Chitraka, Shatavari, Bilwa, Ajasringe (Chagalavishanika), Darbha (Kusa), Brihati and Kantakari. This Varunadigana checks Kapha and Medas; it is also useful in headache, Gulma, and abhyantara vidradhi (internal abscess). !4. Veratarwadigana Verataru (Savara), two kinds of Sahachara, Darbha, Vrikshadane, Gundra (Padaraka bhedah), Nala, Kusa, Kasa, Asmabhedaka, Agnimandha, Morata (Ankollapushpa), Vasuka, Vasira, Bhalloka, Kurantaka, Indevara, Kapotavanka, and Swadamshtra (Gokshura). !5. Salasaradi gana Salasara, Ajakarna (Sarja), Khadira Kadara (Swetasara), Kalaskandha, Kramuka (Poga), Bhorja, Meshasringa (Karkatasringi), Tinisa (Syandana), Chandana, Kuchandana, Simsapa, Siresha, Asana (Bejaka). Dhava (Sakata), Arjuna (Kakubha), Tala, Saka, Naktamala, Poteka, Aswakarna, Agaru and Kaleyakam (Malendre chandanam). !This gana is very helpful in Kushta. It also acts as a curative in Prameha, Pandu (anaemia) and lessens Kapha and Medas. !6. Rodhradigana Rodhra, Savaralodhra, Palasa, Kutannata, Ashoka, Phanje (Bharnge), Katphala, Elavalukam, Sallake, Jingine, Kadamba, Sala and Kadale. The Rodhradigana lessens Medas and Kapha; it is curative of Yoni Dosha (disorders of Yoni); it is astringent (Stambhe), develops complexion (Varnya), and mitigates the poisons (Vishavinasana). !7. Arkadigana Arka, Alarka (Sweta Arka), Karanja, Vitapakaranja, Nagadante, Mayoraka (Apamarga), Bharge, Rasna, Indrapushpe, Kshudra Sweta (Sephanda), Mahasweta, Vrischikale, Alavana (Jyotishmate), and Tapasa Vriksha (Induda).

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The Arkadigana checks Kapha, Medas and Visha; it is helpful also in Krumi, Kushta and is chiefly a purificator of Vranas (Viseshat Vrana Sodhanah). !8. Surasadigana Surasa (Krishna Tulsi), Sweta Surasa (Sweta Tulsi), Phanijjaka (Maruvaka), Arjaka (Swetakutheraka), Bhosthrina (Angudaka), Sugandhaka (Dronapushpa), Sumukha (Rajika), Kalamala (Krishnamallika), Kasamarda, Kshavaka (‘Chinkine’), Kharapushpa (Kshavakabhedah), Vidanga, Katphala, Surase (‘Bilwanase’), Nirgunde, Kulahala (Mundika), Undurukarnika (moshika Karnika), Phanje (Bharge), Prachebala (Matsyakshaka), Kakamache, and Vishnumustika. Surasadigana checks Kapha and destroys Krimes (Parasites); it is also useful in cold, loss of appetite, hard breathing and cough; it purifies (Dushta) Vrana. !9. Mushkakadigana Mushkaka (Ksharavriksha), Palasa (Kinsuka), Dhava, Chitraka, Madana, Vrikshaka (Kutaja), Simsapa, Vajravriksha and Triphala (Haretaki, Vibhetaki and amalaki). Mushkakadigana reduces Medas and is useful in Sukradosha (impurity of Semen); it also acts as a curative in Prameha, Arsas, Panduroga and Sarkara. !10. Pippalyadigana Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka, Sringabera (Sunthi), Maricha, Hastipippali (Gajapippali), Harenuka, Ela, Ajamoda, Indrayava, Patha, Jeraka, Sarshapa, Mahanimbaphala, Hingu, Bharnge, Madhursa (Morva), Ativisha, Vacha, Vidanga, and Katurohine. Pippalyadigana reduces Kapha Dosha, cold (Pratisyaya), Vata, anorexia, Gulma and pain (Sula); it creates appetite (depana) and digests (resolves) amaDosha (ama Pachana). !11. Eladigana Ela, Tagara, Kushta, Mamse, Dhyamaka (Kattrina), Twak, Patra (Patrakam), Nagapushpa (Nagakesara), Priyangu, Harenuka, Vyaghranakha, Sukti, (Vyaghranakhabheda), Chanda, Sthouneyaka (Thuneraka), Sreveshtaka (Saraladruma), Chocha, Charaka, Valuka, Guggulu, Sarjarasa Turushka (Sihlaka), Kunduraka (Sallake (Chopa), Agaru, Sprukka, Ushira, Bhadradaru, Kunkumam and Punnagakesara. Eladigana checks Vasta and Kapha and Visha (Poison); it creates luster of the skin (Varna prasada); it destroys itching (Kando), Pidaka (Disease with elevated skin on account of an abcess etc) and Kotha (eruption on skin). !12. Vachadigana Vacha, Musta, Ativisha, Abhaya, Bhadradaru, and Nagakesara constitute Vachadigana. !13. Haridradi gana Haridra, Daruharidra, Kalase (Prisniparne), Kutajabeja and Yastimadhu constitute Haridradigana. Both Vachadigana and Haridradigana purify the breast-milk, act as amelioratives (Samana) in amatesara; they are especially digestive of the Doshas (Viseshat Doshapachanou). !14. Syamadigana Syama (Sweta Trivrut), Mahasyama (Vriddhadaraka), Trivrut (having red rot), Dante, Sankhine (Yavatiktabhedah), Tilvaka (Rodhra), Kampillaka (Rochanika), Ramyaka (Mahanimba), Kramuka, Putrasrence, Gavakshe, Rajavriksha, Karanja, Vitapakaranja, Guduchi, Saptala (Snuhebheda), Chagalantre (Vriddhadarakabheda), Sudha (Sehunda) and Suvarnaksheri. Syamadigana checks Gulma and Visha (poison), anaha (distension of abdomen), Udara, and Udavarta; it causes fre evacuation of the bowels. !!

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15. Brihatyadigana Brihate, Kantakarika, Kutajaphala, Patha, and Madhukam (Yashtimadhu). Brihatyadigana is a digestive (Pachaneya); it checks Vata and Pitta. It is also beneficial in Arochaka (Anorexia) due to Kapha, Hridroga, Motrakrichra (Dysuria) and a kind of pain during urination. !16. Patoladigana Patola, Chandana, Kuchandana, (Raktachandana), Morva, Guduchi, Patha and Katurohine. Patoladigana cures Pitta, Kapha and Arochaka (anorexia); it relieves Jwara; it is beneficial in Vranas, and cures vomiting, itching and Visha (poison). !17. Kakolyadigana Kakole, Ksherakakole, Jevaka, Rishabhaka, Mudgaparne, Mashaparni, Meda, Mahameda, Chinnaruha (Guduchi), Karkatasringe, Tugakshere (Vamsalochana), Padmaka, Prap0oundareka, Riddhi, Vriddhi, Mridweka (Draksha), Jewante and Madhukam. Kakolyadigana cures Pittasonita (Rakta vitiated by Pitta; or Pitta and Sonita) and Vayu. It is Jevana (increases vitality), Brimhana (promotes bodily growth), Vrishya (increases semen), and increases breast-milk and Kapha. !18. Oshakadigana Oshaka (Ksharamrittika), Saindhavalavana, Silajathu. Kasesadwaya (Valukasesam and Pushpukasesam), Hingu and Tuththtaka. oshakadigana relieves Kapha and diminishes Medas; it acts as curative in Asmare (stone), Sarkara (sand in urine), Motrakrichchra and Gulma. !19. Saribadigana Sariba, Madhuka (Yashtimadhu), Chandana, Kuchandana (Raktachandana), Padmaka, Kasmarephala, Madhokapushpa and Ushiram. Saribadigana relieves thirst and Raktapitta. It is beneficial in Pittajwara and cures Daha (burning sensation) especially. !20. Anjanadi Gana Anjana (Souveranjanam), Rasanjanam, Nagapushpa (Nagakesaram), Priyangu, Nelotpala, Nalanda (Mamse), Nalinakesara (Padmakesra) and Madhukam. This Gana cures Raktapitta; it is beneficial in Visha (poisoning), and it relieves internal burning sensation. !21. Paroshakadi Gana Paroshaka, Draksha, Katphala, Dadima, Rajadana (Ksherika), Katakaphala and Sakaphalas (fruits of a tre named Saka). (Fruits of all the above drugs should be used). Paroshakadigana cures Vata and disordered urine; it is pleasant to take (Hridya); it relieves thirst and creates appetite. !22. Priyangwadi Gana Priyangu, Samanga (Anjali-Karika or Lajjalu), Dhatake, Punnaga (Tunga), Nagapushpam, Chandanam, Kuchandanam, Mocharasa (Salmali chupa), Rasanjana Kumbheka, Srotonjana, Padmakesara, Yojanavalli (Manjishta) and Derghamola (Duralabha). !23. Ambashtadi Gana Ambashta (Machika), Dhatakikusuma, Samanga (Lajjalu), Katvanga (Araluka), Madhuka, Bilwapesika, (Bala Bhilwagirah), Savararodhra (Lodhra), Palasa, Nandevriksha (Kasmare) and Padmakesaram.

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Both Priyangwadi Gana and Ambashtadi Gana are useful in Pakwatesara. They cause Sandhana (union of bones etc), are beneficial in Pitta and heal the ulcers (Vrananam chapi Ropanou). !24. Nyagrodhadi Gana Nyagrodha (Vata), Udumbara, Aswaththa, Plaksha, Madhuka, Kapethana (amrataka), Kakubha, amra, Kosamra, Chorakapatra (Lakshavriksha), Jambodwaya (Rajajambo and Kakajambo – Swalpaphala), Piyala (Saradruma), Madhoka (Gudapushpa), Rohine (Katphala), Vanjula (Vetasa), Kadamba, Badare, Tinduke (Tinduka Vriksha), Sallake, Rodhra, Savararodhra, Bhallataka, Palasa and Nandevriksha. Nyagrodhadigana is beneficial in the treatment of Vranas (Vranyah); it is astringent (Sangrahe); it is useful in fractures (Bhagna Sadhaka). Further, it relieves Raktapitta (Haemorrhage) and Daha (burning sensation); it reduces Medas (obesity) and it is useful in Yonidosha (Yonivvapat). !25. Guduchyadi Gana Guduchi, Nimba, Kustamburu (Dhanyakam), Chandanam and Padmakam. Guduchyadi gana checks all Jwaras (fevers and it increases appetite (Depana). It relieves’ Hrillasa (nausea accompanied with hawking of mucous etc. from the mouth), Arochaka (Anorexia), Vami (Vomiting), thirst and burning sensation. !26. Utpaladi Gana Utpala (Nelotpala), Raktotpala, Kumuda (Swetotpala) Sougandhika (a Swet-scented blue lily different from Nelotphala), Kuvalaya, (Utpala having blue-white colour), Pundareka (White lotus) and Madhukam (Yashtimadhu). Utpaladigana relieves Daha (burning sensation), Pitta and Rakta, thirst, Visha (poisoning), Hridroga, Chardi (Vomiting) and Morcha (Syncope). !27. Mustadi Gana Musta, Haridra, Daruharidra, Haritaki, amalaki, Bhibitaki, Kushta, Haimavate (Vacha), Patha, Katurohine, Sarngeshta (Yavatikta), Ativisha, Dravide (Ela), Bhallataka and Chitraka. Mustakadi Gana reduces Kapha; it also cures Yonidosha and purifies breast-milk; it is digestive (Pachana). !28. Triphala Haritaki, amalaki and Bhibitaki. Triphala reduces Kapha and Pitta; it is useful in Prameha, Kushta; it is beneficial to eyes; it creates appetite and is useful in Vishamajwara. !29. Trikatukam Pippali, Maricha and Sringabera (Sunthi). This is also called Tryoshanam and Vyosha. It reduces Kapha and Medas and is useful in Pramea, Kushta, Twagamaya (Skin diseases); it creates appetite; it is useful in Gulma, Penasa and Agnyalpata (Poor digestion). !30. Amalakyadi Gana Amalaki, Haritaki, Pippali and Chitraka. This amalakyadigana is useful in all jwaras (fevers) is beneficial to eyes, is an aphrodisiac and cures Kapharochaka (Anorexia due to Kapha). !31. Trapwadi Gana Trapu (Vangam-Tin), Sesa (Lead), Tamra (Copper) Rata (Silver), Krishna Loha (Stel), Suvarna (Gold), and Lohamala (Mandoram). Trapwadigana is useful in gara (poisoning usually through fod), worms (Krimi), thirst, Visha, Hridroga Pandu and Prameha. !

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32. Lakshadi Gana Laksha, arevata (Kiramalaki), Kutaja, Aswamaraka (Karavera), Katphala, Haridra and Daruharidra, Nimba, Saptachchada, Malate and Trayamana. Lakshadi Gana is Kashaya (astringent), bitter and swet in taste; reduces ailments due to Kapha and Pitta; it is useful in Kushta and Krimi (worms); it also purifies Dushta vranas. !33. Kaneya Panchamula (or Hraswa Panchamulam of Laghupanchamula). Trikantaka (Gokshura), Brihate, Kantakari Prithakparne and Vidarigandha (Salaparni). Kaneya Panchamula is Kashaya, Tikta and Madhura in Rasa (taste); it reduces Vata and ameliorates Pitta; it is Brimhana (tissue building) and increases strength (Balavardhanah). !34. Maha Panchamula (Brihat Panchamula) Bilwa, Agnimandha, Tuntuka (Syonaka), Patala and Kasmare. Maha Panchamulam is bitter (tikta), checks Kapha and Vata; it is Laghu in Paka; it promotes appetite and it is slightly swet in Rasa (Taste). !35. Dashamula Both the above Panchamulas (i.e) kaneya panchamula and Maha Panchamula mixed are called Dashamula. Dashamula (Gana) reduces Swasa (hard breathing), it checks Kapha, Pitta and Vayu; it digests ama-Dosha and it is curative of all Jwaras (fevers). !36. Valle Panchmula Vidari, Sariba, Rajane (Haridra), Guduchi, and Ajasringi. !37. Kantakapanchamula Karamanda, Trikantaka, (Gokshura), Saireyaka, Shatavari and Grindhranakhe. Both the above ganas (Valle Panchamula and Kantaka Panchamula are beneficial in Raktapitta and are useful in thre kinds of Sopha (ama, Pachyamana and Pakwa), Prameha and purify Sukra. Laghupanchamula and Mahapanchamula usually reduce Vata; Trinapanchamula reduces Pitta; the other two, namely, Vallepahchamula and Kantaka Panchamula, reduce Kapha. It should be understood that the substances in the groups (Ganas) may be altered, or individually used and variously combined according to the Dosha, or Doshas etc. existing individually or in various combinations in a person. !!

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www.sai-veda.eu!Vagbhata’s Classification of Drugs (31 Groups)!!!1. Vamanaoushadhagana Madana, Madhuka (Yashtimadhu), Lamba (Tumbe), Nimba, Bimbe, Visala (Indravarune), Trapusa, Kutaja, Morva, Devadale, Krimighna (Vidangam), Vidula (Jalavetasa). Dahana (Chitraka), Chitra (Moshikaparne), Kosavatyou (ghantalika, and Dhamargava), Karanja, Kana (Pippali), Lavana (Saindhavalavana) Vacha, Ela and Sarshapa are used as emetics. !2. Virechanaoushdhagana Nikumbha (Dante), Kumbha (Trivruth), Triphala, Gavakshe (Visala), Snuk, Sankhine (Yavatikta), Neline, Tilwaka (Rodhra), Samyaka (aragwadha), Kampillaka, Hemadugdha, (Swarnakshere), Dugdham (Milk), Motram (urine of cow etc) are used as purgatives. !3. Nirohana Dravyagana Madanaphala, Kutaja (Twak), Kushtam, Devadale, Madhukam, Vacha, Dashamula, (See page Susruta’s classification of drugs), Daru (Devadaru), Rasna, Yava, Misi (Satapushpa), Kritavedhanam (Dhamargava), Kuluththa, Madhu (honey), Lavanam (Saindhavam) and Trivruth are useful as ingredients of Nirohavasti. !4. Sershavirechaneyagana Vella (Vidanga), Apamarga, Vyosha (Trikatukam), Darve (Daruharidra), Surala (Sreshta Sarjarasa), Saireshabeja, Barhatabeja (Brihatibeja), Saigravambejam (Sigrubeja), Madhoka Sara (Madhupushpasara), Saindhavam, Tarkshyasailam (Sushkarasanjanam), Trutyou (Sokshma Ela and Sthola Ela), and Prithveka (Hingupatre) are used for Sershavirechana (Sodhana Nasya). !5. Vataharaganas Bhadradaru, Natam (Tagaram), Kushtam, Dashamulam (See page Susruta’s classification of drugs) and Baladwaya (Bala and Atibala) constitute Bhadradarwadigana. The Bhadradarwadigana, Veratarwadigana and the Vidaryadi gana (both of which follow) check Vayu. !6. Pittaharaganas Dorwa, Ananta (Yavasa), Nimba, Vasa, atmagupta (Kapikachchu), Gundra (Padrakaha), Abheru (Shatavari), Setapake (Kakanamtikabheda) and Priyangu (Syama) constitute Dorwadigana which checks Pitta. So also Saliparne and Prisniparne) Padmam (lotus), Vanyam (Kutannatam) and the Saribadi gana ameliorate pitta). !7. Kaphaharaganas aragwadhadi Gana, Arkadi Gana, Mushkakadi Gana, Asanadi Gana, Surasadi gana, Mustadi gana and Vatsakadi gana ameliorate Kapha Dosha. !8. Jevaneyadi Gana Jevanthe, Kakole, Ksherakakole, Meda, Mahameda, Mudgaparne, Mashaparne, Rishabhaka, Jevaka and Madhuka (Yashtimadhu) constitute Jevaneyadi gana. (The name of the gana itself implies that it confers vitality, (i.e., it is life-giving). !9. Vidaryadi Gana Vidari, Panchangula, (Eranda), Vrischikale (Meshasringe), Vrischeva (Kshudravarshabho), Devahvaya (Devadaru), two kinds of Sorpaparne (Mudgaparne and Masaparne), Kandokare (Kapikachoh) Jevana Panchamulam (Abheru, Vera, Jevante, Jevaka and Rishabhaka),

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Hraswapanchamulam (Brihate, Kantakare, Salaparne, Prisniparne and Gokshuraka), Gopasuta (Sariba) and Tripade (Hamsapade) constitute Vidyaryadi gana. The Vidaryadi gana is hridya (pleasing), Brimhana (tissue-builder), and it ameliorates Vata and Pitta besides checking Sosha (wasting), Gulma (tumour), Angamarda (bodily soreness), ordhwaswasa (a kind of hard-breathing), and Kasa (cough). !10. Saribadi Gana Sariba, Ushiram, Kasmarya, Madhoka, Sisiradwayam (Chandanam and Raktachandanam), Yashte (Yeshtimadhu) and Paroshakam constitute Saribadigana which ameliorate Daha (burning sensation), Pitta, Rakta (disorders of), thirst and Jwara (fever) !11. Padmakadi Gana Padmakam, Pundra (Prapoundarekam, Vriddhi, (Sravane), Tuga (Vamsalochana), Riddhi (Mahasravane), Sringe (Karkatasringe), Amrita (Gudoc he) and the drugs constituting Jewantyadi gana (aforesaid constitute Padmakadi gana. The ingredients of Padmakadi gana increase the breast-milk, ameliorate the vitiated Pitta, cause satisfaction (Prenana), promote life (Jevana) and build tissues (Brimhana); they are aphrodisiacs (Vrishya). !12. Paroshakadi Gana Paroshakam, Vara (Triphala), Draksha, Katphalam, Katakaphalam, Rajahvam (aragwadha), Dadimam, Saka (Kharachchadam) constitute Paroshakadi gana which ameliorates thirst, diseases pertaining to urine (Motramaya) and Vata. !13. Anjanadi Gana Anjanam (Srotonjanam or Souveranjanam), Phaline (Priyangu), Mamse (Krishnajata), Padmam (Lotus), Utpalam (Lily), Rasanjanam, Ela, Madhukam (Yashtimadhu), Nagahvam (Nagakesaram) constitute Anjanadi gana which ameliorates Visha (poison), Antardaha (internal burning sensation), and Pitta. !14. Patoladi Gana Patola, Katurohine, Chandanam, Madhusrava (Surange), Guduchi and Patha constitute Patoladi gana which checks Kapha, Pitta, Kushta, Jwara, Visha, Vami (Vomiting), Arochaka and Kamala (Jaundice). !15. Guduchyadi Gana Guduchi, Padmaka, Arista (Nimba), Dhanaka, (Dhanyaka) and Raktachandanam constitute Guduchyadi Gana which ameliorates Pitta, Kapha, Jwara, Vomiting, burning sensation, and thirst; it promotes appetite. !16. Aragwadhadi Gana arakwadha, Indrayava, Patali (Vasantha Dote), Kakatikta (Sarangeshta), Nimba, Amrita (Guduchi), Madhurasa (Morva), Sruva Vriksha (Vikamkata), Patha (Ambashta), Bhonimba, Sairyaka (Sahachara), Patola (Karanjayugma (Potekaranja and Naktamala), Saptachchada (Saptaparna). Agni (Chitraka), Sushave (Karave), Phala (Madanaphala), Bana (Sahachara) and Ghonta (Pogavisesha) constitute aragwadhadi gana which checks vomiting. Kushta, Visha, Jwara, Kapha, itching and Prameha; it purifies Dushta Vrana. !17. Asanadi Gana Asana (Peta Sala), Tinisa (Svadana), Bhorja, Swetavaha (Arjuna), Prakerya (Potikaranja), Khadira, Kadara (Swetasara), Bhande (Siresha), Sinsapa (Mandala-patrika), Meshasringe, Trihimam (Chandanam, Raktachandanam and Daruharidra), Tala (Tala), Palasa (Kinsuka), Jongaka (Agaru), Sakam (Varadaru), Sala, Kramuka (Poga), Dhava (Sakata), Kulinga (Sakrayava), Chagakarma and Aswakarna constitute Asanadi Gana which ameliorates Switra

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(leucoderma), Kushta, Kapha, Krimi (worms), Panduroga, Prameha and reduces Medodosha (obesity). !18. Varanadi Gana Varana, Sairyakayugma (Kuravaka and Kurantaka), Shatavari, Dahana (Chitraka), Morata (Morva), Bilwa, Vishanika (Ajasringe), Dwibrihate (Brihate and KantaKari), Dwikaranja (Potikaranja and Naktamala), Jayadwayam (Tarkare and Harethake), Bahalapallava (Sobhanjana), Darbha (Kusa) and Rujakara (Hitau) constitute Varanadi Gana which checks Kapha, Medas (fat), Por digestion (Mandagni), Vata (vitiated downwards), headache, Gulma, Bahyavidradhi and Antarvidradhi). !19. Oshakadi Gana oshaka (Kallara); Tuththakam (Kitiha), Hingu, Kasesadwaya (Pushpakasesam and Pansukasesam), Saindhavam, Silajatu constitute oshakadi Gana which checks Motrakrichra, Asma (calculus), Gulma, Medas (fat) and Kapha. !20. Verataradi Gana Vellantara (Veratara or Ushira), Aranika (Agnimandha), Boka (Easwara mallika), Vrisha (Vasa), Asmabheda (Pashanabheda), Gokantaka (Gokshura), Itkata, Saachara, Bana, Kasa, Vrikshadance, Nala, Kusadwaya (Sthola Darbha and Sokshma Darbha), Guntha (Vrintatrin) Gumdra (Pada Eraka), Bhalloka Syonaka), Mora, Kuranta (Sitivaraka), Karambha (Uttamarani), Partha (Suvarchala) constitute Verataradi gana. This Gana ameliorates diseases caused by vitiated Vata; it is, further, beneficial in Asmare (Caleulus), Sarkara (Sand in urine), Motrakrichra (Dysuria), Motraghate (Dribbling of urine etc., and pain in urinary organs. !21. Rodhradi Gana Rodhra, Savaraka Rodhra, Palasa (Sathe), Jingine (Krishnasalmale), Saralam (Devadaru), Katphalam, Kutsitamba (Kadamba), Kadale (Rambha), GatAshoka (Ashoka), Elavalu, Paripelavam (Kutannatam) and Mocha (Sallake) constitute Rodhradi gana which reduces fat, Kapha, Yonidosha (disorders of Yoni), and which is astringent, complexion giving and antipoisonous. !22. Arkadi Gana Arka, Alarka (White flowered variety of Arka, Nagadanty, Visalva (Langale), Bharge, Rasna, Vrishchikale (Ushtradhomaka), Prakerya (Karanjaka), Pratyakpushpe (Apamarga), Petataila (Kakadane), Udakerya (Karamja), Sweta Yagnam (Kinihi and Palinde) and Tapasavriksha (Ingude) constitute Arkadigana. Arkadi gana reduces Kapha, Medas (fat) and poison; it ameliorates Krimi, and Kushta; it purifies Vranas (ulcers) especially. !23. Surasadi Gana Surasayugma (Krishna Tulasi and Sweta Tulasi), Phanijjam (Marechaka), Kalamala (Krishhnarjaka), Vidangam. Kharabusa (Maruvaka), Vrishakarne (Moshikakarne), Katpharam Kasamarda, Kshavaka, Sarase (Tumbarapatrika), Bharge (Angaravale), Kamuka, (Raktamanjare), Kakamache, Kalahala (Alambusa), Vishamushti (Kuchila), Bhostrina (Atichatra), and Bhotakase (Mamse Putrachara) constitute Surasadigana which checks Kapha, Medas, Krimi, Pratisyaya, Aruchi, (Anorexia), Swasa (hard breathing), and Kasa (cough) and which purifies the Vras. !24. Mushkakadi Gana Mushkaka (Mokshaka), Snuk (Guda), Vara (Triphala) Dwepi (Chitraka), Palasa, Dhava and Sinsapa constitute Mushkakadigana which checks Gulma, Prameha, Asmare, Panduroga, Medas, Arsas (Piles), Kapha and Sukradosha. !

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!25. Vatsakadi Gana Vatsaka (Vanatiktaka, Morva, Bharge, Katuka (Katurohine), Maricham, Ghunapriya (Ativisha), Ganderam (Snuhe), Ela, Patha, Ajaje (Jerakam), Katvangaphalam (Aralukaphalam), Ajamoda (Depyaka), Siddhartha (Goura sarshapa), Vacha, Jeraka, Hingu, Vindangam, Pasugandha (Ajagandha), and Panchakolakam (Pippali, Pippalimola, Chavya, Chitraka and Sunthi) constitute Vatsakadigana which checks Vasta, Kapha and Medas, Penasa, Gulma, Jwara, Sols and Durnama. !26. Vachadi Gana Vacha, Jalada (Musta), Devawa (Kilimam), Nagara (Sunthi), Ativisha and Abhaya constitute Vachadigana. Haridra, Daruharidra, Yastyahwa (Yashtimadhu), Kalase (Prisniparne), and Kutajodbhava (Indrayava) constitute Haridradigana. Both Vachadigana and Haridradigana check amatesara. They are also useful in Medas, excessive Kapha, Vayu and impurities of breastmilk. !27. Privangwadi Gana Priyangu (Syama), Pushpanjanam (Retipushpam), Anjanayugmam (Srotanjanam and Souveranjanam), Padma (Padma charine), Padmadrajah (padmakesaram), Yojanavalle (Manjishta), Ananta (Yavasa), Manadruma (Salma le), Mocha rasa (Salmale Niryasa), Samanga (Namaskare), Punnaga (Tunga), Setham (Chandanam), Madaneyaketuh (Dhatake) constitute Priyangwadigana. !28. Ambashtadi Gana Ambashta (Mayorasikha), Madhukam (Yashtimadhu), Namaskare (Samanga), Nandevriksha (Prarohe), Palasa, Kachchura (Dhanvayasa), Rodhram, Dhatake, Bilwapesika, Katwanga (Syonaka), and Kamalodhbhavam Rajah (Padmakesaram) constitute Ambashtadigana. !Both Priyangwadigana and Ambashtadigana check Pakwatesara; they are Sandhaneya (cause union of fractures etc); they are beneficial in Pitta and cause healing of ulcers. !29. Mustadi Gana Musta, Vacha, Agni (Chitraka), Dwinisa (Haridra and Daruharidra), Dwitikta (Katurohine and Kakatikta), Bhallataka, Patha, Triphala, Vishakhya (Suklakanda), Kushtam, Trute (Ela), Haimavate (Swetavacha) constitute Mustadigana which are curative of disorders of Vulva (Yoniroga) and breastmilk and are digestive of Malas. !30. Nyagrodhadi Gana Nyagrodha (Vata), Pippala, (Aswattha), Sadaphala (Udumbara), Rodhrayugmam (Rodhara and Savara Rodhra), Jambodwaya (Raja Jambo and Kakajambo), Arjuna, Kapetana (Vanera), Somavalka (Sitasarakhadira), Plaksha, amra, Vanjula (Vetasa), Piyala, Palasa, Nande (Jayavriksha), Kole (Badare), Kadamba, Virala (Tinduke), Madhukam (Yashtimadhu) and Madhokam (Madhokapushpam) constitute Nyagrodhadigana. Nyagrodhadi Gana helps to heal the Vranas, is astringent and useful in fractures (Bhagnasadhanah); it also checks Medas, Pitta, Rakta, thirst, Daha (burning sensation) and Yoniroga. !31. Eladi Gana Elayugmam (Sokshmai Ela and Sthola Ela), Turuska (a kind of artificial gum), Kushtam, Phaline (Ganda-Priyangu), Mamse (Nalandam), Jalam (Hreberam), Dhyamakam (Devadagdhakam), Sprikka (Deve), Chouraka (Grandhiparne), Chocha (Twak), Patram (Gandhapatram), Tagaram (Chakram), Sthowneyam (Tailapetakam), Jaterasa (Bola), Sukti (Nakha), Vyagranakha, Amarahwam (Devadaru), Aguru, Srevasakam, Kunkumam, Chandana, Guggulu, Devadhopa

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(Sarjarasa), Khapura, (Kunduruka), Punnaga (Raktakesara), and Nagahwayam (Nagakesaram) constitute Eladigana. Eladigana reduces Vata, Kapha and Visha (Poison); it develops complexion of the body; it also cures itching. Pitika (elevated swellings like abscesses etc) and Kothas (red eruptions on skin). !!32. Syamnadi Gana Syama (Syamatrivrit), Dante (Chitra), Dravante (Undurukarnika), Kramuka (Pattikalodhra), Kutarane (Sukla), Sankhine (Yavatikta), Charmasahwa (Satala), Swarnakshere, Gavakshe, Sikhari (Apamarga), Rajanaka, Karanja, Bastantre (Vrishandha), Vyadhighata (Kritamala), Bahalabahurasa (Ikshu) and Tekshnavrikshaphala (Peluphala) constitute Syamadi gana. Yamadi checks Gulma, Visha (Poison), Aruchi (Anorexia), Kapha, Hridriga and Motrakrichra (Dysuria). !!!!!

!

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!Times of Drug Administration !Abhakta (empty stomach) Disorders of K vriddhi !Prakbhakta (before meals) Apana disorders To reduce fat To tone up intestinal muscles !Madhya bhakta (during meals) Samana disorders P type gastric disorders !Adhobhakta (after meals) Vyana disorders Udana disorders For brimhana purpose !Sama bhakta (mixed with food) Anorexia Children diseases For weak patients !Antar bhakta (between 2 meals) Vyana disorders For strong persons !Samugdha (before & after meals) Tremors Trembling !Muhuh muhuh (repeatedly) Dyspnoea Cough Hiccough Thirst Vomiting Sever diarrhea Poisoning !Sagrasa (with 1st morsel) Prana disorders For deepana purpose For vajeekarana Grasantara (between morsels) Prana disorders Heart disease !Nisha (at bedtime) Disease of Head, Mouth, Ear, Nose, Eye, Throat !!

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