SONAMARG DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, J & K TOURISM Pre...

SONAMARG DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, J & K TOURISM

Pre Feasibility Report of Proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing, Disposal & Management Facility for Sonamarg Town & Amarnath Yatra at Village Sarbal, Sonamarg, District: Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir.

FEBRUARY 2016

Kadam

Environmental Consultants w w w . k a d a m e n v i r o . c o m

Envi ronmentfor Deve lopment

M/S. SONAMARG DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING, DISPOSAL & DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR SONAMARG TOWN & AMARNATH YATRA AT

VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. CONTENTS

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 I

M/S. SONMARG DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Pre-Feasibility Report - Environmental Clearance for Proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility for Sonamarg Town & Amarnath Yatra at Village Sarbal, Sonamarg, District: Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir. © Kadam Environmental Consultants (‘Kadam’), February, 2016

This report is released for the use of the M/s. Sonamarg Development Authority, Regulators and relevant stakeholders solely as part of the subject project’s Environmental Clearance process. Information provided (unless attributed to referenced third parties) is otherwise copyrighted and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Kadam.

PROJECT DETAILS

Name of Publication

Pre-Feasibility Report for Environmental Clearance of Proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility for Sonamarg Town & Amarnath Yatra at Village

Sarbal, Sonamarg, District: Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir.

Project Number

1314363706 Report No. 1 Version 1 Released February,

2016

Prepared & Managed By

Ishita Garg Released By J.A Rathi

Anand Kunte

CONTACT DETAILS

Vadodara (Head Office)

871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010.

E: [email protected]; T:+91-265-3001000; F: +91-265-3001069

Delhi / NCR

Spaze IT Park, Unit No. 1124, IIth Floor, Tower B3, Sector 49, Near Omaxe City Centre Mall, Sohna Road, Gurgaon, Haryana, INDIA - 122002.

E: [email protected]; T: +91-124-4242430 to 436; F:+91-124-4242433

DISCLAIMER

Kadam has taken all reasonable precautions in the preparation of this report as per its auditable quality plan. Kadam also believes that the facts presented in the report are accurate as on the date it was written. However, it is impossible to dismiss absolutely, the possibility of errors or omissions. Kadam therefore

specifically disclaims any liability resulting from the use or application of the information contained in this report. The information is not intended to serve as legal advice related to the individual situation.




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 II

CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 1

1.1 PLANT FEATURES .................................................................................. 1

1.1.1 Infrastructure .............................................................................. 1

1.1.2 Utility ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... 1

1.3 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 1

2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT ........................................................... 2

2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT .......................................... 2

2.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE OF THE PROJECT: ................................................. 2 2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY AND OR REGION ................ 2

2.4 DEMAND SUPPLY GAP ............................................................................. 2

2.5 IMPORTS VS. INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION .......................................................... 2

2.6 EXPORT POSSIBILITY .............................................................................. 3

2.7 DOMESTIC/EXPORT MARKETS ..................................................................... 3

2.8 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION (DIRECT AND INDIRECT) DUE TO THE PROJECT........................ 3

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 4

3.1 TYPE OF PROJECT INCLUDING INTERLINKED AND INTERDEPENDENT PROJECTS, IF ANY ............. 4

3.2 LOCATION (MAP SHOWING GENERAL LOCATION, SPECIFIC LOCATION AND PROJECT BOUNDARY &

PROJECT LAYOUT) WITH CO-ORDINATES................................................................... 4

3.3 DETAILS OF ALTERNATE SITES CONSIDERED ...................................................... 4

3.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF THE OPERATIONS ........................................................ 4

3.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION WITH PROCESS DETAILS (SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM/ FLOWCHART SHOWING THE

PROJECT LAYOUT, COMPONENTS OF PROJECT ETC. SHOULD BE GIVEN) ..................................... 4 3.5.1 Waste generation ......................................................................... 5

3.5.2 Process Description ....................................................................... 8

3.5.3 Leachate Generation .................................................................... 11

3.6 RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED ALONG WITH ESTIMATED QUANTITY, LIKELY SOURCE, MARKETING AREA

OF FINAL PRODUCTS, MODE OF TRANSPORT OF RAW MATERIAL AND FINISHED PRODUCT ................. 11

3.7 RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION/RECYCLING AND REUSE ENVISAGED IN THE PROJECT, IF ANY, SHOULD BE

BRIEFLY OUTLINED ...................................................................................... 12

3.8 AVAILABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES, ENERGY/POWER REQUIREMENT AND SOURCE SHOULD BE

GIVEN 12

3.8.1 Power Requirement ..................................................................... 12

3.8.2 Fuel Requirement ....................................................................... 12

3.8.3 Water Requirement ..................................................................... 12

3.9 QUANTITY OF WASTES TO BE GENERATED (LIQUID AND SOLID) AND SCHEME FOR THEIR

MANAGEMENT/DISPOSAL ................................................................................ 13

3.9.1 Leachate Generation and treatment: ................................................. 13

3.9.2 Hazardous Waste Generation .......................................................... 13

3.10 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE FEASIBILITY DRAWING WHICH GIVE INFORMATION OF EIA

PURPOSE. 14

4 SITE ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 15




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 III

4.1 CONNECTIVITY .................................................................................. 15

4.1.1 By Road .................................................................................. 15

4.1.2 By Air ..................................................................................... 15

4.1.3 By Rail .................................................................................... 15

4.2 LAND FORM, LAND USE AND LAND OWNERSHIP ................................................. 15

4.3 TOPOGRAPHY (ALONG WITH MAP) ............................................................... 15

4.4 EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN (AGRICULTURE, NON-AGRICULTURE, FOREST, WATER BODIES

(INCLUDING AREA UNDER CRZ), SHORTEST DISTANCES FROM THE PERIPHERY OF THE PROJECT TO

PERIPHERY OF THE FOREST, NATIONAL PARK, WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, ECO SENSITIVE AREAS, WATER BODIES

(DISTANCE FROM THE HFL OF THE RIVER), CRZ. IN CASE OF NOTIFIED INDUSTRIAL AREA, A COPY OF THE

GAZETTE NOTIFICATION SHOULD BE GIVEN ............................................................. 15

4.4.1 Water Bodies ............................................................................ 15

4.4.2 Forests ................................................................................... 15

4.5 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................... 16

4.5.1 Defense Installation .................................................................... 16

4.5.2 Religious Place .......................................................................... 16

4.6 SOIL CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................... 16

4.7 CLIMATIC DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES .................................................... 16

4.8 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................... 16

4.8.1 Health & Education ..................................................................... 16

4.8.2 Fire & Emergency ....................................................................... 16

5 PLANNING BRIEF .............................................................................. 17

5.1 PLANNING CONCEPT (TYPE OF INDUSTRIES, FACILITIES, TRANSPORTATION ETC) TOWN AND

COUNTRY PLANNING/ DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CLASSIFICATION ..................................... 17

5.2 POPULATION PROJECTION ....................................................................... 17

5.3 LANDUSE PLANNING (BREAKUP ALONG WITH GREENBELT ETC.) .................................. 17

5.4 ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND (PHYSICAL & SOCIAL) ............................. 18

5.5 AMENITIES/FACILITIES .......................................................................... 18

6 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................. 19

6.1 PROCESSING AREA .............................................................................. 19

6.2 NON-PROCESSING AREA ........................................................................ 19

6.3 EQUIPMENT LIST ................................................................................ 19

6.4 GREEN BELT .................................................................................... 20

6.5 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................... 20

6.6 CONNECTIVITY (TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ROAD/ RAIL/METRO/WATER WAYS ETC) ........ 20

6.7 DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT (SOURCE &SUPPLY OF WATER) ............................... 20

6.8 SEWAGE SYSTEM ................................................................................ 20

6.9 SOLID & INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT .................................................... 20

6.10 POWER REQUIREMENT & SUPPLY/ SOURCE ................................................... 20

7 REHABLITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R & R) PLAN .................................... 21

7.1 POLICY TO BE ADAPTED (CENTRAL /STATE) IN RESPECT OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

INCLUDING HOME OUTSEE, LAND OUTSEE AND LANDLESS LABOURERS ................................... 21

8 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATE ............................................. 22




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 IV

8.1 LIKELY DATE OF START OF CONSTRUCTION AND LIKELY DATA OF COMPLETION (TIME SCHEDULE FOR

THE PROJECT TO BE GIVEN) ............................................................................. 22

8.2 ESTIMATES PROJECT COST ALONG WITH ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE

PROJECT ................................................................................................ 24

9 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS) ..................... 25

9.1 FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE BENEFIT TO THE LOCAL PEOPLE

INCLUDING TRIBAL POPULATION, IF ANY, IN THE AREA. .................................................. 25




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 V

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-2: Flow-diagram for MSW .................................................................... 5

Figure 3-3: Waste Characterization .................................................................... 7

Figure 3-4: Compositing process ....................................................................... 9

Figure 3-5: Water balance for Operational Phase (All values in KLD) ........................... 13




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 VI

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Co-ordinates of Project Boundary ......................................................... 4

Table 3-2: Waste Quantification and Projection ...................................................... 5

Table 3-3: Month Wise Waste Generation for year 2016 ............................................ 6

Table 3-4: Waste Segregation .......................................................................... 7

Table 3-5: Waste Generation summary ............................................................... 7

Table 3-6: Estimated Volume of Landfill ............................................................ 11

Table 3-7: Water balance for operation phase ..................................................... 12

Table 4-1: Distance of religious place from the site ............................................... 16

Table 5-1: Population projection ..................................................................... 17

Table 5-2: Land area breakup ........................................................................ 17

Table 6-1: List of Equipments ........................................................................ 19

Table 8-1: Project Implementation Schedule ....................................................... 23

Table 8-2: Project Cost ................................................................................ 24




KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 VII

LIST OF ANNEXURE

Annexure 1: Approval from Forest Department for Use of forest land ………………………………………26

Annexure 2: Google image of the project site location ............................................ 27

Annexure 3: Project Boundary Map .................................................................. 28

Annexure 4: Site Layout Map ......................................................................... 29



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 VIII

ABBREVIATIONS

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA : Environmental Protection Act

EC : Environment Clearance

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forest

dB : Decibels

HSD : High Speed Diesel

KEC : Kadam Environmental Consultants

OH&EMS : Occupational Health & Environment Management System

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment’s

ToR : Terms of Reference

PUC : Pollution Under Control

NH : National Highway

NP : National Parks

T&CP : Town and Country Planning

WLS : Wild Life Sanctuary

SOI : Survey of India

GOI : Government of India

GSI : Geological Survey of India



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | FEBRUARY, 2016 1

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Plant Features

M/s Sonamarg Development Authority proposes an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing, Disposal & Management Facility for collection and disposal of solid waste generated from Sonamarg town and on the routé from Sonamarg to holy cave during Amarnath Yatra.

The proposed site is a barren forest land with an area of 9,500 sqm. Approx 2,322 sqm (24%) of total plot area will be covered under green belt. Total cost of the project will be approx. INR 24 Cr based on present rates.

1.1.1 Infrastructure

The project will consist of Compost plant, Recyclable segregation facility, Secured Landfill, Leachate treatment and reuse facility at Village Sarbal, District Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir. Additionally, compost plant at Panchtarni base camp is also proposed.

1.1.2 Utility

Power: The expected demand for the proposed project is 1050 KVA which shall be supplied by Power Development Department.

One DG set of 50 kVA will be installed for admin building at site and 1x50 KVA capacity DG set will be installed at base camp for running compost plant during yatra period only.

Water: Total water requirement for the proposed project is 25 KLD and will be sourced from Sind River.

1.2 Environment

Environmental issues associated with proposed MSW project includes:

Air emissions: During Operation Phase, odour, HC’s and generation of methane gas are envisaged.

Wastewater: Domestic sewage will be disposed to soak pit via septic tank. Quantity of leachate generated will be 10 KLD which will be treated in leachate treatment plant.

Hazardous Waste: No hazardous waste generation except used oil from DG sets is envisaged from the project.

1.3 Conclusion

The proposed project will provide a scientific management and disposal of solid waste thus maintaining the environment and aesthetic beauty of the place.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. INTRODUCTION


2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Identification of Project and project Proponent

As per the EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006, as amended till date, the proposed Integrated MSW project falls under category 7(i), Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF), under Category B” but it is to be assessed as Category “A” due to applicability of General Conditions (Project falls within 10 kms of protected area notified under Wild life Protection Act, 1972).

The proposed project will be developed by Sonamarg Development Authority (SDA).

2.2 Brief description of nature of the project:

Sonamarg, a world famous tourist destination, has remained center of tourist attraction since ages. It has also attained a significant importance over last six years due to Holy Amarnath Yatra where large numbers of yatris go via Sonamarg in month of June, July &August. During these three months, solid waste contribution from tourism activity increases significantly.

The proposed project is an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing, Disposal & Management Facility for collection and disposal of solid waste generated from Sonamarg town and on the routé from Sonamarg to holy cave during Amarnath Yatra. The project will consist of Compost plant, Recyclable segregation facility, Secured Landfill, Leachate treatment and reuse facility at Village Sarbal, District Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir. Additionally, one compost plant at Panchtarni base camps is also proposed.

2.3 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and or Region

The existing solid waste management facility practices unscientific dumping of mixed waste (biodegradable, recyclable, inert) in a pit without liners. This may lead to land pollution and leaching of contaminated water may lead to ground water pollution.

The Supreme Court vide Suo Motu writ petition (civil) No. 284 of 2012 has constituted a special high powered committee (SHPC) and directed to identify the sites for landfill facility as per the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, in consultation with the SPCB.

This project will help in improvising present solid waste collection mechanism and will provide systematically SWM facility leading to proper disposal of waste.

The proposed project will help in maintaining the aesthetic beauty of the place.

2.4 Demand Supply Gap

Due to increase in tourist number and Amaranth Yatra, generation of solid waste in Sonamarg town has increased tremendously. At present, there is no proper solid waste management facility available resulting in littering of wastes all over. Hence, to preserve environment & esthetic beauty of the place, well managed solid waste segregation and disposal facility is need of the hour.

2.5 Imports vs. Indigenous Production

Not applicable



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. INTRODUCTION


2.6 Export Possibility

Not applicable

2.7 Domestic/Export Markets

Not applicable

2.8 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the project

During construction phase around 50 unskilled labourers (male & female) will be involved. In operation phase around 25 skilled and semiskilled persons are expected to get direct employment at the project site and around 100 unskilled workers will get indirect employment for collection and segregation of the solid waste.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROJECT

DESCRIPTION


3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Type of Project including interlinked and interdependent projects, if any

Proposed project is an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing, Disposal & Management Facility. The project will consist of secured landfill facility, compost plant, leachate treatment plant at site and in-vessel compost plant at Panchatarni base camp.

3.2 Location (map showing general location, specific location and project boundary & project layout) with co-ordinates

The proposed project is located at Village Sarbal, Sonamarg Town, District Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir.

Location map showing general & specific location of proposed project is given in Annexure 2 and project boundary map is given in Annexure 3. The co-ordinates of the project site are given in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Co-ordinates of Project Boundary Code Latitude Longitude

1 34°16'30.96"N 75°21'9.97"E

2 34°16'27.84"N 75°21'11.75"E

3 34°16'26.68"N 75°21'9.36"E

4 34°16'28.27"N 75°21'8.27"E

5 34°16'27.85"N 75°21'7.37"E

6 34°16'29.25"N 75°21'6.44"E

3.3 Details of Alternate Sites Considered

Due to hilly terrain, there is paucity of flat land in the area. The selected site is comparatively flat and is already being used for disposal of solid waste. Hence, no alternate site was considered.

3.4 Size or Magnitude of the Operations

The proposed project will be designed over a land of 9,500 sqm.

The landfill will be designed for a period of 10 years on an area of 2,455 sqm. The design capacity of landfill is 1100 ton/year.

Area required for compost plant (10 TPD capacity) at site is 1,813 sqm. Capacity of Compost plant at base camp will be 3 TPD.

3.5 Project Description with process details (Schematic diagram/ flowchart showing the project layout, components of project etc. should be given)

Sonamarg is famous tourist spot, well known for Amarnath Yatra which takes place during the month of Sawan i.e. June to August. During this period, huge number yatris reach this place to visit the holy shrine. The population of pilgrim tourist goes above 5 lakh and is concentrated mainly on the 29km long track from Sonamarg to Holy cave. Therefore, the project will be focused to design integrated waste management facility for following two types of waste:




DESCRIPTION


Type A: Waste from Sonamarg Town Type B: Waste from road between Sonamarg and Holy cave along with intermediate camps

The proposed project will involve collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of type B waste considering 2 months operation period (July and August) per year since the road remains closed for remaining year. SWM plan for Type A waste shall be designed for eight months operation in a year and will include non pilgrim tourist and local residents.

The waste from base camp will be collected and treated in organic waste composter of 3 TPD capacity. All other waste will be taken to landfill site.

Flow diagram of different source of waste generation and their collection is presented Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Flow-diagram for MSW

3.5.1 Waste generation

Waste generation has been calculated for year 2016 and similar projection is made for year 2026 and 2036 in this section.

Type A waste will comprise of waste from residential, commercial, institutional, park, hotels, street sweeping, STP sludge and pony waste.

Type B waste will include waste from pilgrims, street sweeping and additional pony waste.

Details of quantification of waste and projection are given in Table 3-2 .

Table 3-2: Waste Quantification and Projection

S. No

Source of Waste

2016 2026 2036

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

Type A waste

1. Residential

Area 5,673 2.27 6,915 2.77 8,430 3.37

2. Commercial

Area 100 0.15 180 0.27 326 0.49




DESCRIPTION


S. No

Source of Waste

2016 2026 2036

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

No Waste

Generation (TPD)

3. Institutional

Area 100 0.02 122 0.02 149 0.03

4. Recreational Area (park)

- 0.14 0.17 0.20

5. Hotels 7,37,581 4.97 9,36,822 6.31 11,89,985 8.05

6. Street

Sweeping 5,673 0.71 6,915 0.86 8,430 1.05

7. STP Sludge 0.05 0.07 0.08

8. Pony waste

(for 12 months)

1,000 5 1,270 6.35 1,613 8.1

Type B waste 9. Pigrims 7,800 4.59 7,800 4.59 7,800 4.59

10. Street

Sweeping - 0.4 0.4 0.4

11.

Pony waste (additional

ponies during yatra

period)

1,000 5 1,000 5 1,000 5

Quantity of waste generation will differ monthly. Month wise generation of waste is provided in Table 3-3 considering following assumptions: Residential population- 2% of total population in month of Nov-Feb and 100% in remaining

months. Tourist population- 70% in month of Jun-Aug, 26% in Apr, May & Sep, 2% in Oct-March. Pilgrim population- For 2 months (Jul & Aug). Pony- Varies as per tourist population. Additional 1000 ponies during Yatra period.

Table 3-3: Month Wise Waste Generation for year 2016

Month Type A Waste (TPD) Type B Waste (TPD) Total Waste

(TPD) Residential Tourist Pony Pilgrim Pony

Jan 0.1 0.40 0.1 - - 0.6

Feb 0.1 0.40 0.1 - - 0.6

Mar 3.3 0.40 0.1 - - 3.8

Apr 3.3 5.18 5.0 - - 13.5

May 3.3 5.18 5.0 - - 13.5

Jun 3.3 13.81 5.0 - - 22.1

Jul 3.3 13.81 5.0 5.0 5.0 32.1

Aug 3.3 13.81 5.0 5.0 5.0 32.1

Sep 3.3 5.18 5.0 - - 13.5

Oct 3.3 0.39 0.1 - - 3.8

Nov 0.1 0.39 0.1 - - 0.6

Dec 0.1 0.39 0.1 - - 0.6

Average 2.25 4.94 2.55 0.83 0.83 11.40




DESCRIPTION


The waste generated will be segregated as given in Figure 3-2 and quantification is given in Table 3-4.

Figure 3-2: Waste Characterization

Table 3-4: Waste Segregation S. No Description Quantity (MT/Annum)

1. Total waste generation 4,212

2. Biodegradable waste for compositing (45%) 2,577.8

3. Reject from processing (15%) 386.7

4. Recycle waste (35%) 1,039.9

5. Inerts (20%) 594.2

6. Waste to Landfill (3+5) 980.9

Summary of waste generation is given below Table 3-5.

Table 3-5: Waste Generation summary

S. No Particulars Details

1. Total area 9500 sqm

2. Waste for compositing 10 tons/day

3. Waste disposed to landfill 1100 tons/yr

4. Total waste disposed at landfill (upto year 2026) 11000 tons

5. Life span of landfill 10 years




DESCRIPTION


3.5.2 Process Description

From the waste characterization diagram, type B waste will consist of biodegradable waste, recycled waste and inert waste.

The recycled waste will be segregated before composting and will be given to the recycler. The organic waste will be composted through in-vessel composting system while, inert waste will be disposed directly to landfill site.

There are numerous technologies available for treatment of organic waste, however due to cold climate; in-vessel composting system will be adopted.

Composting Process

Composting is an organized method of producing compost manure by adopting natural phenomenon. It is a biological treatment method involving micro-organisms which decompose the biodegradable components of waste. Compost is particularly useful as organic manure because it contains plant nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) as well as micro nutrients which can be utilized for the growth of plants.

Composting can be carried out in two ways i.e. aerobically and anaerobically. In aerobic composting, the aerobic micro-organisms oxidize organic compounds to Carbon dioxide, Nitrite and Nitrate. Carbon from organic compounds is used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled. Due to exothermic reaction, temperature of the composting mass increases. The temperature of compost heap will reach 70°C within 6 to10 days, and slowly cool off back to ambient temperatures as the biological decomposition is completed. In anaerobic process, the anaerobic micro-organisms, while metabolizing the nutrients, break down the organic compounds through a process of reduction. A very small amount of energy is released during the process and the temperature of composting mass does not rise too much.

Turning of the material mixes the different components and aerates the mixture and a proper carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio of 26-31) in the organic matter leads to complete and rapid composting. The composting process generally takes 17 to 180 days period to complete. Composting can be carried out by the following techniques:

Open or Windrow composting - This done out of doors in areas where higher ambient temperatures are available. This type of composting is done with simple equipment and is a slower process;

Enclosed system composting, where the composting is performed in some enclosure (e.g., a tank, a box, a container or a vessel).

In-Vessel Compositing In-vessel composting vessel is a double-walled tunnel (stainless steel interior, burnished steel exterior) insulated to control the heat produced when organic materials decompose. Oxygen in the vessel is maintained at 17%. In the mixing zones, specially designed spinners throw the waste forward to ensure it is well mixed and aerated. Air is continuously drawn out of the composter in order to maintain a negative pressure. This prevents air from escaping from the vessel and ensures that all exhausted air is passed through a bio filter to remove contaminants and odour. After retention time of 14-28 days in the vessel, the finished compost is removed from the vessel and filtered on a shaker screen. One compositing plant of 10 TPD capacity for 10 yrs will be installed at site. The process is described in Figure 3-3.




DESCRIPTION


Figure 3-3: Compositing process

During Yatra period, waste generated from Baltal base camp will be collected and transported to proposed landfill facility for further treatment, while waste from Panchatarni base camp will be segregated at source and further will be processed into the small organic waste converter of capacity of 3 TPD.

Organic Waste Composter

The waste is chopped, cut, fluidized and homogenized with appropriate bio-culture and organic media like shredded dried horticulture waste, saw dust, ready manure or any other similar type of organic media to absorb excess moisture and make it free flow. The excess moisture is controlled during homogenization process in OWC machine with the use of organic media. The treated waste does not have bad odour and does not attract birds and animals. The OWC operation is a 15 - 30 minutes batch cycle. The output from OWC machine is called “Raw Compost” having uniform coloured and soil structured coarse powder, free of bad odour. The microbial culture and the homogenizing action in OWC machine accelerates the composting cycle.

The raw compost is collected in aerated crates and kept in curing rack. Due to thermophylic composting process the temperature of the raw compost rises above 60 C. In order to maintain ・

the temperature around 60 C・ the moisture is sprayed through fogging system on the material during the curing cycle. 1st day no moisture is provided. Next 7 days 4 to 5 times a day moisture is given with an interval of 3 to 4 hours (with a spraying duration of 40 to 50 seconds at a time) depending upon the climatic conditions of particular location. After seven days, manure is left for drying for 2 days.

After 10 days, manure is partly used again as an absorbent for the process. Repeated operations are to be followed. Remaining manure is to be kept in storage area to reduce moisture percentage upto 25-30% for first 20 days. Then can be used in garden/landscaping/agriculture etc.

The OWC System can offer several advantages viz.




DESCRIPTION


Clean and Eco Friendly treatment of Organic Waste at the Decentralized Community Level. Homogenized Odour Free output in 10 to 15 minutes of processing in OWC machine.

Matured Compost in just 10 to 15 days using Excel’s Curing System. Easy to handle. Do not attract flies, mosquitoes, rats, animals and birds.

Reduce long distance transportation of Organic fraction of MSW.

Land fill

Landfill is the last process for the safe disposal of inorganic waste generate from the town. The ‘life’ of a sanitary landfill (SLF) will comprise of an ‘active’ period and a ‘closure and post closure’ period. The ‘active’ period may typically range from 20 to 25 years depending on the availability of land area. The ‘closure and post-closure’ period for which a sanitary landfill will be monitored and maintained will be 25 years. In the proposed project, the life of sanitary landfill site is considered as 10 years having area of landfill structure is 2450 sqm.

The layout of landfill will comprise of following layers:

Bottom liner

90 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil (to be laid in 3 layers of thickness 30 cm each), above compacted sub-base.

HDPE1 Geo-membrane of minimum thickness 1.5 mm would be laid above compacted clay liner

Geo-textile layer above HDPE layer.

Drainage Layer

30 cm thick Leachate drainage to be laid on entire bottom surface above geo textile layer in 3 layers as:

o 10 cm thick layer of gravels of size 22 to 32 mm o 10 cm thick layer of stone chips of size 16 – 22 mm o 10 cm thick layer of coarse sand of size 0-5 mm

Geo-textile layer above drainage layers.

Leachate Drain

Cushion layer of suitable thickness & consisting of sand, cement & bentonite mixture (94 : 3 : 3 respectively) may be provided, if required.

300 mm HDPE pipe

10 mm diameter holes would be made @ 50 mm c/c staggered spacing in the top 2/3rd of perimeter of leachate collection pipe.

The 200 GSM geo-textile has to be laid over HDPE pipe and extended by 1 m in both directions (perpendicular to length of pipe) to prevent clogging of slots by drainage material / other solids.

Over HDPE pipe covered with geo-textile, gravels in size of 16 mm to 32 mm to be laid uniformly.

Top Liner System (At the time of closure of landfill)

15 cm thick gas collection layer has to be provided, above the waste body, in the form of stone chips of size 16 – 22 mm.

Passive Vents of 1.5 m height above top surface of vegetative cover.




DESCRIPTION


60 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil (to be laid in 2 layers of thickness 30 cm each), above compacted sub-base.

1.5mm thick HDPE membrane to be provided and if required additional 200 GSM geotextile to be provided.

30 cm thick drainage layer consisting of stone chips & coarse sand.

60 cm fertile soil cover for vegetation to be laid in two layers, the bottom layer to be compacted mildly and the top layer to be kept loose for growing vegetation.

Vegetation cover with grass, shrubs etc. having root length less than 30 cm.

Design of Landfill

The volume of the landfill has been estimated based on the topography of the site. Maximum height that can be achieved is estimated as 4.5m. The details are provided in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6: Estimated Volume of Landfill

S. No Description 2017 – 2026 (10 years)

1. Average Tonnage of waste disposed off at Landfill Site (Tonnes per year) in

cu.m 1100

2. Total Tonnage of waste disposed off at landfill site in cu.m 11000

3. Density of waste considered 0.85 Tonnes per cu.m 0.85

4. Total Volume of waste to be disposed in cum 12941

5. Volume of Daily Cover - 5% in cu.m 647

6. Volume of Liner and Cover System - 12.5% in cu.m 1618

7. Volume likely to become available due to settlement - 10% in cu.m 1294

8. First Estimate of landfill Volume required in cu.m 13912

9. Providing Surface area in Sq.m 2455

10. Considering 44% waste dumped below G.L. in MT 6121

11. Required Depth below G.L. in m 2.5

12. Required Slope below G.L. in m 2.5

13. Considering 56% of waste dumped above G.L. 7784

14. Considering Height of Landfill in m (Height of retaining wall above GL) 3.5

15. Number of Phases 10

3.5.3 Leachate Generation

Quantity of leachate generated will be 10.0KLD from the proposed facility which will be treated in leachate treatment plant.

3.6 Raw Materials required along with estimated quantity, likely source, marketing area of final products, mode of transport of raw material and finished product

Not applicable as the proposed project is a Municipal Landfill site.




DESCRIPTION


3.7 Resource optimization/recycling and reuse envisaged in the project, if any, should be briefly outlined

Not applicable as the proposed project is a Municipal Landfill site.

3.8 Availability of water resources, Energy/Power requirement and source should be given

3.8.1 Power Requirement

The expected demand for the proposed project is 1050 KVA which shall be supplied by Power Development Department.

Details of DG sets: 1x50 KVA at site for admin building + 1x50 kVA at base camp (during yatra period only).

3.8.2 Fuel Requirement

Low sulphur diesel (10 lit/hr) for DG set.

3.8.3 Water Requirement

The source of water supply will be Sind River near to site. During construction phase, freshwater requirement will be 6.0 KLD. During operation phase, fresh water requirement will be 25 KLD as given in Table 3-7 and water balance is shown in




DESCRIPTION


Figure 3-4.

Table 3-7: Water balance for operation phase

S. No. Description Fresh Water Requirement

(KLD)

Total Water Requirement

(KLD)

Waste water generation

(KLD)

1 Employee -25 (45 LPCD) 1.13 1.13 0.9

2 Tyre washing 3 3 3

3 Dust suppression 4.5 4.5 -

4 Horticulture-2322 m2 (@2.8 lit/sqm) 6.5 6.5 -

5 Composting 10.0 10.0 -

Total 25 25 4.0




DESCRIPTION


Figure 3-4: Water balance for Operational Phase (All values in KLD)

3.9 Quantity of wastes to be generated (liquid and solid) and scheme for their Management/disposal

3.9.1 Leachate Generation and treatment:

Quantity of leachate generated from vehicle washing area, domestic wastewater and landfill will be 10 KLD which will be treated in leachate treatment plant. The treatment includes primary, biological and tertiary treatment. In primary treatment, lime and alum with or without poly dosing is added to remove suspended and colloidal solids. The secondary or biological treatment includes removal of organic matter i.e. COD, BOD by using MBBR/MBR/surface aerator or diffuser system. Biological sludge will be settled into tube settler or clarifier and will be re-circulated again into the aeration system. The treated effluent from biological system will further require NaOCl dosing for removal of residual matter. The Pressure sand filter or activated carbon filter will be used to remove solids and finally water can be disposed as per disposal norms. The sludge will be dewatered into the drying bed or filter press and will be disposed to landfill facility. The treated leachate will either be used for gardening or sent to nearest STP plant for further treatment and disposal.

3.9.2 Hazardous Waste Generation

Used oil (category 5.1) generated from DG sets will be collected & sent to authorized recyclers.




DESCRIPTION


3.10 Schematic representation of the feasibility drawing which give information of EIA Purpose.

Landfill Site Solid Waste

Odour, HC, Methane Gas

Leachate

Leachate Treatment Plant



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. SITE ANALYSIS


4 SITE ANALYSIS

4.1 Connectivity

4.1.1 By Road

Approach road is 75 m in S direction and Srinagar-Ladakh highway (NH-1D) is 250 m from site in N direction.

4.1.2 By Air

Nearest airport from project site is Srinagar International Airport located at an aerial distance of~63 km in SW direction.

4.1.3 By Rail

Nearest Railway Station is Srinagar railway station at an aerial distance of ~55 km in SW direction.

4.2 Land Form, Land Use and Land ownership

The land currently is a barren land and belongs to the forest department, Jammu & Kashmir.

Sonamarg Development Authority (SDA) has obtained approval from forest department for development of landfill site on forest land. The letter of approval is attached at Annexure 1.

4.3 Topography (along with map)

The area represents Himalayan characteristics of topography and geomorphology. The area is high hills and river streams flowing through valleys. The site is located at the toe of the hill. The slope above the site is a valley filled bordered by steep inward dipping rocks (slates).

Toposheet of the area is not available due to security reasons.

4.4 Existing land use pattern (agriculture, non-agriculture, forest, water bodies (including area under CRZ), shortest distances from the periphery of the project to periphery of the forest, national park, wild life sanctuary, eco sensitive areas, water bodies (distance from the HFL of the river), CRZ. In case of notified industrial area, a copy of the Gazette Notification should be given

The proposed site is a forest land and is currently barren.

4.4.1 Water Bodies

Sindh River is ~ 80 m from site in South direction.

4.4.2 Forests

The project site falls within Thajiwas (Baltal) Wildlife Sanctuary.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. SITE ANALYSIS


4.5 Existing Infrastructure

The proposed site is barren with no infrastructure. The site is currently used for dumping of solid waste.

4.5.1 Defense Installation

Army Camp at Baltal is ~6.0 km in SE direction and Army camp at Sonamarg is ~6.0 km in NW direction.

4.5.2 Religious Place

Table 4-1: Distance of religious place from the site S.No. Area Location Dist. In KM Dir.

1 Amarnath Temple Amarnath ~ 20 km E

2 Jamia Masjid, Sonamarg Sonamarg ~5.7 KM NW

4.6 Soil Classification

In the regions of Jammu and Kashmir the soils are loamy and there is little clay content in them. Poor in lime but with a high content of magnesia, the soil is treated with chemical fertilisers and enriched with green manure and legume before cultivation. There is sufficient organic matter and nitrogen content in the alluvium of the Kashmir valley as a result of plant residue, crops stubble, natural vegetation and animal excretion. The valley of Kashmir has many types of soils like: Gurti (clay), Bahil (Loam), Sekil (Sandy), Nambaal (Peats), Surzamin, Lemb, Floating garden soils and Karewa soils.

4.7 Climatic Data from Secondary Sources

Based on the available long-term climatological tables (1961 – 1990) published by India Meteorological Department (IMD) of Srinagar District, temperature ranges from -7.5°C to 35.3, relative humidity is noted to be 82%. 1st Pre-dominant wind direction is noted from SE to NW (13%). 2nd pre-dominant wind direction is from NW to SE (8%). Calm conditions are found to be 60%.

Above mentioned climatic conditions will be considered during designing stage.

4.8 Social Infrastructure

4.8.1 Health & Education

Sonamarg is served by one Primary Health Centre, having of 5 beds at a distance of 6.0 km in NW direction from project site.

One Middle school is available at a distance of 6.0 km in NW direction in sonamarg town.

4.8.2 Fire & Emergency

There is no fire station at the Sonamarg Town. However Master plan envisages one fire station in planning sub zone A1, for which land measuring 0.50 ha has been earmarked.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PLANNING BRIEF


5 PLANNING BRIEF

5.1 Planning concept (type of industries, facilities, transportation etc) Town and Country Planning/ Development Authority Classification

Basic facilities of infrastructure like admin building, processing area, laboratory, leachate treatment system, Landfill vehicle parking, weigh bridge, internal roads etc. will be developed on the project site .Transportation of Solid waste will be carried out through approach road.

5.2 Population Projection

Detail of population project is given in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1: Population projection S. No Population description 2016 2026 2036

1. Residential 5,673 6,915 8,430

2. Tourist/Non-pilgrims 7,37,581 9,36,822 11,89,885

3. Pilgrims 4,68,000 4,68,000 4,68,000

5.3 Landuse Planning (breakup along with greenbelt etc.)

The current land will be developed as Municipal Landfill site. Site layout of the proposed project is shown at Annexure 4 and area breakup details are given in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2: Land area breakup Sr. No Description Area (m2)

a. Compost Plant 1813

b. Landfill Facility 2450

Common infrastructure

i. Weighbridge office 12

ii. Security cabin 12

iii. Staff Parking Area 16

iv. Admin/ Lab office 50

v. Temporary Storage Area/ Yard 225

vi. Workshop 100

vii. Leachate Treatment Facility 200

viii. Leachate Holding Tank 100

ix. DG set Room 16

x. MCC Panel 9

xi. Storm water drain 107

xii. Retaining Wall 254

xiii. Road 1814

c. Total area for common infrastructure 2915

d. Greenbelt 2322

Total Area (a+b+c+d) 9500



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PLANNING BRIEF


5.4 Assessment of Infrastructure Demand (Physical & Social)

Key infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, bank, places of worship and social/ community facilities such as park, market, and playground etc. education, health care and community development will be developed as per Master Plan 2005-2025.

5.5 Amenities/Facilities

Basic Amenities like public transport, water supply, telecommunications, educational institutions, hospitals etc. will be developed as per Master plan 2005-2025.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROPOSED

INFRASTRUCTURE


6 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

6.1 Processing Area

The Processing area shall comprise of following sections:

Leachate Treatment Facility Leachate Holding Tank Compositing Plant Landfill facility DG set Room MCC Panel Panel room Temporary Storage Area/ Yard

6.2 Non-Processing Area

Requirement of residential area will be developed as shown below:

Administration building Truck parking area Security cabin Utility area

Laboratory Canteen

6.3 Equipment List

List of equipments to be used for the project is provided in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1: List of Equipments S. No Equipment Number

1. Bins of 10 lit 2369






7. Hand Carts 81

8. Brooms 118

9. Shovels 118

10. Tractor 3

11. Tipper 7

12. Bulldozer 1

13. Landfill compactor 1

14. Tractor for internal movement 1

15. Overhead water tank 1



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROPOSED

INFRASTRUCTURE


6.4 Green Belt

Around 2,322 m2 (~ 24%) of total area will be developed as greenbelt as shown in Annexure 4.

6.5 Social Infrastructure

Described in Chapter 4, Section 4.8

6.6 Connectivity (Traffic and transportation road/ rail/metro/water ways etc)

Described in Chapter 4, Section 4.1

6.7 Drinking Water Management (Source &Supply of Water)

Domestic water requirement will be met from Sind River.

6.8 Sewage System

Domestic water will be disposed to soak pit via septic tank. Leachate generated will be treated in leachate treatment plant and will be disposed as per norms.

6.9 Solid & Industrial Waste Management

Described in Chapter 3 , Section 3.9

6.10 Power Requirement & Supply/ Source

Described in Chapter 3, Section 3.8.1



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. R & R PLAN


7 REHABLITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R & R) PLAN

7.1 Policy to be adapted (Central /State) in respect of the project affected persons including home outsee, Land outsee and Landless labourers

Not Applicable as area is a forest land.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND

COST ESTIMATE

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS |JANUARY 2016 23

8 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATE

8.1 Likely date of start of construction and likely data of completion (Time Schedule for the project to be given)

The construction is likely to start after getting Environmental Clearance and NOC/CTE from the EAC and SPCB. The EIA studies are likely to get completed in 14-16 months.

Project implementation schedule describing various activities from finalization of site to project commissioning is tabulated in Table 8-1

M/S. SONAMARG DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING, DISPOSAL & DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR SONAMARG TOWN &

AMARNATH YATRA AT VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST

ESTIMATE


Table 8-1: Project Implementation Schedule

Activities Feb,16 Mar,16 Jun,16 Aug,16 Oct,16 Dec,16 Jan,17 Feb,17 Mar,17 Oct,17

Submission of Form 1, PFR & Proposed ToR

ToR Presentation at EAC

Draft EIA Preparation & Submission to SPCB

Public Hearing (PH)

Final EIA preparation & submission to MoEF

Presentation at MoEF

Receipt of EC

Application for NOC

NOC receipt

Execution & Commissioning



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. PROJECT SCHEDULE

AND COST ESTIMATE


8.2 Estimates project cost along with analysis in terms of economic viability of the project

The project cost is estimated to be INR 24 Cr. Summary of project cost is shown in Table 8-2.

Table 8-2: Project Cost S. No Particulars Amount (INR in lacs)

1. Land cost 6.6

2. Cost in Collection of waste 1400

3. Cost in landfill design 500

4. Cost of operation Machines at landfill site 520

Total 2426.6 ~ 24 Cr



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. ANALYSIS OF THE

PROPOSAL


9 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS)

9.1 Financial and social benefits with special emphasis on the benefit to the local people including tribal population, if any, in the area.

The project intends to create a socially, economically and environmentally viable integrated solid waste management system to develop an environmentally and aesthetically sound tourist resort.

Social benefits are summarized as under:

Proper management and disposal of waste in compost plants at base camps during yatra period will prevent environmental damage.

Jobs will be created for local people. The site can be re-landscaped and built and can be used as parks or farming land on once it has been

filled. The gases given off by the landfill site can be collected and used for heating. The waste products of landfills can be used as direct fuel for combustion or indirectly they can be

processed into another fuel. Organic material will be separated and composted and can be used for production of natural gas.



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. ANNEXURE


Annexure 1: Approval from Forest Department for Use of forest land



VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. ANNEXURE

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | DECEMBER 2015 28

Annexure 2: Google image of the project site location


AMARNATH YATRA AT VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. ANNEXURE


Annexure 3: Project Boundary Map


AMARNATH YATRA AT VILLAGE SARBAL, SONAMARG, J & K. ANNEXURE


Annexure 4: Site Layout Map

CONTACT DETAILS

Vadodara (Head Office)

871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010.

E: [email protected]; T:+91-265-3001000; F: +91-265-3001069

Delhi / NCR

Spaze IT Park, Unit No. 1124, 11th Floor, Tower B-3, Sector 49, Sohna Road, Gurgaon, India – 122 002

E: [email protected]; T/F : 0124-424 2430-436

K a d a m Environmental Consul tants www.kadamenviro.com

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