SOMNATH MAHINDER.pptx

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Presented By:

Somnath Mahinder , B.C.E -3RD Yr

Roll No.001010401043

Jadavpur University

Under the Guidance byDr. Amit Dutta (Associate Professor)

Department of Civil Engineering

Jadavpur University 1


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PRESENTATION PLAN Introduction Sources of Bio-medical waste

Category and Composition of Bio-medical waste

Problem associated with Bio-medical waste

Need for Bio-medical Waste Management

Collection, Segregation, Labelling, Storage &Transportation of Bio-medical waste

Treatment Techniques Advantage of this system & Human Resource

Management issue

Conclusion

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INTRODUCTIONThe waste produced in the course of health care activities

carries a higher potential for infection and injury than anyother type of waste. So, appropriate management of bio-medical waste is a crucial part of environmental healthprotection.

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (BMW)Any waste , which is generated during the diagnosis,

treatment or immunization of human beings or animals orin research activities pertaining thereto or in the

production or testing of biological, and includingcategories of bio-medical waste (BMW rules,1998).

WHO estimates 3


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SOURCES OF BIO-

MEDICAL WASTE Operation theatre / Wards / Labour rooms

Dressing rooms

Injection rooms

Intensive Care Unit

Dialysis Room

Laboratory

Compound of Hospital or Nursing Home.

Corridor

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CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTEWASTE CATEGORY NO. WASTE CATEGORY TYPE

CATEGORY1 HUMAN ANATOMICAL WASTE CATEGORY2 ANIMAL WASTE

CATEGORY3 MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGYWASTE

CATEGORY4 WASTE SHARPS

CATEGORY5 DISCARDED MEDICINE & CYTOTOXICDRUG

CATEGORY 6 SOLID WASTE

CATEGORY7 SOLID WASTE

CATEGORY 8 LIQUID WASTE

CATEGORY9 INCINERATION ASH

CATEGORY10 CHEMICAL WASTE 5


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VARIOUS TYPES OF BIO-

MEDICAL WASTES

Waste Sharps e.g.: Needles

Human anatomical waste

Discarded medicines

Solid waste e.g.: cotton swabs 6


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COMPOSITION OF BIO-

MEDICAL WASTES

PHYSICAL COMPOSITIONHuman anatomical wastes, microbiological wastes,

solid waste, animal waste 25% to 35%

Waste sharp discarded glassware and disposables 10%

to 15%General waste 50% to 65%

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

C/N 14% to 20%

Moisture content 70%Carbon 16% to 24%

Nitrogen 1% to 1.32%

Calorific value 1700 kcal/kg to 4000 kcal/kg.7


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PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM

VIRUSES

HIV, Hepatitis B, HepatitisA,C,

AIDS,Infectious Hepatitis,

Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, etc.

Infected needles, body

Fluids, Human excreta,soiled linen, Blood, bodyfluids.

BACTERIASalmonella typhi,Vibrio cholerae,Streptococcus

Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,Septicemia.

Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps suchas needles, surgical blades inhospital waste.

PARASITESPlasmodium

Kala Azar, Malaria. Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.

CYTOTOXIC DRUG Fauroux B, Pulmonary Outdated & discarded drug8


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NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL

WASTE MANAGMENT

Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infectioncontrol practices and poor waste management.

Drugs which have been disposed of, being repackedand sold off to unsuspecting buyers.

Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due towaste, or due to defective incineration emissions and

ash.

Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlersand scavengers, other peoples.

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SEGREGATION AND LABELLING OF

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

SEGGREGATION : To segregate the biomedical waste

LABELLING :

All the bags when filled up to th should be removed tiedand labeled ( type of waste , site of generation) .

All bags must be bio-degradable having bio-hazard sign.

Bio-hazard sign 10

Color coding of Bio-medical waste


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TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

TRANSPORTATIONWithin the hospital BMW transportation route to be

designed to avoid patient care areas.

Dedicated wheeled containers, trolleys or carts with cover

& with proper labeling to be used for transportationSTORAGE

Area of the storage should be covered and grilled from allsides.

Biomedical waste should be protected from animal and ragpickers.

There should be night provision of over night storage forthe infected waste.

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TREATMENT AND DISPOSALPROCEDURES MAIN FUNCTION

Incineration burn trash and other types of wasteuntil it is reduced to ash.

Autoclaving It uses a combination of heat, steam

and pressure.

Hydroclaving Waste is indirectly heated here by

providing steam into the outer

jacket of a double walled container

Chemical treatment Using sodium hypochlorite

solution, bleaching powder, savlon

and then discharged into

drains/sewers

Landfill Disposal Using a pit or trench for final

disposal of BMW 12


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PICTURE AND DIAGRAM OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

Incineration : Diagram and Picture

Autoclave :

Land fill disposal : 13


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TREATMENT PROCESS

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ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM & HUMANRESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUE

It minimize the amount of potentially hazardous wastethat requires the specialized and costly treatment.

It reduces occupational health and safety risks to thehealth care workers and rag pickers.

It improves infection control within the hospital.

Minimization of hospital waste and communityawareness about bio-medical waste can be done bytraining & research .

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CONCLUSIONS

Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legalnecessity but also a social responsibility.

Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste

should be done.Waste generation should be reduced as far as possible.

Individual awareness and participation should be increased.

Metal products like syringes should be used after proper

recycling. Label with hazard warnings should be strictly maintained

on Bio-medical wastes.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND

HANDLING) RULES, 1998 Book on Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution

Engineering by S.K.Garg [Twenty Fifth edition]

A paper on Bio-medical Waste Management ofKolkata by Dr.Amit Dutta, SubhasishChattopadhyay, Subhabrata Ray.

www.authorstream.com

www.indmedia.com

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LET THE WASTES OFTHE SICK NOT

CONTAMINATE THE LIVESOF THE HEALTHY..

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THANK YOU

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