Something to Think AboutSomething to Think About Please take the next five minutes to Please take the next five minutes to

address the following questions on a address the following questions on a piece of paper:piece of paper: What is learning?What is learning? What are some things that you have What are some things that you have

learned throughout your life (not learned throughout your life (not just formally or in school)?just formally or in school)?

How have you learned these things?How have you learned these things?

Chapter 5Chapter 5LearningLearning

Relatively permanent change in behavior or Relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from past experienceknowledge that results from past experience

Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov – Ivan Pavlov –

Russian physiologistRussian physiologist Repeatedly pairing Repeatedly pairing

a neutral stimulus a neutral stimulus with a response- with a response- producing stimulus producing stimulus until the neutral until the neutral stimulus elicits the stimulus elicits the same responsesame response

Pavlov’s DogsPavlov’s Dogs

Classical Classical TerminologyTerminology

Neutral Stimulus (NS): does not initially Neutral Stimulus (NS): does not initially elicit a responseelicit a response

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): elicits a Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): elicits a certain, predictable response; certain, predictable response; automaticautomatic

Unconditioned Response (UCR): natural Unconditioned Response (UCR): natural reaction to a stimulus; reaction to a stimulus; automaticautomatic

Conditioned Stimulus (CS): once neutral, but Conditioned Stimulus (CS): once neutral, but after being paired with a UCS, it elicits a after being paired with a UCS, it elicits a response; response; learnedlearned

Conditioned Response (CR): learned Conditioned Response (CR): learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus; reaction to a conditioned stimulus; learnedlearned

Classical Classical DiagramDiagram(UCS) (UCS) (UCR) (UCR)

(NS) + (UCS) (NS) + (UCS) (UCR) (UCR)(CS) (CS) (CR) (CR)

Pavlov’s DogsPavlov’s Dogs(UCS) meat (UCS) meat (UCR) salivate (UCR) salivate

(NS) bell + (UCS) meat (NS) bell + (UCS) meat (UCR) (UCR) salivatesalivate

(CS) bell (CS) bell (CR) salivate (CR) salivate

CC with Puddy!CC with Puddy!

(UCS) (UCS) (UCR) (UCR) Squeak!Squeak!

(NS) +(UCS) (NS) +(UCS) (UCR) (UCR) Squeak!Squeak!

(CS)(CS) (CR) (CR) Squeak!Squeak!

Expanding Classical Expanding Classical ConditioningConditioning

Generalization: responding to a Generalization: responding to a second stimulus that’s similar to the second stimulus that’s similar to the original CSoriginal CS

Discrimination: ability to distinguish Discrimination: ability to distinguish between different stimuli between different stimuli

Extinction: gradual disappearance of a Extinction: gradual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCSpresented without the UCS

Spontaneous recovery: reappearance Spontaneous recovery: reappearance of a previously extinguished response of a previously extinguished response after time without exposure to the CSafter time without exposure to the CS

More Classical ConditioningMore Classical Conditioning John WatsonJohn Watson Behaviorism: Behaviorism:

emphasizes emphasizes observable observable behaviorsbehaviors

Little AlbertLittle Albert CC Drug EffectsCC Drug Effects

Caffeine + smellCaffeine + smell Placebo responsePlacebo response

Taste aversionTaste aversion