SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF WALKING IN NATURAL …
Transcript of SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF WALKING IN NATURAL …
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WALKING FOR MENTAL VITALITYSOME PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF
WALKING IN NATURAL SETTINGS
Raymond De YoungUniversity of Michigan
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1. Nature as medicine
2. Attention Restoration Theory and properties of restorative experiences
3. A prescription for mental vitality
PRESENTATION WILL COVER
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
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1. Nature as medicine
2. Attention Restoration Theory and properties of restorative experiences
3. A prescription for mental vitalityis simply to walk, regularly, surrounded by nearby nature
ONE MAIN POINT
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
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1. Nature as medicine
Walking is man's best medicine– Hippocrates
Greek physician (460 - 377 BCE)
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
Kawase Hasui (1941) Tamiya Village, Saitamawww.hanga.com/viewimage.cfm?ID=1439
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RESTORATION
1. Nature as medicine
2. Attention Restoration Theory
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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Two forms of attention
• Involuntary fascination
• Directed attention
RESTORATION
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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• Two forms of attention
• Involuntary fascination• Effortless and spontaneous • Sources include:
• nature • survival-related phenomena • processes such as making predictions
• Directed attention PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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• Two forms of attention
• Involuntary fascination• Effortless and spontaneous • Sources include:
• nature • survival-related phenomena • processes such as making predictions
• Directed attention• Effortful• Capacity to actively inhibit distractions• Supports focusing on the non-fascinating
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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• Two forms of attention
• Involuntary fascination• Effortless and spontaneous • Sources include:
• nature • survival-related phenomena • processes such as making predictions
• Directed attention• Effortful and fatigues• Capacity to actively inhibit distractions• Supports focusing on the non-fascinating
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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Directed attention is essential for
• Basic mental activity• problem solving• maintaining train of thought
• Higher functions• maintaining purpose• planning goals, initiating tasks• self-monitoring and self-regulating• behavioral restraint
• Social behavior• listening, not interrupting • caring about and helping others
RESTORATION
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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Some daily demands on directed attention
• Informational• distractions, interruptions, noise• meetings and conferences
• Affective• worries• loss and grief
• Behavioral• constraints• unreasonable expectations
• Physical• bad weather• poor vision/hearing
RESTORATION
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
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NATURE
Some symptoms of directed attention fatigue
• Irritability• Impulsivity• Impatience
• Cumulative loss of effectivenessProblems with:
• thinking• planning• deciding• monitoring• restraining• starting and finishing tasks
RESTORATION
PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
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1. Nature as medicine
2. Attention Restoration Theory and Properties of restorative experiences
3. Prescription for mental vitalityPRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
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ATTENTION
Some properties of attention-restoring experiences
• Being away• stop using tired brain structures • put aside recent work
• Fascination• be surrounded by involuntarily
fascinating yet non-boisterous nature• Extent
• setting has scope enough to sustain interaction for some time without boredom
• feeling of being in another world• Compatibility
• fit between intentions and affordances• can function without major mental effort
RESTORATION
NATURE
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ATTENTION
Dosage needed for recovery depends on
• Kind and quality of environment• Intentional engagement with environment• Frequency and duration
RESTORATION
PRESCRIPTION
NATURE
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1. Nature as medicine
2. Attention Restoration Theory and properties of restorative experiences
3. A prescription for mental vitality PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
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PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
• Where
• When
• How
• What to do with the mind
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PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
• Where to walk• non-spectacular nature will suffice• tree-lined street, park, open space• soft fascination helps reflection
• When
• How
• What to do with the mind
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PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
• Where
• When to walk• poor judge of our state of mental fatigue• our belief we don’t need a break is erroneous• must make, and stick to, a schedule
• How
• What to do with the mind
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PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
• Where
• When
• How to walk• socializing depletes directed attention • increase solo walking, although
• conversation might aid reflection• partner might help engagement with setting
• What to do with the mind
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PRESCRIPTION
ATTENTION
NATURE
RESTORATION
• Where
• When
• How
• What to do with the mind• plan ahead, create an awareness plan• enhance mind-environment interactions• build on fascination we have with prediction, etc.
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A PRESCRIPTION FOR MENTAL VITALITY
• Walk in softly fascinating natural settings
• Repeat on a schedule
• Often go alone
• If walk with another, then be tranquil and focus your conversation on the setting
• Be playful with the environment
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Raymond De YoungAssociate Professor of Environmental Psychology and Planning
School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
[email protected]/~rdeyoung
If you value mental effectiveness then attention restoration is not optional
Shiro Kasamatsu (1919) Cirrocumuli (Mackerel Sky)www.hanga.com/viewimage.cfm?ID=2576