Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.
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Transcript of Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.
![Page 1: Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d935503460f94a7b302/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Computer Science – What it is, History
Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005
![Page 2: Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d935503460f94a7b302/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Science?◦ Do computer scientists do experiments?
(hypothesis, test, evaluate) Art?
◦ Are there creative elements in computer science? Engineering?
◦ Do computer scientists build things? Math?
◦ Abstraction? A combination of some or all of these? Something else?
What Is Computer Science?
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Theory? Practice?
Infrastructure? Configuration? Development? Management?
What Is Computer Science? (2)
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Systems? Applications? People?
Hardware? Software?
What Is Computer Science? (3)
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Talk to clients and each other Build systems (hardware and software) Research possible approaches, tools Gather requirements for a system Analyze requirements Develop test cases for a system Design solution systems Design interfaces Implement solution systems Integrate systems Maintain systems (bug fixes, enhancements)
What Do Computer Scientists Do?
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Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) has defined several versions of Computing Curricula
CC 2005 lists 5 sub-areas of computing:◦ Computer Science◦ Computer Engineering◦ Information Systems◦ Information Technology◦ Software Engineering
http://www.acm.org/education/education/curric_vols/CC2005-March06Final.pdf
What Disciplines Are Close To/Part Of Computer Science?
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Quiz question #1 – which of the five? (IS, IT, CS, CE, SE)
From CC 2005
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Quiz question #2 – which of the five? (IS, IT, CS, CE, SE)
From CC 2005
![Page 9: Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d935503460f94a7b302/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Quiz question #3 – which of the five? (IS, IT, CS, CE, SE)
From CC 2005
![Page 10: Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d935503460f94a7b302/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Quiz question #4 – which of the five? (IS, IT, CS, CE, SE)
From CC 2005
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Quiz question #5 – which of the five? (IS, IT, CS, CE, SE)
From CC 2005
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When was the computer invented?
History of Computing
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When was the computer invented?
Depends on what you mean by “computer”…
History of Computing
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Bones, other objects for counting – B.C. Abacus (counting and calculating) – 3rd century
A.D. John Napier’s logarithmic tables, slide rule – 1600’s Blaise Pascal’s machine (addition) – 1640’s Gottfried Leibniz’s mechanical calculator – 1673 Joseph Jacquard’s loom (punched metal cards) -
1804 Charles Babbage
◦ Difference Engine (specialized) designed – 1820’s◦ Analytical Engine (generalized) designed – 1830’s
Early “Computers”
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“Mill” – processor “Store” – memory Also, concepts of:
◦ Input and output◦ Generalized program execution
“We may say most aptly that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves” – Ada, Countess of Lovelace
Babbage’s Analytical Engine
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Herman Hollerith, statistical tabulator for the U.S. Census Bureau, using paper punch cards for data – 1890◦ Later created company named International Business Machines
Corporation Quiet period until 1940’s Mark 1 – mathematical computer with electro-mechanical
relays, 1943 John von Neumann – computer design with input, output,
memory, control, and arithmetic/logic unit, 1945 ENIAC, built by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly – first
large-scale electronic (vacuum tubes) digital computer, 1946 First transistor – John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter
Brattain, 1947 UNIVAC, first commercial computer, sold in 1951
More Computing Machines
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1940s and early 1950’s – 1st Generation (vacuum tubes, very large systems, programming in machine language)
1956-1963 – 2nd Generation (transistors, large systems, assembly language)
1964-1971 – 3rd generation (integrated circuits, high level languages (e.g. FORTRAN, C)
1971 – present – 4th generation (microprocessors, new high level languages (e.g. C++, Java, C#) plus 4GL’s (e.g. Structured Query Language for database systems)
Generations of Computing