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Open Educational Resources & the Future of Learning
Rory McGreal
UNESCO/COL Chair in OER
Virtual Educa
Conference
March 2012
Paramaribo, Suriname
Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0
License(some images fair use)
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AU
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Canada’s Open UniversityFastest growing university in Canada+39,000 students + 700 courses
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Frpm
film “My Winnipeg”
Guy Maddin
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Medieval University
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Open Educational Resources (OER)
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Types of OERs• Learning objects, units, textbooks, scholarly articles
IRRODL.org• Multimedia objects (Flash etc.)
• Courses, programs full curriculum
• Tools, FOSS
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Granularity• OER comes in many sizes:
– Diagrams, photos, web pages
– Articles (Open access publications)– Games, simulations, activities
– Multimedia
– Units of learning (IMS LD)
– Lessons, modules & courses
– Programmes
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OER: Example
• Content• Pedagogical purpose; to
augment learning about:
1. Paris2. 18393. Urban environments4. Architecture5. Daguerre6. Photography7. Daguerreotypes
From Norm FriesenFrom Norm Friesen
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LessonLesson
ComponentComponentLessonLesson
ComponentComponent
Granularity
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LessonLesson
ModuleModule
ComponentComponentLessonLesson
ModuleModule
ComponentComponent
Granularity
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LessonLesson
ModuleModule
ComponentComponent
CourseCourse
ProgrammeProgramme
LessonLesson
ModuleModule
ComponentComponent
CourseCourse
Granularity
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OER’s are Open (Mostly)
• OERs can be:– Augmented
– Edited– Customized
– Aggregated – Reformatted
– Mashups!
See Scott Leslie’s 10 minute video athttp://www.edtechpost.ca/gems/opened.htm
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OER Benefit: Cost sharing
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OER Benefit: Timely Updating
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OER Benefit: Number of Learners
20 or 2 million?
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Internet is the biggest commons
Public domain is a priceless, shared
heritage wikimedia
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If you could reproduce food infinitely at no cost?
Wouldn’t it be a crime to not feed the hungry?
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OER• “Open educational
resources are materials used to
support education that may be freely accessed, reused,
modified and shared by anyone”
(OER Forum)
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Modern learning is not possible without the skills
for accessing and using the Internet
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They hang the man and flog the womanWho steals the goose from off the commonBut leaves the greater villain looseWho steals the common from off the goose.
Anonymous 1764 or 1821?
Stealing the Goose
turtlemom4bacon
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Mobile Learning
Wireless Access
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Mobile learning
+2 billion Internet connexionsWorld population: 6.8 billion
¼ of the world’s population
http://www.soil‐net.com/album/Places_Objects/slides/Globe%20Planet%20Earth%20NASA.jpg
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http://www.itu.int/ITU‐D/ict/statistics/material/graphs/2010/Internet_users_00‐10_2.jpg
+ 2 billion users
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Web usage worldwide
3.81%Worldwide
Chad 29%Nigeria 25%Sudan 22%
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http://www.itu.int/ITU‐D/ict/statistics/material/graphs/2010/Cellular_signal_03‐09.jpg
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Mobile learning
4.5 billion mobile subscriptions1.5 billion mobile internet
users
1/3 only access internet via mobile
90% of world population is covered by cellular
More time
spent on
Internet
with
Mobile
than with
desktops
More time
spent on
Internet
with
Mobile
than with
desktops
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http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1048/1022720488_0a1b779fc8.jpg
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bandwidth
features performance
functionality
usability
accessibility
A Balancing Act
Kent Anderson, Scholarlykitchen.org
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WWW is flexible for display on different‐sized screens, enabling user
preferences (font size, etc.)
Fluid design (elastic or liquid)
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Design for Mobile FIRST
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What technology has done more to destroy human
community than any other?
Could it be the portable book?
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Why OER for MLearning?
• DRM (digital rights management)• Digital licenses
digital
restric
tions ma
nagem
ent?
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DRM (Digital Rights Management)You CANNOT• Copy & paste, annotate, highlight• Text to speech• Format change• Move material • Print out• Move geographically• Use after expiry date• Resell
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Swiss‐copyright.ca
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Digital Millennium Copyright ActDMCA
It is illegal to circumvent protection mechanisms
(or even criminal) & to even share information on how
to circumvent protection
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Digital Licenses•Copy & paste, annotate, highlight• Text to speech or hyperlink• Format change• Move material to another computer• Print out• Move geographically• Use after expiry date• Resell
• Prohibited to show your content to others • Must accept that you have NO rights
• Owners have NO liability even if product doesn’t work• Owners can “invade”
your computer without permission
• Collect & use personal data• User has a “privilege”
to use the product not own it
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Open ETextbooks
•Copy & paste, annotate, highlight √• Text to speech or hyperlink
√
• Format change
å Move material to other computer
√
• Print out
å Move geographically
√
• No expiry date
å Reuse/Remix/Mash
√
•Retain privacy and digital rights
√√Essent
ial for
Mobi
le imp
lement
ations
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Access Rights?Vendors can control how, when,
where, and with what specific brands of technological
assistance audiences are able to access content
You bu
y but y
ou don
’t get
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Toys?Sony Playstation
Nintendo DS Lite
iPod
GizmondoNokia n-Gage QD
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= 2 jiffies or 200 milliseconds
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Rory McGreal Fred Mulder
UNESCO Chairholdersin OER Partners
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OER for DevelopmentGoal of developing together a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity…
hope that this
open resource for the future mobilizes the whole of the worldwide community of educators”
UNESCO 2002
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UNESCO OER Community
• OER Wiki
• OER Discussion group
• International
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OER: Type of Licence
GNU
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Wayne Macintosh
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Open Curriculum
Students choose what is of interest to them and what meets their
professional development needs from the “smorgasbord”
of available open
courses –
Jim Taylor
designed and based solely on OER
Jim Taylor
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OER University Concept
Jim Taylor
California?Washington?
Jim Taylor
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EducationOur Content
Our Support
Our
Students
Judith Murray, TRU
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EducationAny Content
Any Support
Any
students
Judith Murray, TRU
OUR ASS
ESSMENT
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The restriction of the commons by patents, copyright, and databases [right] is not in the interests of society and unduly hampers scientific endeavour.
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“On the part of rich countries there is excessive zeal for
protecting knowledge through an unduly rigid
assertion of the right to intellectual property . . .”
‐
Pope Benedict XVI
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“On the part of rich countries there is excessive zeal for protecting
knowledge through an unduly rigid assertion of the right to
intellectual property . . .”
‐
Pope Benedict XVI
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"Let's put all this hype about change and transformation in perspective. It's underhyped."
"There's something coming after us, and I
imagine it is something wonderful.”
"Danny Hillis, Wired
Change
« le changem
ent s’im
pose, la survie est
une option; fa
ites le
bon choix »
François Tavenas, a
ncien recteur de l’U
niversitéLav
al
“Change is m
andatory, survival is an
option. Ma
ke the right choice.”
François Tavenas, a
ncien recteur de l’U
niversitéLav
al
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General Eric Shinseki, retired Chief of Staff, U. S. Army
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Open Source
Open Courseware
Open Educational Resources
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[email protected]@athabascau.caAshanti