Some Current Philippine Rice Production Technology and Constraints: Opportunities for Academe-Based...

International Technical Cooperation Center Rural Development Administration

Suwon City, South Korea29 July 2003

A Country Report for the Rice Production Technology for ASEAN Countries

Caezar Angelito E. Arceo

Faculty ResearcherPangasinan State University

PHILIPPINES

a. Self-Introduction

1. Brief introduction of the organization2. Position and duties in the organization3. Expected outcomes for this training

course

b. Information regarding the project that you take part

1. Introduction of the project2. Target of the development3. Major feature/achievement4. Urgent problems that need to be

solved in the country



PHILIPPINES

SOME CURRENT PHILIPPINE RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRAINTS

Opportunities for Academe-based Filipino-Korean research and

development initiatives



PHILIPPINES

Where we are…Where we are…

It’s a tiny world…

Caezar AE. ArceoPangasinan State University

Philippines

The Philippine settingThe Philippine setting

Lies in the heart of Southeast Asia

With 7,107 islands Terrain mostly

mountainous

The geography


Philippines

“It’s unique location made it the commercial, cultural, and intellectual hub of Asia from the dawn of history.”

The geography

www.gov.ph/aboutphil/default.asp



Philippines

http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/default.asp

Population was 76,504,077 (May 2000 figure).

Population increase is 2.36%, or three persons per minute.

Projected population is 113 million in year 2020.

Distribution is uneven, with some 500 people per square mile on the average.

People and the society



Philippines

Central development issue is poverty. One of the most highly educated in the

developing world. Philippines among the top immigrants to the

United States.




Philippines

The largest province is Pangasinan.




Philippines

Annual growth rate of 2.40%.Average household size of 5.09.

Economy and agriculture



Philippines

As of 16 July 2003

Year toDate

GNP 5.6 (Q1 '03) 7.8 (Q4 '02) 5.6 (Q1 '03) 4.3 (Q1 '02)GDP 4.5 5.8 4.5 3.8

Agriculture 2.9 6.0 2.9 4.8Industry 4.0 4.8 4.0 2.1Services 5.6 6.4 5.6 4.8

I. REAL SECTOR (% growth)Latest Preceding Same QuarterQuarter

A. National Income (% g.r.) (NSCB)

Quarter Year Ago

http://www.neda.gov.ph/TheEconomy/Updates/Files/HTM/07-16-2003.htm




Philippines

As of 16 July 2003

IV. PRICES (%) Year to Date

A. Inflation Rate (%) (NSO) 3.4 (Jun '03) 2.7 (May '03) 2.9 3.0 (Jun '02) Food 2.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 Non-Food 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 Metro Manila 4.5 2.5 3.3 3.7 AOMM 3.0 2.9 2.8 1.9

B. Lending Rate (Low, %) 8.3 (May '03) 10.0 (Apr '03) 8.3 8.2 (May '02)C. BSP Overnight Borrowing Rates 6.75 (Jul '03) 7.0 (Jun '03) 6.75 7.0 (Jul '02)D. BSP Overnight Lending Rates 9.00 (Jul '03) 9.25 (Jun '03) 9.00 9.0 (Jul '02)

Latest Preceding Year to Same Week Week Week Date Month Ago

E. 91-Day T-Bill Rate (%) 5.33 (7 Jul '03) 5.498 (23 Jun '03) 6.196 5.666 (9 Jun '03)F. Forex (Average, P:$1) 53.479 (16 July '03) 53.391 (9 Jul '03) 53.477 53.504 (20 Jun '03)G. Phisix 1,270.9 (16 July '03) 1,283.4 (9 Jul '03) 1,100.9 1,243.1 (20 Jun '03)

Latest Preceding Same MonthMonth Month Year Ago





Philippines

As of 16 July 2003





Philippines

As of 16 July 2003

V. EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS (BSP) Latest Preceding Year to Same Month Month Month Date Year Ago

A. Exports (% g.r.) -4.0 (May '03) -1.9 (Apr '03) 1.7 -0.7 (May '02)

- Electronics & Components/a /

Electronic Products/b (% g.r.) -12.9 (May '03) -2.2 (Apr '03) -3.5 19.8 (May '02)

B. Imports (% g.r.) 12.2 (May '03) -7.6 (Apr '03) 13.4 9.9 (May '02)- Raw materials & intermediate goods (% g. r.) -4.1 -12.6 4.2 -1.8- Capital goods (% g. r.) 22.0 -5.3 16.6 29.1

C. Current Account ($ M) -117 (Mar '03) 232 (Feb '03) 338 130 (Mar '02)

D. Capital & Financial Accounts ($ M) 4 (Mar '03) -256 (Feb '03) -312 2,603 (Mar '02)- Direct Investments ($ M), net -38 -23 -51 600

E. Balance of Payments ($ M) -163 (Jun '03) -15 (May '03) -697 -160 (Jun '02)

F. Gross International Reserves ($ M) 15,867 (Jun '03) 16,073 (May '03) 15,867 16,909 (Jun '02)- Months' worth of imports 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.2

G. Total External Debt ($ M) 55,806 (Q1 '03) 53,874 (Q4 '02) 55,806 53,459 (Q1 '02)- of which: Total Short Term 49,383 5,558 49,383 5,585 Total Private Sector 14,977 14,977 14,977 15,644





Philippines

As of 16 July 2003

VI. NG CASH OPERATIONS (BTr) Latest Preceding Year to Same Month(P billion) * Month Month Date Year Ago

A. Revenues (PB) 49.0 (Jun '03) 54.9 (May '03) 306.3 42.7 (Jun '02) Tax 41.9 45.6 265.2 36.8 Non-tax 7.1 9.3 41.1 5.9

B. Expenditures (PB) 53.2 64.8 385.9 54.9C. Surplus(+) / Deficit(-) ( PB) -4.2 -9.9 -79.6 -12.2D. Net Foreign Financing(PB) -5.0 -3.9 45.9 -4.7

E. Net Domestic Financing(PB) /c 10.7 0.8 27.3 45.1F. Cash Build-up(-)/ Withdrawal (+)(PB) -1.5 13.1 6.4 -28.3


Inflation rate slows down to 2.7% (May 2003).

GNP growth is 7.2%.



Philippines




Philippines


Agricultural land use of selected countries

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Australia

Bangladesh

Brunei

China

Hongkong

Indonesia

Japan

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

North Korea

Pakistan

Philippines

Singapore

South Korea

Thailand

United States

Vietnam

http://localweb.neda.gov.ph/~ioneda/cgi-bin/st2.cgi?/db/asian/Agri/area_harvested_rice_a.sc



Philippines


0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

35000000

40000000

45000000

50000000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Australia

Bangladesh

Brunei

China

Hongkong

India

Indonesia

Japan

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

North Korea

Pakistan

Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

United States

Vietnam

Area harvested for rice in selected countries



Philippines


Rice production (metric ton) of selected countries

0

50000000

100000000

150000000

200000000

250000000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Australia

Bangladesh

Brunei

China

Hongkong

India

Indonesia

Japan

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

North Korea

Philippines

Singapore

South Korea

Thailand

United States

Vietnam



Philippines


Rice yield (kg/ha) of selected countries

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Australia

Bangladesh

Brunei

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

North Korea

Pakistan

Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

United States

Vietnam

http://localweb.neda.gov.ph/~ioneda/cgi-bin/st2.cgi?/db/asian/Agri/area_harvested_rice_a.sc



Philippines

>> Principal farm products rice (Oryza sativa) maize (Zea mays) coconut (Cocos nucifera) sugar (Saccharum officinarum) abaca or Manila hemp (Musa textilis) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) maguey (Agave sisalina) pineapple (Ananas comosus)




Philippines

>> Tropical fruits

banana (Musa spp.) mango (Mangifera indica) lanzones (Lansium domesticum) citrus (Citrus spp.) papaya (Carica papaya) avocado (Persea americana)




Philippines

>> Tropical fruits starapple (Chrysophyllum cainito) atis (Annona squamosa) jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) guava (Psidium guajava) santol (Sandoricum koetjape) durian (Durio zibethinus).




Philippines

>> Vegetables and root crops mungbean (Vigna radiata) yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp.

sesquipedalis) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata) tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) eggplant (Solanum melongena) Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata)




Philippines

>> Vegetables and root crops mustard (Brassica juncea) lettuce (Lactuca sativa) sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) pea (Pisum sativum) sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) sugar beets (Beta vulgaris) cassava (Manihot esculenta) squash (Cucurbita moschata)


Current production Current production statusstatus

Typhoons Problem soils Pests and diseases Degradation of irrigation

infrastructures Unfavorable pricing policy Devolution of extension services Lack of clear rice development policy

Main cropping constraints


Philippines

Rice varieties developed by the IRRI, PhilRice, and UP-Los Baños.

Some varieties also developed by private sector.

Varieties approved for release by the National Seed Industry Council.

Varietal use and development



Philippines




Philippines

Top ten provinces in total rice production




Philippines

Top ten provinces in total area harvested

for rice




Philippines

Top ten provinces in average rice yield

Hybrid rice offers 15-20% yield advantage over the best inbred variety.

Use of the variety is limited to the F1 to realize “hybrid vigor” (heterosis).

Hybrid rice commercialization



Philippines

Three hybrid rice varieties were initially released: PSB Rc26H (Magat), PSB Rc72H (Mestizo), and PSB Rc76H (Panay).

Recent releases: NSIC Rc114H (locally named Mestizo 2) andNSIC Rc116H (Mestizo 3)

Mestizo most popular hybrid rice variety.




Philippines

Seed production and F1 cultivation refined and presently disseminated.

Method recommended by Virmani used as basis for hybrid rice technologies.




Philippines

Traditional variety earnings = ±US$190.48 ~ ±US$285.71 per season

Hybrid rice earnings = ±US$666.67 ~ ±US$809.05 per season




Philippines

11 provinces as pilot hybrid rice cultivation areas in 1998.

In 2002, PhilRice was tasked to lead the hybrid rice commercialization program (HRCP) in the country (Executive Order No. 76).

Became the flagship program of Unlad-Ani under the Office of the Million Jobs.

Policy imperatives and trends



Philippines

Initially, HRCP will cover 45,000 hectares in 56 provinces

300,000 hectares are expected to be planted with hybrid rice by 2004 dry season.

Policy imperatives and trends



Philippines

Socio-cultural prismsSocio-cultural prisms

Lack of proper knowledge of the farmers in basic theories and concepts in rice production.

Such as inability to distinguish insects and arachnids.

Less application of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concepts.

Others.

Farmers’ cognitive blocks


Philippines

Majority of the Filipinos hate GMOs.

Race against GMOs

Socio-cultural prismsSocio-cultural prisms


Philippines

Outlooks for Outlooks for collaborationscollaborations

The SUCs


Philippines

All state universities and colleges are under the Commission on Higher Education (R.A. 7722).


Total faculty for AY 2000-01 is 93,884.

The SUCs


Philippines

7,777 or 8.25% have doctorate degrees. 24,538 or 26.14% have master’s degrees.

54,863 or 58.44 percent have baccalaureate degrees.

6,706 or 7.14% belong to other levels.

CHED Memorandum Order No. 25 series of 1998.


Section 69 of the Republic Act 8435, otherwise known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act.

Thrusts



Philippines



Section 77 of the Republic Act 8435, otherwise known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act.



Philippines

Mandates for int’l linkages

Pangasinan State University: A government university.

Chartered through the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 1479.

Became operational on 01 July 1979. Currently has eight (8) campuses.

About the PSU



Philippines


Philippines

Opportunities at handOpportunities at hand

Korea’s strong economic policy and performance.

Strong emphasis to agricultural development.

Saemaul Undong story. Korea National Agricultural College.

Lessons to be learned

Caezar AE. Arceo Pangasinan State University

Philippines

Academe-based bilateral collaborations with South Korean research and academic institutions.

KNAC and the Filipino SUCs. Research prospects of the presentor.

Some ambitious pursuits



Philippines

Some ambitious pursuits


Adaptation of Korean varieties in the Philippines

Korean Varieties


Philippines

ITCC and RDA postcards. Orientation for new trainees

especially on facility use in ITCC and time schedule on activities.

Please continue your programs for developing countries.

Our humble proposals…


Philippines

…

Maraming salamat po…Maraming salamat po…

International Technical Cooperation Center Rural Development Administration

Suwon City, South Korea29 July 2003

A Country Report for the Rice Production Technology for ASEAN Countries

Some Current Philippine Rice Production Technology and Constraints: Opportunities for Academe-Based...

Documents

Transcript of Some Current Philippine Rice Production Technology and Constraints: Opportunities for Academe-Based...