SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THE GIANT CHINESE SOLAR TELESCOPE CONCEPT JACQUES M. BECKERS Beijing August 6...
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Transcript of SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THE GIANT CHINESE SOLAR TELESCOPE CONCEPT JACQUES M. BECKERS Beijing August 6...
SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THE
GIANT CHINESE SOLAR TELESCOPE
CONCEPT
JACQUES M. BECKERS
Beijing
August 6 – 8, 2011
OVERVIEW OF
RECENTLY BUILD
HIGHEST RESOLUTION
SOLAR TELESCOPES
DUNN SOLAR TELESCOPE
Sacramento Peak NM
APERTURE76 cm
VACUUM TELESCOPE
(FIRST) ADAPTIVE OPTICS
SWEDISH SOLAR TELESCOPE
La Palma, Canary Islands
APERTURE 100 cm
VACUUM TELESCOPE
ADAPTIVE OPTICS
DUTCH OPEN TELESCOPE (DOT)
La Palma Canary Islands
APERTURE 50 cm
OPEN AIR TELESCOPE
HINODE
JAPANESE + TELESCOPE
APERTURE 50 cm
SPACE FACILITY => No Seeing All Wavelengths
LARGEST AND BEST SOLAR TELESCOPE NOW:
BIG BEAR NEW SOLAR TELESCOPE (NST)
NST PARAMETERS
Diameter 1.6 meterPrimary f-ratio f/2.4
λ Range.39 - 1.6
μmAO yesMCAO (DCAO) in future
NST IS PROTOTYPE FORADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
SOLAR TELESCOPE
COMPARISON OF HINODE
WITH BBSO NST OBSERVATIONS
DIAMETER = 0.5 DIAMETER = 1.6-m
LARGEST AND BEST CHINESE SOLAR TELESCOPE NOW:
FUXIAN LAKE SOLAR TELESCOPE
FUXIAN SOLAR TELESCOPE
Diameter 1.0 meterPrimary f-ratio ~ f/.92λ Range 0.32 - 2 μmAO in future
LARGE SOLAR TELESCOPES FOR THIS DECADE
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLAR TELESCOPE (ATST)
HALEAKALA, HAWAII
APERTURE 4-meter
ADAPTIVE OPTICS (later MCAO)
EUROPEAN SOLAR TELESCOPE (EST)
LA PALMA or TENERIFE
APERTURE 4-meter
MULTI CONJUGATE AO
ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYSOLARTELESCOPE
Completion 2017
INSTRUMENTATION
MAJOR PROGRESS IN
SOLAR OBSERVING CAPABILITIES
COINCIDES WITH
ENORMOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAGNETO-HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING
CAPABILITIES
THEORY OBSERVING SYNERGY
http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Profiles%20In%20Science/Rempel1.php
MATTHIAS REMPELHigh Altitude Observatory
Boulder CO USA
RESOLUTION: 16 x 16 x 12 km = > 0.022 x 0.022 arcsec
TIME SPAN: 48 hours
OBSERVATION
Swedish Solar Telescope
MHD MODEL
Matthias Rempel
INTENSITY IMAGES
MAGNETIC FIELD OUTWARD FLOW
INTENSITY VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD
BOB STEINMichigan State UniversityLansing, MI USA
RESOLUTION: 6 km = 0.008 arcsec
http://steinr.pa.msu.edu/~bob/data.html
“RAW” (12.1-m) ATST (4-M) NST (1.6-m) SST (1-m) HINODE (0.5-m)
G-BAND(431 nm)
λ (μm) Nearby Line 0.86 0.854 CaII ▲(8-m) Δ(4-m)
1.29 1.083 HeI ▲ Δ 1.0746 FeXIII 1.72 1.548 FeI (g=3) ▲ Δ ~1.6 H- minimum 3.44 Bα (4.05) & Bβ (2.63) ▲ Δ
4.80 CO Bands ▲ Δ
6.90 opaque atmosphere ▲ Δ»
12.3 MgI (3700K) ▲»
EFFECT OF MULTI-CONJUGATE ADAPTIVE OPTICS
ESO MCAO DEMONSTRATOR
* Requires Knowledge of Wavefront Distortion vs Height => Needs Atmospheric Tomography
* Uses Multiple Deformable Mirrors Conjugated to Different Heights
* Increases Field-Of-View by Factor 2N (diameter) or 4N2 (N=nr of DMs)
* Included in Design of All Extremely Large Nighttime and Solar Telescopes
No MCAO With MCAO
CaII 0.86 μmFeI 1.548 μmCO Bands 4.80 μmMgI 12.3 μm
.
CORRECTED
FIELD-OF-VIEW
FOR
SINGLE CONJUGATE AO(SCAO)
AND
TRIPLE CONJUGATE AO(TCAO)
NOTES: (1) FOV is not Dependent on Telescope Diameter(2) At 12.3 µm MgI has Full Disk image with 0.3” Resolution!
ATMOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY
WITH
THE RING TELESCOPE
BEAM CROSSECTIONHeight 12 kmλ = 1.56 µm
Corrected Area:
SCAO (20”)
TCAO(100”)
8-meterRING
TELESCOPE
BEAM CROSSECTIONHeight 12 kmλ = 1.56 µm
Corrected Area:
SCAO (20”)
TCAO(100”)
8-meterFILLED
TELESCOPE
RING TELESCOPES
REQUIRES MORE (~ 3 x)
“GUIDE STARS” (= sub-areas on Sun)
THAN FILLED-APERTURE
TELESCOPES
CONCLUSIONS FOR 8-METER APERTURECHINESE GIANT SOLAR TELESCOPE DESIGN
1. Design Telescope for Near-Infrared & Infrared Wavelengths (0.8 μm – 13 μm)
2. Note that in IR Sunspots are Less Dark and Hence Less Affected by Scattered Light
3. Allow for Future Extension to Visible Wavelengths in case MHD Models & ATST/EST Data Demand Better Resolution
4. Include Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO => TCAO?)
5. Prefer Filled Aperture to Allow for Atmospheric Tomography
6. But Ring Aperture Ok but will Requires ~3x more “Guide Stars”
7. Consider Low Scattered Light at IR Wavelengths (Coronagraph) to Allow Coronal Magnetic Field Observations at High Resolution
8. Consider also Laser Guide Star SCAO or TCAO in Corona
WHAT ABOUTLOCATION ??
I MONGOLIA!
TOLBO NUURMONGOLIA50 km S of ÖLGII
2080 m ALTITUDE3 x 20 km SIZEFRESH WATER
TOLBO NUUR2080 m HIGH
3 x 20 km
URUMQI
Figure 7. Daily mean distribution per month of probable NAOH (number of astronomical observation hours) for three Mongolian sites and for two sites in Middle Asia. Circles: Khureltogot, +:Dalanzadgad, ×: Muren,squares: Khairabad, triangles: Sanglock.Figure reference:[1].
References[1] Batsukh G, Ganbaatar D, Khaltar D and Tugjisuren N 1995, A&ASS 113 341
NIGHTTIME! HOURS!
THE END