Somali Piracy

8/7/2019 Somali Piracy

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AHSAN YOUYSAF CHAUDHARYLLM, I. UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE,

PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE.

PUNJAB UNIVERSITY SOCIETY OFINTERNATIONAL LAW(PUSIL)

Somali Piracy and Law of

Nations


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Piracy defined

y Piracy consists of any of the following acts:

y (1) Any illegal acts of violence, detention or any act of depredation, committedfor private ends by the crew

y or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:

(a) On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons orproperty on board such ship

or aircraft;

(b) Against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside thejurisdiction of any State;

y (2) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft

with knowledge of factsy making it a pirate ship or aircraft;

y (3) Any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described insubparagraph 1 or subparagraph 2 of

this article


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Classification of Buccaneering

Buccaneering

By non-StateActors

PiracyPrivateer-ing

StateSponsored


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Continued.

y Privateering ?yA Tactic as part of

Naval Warfare

between 16th

19th

Centuryy Raiding Commercial

Shipsy The crew could be

treated as POWy UK,USA, Spain,

France, Prussia,Dutch

yPiracy ?yNon-state actors

involvement.

yDeclared anoffence for the firsttime in 1958

yUniversalJurisdiction


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Piracys theater


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Somali PiracyA prologue

ySomalian Revolution ( Ouster of Siad Barre 1989-1991

yCounter Revolution, Somali(Un)Civil War- 1991, a triggeringpoint of unrest , chaos and anomie

in Somalia.yHerald of Piratical Activities late

2005.


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Somali Piracy Raison d etre

Civil War Internal chaos

Unemployed Youth

Illegal Toxic Waste dumpingIllegitimate Fishing*


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Continued

y Abdullahi, Najad (11October 2008). "Toxic

waste' behind Somalipiracy'".

English.aljazeera.net.http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2008/10/2008109174223218644.ht

ml. 2009-03-27.


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Pirates area of Op/Gulf of Aden


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Profiles of Pirates


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Continued..


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Continued.

y Most Pirates are as young as aged between 25-35 from the Puntland, northeastern region inSomalia.

y Pirates comprise of at-least 5 gangs with notles than 1000 armed buccaneers*.

y Local Somali FishermenThe brains

y Ex-militiamenthe muscles

y Technical experts to use the Global PositioningSystem (GPS) like devices**

*East African Seafarers Association (EASA) The Guardian

**BBC Somali Pirates living the high life Sept.2008


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Continued.

y Garaad Mohammad led The national volunteerCoast Guard (NVCG) interceptor of fishingships or infinitesimal vessels.

y

Marka Group (Yousuf Mohammad siadIndaade) scattered and less organized groupsaround Marka

y Puntland GroupTraditional SomaliFishermen

y Somali Marines

the most notorious ,lethal andsophisticated of all with military structure andhead of financial operations.*

*www.Globalsecurity.org


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GPS Constellation in motion


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Weaponry

y Most of the paraphernalia is secured fromYemen but significant amount reaches fromMogadishu

y Pirates are equipped with AKMs, RPG-7sand semi-automatic pistols like TT-30*

yAdditionally, they have Hand grenades such

as RGD-5 or F1*BBC, Somali Pirate killed legally Dec.2008


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Mechanism

Ransom Moneydelivery

Mechanism

y Large denominations (USD$) Currency

y Delivery in burlap(Hessian Cloth) sacks droppedfrom helicopters or cased in water-proof suitcases

loaded onto tiny skiffsy Droppage ofCurrency laden-parachutes

y Currency counting machines an authenticationtool for Currency notes.

y Allegedly Funding is also tossed by the SomaliDiaspora in Canada to the pirates*

*Somali Pirates get help from expats in Canada the star.comDec.11,2008


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Continued

yThe funding of piracy operations isnow structured in a stock exchange,

with investors buying and sellingshares in upcoming attacks in a

bourse in Harardhere.** David Gardner (2009-01-12). "Five Somali pirates drown as they squabble over their

$3million ransom". Dailymail.co.uk.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1110585/Pictured-The-moment-3million-ransom-parachuted-Somali-pirates.html. Retrieved 2009-03-27


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Combined Task Force150


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Anti-Piracy measures

y CTF-150 is a multi-national Task force, est.2008 tocombat the menace of Piracy off the Coastline of

Africa

y Deployment of Indian INS Mysore in the gulf of Aden.

y Somalian Cooperation with InternationalCommunity by permitting a group of countries toenter the territorial waters of Somalia.

y European Union led-operation Atlanta to maintainthe writ of International Law.


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Continued

yUnited States African Command

y International Maritime Bureaus Response

y International Maritime Organization

y Interpol

y Somali Transitional Federal Government(TFG)

yArab League Summit to bolster NATO anti-piracy efforts*

*"Arab league anti-piracy meeting". English.aljazeera.net.http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/insidestory/2008/11/20081120113657918575.html. 2009-03-27


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Continued.

y United Nations resolutions and practical steps incurbing Piracy

y Trials

Lack of evidence has caused the courts set freealleged Pirates

In May 2010, a Yemeni court sentenced six Somalipirates to death and jailed six others for 10 yearseach for hijacking a Yemeni oil tanker and killingtwo cabin crew April this year.

Another pirates fate hangs in the balance in US

for seizing a US Ship and kidnapping its Captain


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Self-protection measures

yThe hitherto merchant vessels Non-armed principle stands revised

through a USC

ongressional legislationproviding Best Practice for vessels tocarry private security Guards.

yEmergence of Private SECURITYAgencies


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Countering-Piracy Options/bottlenecks

y Effectively punitive role of United Nations

y Extended role of United States

y Deployment of more fleets in the gulf of Aden

y Intensified Pressure on Transitional FederalGovernment (TFG) to clamp down the Piratesfunding and strenuous surveillance over theiractivities

y Naval Blockade of Somalia (UN Dithering ) 3025kmlong coastline

y Blockade of home ports of Somali Pirates

y Invading ground Bases of Somali Pirates


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THNAKS

THE END

Somali Piracy

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