SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass...

SOLVENT

Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system

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objectivesobjectives

glass propertiesglass properties

glass selectionglass selection

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energy calcsenergy calcs

disseminationdissemination

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ENK6-CT1999-00019

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “SOLVENT” GLAZING SYSTEM:

A USER-FRIENDLY DESIGN TOOL

Evyatar Erell and Yair Etzion (Ben-Gurion U.)

Jose Molina (U. of Seville) and Ismael Rodriguez (U. of Cadiz)

Vitor Leal and Eduardo Maldonado (U. of Porto)

ENERBUILD RTD PROJECT MEETING

22-23 October, 2002

Lyon, France

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Overview

Part 1:

What is the SOLVENT project: Exposition of the research problem, project objectives and indicative results.

Part 2:

The user-friendly design tool as a means of assisting professionals in the building industry to specify an appropriate glazing combination for their project.

Part 3:

Dissemination activities

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PART 1:

THE SOLVENT PROJECT (in brief!)

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1. Direct exposure to solar radiation often results in:

- visual discomfort due to glare

- thermal discomfort due to high radiative load

- deterioration and fading of furnishings

In climates with cool, sunny winters and warm summers, direct gain systems have several drawbacks:

What is the SOLVENT glazing system (I): Problem definition

Is it possible to overcome these problems yet not lose the benefits of solar heating by direct gain?

2. Large glazed areas are useful in winter,

but may cause over-heating in summer.

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What is the “SOLVENT” glazing system (II): The concept

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The project aimed to complete the development of an

innovative glazing system, which is based on the concept

of converting short-wave solar radiation to convective heat

and long wave radiation.

• Develop aerodynamic, thermal and optical models

• Design a suitable frame

• Experimental evaluation

• Develop a design tool and guidelines for installation

The outcome is a tested product ready for demonstration

and commercial exploitation.

Project objectives

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Sde Boqer test window, September 1, 2001

Indicative experimental results (I): Glass surface temperature

15

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2400 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100time

tem

pe

ratu

re

( de

g C

)

tinted exterior tinted facing channelclear facing channel clear (interior)

glass surface temperatures (summer mode)

Solar radiation is absorbed in the tinted glass, resulting in temperature elevations of 20 degrees or more above ambient air.

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(Sde-Boqer test cell, February 3, 2002)

Indicative experimental results (II): Air temperature

5

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2400 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100

time

tem

per

atu

re

( deg

C

)

.

top middle bottom room air h=150

vertical temperature profile in air channel (winter mode)

Room air enters the bottom of the vented channel, absorbs energy from the warm glass, and is supplied to the room up 20 degrees warmer.

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Indicative experimental results (III): Illumination levels

illumination (0.85 m above floor), exterior daylight – approx. 110,000 lux.

Improved daylighting observed: Smaller (absolute) contrast and lower levels of illumination in conditions of extremely intense sunlight.

Clear double-glazed window

SOLVENT window

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600

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lux

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PART 2:

THE USER-FRIENDLY DESIGN TOOL

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User-friendly design tool

The SOLVENT user-friendly tool is targeted at architects and energy consultants in the building construction industry.

Purpose:

1. To assist in the selection of an appropriate absorptive glazing.

2. To evaluate the energy performance of the integrated system.

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Glazing properties

The clear glazing should be as clear as possible (to allow solar gains in winter) and should provide a high level of thermal insulation (preferably low-e)

The absorptive glazing should be as dark as possible, to block solar gains in the summer.

Thermal considerations:

Daylighting considerations:

The tinted glazing should be absorptive enough to control glare on sunny days

The tinted glazing should allow reasonable daylighting on overcast days

The first step is to select an appropriate absorptive glass!

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Daylight availability – local conditions

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Probability that the level is exceeded

Ho

rizo

nta

l Illu

min

ance

, kL

ux

Tel Aviv Diffuse

Tel Aviv Global

Porto Diffuse

Porto Global

Berlin Diffuse

Berlin Global

source: Meteonorm

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Glazing selection

1. Detailed simulation (e.g. RADIANCE):

Accurate; time consuming; requires professional software, such as RADIANCE; requires skilled user.

go to slide

2. A simplified simulation tool – SOLDES:

The SOLvent Daylight Evaluation Script is an interface with RADIANCE

Semi-professional; Requires specific software to be installed in the computer, and basic Unix/Linux knowledge.

go to slide

3. A library of pre-worked examples:

Crude; restricted to limited number of building typologies and environmental conditions; easy to use.

go to slide

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Daylight simulation with RADIANCE

back

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Input data for SOLDES

• Room width dept and height

• Window width (W), depth (D) and height (H), followed by Horizontal (HD) and Vertical (VD) distance to origin

• Reflectivity of the wall material

• Glazing transmissivity

• Number of viewpoints

• View point(s) coordinates

• Sun altitude and Azimuth

• Sky type

W

D

H

HD

VD

Origin point

X

YZ

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Pre-worked examples (I): Environmental conditions

Sky luminanceDiffuse illuminance

[kLux]

Global illuminance

[kLux]

Very high luminance40110

High luminance4080

Medium luminance3050

Low luminance1520

Overcast 10 kLux1010

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Pre-worked examples (II): Room geometry

Plan view Elevation

Assume: Interior walls have a reflectivity of 80%

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SOLVENT design tool: Daylighting case study

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Energy calculation (I): Input window specifications

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Energy calculation (II): hourly results

1. Select location and date

2. Define operating conditions

3. Select desired output

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Energy calculation (III): daily results

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Energy calculation (IV): Monthly results

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Energy calculation (V): Compared to reference glazing

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PART 3:

DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES

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All test data to be collated and made available on CD or by

internet, in conjunction with project reports.

Academic publication of aerodynamic, thermal and optical

models.

A module describing the window is being prepared for

integration in ESP-r.

Design guidelines and a computerized tool are being

developed in the project, to provide architects with technical

information required for glazing selection.

Dissemination (I) – software and documentation

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Overums Fonsterfabrik (window manufacturer) will

promote the product by:

• product catalogues• trade fairs

The consortium will also publicize the window through

environmental publications and internet sites, such

• WIRE (ISES)• EU web services such as ‘MARKETPLACE’

Dissemination (II) – the glazing system

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A high-profile project for a “real” building, as

opposed to an experimental or demonstration

facility, is probably the best means of creating

interest – in the construction industry, among

building designers and in the general public.

Dissemination (III) – demonstration project

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Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, ISRAELEvyatar Erell and Yair Etzion

AB Överums Fönsterfabrik, SWEDENNils Carlstrom

University of Gävle, SWEDENMats Sandberg

University of Seville, SPAINJose Luis Molina

University of Porto, PORTUGALEduardo Maldonado

Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus, GERMANYOlaf Gutschker

The SOLVENT consortium

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THANK YOU!

SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass...

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